Week 11 neural basis of consciousness : consciousness and integration (1)Nao (Naotsugu) Tsuchiya
12-week lecture series on "the neural basis of consciousness" by Prof Nao Tsuchiya.
Given to 3rd year undergraduate level. No prerequisites.
Contents:
1) How can we compute integrated information?
2) How we can estimate the proposed boundary of consciousness?
3) What are the reported phenomenology / behaviors of split brain patients?
4) How does IIT explain various known facts about consciousness, such as split brain patients?
At the very heart of cognitive psychology is the idea of information processing. Cognitive psychology sees the individual as a processor of information, in much the same way that a computer takes in information and follows a program to produce an output.Cognitive psychology compares the human mind to a computer, suggesting that we too are information processors and that it is possible and desirable to study the internal mental / mediational processes that lie between the stimuli (in our environment) and the response we make.
The information processing paradigm of cognitive psychology views that minds in terms of a computer when processing information.
However, there are important difference between humans and computers. The mind does not process information like a computer as computers don’t have emotions or get tired like humans
Week 8 : The neural basis of consciousness : consciousness vs. attention Nao (Naotsugu) Tsuchiya
12-week lecture series on "the neural basis of consciousness" by Prof Nao Tsuchiya.
Given to 3rd year undergraduate level. No prerequisites.
Contents:
1) How can we define “attention”?
2) What are the paradigms to manipulate attention?
3) What are the neuronal mechanisms of attention?
4) How can we explain the relationship between attention and consciousness?
Week 11 neural basis of consciousness : consciousness and integration (1)Nao (Naotsugu) Tsuchiya
12-week lecture series on "the neural basis of consciousness" by Prof Nao Tsuchiya.
Given to 3rd year undergraduate level. No prerequisites.
Contents:
1) How can we compute integrated information?
2) How we can estimate the proposed boundary of consciousness?
3) What are the reported phenomenology / behaviors of split brain patients?
4) How does IIT explain various known facts about consciousness, such as split brain patients?
At the very heart of cognitive psychology is the idea of information processing. Cognitive psychology sees the individual as a processor of information, in much the same way that a computer takes in information and follows a program to produce an output.Cognitive psychology compares the human mind to a computer, suggesting that we too are information processors and that it is possible and desirable to study the internal mental / mediational processes that lie between the stimuli (in our environment) and the response we make.
The information processing paradigm of cognitive psychology views that minds in terms of a computer when processing information.
However, there are important difference between humans and computers. The mind does not process information like a computer as computers don’t have emotions or get tired like humans
Week 8 : The neural basis of consciousness : consciousness vs. attention Nao (Naotsugu) Tsuchiya
12-week lecture series on "the neural basis of consciousness" by Prof Nao Tsuchiya.
Given to 3rd year undergraduate level. No prerequisites.
Contents:
1) How can we define “attention”?
2) What are the paradigms to manipulate attention?
3) What are the neuronal mechanisms of attention?
4) How can we explain the relationship between attention and consciousness?
Week 10 neural basis of consciousness integrated information theory of consc...Nao (Naotsugu) Tsuchiya
12-week lecture series on "the neural basis of consciousness" by Prof Nao Tsuchiya.
Given to 3rd year undergraduate level. No prerequisites.
Contents:
1) What is IIT?
2) Where does IIT start to construct the theory?
3) What are the five core properties of every phenomenology that IIT considers important?
4) What is the neuronal measure that was inspired by the IIT?
Week 9 the neural basis of consciousness : dissociation of consciousness &...Nao (Naotsugu) Tsuchiya
12-week lecture series on "the neural basis of consciousness" by Prof Nao Tsuchiya.
Given to 3rd year undergraduate level. No prerequisites.
Contents:
1) What are the logic and evidence of experiments which demonstrate dissociation between attention and consciousness?
2) How do they manipulate & assess consciousness?
3) How do they manipulate & assess attention?
