16
Economics Final Project Submission: Policy Research and Organizational Analysis Report
Luz Rodriguez
Southern New Hampshire University
Economics Final Project Submission: Policy Research and Organizational Analysis Report
In the current healthcare system, hospitals face diverse financial and economic decisions, which impact how they operate. It is crucial for hospital administrators to have sound economic and financial knowledge if they are to make the right decisions that will ensure their institutions continue operating in a sustainable manner. In this context, this paper gives a comprehensive discussion of various economic theories, economic principles, economic legislative issues, and disparities that impact healthcare institutions. The paper then applies these principles to The Johns Hopkins Hospital in Baltimore to provide a practical view of their importance in how hospitals operate.
Economic Theories and Principles
Economic Disparities
The financial well-being of the industry has a huge bearing on the availability of healthcare. In this context, market and demand theories are instrumental in understanding the industry’s financial well-being. Looking at the example of The Johns Hopkins Hospital in Baltimore, it is clear that the economic principles of demand and market/consumer behavior have a profound impact on the entity’s financial statements. Consequently, there are times when there is a spike in revenue while there are periods when revenues drop. For instance, during holidays and festive periods, revenues spike due to a rise in the number of injuries and accidents associated with travel and other fun-related activities like overindulgence in alcohol. Also, hospital management performance has a huge bearing on an institution’s profitability (Lee & Park, (2015). The Johns Hopkins Hospital has increased its performance over the years. Thus, its patient satisfaction has also risen over the years, which explains why its financial statements continue to improve as time goes by. The aspect of demand also impacts the profitability of the institution. The ever-growing population implies that the institution has more clients to serve and profit from. The hospital has a steady supply of new patients due to the relatively steady mortality and birth rates. Finally, poor consumer lifestyle trends increase hospital visits and the institution’s profitability.
Economic Theories
There are certain economic theories that are useful when applied to the healthcare industry. First, there is market power, which refers to the ability of a firm to successfully impact how its services or products are priced in the marketplace. In healthcare planning, it is crucial for policymakers to facilitate the creation of an environment where healthcare institutions can freely define the prices for their services. This is crucial in ensuring that there is healthy competition for all healthcare providers (Frech et al., 2015). However, the drawback in such a cas ...
This paper compares 3 entities from 3 different types of health care financial environments, for-profit, not-for-profit, and government. It describes the financial structure of the different financial environments. It also identifies policies which are unique to each particular financial environment. It w identifies financial management practices prevalent in the different financial environments.
Legal and Ethical Issues Related to Psychiatric EmergenciesT.docxLaticiaGrissomzz
Legal and Ethical Issues Related to Psychiatric Emergencies
The diagnosis of psychiatric emergencies can include a wide range of problems—from serious drug reactions to abuse and suicidal ideation/behaviors. Regardless of care setting, the PMHNP must know how to address emergencies, coordinate care with other members of the health care team and law enforcement officials (when indicated), and effectively communicate with family members who are often overwhelmed in emergency situations. In their role, PMHNPs can ensure a smooth transition from emergency mental health care to follow-up care, and also bridge the physical–mental health divide in healthcare.
In this week’s Assignment, you explore legal and ethical issues surrounding psychiatric emergencies, and identify evidence-based suicide and violence risk assessments.
To Prepare
· Review this week’s Learning Resources and consider the insights they provide about psychiatric emergencies and the ethical and legal issues surrounding these events.
The Assignment
In 2–3 pages, address the following:
· Explain your state laws for involuntary psychiatric holds for child and adult psychiatric emergencies. Include who can hold a patient and for how long, who can release the emergency hold, and who can pick up the patient after a hold is released.
· Explain the differences among emergency hospitalization for evaluation/psychiatric hold, inpatient commitment, and outpatient commitment in your state.
· Explain the difference between capacity and competency in mental health contexts.
· Select one of the following topics, and explain one legal issue and one ethical issue related to this topic that may apply within the context of treating psychiatric emergencies: patient autonomy, EMTALA, confidentiality, HIPAA privacy rule, HIPAA security rule, protected information, legal gun ownership, career obstacles (security clearances/background checks), and payer source.
· Identify one evidence-based suicide risk assessment that you could use to screen patients.
· Identify one evidence-based violence risk assessment that you could use to screen patients.
Attach copies of or links to the suicide and violence risk assessments you selected.
NOTE: MY STATE IS ILLINOIS
2
Final Project : Policy Research and Organizational Analysis Report
Precious Teasley
Southern New Hampshire University
IHP-620-Q1591 Economic Principles- healthcare 22TW1
Dr. Scott
October 20, 2022
Introduction
The purpose of this report is to focus on economic principles and how they apply to the field of healthcare. Healthcare facilities need to make economic decisions because they need financial resources to run. They need economic consultants that will help in making strategic economic decisions that will guide healthcare facilities on where and how to spend their money (Hicks, 2020). This ensures that they are wise in their undertakings. This report focuses on Jackson Memorial Hospital, a facility that has more than 1,500 li.
This course is based on previous courses taken in the MSHA program.docxjuliennehar
This course is based on previous courses taken in the MSHA program.
In general, there will be no additional new readings, but rather the course will be based on the reading materials required in program core courses.
The program core courses are listed below. Please refer to the lists of readings as they appear on their respective course syllabus pages.
Again, these readings should refresh your memory on the course topics, and serve you in responding to the Case, SLP, and Discussion assignments.
In the modular Background materials pages, the instructor has identified the course readings most relevant to the Capstone modular topic(s).
Module 1
Module 2
Module 3
Module 4
MHA506 - Health Care System Organization
X
X
X
MHA507 - Health Care Delivery Systems
X
X
X
MHM525 - Marketing in Healthcare
X
MHM502 - Health Care Finance
X
MHM514 - Health Information Systems
X
MHM522 - Legal Aspects of Health Administration
X
Running Head: MARKETING PLAN1
MARKETING PLAN 4
Marketing Plan
Shaneya Acker
Dr. Eric Oestmann
MHM 525
Trident University International
April 27, 2019
Contents
Cover Letter3
Introduction4
Geographical location4
Historical background4
Marketing Goals and Objectives5
Market Analysis6
Environmental Analysis7
Political and Legal7
Social and Cultural7
Consumer Analysis8
SWOT8
Strengths8
Weaknesses9
Opportunities10
Threats10
Marketing and Promotion strategies10
Marketing and Promotion Strategies13
References16
Cover Letter
This paper presents a marketing plan for Continuum health partners. Continuum health partners is an organization based in the metropolitan area of New York US. The main aim of the organization is to coordinate the operations of its members to keep the organization financially solvent by controlling costs in the highly competitive industry (Pronk et al., 2015). The plan outlines various goals and objectives which will help the organization succeed. Goals are used as a road map for the organization to achieve its vision. The plan also presents a market analysis for the healthcare industry.
The plan also presents an environmental analysis of political and social issues affecting the organization. Politics and policy issues affect the healthcare industry in a big way. For instance, the Affordable Healthcare Act has been used in the US for a while. However, the new incumbent government has promised that they will replace this Act. Social and cultural factors significantly affect the quality of healthcare for a community. Most people in the US are educated and this helps them to understand the importance of staying healthy. The paper also presents a consumer analysis of the healthcare sector.
Various strengths, weakness, opportunities and threats facing the organization are also discussed in details. One of the main strengths of the organization is its geographical location which ensures that consumers can easily access health care services within the city. Finally, the paper explores ...
2
Healthcare Economics
Precious Teasley
Southern New Hampshire University
IHP-620-Q1591 Economic Principles- healthcare 22TW1
Dr. Scott
September 24,2022
Economic Theories and Principles
A.
Economic Disparities
The provision of healthcare requires financial resources. A healthcare organization needs to be financially stable for it to offer the needed healthcare services to its patients (Hicks, 2020). Jackson Memorial Hospital, despite being a non-profit organization, is financially stable and this implies that the facility can afford to offer the best quality healthcare services as well as research opportunities. When the facility is financially healthy, there is a demand of investing the excess money into new healthcare services so that patients can access more and better services. According to the demand theory, when there is more disposable income, there is an increased demand for more goods and services. In other words, the financial well-being of an organization affects its demand for services.
B.
Economic Theories
One of the most useful economic theories in the healthcare industry is the theory of demand and supply. According to this economic theory, the demand for a product will decline if the price goes up (Bender, 2020). Conversely, when the prices are high, the supply of a product is boosted but when prices drop, the supply is diminished. This theory is relevant to the field of healthcare, especially in chronic illnesses. For instance, if the supply of medicine for a particular disease decreases but the demand persists, then the price of the medicine will go up. The proponents of this theory argue that the level of demand and supply affect the prices of commodities in the market until the point of economic equilibrium is reached. This is true in the healthcare industry because there are situations where there is a shortage of particular drugs or services while the demand is high. This makes them expensive and inaccessible to many patients who require the services.
C.
Use of Economic Principles
Economic principles are important to organizations because they help in making informed decisions especially financially. For an organization to operate, it needs to invest in various areas where it intends to provide goods and services to its clients. In such cases, economic principles must be applied to determine the cost-benefit analysis of the potential investment. This helps to tell whether or not there will be a reasonable return on investment in whichever project an organization takes. If there is an indication that investment will be successful, resources should be provided for the project. In other words, economic principles play a key role in informing an organization about the chances of success or failure of what they want to do. For the best results to be achieved, a variety of economic principles such as the cost-benefit analysis and the SWOT analysis should be utilize.
Running Head: HEALTHCARE 1
HEALTHCARE 2
Hospital Mergers and Acquisitions
Joseph Toole
Public Health Policy Research
29 Oct 2016
Identify a legal issue confronting a healthcare policy from your state. Briefly describe the legal issue.