Week 12 neural basis of consciousness : frontiers in consciousness researchNao (Naotsugu) Tsuchiya
12-week lecture series on "the neural basis of consciousness" by Prof Nao Tsuchiya.
Given to 3rd year undergraduate level. No prerequisites.
Contents:
1) What does IIT propose about qualia?
2) How can we characterize qualia structures?
3) What are the possible empirical experiments that can be used to reveal the relationship between qualia and brain?
4) What are societal impacts of consciousness research?
12-week lecture series on "the neural basis of consciousness" by Prof Nao Tsuchiya.
Given to 3rd year undergraduate level. No prerequisites.
Contents:
a. Why are we interested in consciousness?
b. What do we mean by consciousness?
c. How can we study consciousness?
d. What are the potential problems when one wants to
understand and test a possibility of consciousness in animals, plants and robots?
Week 3 the neural basis of consciousness overview of important clinical cas...Nao (Naotsugu) Tsuchiya
12-week lecture series on "the neural basis of consciousness" by Prof Nao Tsuchiya.
Given to 3rd year undergraduate level. No prerequisites.
Contents:
1) Why are the studies of brain lesioned patients important?
2) What are reported phenomenology by patients?
3) How can we assess / validate their phenomenology?
- Behavioral & Neuronal studies of patients
EMOTIONAL LEARNING IN A SIMULATED MODEL OF THE MENTAL APPARATUScsandit
How a human being learns is a wide field and not fully understood until now. This paper should give an alternative attempt to get closer to the answer how human beings learn something and what the relation to emotions is. Therefore, the cognitive architecture of the project “Simulation of Mental Apparatus and Applications (SiMA)” is used to fulfill two tasks. One is to give an answer to the question above and the other one is to enhance the functional model of the mental apparatus with learning. For that reason, the functions of the model are analyzed in detail for their ability to enhance them with a learning ability. The focus of the analysis lay on emotions and their impact on the ability to change memories in the model to determine a different behavior than without learning.
Week 7 the neural basis of consciousness: higher visual areas and the nccNao (Naotsugu) Tsuchiya
12-week lecture series on "the neural basis of consciousness" by Prof Nao Tsuchiya.
Given to 3rd year undergraduate level. No prerequisites.
Contents:
1) What are the evidence supporting the claim that higher visual areas are the NCC?
2) What are the phenomenological and behavioral characteristics of binocular rivalry?
3) How did the researchers establish the binocular rivalry paradigm with monkeys as participants?
4) What are the implications of the NCC studies using binocular rivalry?
Week 10 neural basis of consciousness integrated information theory of consc...Nao (Naotsugu) Tsuchiya
12-week lecture series on "the neural basis of consciousness" by Prof Nao Tsuchiya.
Given to 3rd year undergraduate level. No prerequisites.
Contents:
1) What is IIT?
2) Where does IIT start to construct the theory?
3) What are the five core properties of every phenomenology that IIT considers important?
4) What is the neuronal measure that was inspired by the IIT?
Week 9 the neural basis of consciousness : dissociation of consciousness &...Nao (Naotsugu) Tsuchiya
12-week lecture series on "the neural basis of consciousness" by Prof Nao Tsuchiya.
Given to 3rd year undergraduate level. No prerequisites.
Contents:
1) What are the logic and evidence of experiments which demonstrate dissociation between attention and consciousness?
2) How do they manipulate & assess consciousness?
3) How do they manipulate & assess attention?
Week 12 neural basis of consciousness : frontiers in consciousness researchNao (Naotsugu) Tsuchiya
12-week lecture series on "the neural basis of consciousness" by Prof Nao Tsuchiya.
Given to 3rd year undergraduate level. No prerequisites.
Contents:
1) What does IIT propose about qualia?
2) How can we characterize qualia structures?
3) What are the possible empirical experiments that can be used to reveal the relationship between qualia and brain?
4) What are societal impacts of consciousness research?
12-week lecture series on "the neural basis of consciousness" by Prof Nao Tsuchiya.
Given to 3rd year undergraduate level. No prerequisites.
Contents:
a. Why are we interested in consciousness?
b. What do we mean by consciousness?
c. How can we study consciousness?
d. What are the potential problems when one wants to
understand and test a possibility of consciousness in animals, plants and robots?
Week 3 the neural basis of consciousness overview of important clinical cas...Nao (Naotsugu) Tsuchiya
12-week lecture series on "the neural basis of consciousness" by Prof Nao Tsuchiya.
Given to 3rd year undergraduate level. No prerequisites.
Contents:
1) Why are the studies of brain lesioned patients important?
2) What are reported phenomenology by patients?
3) How can we assess / validate their phenomenology?
- Behavioral & Neuronal studies of patients
EMOTIONAL LEARNING IN A SIMULATED MODEL OF THE MENTAL APPARATUScsandit
How a human being learns is a wide field and not fully understood until now. This paper should give an alternative attempt to get closer to the answer how human beings learn something and what the relation to emotions is. Therefore, the cognitive architecture of the project “Simulation of Mental Apparatus and Applications (SiMA)” is used to fulfill two tasks. One is to give an answer to the question above and the other one is to enhance the functional model of the mental apparatus with learning. For that reason, the functions of the model are analyzed in detail for their ability to enhance them with a learning ability. The focus of the analysis lay on emotions and their impact on the ability to change memories in the model to determine a different behavior than without learning.
Week 7 the neural basis of consciousness: higher visual areas and the nccNao (Naotsugu) Tsuchiya
12-week lecture series on "the neural basis of consciousness" by Prof Nao Tsuchiya.
Given to 3rd year undergraduate level. No prerequisites.
Contents:
1) What are the evidence supporting the claim that higher visual areas are the NCC?
2) What are the phenomenological and behavioral characteristics of binocular rivalry?
3) How did the researchers establish the binocular rivalry paradigm with monkeys as participants?
4) What are the implications of the NCC studies using binocular rivalry?
Apical-amplification, apical-isolation, apical-drive. two-compartment spiking model. ThetaPlanes piecewise linear approximation of mutlicompartment neuron activity. Sleep passed the evolutionary siege in all studied animal species, notwithstanding its apparent unproductivity (lower reactivity to external dangers, no feeding, no mating). In humans, the time spent in sleep is higher in younger individuals, precisely when learning is faster. Another element to be considered is that, thanks to an evolutionary history that spanned hundreds of millions of years and selected among countless individuals, the inter-areal and local connectome captures the priors necessary to optimize the flow and combination of internal hypotheses and sensorial evidence.
At the cellular level, optimal combination of contextual information and local computation is provided by the apical amplification principle, active during wakefulness. Deep-sleep (NREM) and REM sleep are characterized in mammals by pyramidal neurons changing to a different management of apical signals, namely apical-isolation and apical-drive.
The cognitive and energetic functions of sleep and its relations with awake performance have beeninvestigated by INFN in spiking models, engaged in learning and sleep cycles, that will be presented in this seminar. Also, preliminar information about a next generation of neural models supporting apical mechanisms will be presented.
Structure of information to understand the physical basis of consciousness
One of the biggest mysteries in science is the origin of subjective conscious experience. In modern investigation on consciousness, researchers distinguish level and contents of consciousness. The former is about the global state of conscious creatures, which goes from very low in coma, vegetitative states, deep dreamless sleep, and deep general anesthesia to high in fully wakeful state. The latter is about the contents that one experiences at a given moment of high level of consciousness, sometimes called qualia, covering all sensory and any other experiences.
In both meanings, consciousness has been difficult to relate to electrochemical physical interactions in the brain. Meanwhile, informational structure, which is derived from these neural activity and connectivity, is more promising as a possible candidate that is isomorphic to consciousness.
In this talk, I will explain three approaches that try to characterize 1) structures of information, 2) structures of consciousness, and 3) relationship between these two structures, primarily drawing on the approach with Integrated Information Theory [Tononi 2004 BMC, Tononi 2016 Nat Rev Neuro, Oizumi 2016 PNAS, Haun 2018, Leung 2020 bioRxiv] and Category Theory [Spivak 2011, Tsuchiya 2016 Neurosci Res, Tsuchiya 2020 OSF].