One of the legal issues that would affect the healthcare sector within the United States involves the hospital's mergers. The ever changing market, as well as business environment, has continued to force hospitals to enter into mergers without considering or adhering to all the set rules and regulation on mergers. Hospitals are obliged to merge due to various reasons. One of the goals that hospitals aim while establishing a merger the assumption that they are well placed financially when operating as one compared to operating individually (Feinstein, 2011). Other reason for embracing merger include, increased the need to lower the operation cost. In the modern society majority of the health care institutions are finding it hard to realize the set goals as well as remaining profitable.
Like other business are struggling, health care sector is not spared. Uncertain revenue flow has continued to halt hospital business while the certain operation costs have continued to increase every day. Over the past decades, hospitals were focusing more on efficient management and paying least attention or no attention on ways to maintain the operation costs as low as possible to ensure increased profitability (Feinstein, 2011). The unpredictable business environment has made revenue management a very complex task that if gotten wrong, many of business and hospitals are forced to close down or enter into a merger. The merger is seen as the only positive alternative by hospitals to ensure reduced burden on the scarce resources. Also, there is a general perception that mergers would help to reduce or control the operational costs effectively.
Need to share cost involved in acquired or stabling new and modern health care facility and technology is another reason why hospitals from mergers. The cost associated with new technology and modern infrastructure is huge. Thus the objective can only be achieved through partnerships such as mergers. The merger also results in increased bargaining power or net creditworthiness of the hospitals thus increasing their chances of securing loans from financial institutions to procure new technology or health care infrastructure.
The urge to increase the business market share or overcome competition is another force that is forcing hospitals to enter into mergers. Increased access to more markets is an essential strategy embraced used by organizations to enjoy increased revenue generated as well as the tax gains (Davis, 2012).
Currently, t ...
Strategic ThinkingExamine how strategic thinking and planning affe.pdfakkucomm
Strategic Thinking
Examine how strategic thinking and planning affect the internal and external environments
specific to Nursing Homes services by completing the following:
Identify and analyze the various elements that comprise your health care industry\'s trends and
policies.
Define and explain the economic and business conditions, premises, policies, and other related
forces that form the basis for generating change in Nursing Homes.
Identify and analyze specific issues revolving around health care management and policy
analysis specific to this organization.
Examine the different types of markets in the health care system and the determinants of supply
and demand in each market specific to the selected organization.
Your two-page report should contain an introduction and a conclusion. Resources and citations
should be formatted according to APA (6th edition) style and formatting.
Solution
1). health care industry\'s trends will exert significant impact on capital investments,allocation of
resources, innovation, and share of industry profits.these extraordinary achievements, the cost,
quality, and accessibility of health care have become major legislative and policy issues.
Substantial increases in the cost of health care have placed considerable stress on federal, state,
and household budgets, as well as the employment-based health insurance system. Health care
quality varies widely, even after controlling for cost, source of payment, and patient preferences.
Many Americans lack health insurance coverage at some point during any given year. The costs
of providing uncompensated care are a substantial burden for many health care providers, other
consumers, and tax payers.
2.the economic and business conditions, premises, policies, and other related forces that form the
basis for generating change in Nursing Homes business or reward suppliers that reduce costs or
enhance quality with substantially increased volume or higher payments. CMS has limited ability
to contract selectively with providers or use competitive bidding. Even straightforward
purchasing initiatives, such as competitive bidding for durable medical equipment (DME), have
generated considerable resistance, despite the success of a pilot project for DME competitive
bidding
3.issues revolving around health care management and policy analysis specific to this
organization
a). Health Care Expenditures Are Once Again Rising Dramatically
B. Health Care Quality Varies
c).Economy Typically Relies on Market Competition
4.different types of markets in the health care system and the determinants of supply and demand
in each market specific to the selected organization.
Competitive pressures for cost containment have spurred the development of new forms of
health care financing and delivery. Government payors have adopted new forms of payments for
health care providers to slow health care inflation. Private payors have adopted systems, such as
managed care and preferred provider organizati.
This paper compares 3 entities from 3 different types of health care financial environments, for-profit, not-for-profit, and government. It describes the financial structure of the different financial environments. It also identifies policies which are unique to each particular financial environment. It w identifies financial management practices prevalent in the different financial environments.
Legal and Ethical Issues Related to Psychiatric EmergenciesT.docxLaticiaGrissomzz
Legal and Ethical Issues Related to Psychiatric Emergencies
The diagnosis of psychiatric emergencies can include a wide range of problems—from serious drug reactions to abuse and suicidal ideation/behaviors. Regardless of care setting, the PMHNP must know how to address emergencies, coordinate care with other members of the health care team and law enforcement officials (when indicated), and effectively communicate with family members who are often overwhelmed in emergency situations. In their role, PMHNPs can ensure a smooth transition from emergency mental health care to follow-up care, and also bridge the physical–mental health divide in healthcare.
In this week’s Assignment, you explore legal and ethical issues surrounding psychiatric emergencies, and identify evidence-based suicide and violence risk assessments.
To Prepare
· Review this week’s Learning Resources and consider the insights they provide about psychiatric emergencies and the ethical and legal issues surrounding these events.
The Assignment
In 2–3 pages, address the following:
· Explain your state laws for involuntary psychiatric holds for child and adult psychiatric emergencies. Include who can hold a patient and for how long, who can release the emergency hold, and who can pick up the patient after a hold is released.
· Explain the differences among emergency hospitalization for evaluation/psychiatric hold, inpatient commitment, and outpatient commitment in your state.
· Explain the difference between capacity and competency in mental health contexts.
· Select one of the following topics, and explain one legal issue and one ethical issue related to this topic that may apply within the context of treating psychiatric emergencies: patient autonomy, EMTALA, confidentiality, HIPAA privacy rule, HIPAA security rule, protected information, legal gun ownership, career obstacles (security clearances/background checks), and payer source.
· Identify one evidence-based suicide risk assessment that you could use to screen patients.
· Identify one evidence-based violence risk assessment that you could use to screen patients.
Attach copies of or links to the suicide and violence risk assessments you selected.
NOTE: MY STATE IS ILLINOIS
2
Final Project : Policy Research and Organizational Analysis Report
Precious Teasley
Southern New Hampshire University
IHP-620-Q1591 Economic Principles- healthcare 22TW1
Dr. Scott
October 20, 2022
Introduction
The purpose of this report is to focus on economic principles and how they apply to the field of healthcare. Healthcare facilities need to make economic decisions because they need financial resources to run. They need economic consultants that will help in making strategic economic decisions that will guide healthcare facilities on where and how to spend their money (Hicks, 2020). This ensures that they are wise in their undertakings. This report focuses on Jackson Memorial Hospital, a facility that has more than 1,500 li.
This course is based on previous courses taken in the MSHA program.docxjuliennehar
This course is based on previous courses taken in the MSHA program.
In general, there will be no additional new readings, but rather the course will be based on the reading materials required in program core courses.
The program core courses are listed below. Please refer to the lists of readings as they appear on their respective course syllabus pages.
Again, these readings should refresh your memory on the course topics, and serve you in responding to the Case, SLP, and Discussion assignments.
In the modular Background materials pages, the instructor has identified the course readings most relevant to the Capstone modular topic(s).
Module 1
Module 2
Module 3
Module 4
MHA506 - Health Care System Organization
X
X
X
MHA507 - Health Care Delivery Systems
X
X
X
MHM525 - Marketing in Healthcare
X
MHM502 - Health Care Finance
X
MHM514 - Health Information Systems
X
MHM522 - Legal Aspects of Health Administration
X
Running Head: MARKETING PLAN1
MARKETING PLAN 4
Marketing Plan
Shaneya Acker
Dr. Eric Oestmann
MHM 525
Trident University International
April 27, 2019
Contents
Cover Letter3
Introduction4
Geographical location4
Historical background4
Marketing Goals and Objectives5
Market Analysis6
Environmental Analysis7
Political and Legal7
Social and Cultural7
Consumer Analysis8
SWOT8
Strengths8
Weaknesses9
Opportunities10
Threats10
Marketing and Promotion strategies10
Marketing and Promotion Strategies13
References16
Cover Letter
This paper presents a marketing plan for Continuum health partners. Continuum health partners is an organization based in the metropolitan area of New York US. The main aim of the organization is to coordinate the operations of its members to keep the organization financially solvent by controlling costs in the highly competitive industry (Pronk et al., 2015). The plan outlines various goals and objectives which will help the organization succeed. Goals are used as a road map for the organization to achieve its vision. The plan also presents a market analysis for the healthcare industry.
The plan also presents an environmental analysis of political and social issues affecting the organization. Politics and policy issues affect the healthcare industry in a big way. For instance, the Affordable Healthcare Act has been used in the US for a while. However, the new incumbent government has promised that they will replace this Act. Social and cultural factors significantly affect the quality of healthcare for a community. Most people in the US are educated and this helps them to understand the importance of staying healthy. The paper also presents a consumer analysis of the healthcare sector.
Various strengths, weakness, opportunities and threats facing the organization are also discussed in details. One of the main strengths of the organization is its geographical location which ensures that consumers can easily access health care services within the city. Finally, the paper explores ...
2
Healthcare Economics
Precious Teasley
Southern New Hampshire University
IHP-620-Q1591 Economic Principles- healthcare 22TW1
Dr. Scott
September 24,2022
Economic Theories and Principles
A.