Talk from OHBM education day 2018, an overview of data sharing and other resources for neuroimaging research. Also a brief discussion of the impact that openly shared data has had on publications.
Individual functional atlasing of the human brain with multitask fMRI data: l...Ana Luísa Pinho
Linking brain systems and mental functions requires accurate descriptions of behavioral tasks and fine demarcations of brain regions. Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) has opened the possibility to investigate how brain activity is modulated by behavior. However, to date, no data collection has systematically addressed the functional mapping of cognitive mechanisms at a fine spatial scale. Most studies so far are bound to one single task, in which functional responses to a handful of contrasts are analyzed and reported as a group average brain map. The Individual Brain Charting (IBC) project stands for a high-resolution (1.5mm), multi-task fMRI dataset, intended to provide an objective basis for the establishment of a neurocognitive atlas based on the individual mapping of the human brain. This data collection refers to a permanent cohort during performance of a wide variety of tasks across many sessions. Data up to the third release---comprising 28 tasks---are publicly available in the OpenNeuro repository (ds002685). Derived statistical maps from the first and second releases can be found in NeuroVault (id6618) and they amount for 205 canonical contrasts described on the basis of 113 cognitive concepts taken from the Cognitive Atlas. These derivatives reveal all together a comprehensive brain coverage of regions engaged in cognitive processes as well as a successful encoding of the functional networks reported by the original studies. As the dataset becomes larger and the ensuing collection of concepts gets richer, finer subject-specific, cognitive topographies can be extracted from the data. We thus explore this individual-functional-atlasing approach in order to link functional segregation of specialized brain regions to elementary mental functions. Results show that individual topographies---common to all tasks---are consistently mapped within and, to a lesser extent, across participants. Besides, prediction scores associated with the reconstruction of contrasts of one task from the remaining ones reveal the quantitative contribution of each task to these common representations. Yet, scores decreased when subjects were permuted between train and test, confirming that topographies are driven by subject-specific variability. Lastly, we demonstrate how cognitive mapping can benefit from contrasts accumulation, by analyzing the functional fingerprints of a set of individualized regions-of-interest from the language network.
Similar to 17 June 20. Empirical test of IIT @ Dresden (20)
Week 6 neural basis of consciousness neural correlates of consciousnessNao (Naotsugu) Tsuchiya
12-week lecture series on "the neural basis of consciousness" by Prof Nao Tsuchiya.
Given to 3rd year undergraduate level. No prerequisites.
Contents:
1) What are the neural correlates of consciousness (NCC)?
2) What are positive and negative evidence for V1 as the NCC?
3) What are the properties of neurons in higher visual areas?
Week 5 neural basis of consciousness eyes, early visual system and conscious...Nao (Naotsugu) Tsuchiya
12-week lecture series on "the neural basis of consciousness" by Prof Nao Tsuchiya.
Given to 3rd year undergraduate level. No prerequisites.
Contents:
1) What is our peripheral experience?
- A closer look with color, motion, and metacognition
2) What neural mechanisms underlie the transmission of visual input from the eyes to the brain?
3) What is a receptive field of a neuron?
4) What are the key properties of V1 (the primary visual cortex)?
5) What are the implications of the properties of V1 for conscious phenomenology?
6) What are the visual pathways from the eyes to the brain, and its implication for blindsight?
Week 4 the neural basis of consciousness introduction to the visual systemNao (Naotsugu) Tsuchiya
12-week lecture series on "the neural basis of consciousness" by Prof Nao Tsuchiya.
Given to 3rd year undergraduate level. No prerequisites.
Contents:
1) What are behavioral and neural signatures of nonconscious processing?
2) Can blindsight-like behavior induced in monkeys? What are the evidence?
3) How can we discriminate nonconscious from conscious behaviors using a concept of metacognition?