Economic Disparities
The provision of healthcare requires financial resources. A healthcare organization needs to be financially stable for it to offer the needed healthcare services to its patients (Hicks, 2020). Jackson Memorial Hospital, despite being a non-profit organization, is financially stable and this implies that the facility can afford to offer the best quality healthcare services as well as research opportunities. When the facility is financially healthy, there is a demand of investing the excess money into new healthcare services so that patients can access more and better services. According to the demand theory, when there is more disposable income, there is an increased demand for more goods and services. In other words, the financial well-being of an organization affects its demand for services.
B.
Economic Theories
One of the most useful economic theories in the healthcare industry is the theory of demand and supply. According to this economic theory, the demand for a product will decline if the price goes up (Bender, 2020). Conversely, when the prices are high, the supply of a product is boosted but when prices drop, the supply is diminished. This theory is relevant to the field of healthcare, especially in chronic illnesses. For instance, if the supply of medicine for a particular disease decreases but the demand persists, then the price of the medicine will go up. The proponents of this theory argue that the level of demand and supply affect the prices of commodities in the market until the point of economic equilibrium is reached. This is true in the healthcare industry because there are situations where there is a shortage of particular drugs or services while the demand is high. This makes them expensive and inaccessible to many patients who require the services.
C.
Use of Economic Principles
Economic principles are important to organizations because they help in making informed decisions especially financially. For an organization to operate, it needs to invest in various areas where it intends to provide goods and services to its clients. In such cases, economic principles must be applied to determine the cost-benefit analysis of the potential investment. This helps to tell whether or not there will be a reasonable return on investment in whichever project an organization takes. If there is an indication that investment will be successful, resources should be provided for the project. In other words, economic principles play a key role in informing an organization about the chances of success or failure of what they want to do. For the best results to be achieved, a variety of economic principles such as the cost-benefit analysis and the SWOT analysis should be utilize.
Running Head: HEALTHCARE 1
HEALTHCARE 2
Hospital Mergers and Acquisitions
Joseph Toole
Public Health Policy Research
29 Oct 2016
Identify a legal issue confronting a healthcare policy from your state. Briefly describe the legal issue.
One of the legal issues that would affect the healthcare sector within the United States involves the hospital's mergers. The ever changing market, as well as business environment, has continued to force hospitals to enter into mergers without considering or adhering to all the set rules and regulation on mergers. Hospitals are obliged to merge due to various reasons. One of the goals that hospitals aim while establishing a merger the assumption that they are well placed financially when operating as one compared to operating individually (Feinstein, 2011). Other reason for embracing merger include, increased the need to lower the operation cost. In the modern society majority of the health care institutions are finding it hard to realize the set goals as well as remaining profitable.
Like other business are struggling, health care sector is not spared. Uncertain revenue flow has continued to halt hospital business while the certain operation costs have continued to increase every day. Over the past decades, hospitals were focusing more on efficient management and paying least attention or no attention on ways to maintain the operation costs as low as possible to ensure increased profitability (Feinstein, 2011). The unpredictable business environment has made revenue management a very complex task that if gotten wrong, many of business and hospitals are forced to close down or enter into a merger. The merger is seen as the only positive alternative by hospitals to ensure reduced burden on the scarce resources. Also, there is a general perception that mergers would help to reduce or control the operational costs effectively.
Need to share cost involved in acquired or stabling new and modern health care facility and technology is another reason why hospitals from mergers. The cost associated with new technology and modern infrastructure is huge. Thus the objective can only be achieved through partnerships such as mergers. The merger also results in increased bargaining power or net creditworthiness of the hospitals thus increasing their chances of securing loans from financial institutions to procure new technology or health care infrastructure.
The urge to increase the business market share or overcome competition is another force that is forcing hospitals to enter into mergers. Increased access to more markets is an essential strategy embraced used by organizations to enjoy increased revenue generated as well as the tax gains (Davis, 2012).
Currently, t ...
Strategic ThinkingExamine how strategic thinking and planning affe.pdfakkucomm
Strategic Thinking
Examine how strategic thinking and planning affect the internal and external environments
specific to Nursing Homes services by completing the following:
Identify and analyze the various elements that comprise your health care industry\'s trends and
policies.
Define and explain the economic and business conditions, premises, policies, and other related
forces that form the basis for generating change in Nursing Homes.
Identify and analyze specific issues revolving around health care management and policy
analysis specific to this organization.
Examine the different types of markets in the health care system and the determinants of supply
and demand in each market specific to the selected organization.
Your two-page report should contain an introduction and a conclusion. Resources and citations
should be formatted according to APA (6th edition) style and formatting.
Solution
1). health care industry\'s trends will exert significant impact on capital investments,allocation of
resources, innovation, and share of industry profits.these extraordinary achievements, the cost,
quality, and accessibility of health care have become major legislative and policy issues.
Substantial increases in the cost of health care have placed considerable stress on federal, state,
and household budgets, as well as the employment-based health insurance system. Health care
quality varies widely, even after controlling for cost, source of payment, and patient preferences.
Many Americans lack health insurance coverage at some point during any given year. The costs
of providing uncompensated care are a substantial burden for many health care providers, other
consumers, and tax payers.
2.the economic and business conditions, premises, policies, and other related forces that form the
basis for generating change in Nursing Homes business or reward suppliers that reduce costs or
enhance quality with substantially increased volume or higher payments. CMS has limited ability
to contract selectively with providers or use competitive bidding. Even straightforward
purchasing initiatives, such as competitive bidding for durable medical equipment (DME), have
generated considerable resistance, despite the success of a pilot project for DME competitive
bidding
3.issues revolving around health care management and policy analysis specific to this
organization
a). Health Care Expenditures Are Once Again Rising Dramatically
B. Health Care Quality Varies
c).Economy Typically Relies on Market Competition
4.different types of markets in the health care system and the determinants of supply and demand
in each market specific to the selected organization.
Competitive pressures for cost containment have spurred the development of new forms of
health care financing and delivery. Government payors have adopted new forms of payments for
health care providers to slow health care inflation. Private payors have adopted systems, such as
managed care and preferred provider organizati.
Healthcare Financial Transformation: Five Leading StrategiesHealth Catalyst
Healthcare financial transformation—improving care delivery while lowering costs—has been an ongoing challenge for health systems in the era of value-based care and an even more prominent concern amid COVID-19. While better care and reduced expense to organizations and consumers might seem like opposing goals, by understanding the true cost of services and other drivers of expense, organizations can successfully manage costs while maintaining, and even improving, care delivery. To that end, health systems can use data- and analytics-driven tools and strategies to addresses financial challenges, including uncompensated care, prolonged accounts receivable days, discharged not final billed cases, inefficient resource use, and more.
Marketing Matrix For-Profit and Not-For-Profit He.docxalfredacavx97
Marketing Matrix:
For-Profit and Not-For-Profit Health Care Organizations
Contrast between For-profit and not-for profit healthcare organizations
Aspect of Comparison
For-profit health care organization
Not-for profit health care organization
Level of centralization
For profit healthcare is majorly decentralized and decisions are made by individuals under the authority of directors and other employees in the managerial positions. The implementation of policies is not subject to the approval of those in senior managerial positions (Eiland, 2015). There is lack of uniformity in policies implemented in various subsidiaries of for-profit healthcare organizations.
There is a high centralization of decision making in which subsidiary hospitals are not permitted to formulate policies affecting their activities without the approval of agencies such as regulatory bodies, government departments, or healthcare secretaries. There is consistency of policies affecting practices in all not-for profit organizations.
Levels of Access to capital markets
There is low chance of access to capital market due to restrictions and barriers to private firms that operate for-profit healthcare organizations. The operators of for-profit health care organizations have to comply with a number of terms and conditions before accessing loans, grants, or bonds for improvement of their services (Paul III, Godby, Saldanha, Valle & Coustasse, 2016).
The likelihood or the ability to access the capital markets funds is high due to few restrictions. Most not-for profit organizations also get loans and grants at subsidized interest rates (Shugarman, Nicosia & Schuster, 2007). A significant amount of funds for operation are provided by the government.
Strategic marketing differences
The marketing activities focus on improving the welfare of the organizations such as high returns on investments, increase in the number of patients who seek their services, and increased market share. The strategic marketing activities are aimed at achieving a competitive advantage over other health care providers in a region. Marketing is done using private funds.
The strategic marketing activities are focused on increasing public health quality such as by increasing accessibility to healthcare services. Marketing activities are also aimed to promoting the affordability of health care services provided to residents of lower economic status in order to improve their health. Marketing is usually done using public funds.
Quality Attributes
The quality of services is usually high due to the need to increase competitiveness and comply with the quality standards expected of a health care organization (Shugarman, Nicosia & Schuster, 2007). The quality of services is also high because most organizations aim at achieving customer satisfaction and retention.
The quality of services is usually not high when compared with for-profit health care services because of lack of profit drive and lack of accounta.
Exploring New Sources of Revenue for Health: Filling the GapHFG Project
Resource Type: Brief
Authors: Jose Carlos Gutierrez, Sharon Nakhimovsky, Carlos Avila
Published: 04/01/2015
Resource Description:
In lower middle-income countries, many questions remain around how to scale up health systems to reach Universal Health Coverage. Where will the money come from; what financing mechanisms are available to policymakers; and what are the trade-offs that must be taken into account? This brief highlights the key questions and findings behind HFG’s technical report, “Domestic Innovative Financing for Health: Learning from Country Experience.” The report provides a framework for analyzing innovative options for raising additional revenue for health and reviews different countries’ experiences with each option. In the context of this report, “innovative” options are those that are new for a country and generate additional resources for the health sector. The successes and failures of these approaches provide food for thought as policymakers seek to leverage more resources for health. The full report is also available for download. - https://www.hfgproject.org/brief-exploring-new-sources-of-revenue-for-health/
Running Head HEALTH CARE MARKETING ORGANIZATIONHEALTH CARE MAR.docxcowinhelen
Running Head: HEALTH CARE MARKETING ORGANIZATION
HEALTH CARE MARKETING ORGANIZATION
Healthcare Marketing Organization
Dakota Lupton
Southern New Hampshire University
09/02/2016
Health Care Marketing Organization
Health care organizations are meant to provide good health services to the public and ensure that the public's health status is good. Healthcare Corporation of America is one of those institutions that are aimed at improving the health situation of the residents of United States of America. HCA started back in the year 1968 by Dr. Thomas Frist, and it is located in Nashville. The organizations own some hospitals and other health care facilities that are run by professionals. HCA has been a place where most patients who need surgery go to since it is known for the services that it provides (Lorsch & Young, 1990).
Mission, Vision, and Goals
The organizations have its mission and vision and goals that are the driving force for the organization's success. HCA's mission is that they are committed to improving the life and also to care, and this is what enables them to provide high-quality and cost-efficient services to the community that they serve. The goal of HCA is to transform healthcare and help the communities thrive. HCA offers one of the best health care services regarding the surgery and the treatment that the patients receive from the organization. Apart from improving the health of the community HCA has also contributed to the society by donating some money to ensure that the community also benefits from the organization.
Existing Issue in the organization
HCA owns many hospitals and surgery centers which are to ensure that the residents receive excellent and affordable services. The group has experienced some challenges where the patients have complained that they are not being treated as they deserve. The organization has also been forced to pay some money owing to experiences of whistleblowing. The team has been accused of fraud as the party involved could not explain where HCA got its funding from.
Service Price and Placement in the Market
HCA was ranked number seventy-nine among the many healthcare organizations due to its best services. The agency profits from the services it offers and it also has shares that sustain the team. HCA has used its professionals to partner with some business groups to ensure that they provide health care services that are affordable to the residents. These institutions that have partnered with HCA has enabled the health care to grow and provide care to the nearby communities and thus improved the health of the nearby residents.
Cause of the challenge facing HCA
The challenge that HCA has faced is making the outsiders know that their money they get and use to provide excellent healthcare services is clean money. Outsiders believe that the organizations have obtained finances illegally from the residents and the government institutions, and this has caused HCA to ...
1.Assess the main steps involved in developing an effective stra.docxKiyokoSlagleis
1.
Assess the main steps involved in developing an effective strategic plan. Discuss how the steps may differ for a health care organization compared to another industry.
2.
Evaluate the key factors involved in SHEEPED (socioeconomic factors, health care resources and utilization, epidemiological factors, economic factors, political factors, environmental factors, and demographic factors) and their important role in strategic planning. Discuss why it is important for one to consider and include each factor.
.
1.Choose one of the critical steps to building a secure organi.docxKiyokoSlagleis
1.
Choose one of the critical steps to building a secure organization. In 350- to 700-words, explain how and why this step is used in an organization to protect information assets.
2.
In 350- to 700-words, discuss the challenges that leaders and security professionals encounter when trying to balance policy, training, and technology to secure organization information systems.
APA Formatting
Please provide three scholarly references.
.
1.Briefly summarize the purpose of the implementation phase in SDLC..docxKiyokoSlagleis
1.Briefly summarize the purpose of the implementation phase in SDLC. Explain why it exists and what it contributes to the completion of the system.
3.Explain the role and interests of the project champion, organizational management, and end users regarding a new system project. How will each impact the organizational feasibility of the project?
4.What are the three fundamental analysis strategies? Compare and contrast the outcomes of each strategy.
5.What are the four types of use cases? When are each used?
6.Requirements’ gathering is an important phase in a project. Discuss requirements gathering techniques and some advantages and disadvantages of each.
7.Define “scope creep” and discuss how a project manager can avoid it.
9.Describe the following object-oriented programming terms:
Encapsulation
Inheritance
Polymorphism
.
1.Choose four standard corporate executive positions and des.docxKiyokoSlagleis
1.
Choose
four standard corporate executive positions and
describe
their roles on the IT Steering Committee.
2.
Explain the relationship
between the IT architecture and the IT Roadmap used in the IT Strategic Plan.
3.
Different kinds of personnel are required to staff an IT department depending on their IT strategy.
For the two organizations below
, identify four IT positions
that are most important in each organization and
why
.
a.
An organization whose IT strategy is to outsource as much of their IT as possible, and
b.
An organization whose IT strategy is to develop proprietary, in-house applications that directly support their business and operation.
4.
Explain
what business continuity planning is,
who should create the plan
, and the
role of IT
.
5.
Explain what it means to say that the “IT Strategic Plan is aligned to the business Strategic Plan”.
6.
Explain risk management
and
what it
means to the CIO.
7.
Give an example
of a tangible (quantifiable)
and
an intangible (qualitative) performance measure and
discuss the value of each
.
8.
The CIO is responsible for the business rules or requirements that generate a new system or changes to the existing system.
How is his/her role responsible for these changes
?
9.
What is change management and how does it relate to the IT organization?
.
1.An eassy talk about ethics by a ethics song. You can find a ethics.docxKiyokoSlagleis
1.An eassy talk about ethics by a ethics song. You can find a ethics song on youtube
2.
but please think deeply about meaning. I have attached an example. Notice that I used specific words to describe fairness in justice. You will recieve less than two points if you do not comprehend and use correctly words such as proportional fairness. doc
.
1.A school psychologist strongly believes a particular child is .docxKiyokoSlagleis
1.
A school psychologist strongly believes a particular child is in need of special services. What is the psychologist trying to control for if he or she uses the most recently normed test available?
2.
What are two benefits of the WASI?
3.
Identify three improvements of the WAIS-IV over the WAIS-III.
4.
Provide one advantage and one disadvantage of group-administered intelligence tests.
5.
Give three examples of extra-test behavior on an ability test.
6.
Name three recommended uses for the Woodcock-Johnson III.
7.
Name three things that would be included in the best approach to diagnosing a specific learning ability.
8.
What is the purpose of empirical criterion keying?
9.
Identify two functions of validity scales on personality tests.
10.
Identify a criticism of the MMPI that contributed to the need for developing the MMPI-2. Identify a criticism of the MMPI-2.What is the purpose of the inquiry stage of the administration of the Rorschach test?
11.
What is the purpose of the inquiry stage of the administration of the Rorschach test?
12.
Identify three criticisms of projective tests.
13.
What principle do assessors utilize when interpreting the TAT?
14.
Give an example of a behavioral assessment approach.
15.
What does a mental status exam assess?
16.
Give an example of the Barnum effect.
17.
Why is it recommended to utilize the BDI-II with other tests?
18.
What are three things that the Tower of Hanoi measures?
19.
Give an example of a performance assessment.
20.
What is an assessment center and what is it utilized for?
Essay Questions
The essay questions below are worth 10 points each.
1.
Compare and contrast two established personality assessments discussed in the course. Include in your discussion strengths and limitations of each measure.
2.
Throughout the course, issues related to cultural diversity have been addressed. Identify one intelligence, educational, or personality measure and describe its strengths and weaknesses as it relates to diversity.
3.
Identify and describe at least three ethical dilemmas or responsibilities a psychological assessor may face.
.
1.Choose one stanza from Aaron Abeytas thirteen ways of looking .docxKiyokoSlagleis
1.
Choose one stanza from Aaron Abeyta's "thirteen ways of looking at a tortilla", and explain how it parodies another poem. What do you notice about this particular stanza. What makes it humorous, or witty, or ambiguous, insightful, etc. (Note, just choose one stanza, not the whole poem.)
2.
Choose one poem from Chapter 14 that you identify with, or seem to have a connection to. Why do you like this poem? Explain in depth what you like or identify with, and include textual evidence from the poem.
3.
Your textbook authors put the terms
translation
and
parody
together in the same chapter (Chapter 15). Why do you think this is? What are the connections between translation and parody? How do they relate to each other?
the material is the peom from chapter 14
.
1.A psychologist is interested in learning more about how childr.docxKiyokoSlagleis
1.
A psychologist is interested in learning more about how children interact with each other during the school day. The psychologist is particularly interested in discovering the ways in which children behave when they do
n
o
t think they
a
re being watched. What research method would be best used to conduct this type of research, and why? What ethical concerns might be an issue in this type of research?
.
1.A school psychologist strongly believes a particular child i.docxKiyokoSlagleis
1.
A school psychologist strongly believes a particular child is in need of special services. What is the psychologist trying to control for if he or she uses the most recently normed test available?
2.
What are two benefits of the WASI?
3.
Identify three improvements of the WAIS-IV over the WAIS-III.
4.
Provide one advantage and one disadvantage of group-administered intelligence tests.
5.
Give three examples of extra-test behavior on an ability test.
6.
Name three recommended uses for the Woodcock-Johnson III.
7.
Name three things that would be included in the best approach to diagnosing a specific learning ability.
8.
What is the purpose of empirical criterion keying?
9.
Identify two functions of validity scales on personality tests.
10.
Identify a criticism of the MMPI that contributed to the need for developing the MMPI-2. Identify a criticism of the MMPI-2.What is the purpose of the inquiry stage of the administration of the Rorschach test?
11.
What is the purpose of the inquiry stage of the administration of the Rorschach test?
12.
Identify three criticisms of projective tests.
13.
What principle do assessors utilize when interpreting the TAT?
14.
Give an example of a behavioral assessment approach.
15.
What does a mental status exam assess?
16.
Give an example of the Barnum effect.
17.
Why is it recommended to utilize the BDI-II with other tests?
18.