4) What is the structure of eye and how does it shape our conscious vision?
Week 2 neural basis of consciousness: introduction to the research methods ts...Nao (Naotsugu) Tsuchiya
12-week lecture series on "the neural basis of consciousness" by Prof Nao Tsuchiya.
Given to 3rd year undergraduate level. No prerequisites.
Contents:
1) How can we characterize our phenomenology
- Introduction to psychophysical methods
2) How can we measure neural activity in the brain?
- What is the source of the neural activity?
Deep Behavioral Phenotyping in Systems Neuroscience for Functional Atlasing a...Ana Luísa Pinho
Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) provides means to characterize brain activations in response to behavior. However, cognitive neuroscience has been limited to group-level effects referring to the performance of specific tasks. To obtain the functional profile of elementary cognitive mechanisms, the combination of brain responses to many tasks is required. Yet, to date, both structural atlases and parcellation-based activations do not fully account for cognitive function and still present several limitations. Further, they do not adapt overall to individual characteristics. In this talk, I will give an account of deep-behavioral phenotyping strategies, namely data-driven methods in large task-fMRI datasets, to optimize functional brain-data collection and improve inference of effects-of-interest related to mental processes. Key to this approach is the employment of fast multi-functional paradigms rich on features that can be well parametrized and, consequently, facilitate the creation of psycho-physiological constructs to be modelled with imaging data. Particular emphasis will be given to music stimuli when studying high-order cognitive mechanisms, due to their ecological nature and quality to enable complex behavior compounded by discrete entities. I will also discuss how deep-behavioral phenotyping and individualized models applied to neuroimaging data can better account for the subject-specific organization of domain-general cognitive systems in the human brain. Finally, the accumulation of functional brain signatures brings the possibility to clarify relationships among tasks and create a univocal link between brain systems and mental functions through: (1) the development of ontologies proposing an organization of cognitive processes; and (2) brain-network taxonomies describing functional specialization. To this end, tools to improve commensurability in cognitive science are necessary, such as public repositories, ontology-based platforms and automated meta-analysis tools. I will thus discuss some brain-atlasing resources currently under development, and their applicability in cognitive as well as clinical neuroscience.
Nutraceutical market, scope and growth: Herbal drug technologyLokesh Patil
As consumer awareness of health and wellness rises, the nutraceutical market—which includes goods like functional meals, drinks, and dietary supplements that provide health advantages beyond basic nutrition—is growing significantly. As healthcare expenses rise, the population ages, and people want natural and preventative health solutions more and more, this industry is increasing quickly. Further driving market expansion are product formulation innovations and the use of cutting-edge technology for customized nutrition. With its worldwide reach, the nutraceutical industry is expected to keep growing and provide significant chances for research and investment in a number of categories, including vitamins, minerals, probiotics, and herbal supplements.
Comparing Evolved Extractive Text Summary Scores of Bidirectional Encoder Rep...University of Maribor
Slides from:
11th International Conference on Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering (IcETRAN), Niš, 3-6 June 2024
Track: Artificial Intelligence
https://www.etran.rs/2024/en/home-english/
Professional air quality monitoring systems provide immediate, on-site data for analysis, compliance, and decision-making.
Monitor common gases, weather parameters, particulates.
Salas, V. (2024) "John of St. Thomas (Poinsot) on the Science of Sacred Theol...Studia Poinsotiana
I Introduction
II Subalternation and Theology
III Theology and Dogmatic Declarations
IV The Mixed Principles of Theology
V Virtual Revelation: The Unity of Theology
VI Theology as a Natural Science
VII Theology’s Certitude
VIII Conclusion
Notes
Bibliography
All the contents are fully attributable to the author, Doctor Victor Salas. Should you wish to get this text republished, get in touch with the author or the editorial committee of the Studia Poinsotiana. Insofar as possible, we will be happy to broker your contact.