What are three things that the Tower of Hanoi measures?
19.
Give an example of a performance assessment.
20.
What is an assessment center and what is it utilized for?
Essay Questions
The essay questions below are worth 10 points each.
1.
Compare and contrast two established personality assessments discussed in the course. Include in your discussion strengths and limitations of each measure.
2.
Throughout the course, issues related to cultural diversity have been addressed. Identify one intelligence, educational, or personality measure and describe its strengths and weaknesses as it relates to diversity.
3.
Identify and describe at least three ethical dilemmas or responsibilities a psychological assessor may face.
.
1.According to the NIST, what were the reasons for the collapse of.docxKiyokoSlagleis
1.
According to the NIST, what were the reasons for the collapse of the Twin Towers on September 11, 2001? List and explain a minimum of four of the reasons given in the NIST report.
Your response should be at least 200 words in length. You are required to use at least your textbook as source material for your response. All sources used, including the textbook, must be referenced; paraphrased and quoted material must have accompanying citations.
2.
Discuss the various collapse types and the indicators that firefighters must be aware of while operating on scene of an emergency. Include the dangers associated with each type of building construction and the importance of collapse zones during response and mitigation efforts.
Your response should be at least 200 words in length. You are required to use at least your textbook as source material for your response. All sources used, including the textbook, must be referenced; paraphrased and quoted material must have accompanying citations
.
1.5 page for thisPlease review the Case Study introduction present.docxKiyokoSlagleis
1.5 page for this
Please review the Case Study introduction presented below...and provide a one to two page input on your thoughts relative this event. Please submit your input as a word document format (.doc). Please remember to cite the sources for your research.
Case Study - "Hubble Trouble":
Some years ago work began on the development of the Hubble Space Telescope....which was placed into low earth orbit in 1990.
The capability provided by the Hubble Space Telescope is a historic prescedent for mankind.....vis a vis the advanced imaging of the cosmos.....from a vantage point in space....free from image distortion caused by the earth's atmosphere.
Considerable care and planning was associated with the development of this complex space based instrument.
Unfortunately, the Hubble Space Telescope experienced several delays and cost over-runs.
The deployment of the Hubble Space Telescope was further delayed due to the un-related loss of the Space Shuttle Challenger.
Once the Hubble Space Telescope was ultimately deployed it was discovered that the telescope suffered from a significant optics error in the development of it's primary reflecting mirror.
Fortunately, a team was able to develop a solution to address this error....at considerable additional expense....and opportunity loss (vis a vis...the re-allocation of space shuttle missions to implement the solution....).
Questions:
What went wrong in the development of the Hubble Space Telescope ?
What was the impact / consequences associated with this error ?
What actions did the Hubble Space Telescope development team employ to preclude the problem from happening ?
Why weren't the actions that the team employed sufficient to prevent this embarassing problem from occuring ?
What Systems Engineering processes / actions should the James Webb Space Telescope development team consider employing to preclude such a problem from occuring in this successor space telescope ?
1.5 pagr for sumurry and
use the calculations in your summary for case study in fracture
.
1.) What is Mills response to the objection that happiness cannot b.docxKiyokoSlagleis
1.) What is Mill's response to the objection that happiness cannot be the rational purpose of life?
2.) What is Mill's view on "all the grand sources…of human suffering?"
3.) What is Mill's view of self-sacrifice?
4.) Why would someone object that the disinterested character and promotion of general welfare that utilitarianism demands is unreasonable to expect?
5.) What is Mill's response to the objection that the disinterested character and promotion of general welfare that utilitarianism demands is unreasonable to expect?
6.) Explain the objection that utilitarianism renders men cold and unsympathizing. What is Mill's reponse?
7.) Explain the objection that utilitarianism is a doctrine of expediency. What is Mill's response?
8.) Why would someone object that utilitarianism is flawed because there is not time to calculate consequences?
.
1.Add an example or evidence for each reasons ( i listd )why the use.docxKiyokoSlagleis
1.Add an example or evidence for each reasons ( i listd )why the use of animals in research is good ,and also add a example or evidence for that is not good .And write more sentences to make it persuasively for the thesis.(explain why is imortant to society)
2.Change the APA style to MLA style.
3.Add more sentences in conclusion
.
1.1. Some of the most serious abuses taking place in developing .docxKiyokoSlagleis
1.
1. Some of the most serious abuses taking place in developing countries deal with child labor, human slavery, sweatshops, bad governance, and environmental degradation. Select one (1) developing country, and examine the extent to which two (2) of these five (5) issues are occurring. Support your response with specific examples.
2.
2.
Select one (1) developing country, and discuss the fundamental actions that the leadership of the selected country is — or is not — taking to improve the living standards of its people. Next, using this same country, cite one (1) specific example of progress or regress that its government is making in terms of the economy, the political system, and the environment.
.
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Marketing Matrix For-Profit and Not-For-Profit He.docxalfredacavx97
Marketing Matrix:
For-Profit and Not-For-Profit Health Care Organizations
Contrast between For-profit and not-for profit healthcare organizations
Aspect of Comparison
For-profit health care organization
Not-for profit health care organization
Level of centralization
For profit healthcare is majorly decentralized and decisions are made by individuals under the authority of directors and other employees in the managerial positions. The implementation of policies is not subject to the approval of those in senior managerial positions (Eiland, 2015). There is lack of uniformity in policies implemented in various subsidiaries of for-profit healthcare organizations.
There is a high centralization of decision making in which subsidiary hospitals are not permitted to formulate policies affecting their activities without the approval of agencies such as regulatory bodies, government departments, or healthcare secretaries. There is consistency of policies affecting practices in all not-for profit organizations.
Levels of Access to capital markets
There is low chance of access to capital market due to restrictions and barriers to private firms that operate for-profit healthcare organizations. The operators of for-profit health care organizations have to comply with a number of terms and conditions before accessing loans, grants, or bonds for improvement of their services (Paul III, Godby, Saldanha, Valle & Coustasse, 2016).
The likelihood or the ability to access the capital markets funds is high due to few restrictions. Most not-for profit organizations also get loans and grants at subsidized interest rates (Shugarman, Nicosia & Schuster, 2007). A significant amount of funds for operation are provided by the government.
Strategic marketing differences
The marketing activities focus on improving the welfare of the organizations such as high returns on investments, increase in the number of patients who seek their services, and increased market share. The strategic marketing activities are aimed at achieving a competitive advantage over other health care providers in a region. Marketing is done using private funds.
The strategic marketing activities are focused on increasing public health quality such as by increasing accessibility to healthcare services. Marketing activities are also aimed to promoting the affordability of health care services provided to residents of lower economic status in order to improve their health. Marketing is usually done using public funds.
Quality Attributes
The quality of services is usually high due to the need to increase competitiveness and comply with the quality standards expected of a health care organization (Shugarman, Nicosia & Schuster, 2007). The quality of services is also high because most organizations aim at achieving customer satisfaction and retention.
The quality of services is usually not high when compared with for-profit health care services because of lack of profit drive and lack of accounta.
Exploring New Sources of Revenue for Health: Filling the GapHFG Project
Resource Type: Brief
Authors: Jose Carlos Gutierrez, Sharon Nakhimovsky, Carlos Avila
Published: 04/01/2015
Resource Description:
In lower middle-income countries, many questions remain around how to scale up health systems to reach Universal Health Coverage. Where will the money come from; what financing mechanisms are available to policymakers; and what are the trade-offs that must be taken into account? This brief highlights the key questions and findings behind HFG’s technical report, “Domestic Innovative Financing for Health: Learning from Country Experience.” The report provides a framework for analyzing innovative options for raising additional revenue for health and reviews different countries’ experiences with each option. In the context of this report, “innovative” options are those that are new for a country and generate additional resources for the health sector. The successes and failures of these approaches provide food for thought as policymakers seek to leverage more resources for health. The full report is also available for download. - https://www.hfgproject.org/brief-exploring-new-sources-of-revenue-for-health/
Running Head HEALTH CARE MARKETING ORGANIZATIONHEALTH CARE MAR.docxcowinhelen
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HEALTH CARE MARKETING ORGANIZATION
Healthcare Marketing Organization
Dakota Lupton
Southern New Hampshire University
09/02/2016
Health Care Marketing Organization
Health care organizations are meant to provide good health services to the public and ensure that the public's health status is good. Healthcare Corporation of America is one of those institutions that are aimed at improving the health situation of the residents of United States of America. HCA started back in the year 1968 by Dr. Thomas Frist, and it is located in Nashville. The organizations own some hospitals and other health care facilities that are run by professionals. HCA has been a place where most patients who need surgery go to since it is known for the services that it provides (Lorsch & Young, 1990).
Mission, Vision, and Goals
The organizations have its mission and vision and goals that are the driving force for the organization's success. HCA's mission is that they are committed to improving the life and also to care, and this is what enables them to provide high-quality and cost-efficient services to the community that they serve. The goal of HCA is to transform healthcare and help the communities thrive. HCA offers one of the best health care services regarding the surgery and the treatment that the patients receive from the organization. Apart from improving the health of the community HCA has also contributed to the society by donating some money to ensure that the community also benefits from the organization.
Existing Issue in the organization
HCA owns many hospitals and surgery centers which are to ensure that the residents receive excellent and affordable services. The group has experienced some challenges where the patients have complained that they are not being treated as they deserve. The organization has also been forced to pay some money owing to experiences of whistleblowing. The team has been accused of fraud as the party involved could not explain where HCA got its funding from.
Service Price and Placement in the Market
HCA was ranked number seventy-nine among the many healthcare organizations due to its best services. The agency profits from the services it offers and it also has shares that sustain the team. HCA has used its professionals to partner with some business groups to ensure that they provide health care services that are affordable to the residents. These institutions that have partnered with HCA has enabled the health care to grow and provide care to the nearby communities and thus improved the health of the nearby residents.
Cause of the challenge facing HCA
The challenge that HCA has faced is making the outsiders know that their money they get and use to provide excellent healthcare services is clean money. Outsiders believe that the organizations have obtained finances illegally from the residents and the government institutions, and this has caused HCA to ...
1.Assess the main steps involved in developing an effective stra.docxKiyokoSlagleis
1.
Assess the main steps involved in developing an effective strategic plan. Discuss how the steps may differ for a health care organization compared to another industry.
2.
Evaluate the key factors involved in SHEEPED (socioeconomic factors, health care resources and utilization, epidemiological factors, economic factors, political factors, environmental factors, and demographic factors) and their important role in strategic planning. Discuss why it is important for one to consider and include each factor.
.
1.Choose one of the critical steps to building a secure organi.docxKiyokoSlagleis
1.
Choose one of the critical steps to building a secure organization. In 350- to 700-words, explain how and why this step is used in an organization to protect information assets.
2.
In 350- to 700-words, discuss the challenges that leaders and security professionals encounter when trying to balance policy, training, and technology to secure organization information systems.
APA Formatting
Please provide three scholarly references.
.
1.Briefly summarize the purpose of the implementation phase in SDLC..docxKiyokoSlagleis
1.Briefly summarize the purpose of the implementation phase in SDLC. Explain why it exists and what it contributes to the completion of the system.
3.Explain the role and interests of the project champion, organizational management, and end users regarding a new system project. How will each impact the organizational feasibility of the project?
4.What are the three fundamental analysis strategies? Compare and contrast the outcomes of each strategy.
5.What are the four types of use cases? When are each used?
6.Requirements’ gathering is an important phase in a project. Discuss requirements gathering techniques and some advantages and disadvantages of each.
7.Define “scope creep” and discuss how a project manager can avoid it.
9.Describe the following object-oriented programming terms:
Encapsulation
Inheritance
Polymorphism
.
1.Choose four standard corporate executive positions and des.docxKiyokoSlagleis
1.
Choose
four standard corporate executive positions and
describe
their roles on the IT Steering Committee.
2.
Explain the relationship
between the IT architecture and the IT Roadmap used in the IT Strategic Plan.
3.
Different kinds of personnel are required to staff an IT department depending on their IT strategy.
For the two organizations below
, identify four IT positions
that are most important in each organization and
why
.
a.
An organization whose IT strategy is to outsource as much of their IT as possible, and
b.
An organization whose IT strategy is to develop proprietary, in-house applications that directly support their business and operation.
4.
Explain
what business continuity planning is,
who should create the plan
, and the
role of IT
.
5.
Explain what it means to say that the “IT Strategic Plan is aligned to the business Strategic Plan”.
6.
Explain risk management
and
what it
means to the CIO.
7.
Give an example
of a tangible (quantifiable)
and
an intangible (qualitative) performance measure and
discuss the value of each
.
8.
The CIO is responsible for the business rules or requirements that generate a new system or changes to the existing system.
How is his/her role responsible for these changes
?
9.
What is change management and how does it relate to the IT organization?
.
1.An eassy talk about ethics by a ethics song. You can find a ethics.docxKiyokoSlagleis
1.An eassy talk about ethics by a ethics song. You can find a ethics song on youtube
2.
but please think deeply about meaning. I have attached an example. Notice that I used specific words to describe fairness in justice. You will recieve less than two points if you do not comprehend and use correctly words such as proportional fairness. doc
.
1.A school psychologist strongly believes a particular child is .docxKiyokoSlagleis
1.
A school psychologist strongly believes a particular child is in need of special services. What is the psychologist trying to control for if he or she uses the most recently normed test available?
2.
What are two benefits of the WASI?
3.
Identify three improvements of the WAIS-IV over the WAIS-III.
4.
Provide one advantage and one disadvantage of group-administered intelligence tests.
5.
Give three examples of extra-test behavior on an ability test.
6.
Name three recommended uses for the Woodcock-Johnson III.
7.
Name three things that would be included in the best approach to diagnosing a specific learning ability.
8.
What is the purpose of empirical criterion keying?
9.
Identify two functions of validity scales on personality tests.
10.
Identify a criticism of the MMPI that contributed to the need for developing the MMPI-2. Identify a criticism of the MMPI-2.What is the purpose of the inquiry stage of the administration of the Rorschach test?
11.
What is the purpose of the inquiry stage of the administration of the Rorschach test?
12.
Identify three criticisms of projective tests.
13.
What principle do assessors utilize when interpreting the TAT?
14.
Give an example of a behavioral assessment approach.
15.
What does a mental status exam assess?
16.
Give an example of the Barnum effect.
17.
Why is it recommended to utilize the BDI-II with other tests?
18.
What are three things that the Tower of Hanoi measures?
19.
Give an example of a performance assessment.
20.
What is an assessment center and what is it utilized for?
Essay Questions
The essay questions below are worth 10 points each.
1.
Compare and contrast two established personality assessments discussed in the course. Include in your discussion strengths and limitations of each measure.
2.
Throughout the course, issues related to cultural diversity have been addressed. Identify one intelligence, educational, or personality measure and describe its strengths and weaknesses as it relates to diversity.
3.
Identify and describe at least three ethical dilemmas or responsibilities a psychological assessor may face.
.
1.Choose one stanza from Aaron Abeytas thirteen ways of looking .docxKiyokoSlagleis
1.
Choose one stanza from Aaron Abeyta's "thirteen ways of looking at a tortilla", and explain how it parodies another poem. What do you notice about this particular stanza. What makes it humorous, or witty, or ambiguous, insightful, etc. (Note, just choose one stanza, not the whole poem.)
2.
Choose one poem from Chapter 14 that you identify with, or seem to have a connection to. Why do you like this poem? Explain in depth what you like or identify with, and include textual evidence from the poem.
3.
Your textbook authors put the terms
translation
and
parody
together in the same chapter (Chapter 15). Why do you think this is? What are the connections between translation and parody? How do they relate to each other?
the material is the peom from chapter 14
.
1.A psychologist is interested in learning more about how childr.docxKiyokoSlagleis
1.
A psychologist is interested in learning more about how children interact with each other during the school day. The psychologist is particularly interested in discovering the ways in which children behave when they do
n
o
t think they
a
re being watched. What research method would be best used to conduct this type of research, and why? What ethical concerns might be an issue in this type of research?
.
1.A school psychologist strongly believes a particular child i.docxKiyokoSlagleis
1.
A school psychologist strongly believes a particular child is in need of special services. What is the psychologist trying to control for if he or she uses the most recently normed test available?
2.
What are two benefits of the WASI?
3.
Identify three improvements of the WAIS-IV over the WAIS-III.
4.
Provide one advantage and one disadvantage of group-administered intelligence tests.
5.
Give three examples of extra-test behavior on an ability test.
6.
Name three recommended uses for the Woodcock-Johnson III.
7.
Name three things that would be included in the best approach to diagnosing a specific learning ability.
8.
What is the purpose of empirical criterion keying?
9.
Identify two functions of validity scales on personality tests.
10.
Identify a criticism of the MMPI that contributed to the need for developing the MMPI-2. Identify a criticism of the MMPI-2.What is the purpose of the inquiry stage of the administration of the Rorschach test?
11.
What is the purpose of the inquiry stage of the administration of the Rorschach test?
12.
Identify three criticisms of projective tests.
13.
What principle do assessors utilize when interpreting the TAT?
14.
Give an example of a behavioral assessment approach.
15.
What does a mental status exam assess?
16.
Give an example of the Barnum effect.
17.
Why is it recommended to utilize the BDI-II with other tests?
18.
What are three things that the Tower of Hanoi measures?
19.
Give an example of a performance assessment.
20.
What is an assessment center and what is it utilized for?
Essay Questions
The essay questions below are worth 10 points each.
1.
Compare and contrast two established personality assessments discussed in the course. Include in your discussion strengths and limitations of each measure.
2.
Throughout the course, issues related to cultural diversity have been addressed. Identify one intelligence, educational, or personality measure and describe its strengths and weaknesses as it relates to diversity.
3.
Identify and describe at least three ethical dilemmas or responsibilities a psychological assessor may face.
.
1.According to the NIST, what were the reasons for the collapse of.docxKiyokoSlagleis
1.
According to the NIST, what were the reasons for the collapse of the Twin Towers on September 11, 2001? List and explain a minimum of four of the reasons given in the NIST report.
Your response should be at least 200 words in length. You are required to use at least your textbook as source material for your response. All sources used, including the textbook, must be referenced; paraphrased and quoted material must have accompanying citations.
2.
Discuss the various collapse types and the indicators that firefighters must be aware of while operating on scene of an emergency. Include the dangers associated with each type of building construction and the importance of collapse zones during response and mitigation efforts.
Your response should be at least 200 words in length. You are required to use at least your textbook as source material for your response. All sources used, including the textbook, must be referenced; paraphrased and quoted material must have accompanying citations
.
1.5 page for thisPlease review the Case Study introduction present.docxKiyokoSlagleis
1.5 page for this
Please review the Case Study introduction presented below...and provide a one to two page input on your thoughts relative this event. Please submit your input as a word document format (.doc). Please remember to cite the sources for your research.
Case Study - "Hubble Trouble":
Some years ago work began on the development of the Hubble Space Telescope....which was placed into low earth orbit in 1990.