DERIVATION OF MODIFIED BERNOULLI EQUATION WITH VISCOUS EFFECTS AND TERMINAL V...Wasswaderrick3
In this book, we use conservation of energy techniques on a fluid element to derive the Modified Bernoulli equation of flow with viscous or friction effects. We derive the general equation of flow/ velocity and then from this we derive the Pouiselle flow equation, the transition flow equation and the turbulent flow equation. In the situations where there are no viscous effects , the equation reduces to the Bernoulli equation. From experimental results, we are able to include other terms in the Bernoulli equation. We also look at cases where pressure gradients exist. We use the Modified Bernoulli equation to derive equations of flow rate for pipes of different cross sectional areas connected together. We also extend our techniques of energy conservation to a sphere falling in a viscous medium under the effect of gravity. We demonstrate Stokes equation of terminal velocity and turbulent flow equation. We look at a way of calculating the time taken for a body to fall in a viscous medium. We also look at the general equation of terminal velocity.
The use of Nauplii and metanauplii artemia in aquaculture (brine shrimp).pptxMAGOTI ERNEST
Although Artemia has been known to man for centuries, its use as a food for the culture of larval organisms apparently began only in the 1930s, when several investigators found that it made an excellent food for newly hatched fish larvae (Litvinenko et al., 2023). As aquaculture developed in the 1960s and ‘70s, the use of Artemia also became more widespread, due both to its convenience and to its nutritional value for larval organisms (Arenas-Pardo et al., 2024). The fact that Artemia dormant cysts can be stored for long periods in cans, and then used as an off-the-shelf food requiring only 24 h of incubation makes them the most convenient, least labor-intensive, live food available for aquaculture (Sorgeloos & Roubach, 2021). The nutritional value of Artemia, especially for marine organisms, is not constant, but varies both geographically and temporally. During the last decade, however, both the causes of Artemia nutritional variability and methods to improve poorquality Artemia have been identified (Loufi et al., 2024).
Brine shrimp (Artemia spp.) are used in marine aquaculture worldwide. Annually, more than 2,000 metric tons of dry cysts are used for cultivation of fish, crustacean, and shellfish larva. Brine shrimp are important to aquaculture because newly hatched brine shrimp nauplii (larvae) provide a food source for many fish fry (Mozanzadeh et al., 2021). Culture and harvesting of brine shrimp eggs represents another aspect of the aquaculture industry. Nauplii and metanauplii of Artemia, commonly known as brine shrimp, play a crucial role in aquaculture due to their nutritional value and suitability as live feed for many aquatic species, particularly in larval stages (Sorgeloos & Roubach, 2021).
Remote Sensing and Computational, Evolutionary, Supercomputing, and Intellige...University of Maribor
Slides from talk:
Aleš Zamuda: Remote Sensing and Computational, Evolutionary, Supercomputing, and Intelligent Systems.
11th International Conference on Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering (IcETRAN), Niš, 3-6 June 2024
Inter-Society Networking Panel GRSS/MTT-S/CIS Panel Session: Promoting Connection and Cooperation
https://www.etran.rs/2024/en/home-english/
What is greenhouse gasses and how many gasses are there to affect the Earth.moosaasad1975
What are greenhouse gasses how they affect the earth and its environment what is the future of the environment and earth how the weather and the climate effects.
This presentation explores a brief idea about the structural and functional attributes of nucleotides, the structure and function of genetic materials along with the impact of UV rays and pH upon them.
Nucleic Acid-its structural and functional complexity.
17 June 20. Empirical test of IIT @ Dresden
1. 17 June 20 @
Brain Dynamics on Multiple Scales - Paradigms, their Relations, and Integrated Approaches
Nao Tsuchiya 土谷 尚嗣
School of Psychological Sciences &
Monash Institute of Cognitive & Clinical Neuroscience (MICCN)
Monash University, Australia
"What is it like to be a bat?"
- a pathway to the answer
from integrated information theory of consciousness
2. My lab’s goal: to reveal the physical basis
of consciousness
4 empirical approaches:
1. Boundary of consciousness
- vs non-conscious processing
- vs unconscious states
2. Relationship between consciousness and associated processes
- attention, working memory, metacognition, expectation, report
3.Analysis of multi-electrode neural recordings
- fly LFP to human ECoG
4. Empirical testing of the theory of consciousness
- integrated information theory of consciousness
- predictive coding / free energy
3. Talk overview
• “What it is like to be a bat?”
• definitions, motivations
• Overview of IIT
• Empirical testing of IIT
• How to approach the bat problem?
4. What it is like to be a bat?
• Thomas Nagel 1974
• Clarify the difficulty of mind-body problem
• Bat - echolocation system
5. • Why does vision feels like vision?
• Why any visual experience is more
similar to other visual experience than
auditory experience?
• Is bat’s echolocation similar to vision,
audition, non-conscious or anything else?
6. bat’s experience
• Impossible stupid question?
• No, it can drive science of consciousness
• What’s the relevance to society?
• Any studeis of mental disease in model
animals: depression in mice (?)
• Theories that explain all available evidence
and make correct predictions can be
trusted when making extraordinary
predictions
7. A new framework for studying the relationship?
Relationship between qualia and mathematical structures
Tsuchiya, Taguchi, Saigo 2016 Neuroscience Research
mathematical
structures
8. Integrated information theory
of consciousness
• Starts from phenomenology, identifies five
axioms (1. existence, 2. composition, 3.
information, 4. integration, 5. exclusion)
• Tries to seek for potential physical
mechanisms that can support the axioms
Tononi 2004, 2008, Oizumi et al 2014 PLoS Comp Bio
9. Consciousness is highly informative
• Each experience is highly unique and excludes all other possible
experiences
10. Consciousness is composed of various aspects
Consciousness is integrated
Consciousness is excluded outside of the certain boundary
11. • Based on the 5 phenomenological axioms,
IIT derives 5 mathematical postulates.
• Using the postulates, IIT predicts a
particular level and contents of
consciousness of a system, based on how
the network is connected and which
state the system is in.
14. Entropy H of X (assuming Gaussian
distribution of X):
−500 0 500 1000
100
0
100
0
100
0
100
0
-500 0 500 1000
time from stimulus onset (msec)
XD
XC
XB
XA
Oizumi et al 2016 PLoS Comp
Continuous variables with Gaussian assumption
https://figshare.com/articles/phi_toolbox_zip/3203326
Measures variability of responses
15. Entropy H of X (assuming Gaussian
distribution of X):
−500 0 500 1000
100
0
100
0
100
0
100
0
-500 0 500 1000
time from stimulus onset (msec)
XD
XC
XB
XA
Oizumi et al 2016 PLoS Comp
Φ*
= I − I*
Continuous variables with Gaussian assumption
https://figshare.com/articles/phi_toolbox_zip/3203326
16. Integrated information
=
loss of predictability of past states
based on current states,
when system is cut
(Oizumi et al 2016 PLoS Comp)
Intuitive explanation 1
33. 0.1
1
Φ
CFSBM UNM
Faces(CFS,BM,UNM) Masked Faces & Mondrians (CFS,BM,UNM)Houses (UNM) Tools (UNM)
0.1
1
I
0.1
1
H
Haun et al 2016 bioRxiv
Phi, but not I and H, are correlated with contents of consciousness
on a trial-by-trial basis
36. Summary of this talk
• Overview of IIT
• Integrated information as:
• loss of decoding accuracy (Φ*)
• distance between full and disconnected
models (ΦG)
• Empirical testing of IIT
• Phi patterns: hierarchy of causal interactions
better correlates with conscious perception
than entropy or mutual information.
37. A path to bats’ experience…
• Can be compared between sensory
modalities
• Across individuals
• Across species
• Common topological properties of phi*
pattern for vision vs audition?
• What is it like to be a bat?
• Dissolution of the Hard Problem?
38. Acknowledgment
• Thanks for your attention & consciousness!
• Support
• ARC Future Fellowship
• ARC Discovery Project
• JST PRESTO grant