The capability provided by the Hubble Space Telescope is a historic prescedent for mankind.....vis a vis the advanced imaging of the cosmos.....from a vantage point in space....free from image distortion caused by the earth's atmosphere.
Considerable care and planning was associated with the development of this complex space based instrument.
Unfortunately, the Hubble Space Telescope experienced several delays and cost over-runs.
The deployment of the Hubble Space Telescope was further delayed due to the un-related loss of the Space Shuttle Challenger.
Once the Hubble Space Telescope was ultimately deployed it was discovered that the telescope suffered from a significant optics error in the development of it's primary reflecting mirror.
Fortunately, a team was able to develop a solution to address this error....at considerable additional expense....and opportunity loss (vis a vis...the re-allocation of space shuttle missions to implement the solution....).
Questions:
What went wrong in the development of the Hubble Space Telescope ?
What was the impact / consequences associated with this error ?
What actions did the Hubble Space Telescope development team employ to preclude the problem from happening ?
Why weren't the actions that the team employed sufficient to prevent this embarassing problem from occuring ?
What Systems Engineering processes / actions should the James Webb Space Telescope development team consider employing to preclude such a problem from occuring in this successor space telescope ?
1.5 pagr for sumurry and
use the calculations in your summary for case study in fracture
.
1.) What is Mills response to the objection that happiness cannot b.docxKiyokoSlagleis
1.) What is Mill's response to the objection that happiness cannot be the rational purpose of life?
2.) What is Mill's view on "all the grand sources…of human suffering?"
3.) What is Mill's view of self-sacrifice?
4.) Why would someone object that the disinterested character and promotion of general welfare that utilitarianism demands is unreasonable to expect?
5.) What is Mill's response to the objection that the disinterested character and promotion of general welfare that utilitarianism demands is unreasonable to expect?
6.) Explain the objection that utilitarianism renders men cold and unsympathizing. What is Mill's reponse?
7.) Explain the objection that utilitarianism is a doctrine of expediency. What is Mill's response?
8.) Why would someone object that utilitarianism is flawed because there is not time to calculate consequences?
.
1.Add an example or evidence for each reasons ( i listd )why the use.docxKiyokoSlagleis
1.Add an example or evidence for each reasons ( i listd )why the use of animals in research is good ,and also add a example or evidence for that is not good .And write more sentences to make it persuasively for the thesis.(explain why is imortant to society)
2.Change the APA style to MLA style.
3.Add more sentences in conclusion
.
1.1. Some of the most serious abuses taking place in developing .docxKiyokoSlagleis
1.
1. Some of the most serious abuses taking place in developing countries deal with child labor, human slavery, sweatshops, bad governance, and environmental degradation. Select one (1) developing country, and examine the extent to which two (2) of these five (5) issues are occurring. Support your response with specific examples.
2.
2.
Select one (1) developing country, and discuss the fundamental actions that the leadership of the selected country is — or is not — taking to improve the living standards of its people. Next, using this same country, cite one (1) specific example of progress or regress that its government is making in terms of the economy, the political system, and the environment.
.
1.A population of grasshoppers in the Kansas prairie has two col.docxKiyokoSlagleis
1.
A population of grasshoppers in the Kansas prairie has two color phenotypes, green and brown. Typically, the prairie receives adequate water to maintain healthy, green grass. Assume a bird that eats grasshoppers moves into the prairie. How will this affect natural selection of the grasshoppers? How might this change in a drought year?
2.
You are a writer for “Consumer Reports” magazine and you are asked to design an experiment to evaluate the effectiveness of three brands of whitening strips for teeth.
Describe how you would do this using the Scientific Method. Include all of the steps, controls and variables.
3.
Viruses are not considered to be living organisms.
Name 4 characteristics you could identify to distinguish living organisms from viruses.
4.
Explain the process of cell division in animals.
Include a description of
interphase, mitosis and cytokinesis.
5.
Suppose someone presented data from their research that showed the DNA of a newly discovered species was composed of: 30% adenine, 30% guanine, 20% thymine, 20% cytosine. Based on what you know about DNA structure, explain why these data do not make sense.
6.
What are the differences between a covalent bond and an ionic bond?
7
.
Water is crucial for life as we know it. One of the most important characteristics of water is its ability to act as a solvent.
Explain why water is such a good solvent for polar and charged molecules.
8.
Suppose you are taking a cruise from California to Hawaii. About halfway there, the ship begins to sink. You are able to board a lifeboat, but now you are floating in the ocean waiting to be rescued. After several days, you are so thirsty that you bend over the side of the boat and drink lots of salty seawater.
Explain what you think will happen to your body within a few hours of drinking the ocean water, and explain biological basis for your reaction.
9.
What is DNA fingerprinting and explain how this could be used in court or on a TV show such as CSI?
10.
DNA and RNA are similar yet distinct components of the cell. Describe three differences between RNA and DNA with respect to their chemical composition and structure. Provide a detailed description of each characteristic you chose
in your response.
11.
Why would you quickly die if not for the action of enzymes in your cells?
.
1.5 pages single spaced, include References and when necessary, imag.docxKiyokoSlagleis
1.5 pages single spaced, include References and when necessary, images with captions.
NOTE: Use reputable scientific sources; blogs, .coms, most videos, will promote opinion, not scientific fact. If necessary, use primary literature. The CDC and WHO have good scientific information. Also, use databases such as Galileo to find good, reliable sources.
.
1.1- What are the real reasons behind the existence of Racism W.docxKiyokoSlagleis
1.
1- What are the real reasons behind the existence of Racism? Why does it still exist despite been illegal by law?
-
Each paragraph is explaining one reason. The reasons should be supported with examples and quotations from reliable sources.
-
List some forms of Racism, such as color, cultural, ethnic racism.
2.
2- Racism in developed countries, how do governments in these countries are standing against racism? Are there genuine efforts to end it forever? Is it real that there are some politicians who are behind this rejected act to get benefits?
3.
3- Human Rights, Civil Rights Movement and other organizations. What are they have done to help in this case?
4.
4- How is Racism existing in sports? Give some examples of that and how people reacted about them?
IMPORTANT NOTEs:
1- THE WRITING MUST BE AN INTERNATIONAL STUDENT LEVEL ( undergraduate Student )
2- please i need good word and something reasonable not too Academic,
No plagiarism
·
3-4 pages’ research.
·
At least you should use two reliable sources.
·
No plagiarism at all, I mean 0%.
·
The research should include: introduction which has clear thesis, paragraphs and conclusion.
·
Work cites.
·
Provide links for the sources if you can
.
1.) Connect 3 Due October 4th2.) Connect 4 Due Octob.docxKiyokoSlagleis
1.)
Connect 3
:
Due October 4th
2.)
Connect 4
:
Due October 16th
3.)
Research Paper: 8 Pages total
(Have Refernces already) APA Format,
Due October 16
4.)
Group Case Paper:
Due Oct 4
No exact lenght (see below points you must have in the paper APA Format).
What are the lessons that you think are important from the Madoff investment fraud as part of that overall meltdown?
-
Examine what could be done to prevent others from pulling off such a scam in the future
-
Present whether or not this fiasco has changed the mentality of potential investors
-
Was there any “Silver Lining” to what happened with the fraud?
.
1. Write an equation in standard form of the parabola that has th.docxKiyokoSlagleis
1.
Write an equation in standard form of the parabola that has the same shape as the graph of f(x) = 2x
2
, but with the given point as the vertex (5, 3).
A. f(x) = (2x - 4) + 4
B. f(x) = 2(2x + 8) + 3
C. f(x) = 2(x - 5)
2
+ 3
D. f(x) = 2(x + 3)
2
+ 3
2 of 20
5.0 Points
Find the coordinates of the vertex for the parabola defined by the given quadratic function.
f(x) = 2(x - 3)
2
+ 1
A. (3, 1)
B. (7, 2)
C. (6, 5)
D. (2, 1)
3 of 20
5.0 Points
Find the vertical asymptotes, if any, and the values of x corresponding to holes, if any, of the graph of the following rational function.
g(x) = x + 3/x(x + 4)
A. Vertical asymptotes: x = 4, x = 0; holes at 3x
B. Vertical asymptotes: x = -8, x = 0; holes at x + 4
C. Vertical asymptotes: x = -4, x = 0; no holes
D. Vertical asymptotes: x = 5, x = 0; holes at x - 3
4 of 20
5.0 Points
"Y varies directly as the n
th
power of x" can be modeled by the equation:
A. y = kx
n
.
B. y = kx/n.
C. y = kx
*n
.
D. y = kn
x
.
5 of 20
5.0 Points
40 times a number added to the negative square of that number can be expressed as:
A.
A(x) = x
2
+ 20x.
B. A(x) = -x + 30x.
C.
A(x) = -x
2
- 60x.
D.
A(x) = -x
2
+ 40x.
6 of 20
5.0 Points
The graph of f(x) = -x
3
__________ to the left and __________ to the right.
A. rises; falls
B. falls; falls
C. falls; rises
D. falls; falls
Solve the following formula for the specified variable:
V = 1/3 lwh for h
7 of 20
Write an equation that expresses each relationship. Then solve the equation for y.
x varies jointly as y and z
A. x = kz; y = x/k
B. x = kyz; y = x/kz
C. x = kzy; y = x/z
D. x = ky/z; y = x/zk
8 of 20
8 times a number subtracted from the squared of that number can be expressed as:
A. P(x) = x + 7x.
B.P(x) = x
2
- 8x.
C. P(x) = x - x.
P(x) = x
2
+ 10x.
9of 20
Find the x-intercepts. State whether the graph crosses the x-axis, or touches the x-axis and turns around, at each intercept.
f(x) = x
4
- 9x
2
A. x = 0, x = 3, x = -3; f(x) crosses the x-axis at -3 and 3; f(x) touches the x-axis at 0.
B. x = 1, x = 2, x = 3; f(x) crosses the x-axis at 2 and 3; f(x) crosses the x-axis at 0.
C. x = 0, x = -3, x = 5; f(x) touches the x-axis at -3 and 5; f(x) touches the x-axis at 0.
D. x = 1, x = 2, x = -4; f(x) crosses the x-axis at 2 and -4; f(x) touches the x-axis at 0.
10 of 20
Find the domain of the following rational function.
f(x) = x + 7/x
2
+ 49
A. All real numbers < 69
B. All real numbers > 210
C. All real numbers ≤ 77
D. All real numbers
11 of 20
Write an equation in standard form of the parabola that has the same shape as the graph of f(x) = 3x
2
or g(x) = -3x
2
, but with the given maximum or minimum.
Minimum = 0 at x = 11
A. f(x) = 6(x - 9)
B. f(x) = 3(x - 11)
2
C. f(x) = 4(x + 10)
D. f(x) = 3(x
2
- 15)
2
12 of 20
Solve the following polynomial inequality.
3x
2
+ 10x - 8 ≤ 0
A. [6, 1/3]
B. [-4, 2/3]
C. [-9, 4/5]
D. [8, 2/7]
13 of 20
Find the coordinate.
1.A health psychologist in a northern climate wants to evaluate .docxKiyokoSlagleis
1.
A health psychologist in a northern climate wants to evaluate the claim that UV lamps help lower depressive symptoms in middle-aged women. She recruits volunteers who meet the criteria for clinical depression and assigns them to two groups: one group receives a standard treatment for depression and undergoes a half hour of UV lamp therapy each day; the other group receives the same standard treatment for depression but without UV lamp therapy. At the end of two months, she administers a depression inventory where lower scores indicate fewer depressive symptoms (lower levels of depression). Assume all other variables are controlled for in the study. Evaluate the claim that depression treatment plus the UV lamp results in
lower
depression scores than depression treatment alone. (16 pts)
Depression Treatment + UV
Depression
Treatment Only
34
29
43
31
29
25
12
14
31
17
22
19
27
32
39
29
13
41
26
23
47
31
25
14
24
37
41
42
a)
SPSS output
b)
SPSS graph
c)
Current APA-style Results section
.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
Biological screening of herbal drugs: Introduction and Need for
Phyto-Pharmacological Screening, New Strategies for evaluating
Natural Products, In vitro evaluation techniques for Antioxidants, Antimicrobial and Anticancer drugs. In vivo evaluation techniques
for Anti-inflammatory, Antiulcer, Anticancer, Wound healing, Antidiabetic, Hepatoprotective, Cardio protective, Diuretics and
Antifertility, Toxicity studies as per OECD guidelines
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
Introduction to AI for Nonprofits with Tapp NetworkTechSoup
Dive into the world of AI! Experts Jon Hill and Tareq Monaur will guide you through AI's role in enhancing nonprofit websites and basic marketing strategies, making it easy to understand and apply.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
16Economics Final Project Submission Policy Research and Orga
1. 16
Economics Final Project Submission: Policy Research and
Organizational Analysis Report
Luz Rodriguez
Southern New Hampshire University
Economics Final Project Submission: Policy Research and
Organizational Analysis Report
In the current healthcare system, hospitals face diverse financial
and economic decisions, which impact how they operate. It is
crucial for hospital administrators to have sound economic and
financial knowledge if they are to make the right decisions that
will ensure their institutions continue operating in a sustainable
manner. In this context, this paper gives a comprehensive
discussion of various economic theories, economic principles,
economic legislative issues, and disparities that impact
healthcare institutions. The paper then applies these principles
to The Johns Hopkins Hospital in Baltimore to provide a
practical view of their importance in how hospitals operate.
Economic Theories and Principles
Economic Disparities
The financial well-being of the industry has a huge bearing on
the availability of healthcare. In this context, market and
demand theories are instrumental in understanding the
industry’s financial well-being. Looking at the example of The
Johns Hopkins Hospital in Baltimore, it is clear that the
economic principles of demand and market/consumer behavior
have a profound impact on the entity’s financial statements.
Consequently, there are times when there is a spike in revenue
while there are periods when revenues drop. For instance,
during holidays and festive periods, revenues spike due to a rise
2. in the number of injuries and accidents associated with travel
and other fun-related activities like overindulgence in alcohol.
Also, hospital management performance has a huge bearing on
an institution’s profitability (Lee & Park, (2015). The Johns
Hopkins Hospital has increased its performance over the years.
Thus, its patient satisfaction has also risen over the years,
which explains why its financial statements continue to improve
as time goes by. The aspect of demand also impacts the
profitability of the institution. The ever-growing population
implies that the institution has more clients to serve and profit
from. The hospital has a steady supply of new patients due to
the relatively steady mortality and birth rates. Finally, poor
consumer lifestyle trends increase hospital visits and the
institution’s profitability.
Economic Theories
There are certain economic theories that are useful when
applied to the healthcare industry. First, there is market power,
which refers to the ability of a firm to successfully impact how
its services or products are priced in the marketplace. In
healthcare planning, it is crucial for policymakers to facilitate
the creation of an environment where healthcare institutions can
freely define the prices for their services. This is crucial in
ensuring that there is healthy competition for all healthcare
providers (Frech et al., 2015). However, the drawback in such a
case is that large institutions may offer lower prices to the
extent that small institutions will not have the ability to meet.
This can effectively drive such small institutions out of
business. Therefore, proper regulations should be done not to
allow such a scenario to occur.
Second, there is market concentration, which refers to the extent
to which a market’s sales are dominated by one or more entities.
Ideally, no single healthcare institution should dominate a
market. There should be several players in the healthcare
3. market. This is vital in ensuring that there is healthy
competition. In turn, healthcare institutions will offer better
quality services and ideal prices for their services. Without such
competition, monopolies may offer low-quality healthcare due
to no competition or have very high prices due to high demand.
Finally, there is choice, which refers to the ability of a firm or
client to make a decision on the resource, service, or product to
provide purchase from a specific range of options. Patients
should have a wide range of choices to select the healthcare
providers they want. More so, there should be various
healthcare insurance plans available for them. This ensures that
people can access healthcare effectively regardless of their
socioeconomic status. However, the aspect of choice should be
limited for the healthcare providers. This ensures that the types
of services and products they offer are standardized. In turn,
this ensures that healthcare institutions do not have the choice
to offer low-quality services or prescribe low-quality
medication.
Use of Economic Principles
Basic economic principles include trade, choice, opportunity
costs, scarcity, and the law of demand. Organizations utilize
economic principles to guide strategic short-term and long-term
decision making because, like any other industry, healthcare
institutions are characterized by the provision of healthcare
services and products in exchange for money. However, the
only difference is that in all cases, human life is at risk.
Therefore, the application of economic principles to the
healthcare industry is not as straightforward as it is in other
industries. On the one hand, there are potential positive impacts
of applying economic principles to the healthcare industry. For
example, a healthcare institution that applies economic
principles will maintain its profitability. Such an institution will
be well placed to make sound economic decisions, which will
4. guarantee its sustainability.
On the other hand, there are potential negative impacts of
applying economic principles to the healthcare industry. For
example, paying too much attention to economic principles may
put human lives at risk. When hospitals put too much focus on
profitability, healthcare practitioners may fail to protect human
life if doing so will not yield profits for their institution.
According to Scott, Solomon, and McGowan Jr. (2011), the
application of economic thinking to the comprehension of
resource utilization in healthcare is challenging considering the
complexities that exist in the delivery of care in a healthcare
institution. More so, it is vital to note that these economic
principles ensure that resources are generally very scarce and
cannot meet all the health needs of the general population.
For-Profit and Nonprofit
Financial Differentiation
On the one hand, a nonprofit organization is defined as an
entity, which qualifies for tax-exemption by the Internal
Revenue Service (IRS). The requirement is that such an
organization should have a purpose and mission aimed at
offering a public benefit and promoting a social cause.
Examples of such organizations include national charities,
universities, and hospitals (Laurett & Ferreira, 2018). The
financial and economic policies of these organizations are
structured in a way that allows these entities to make a profit.
However, all the profits made are not meant to meet the needs
of a specific individual but rather to facilitate the advancement
of the organization. Hence, all operational and financial
information must be made public to ensure everyone knows
where all received funds are going. During any fundraising
process, no taxes are levied on either the donor or the
organization receiving the funds.
5. On the other hand, a for-profit organization is created with the
major objective of making as much money as possible. Often,
such entities either sell services or products to their clients. The
owner of the organization earns an active income with investors
and shareholders benefiting as well from the profits made by the
organization. Examples of such organizations include
partnerships, sole proprietorships, LLCs, and corporations
(Heaslip, 2020). Unlike the nonprofit entities, for profit
organizations do not have to attain a social good and can be
structured to meet the individual goals of the owner.
Economic Differentiation
When it comes to taxation, most for-profit organizations are
subjected to the corporate income tax. The federal government
imposes a tax at a rate of 21 percent (Tax Policy Center, 2020).
These organizations can also be subjected to another form of
taxation at the individual shareholder level with regards to the
capital gains and dividend made from the sale of shares.
However, many for-profit organizations in the US are defined as
'pass-through entities,' which implies they are not subjected to
entry-level taxation. Instead, the profits made by the owners are
the ones that are taxed based on the rules guiding the collection
of the individual income tax. In contrast, nonprofit
organizations do not pay tax. This is based on the IRS tax code
subsection 501(c) (Leonard, 2019). Consequently, these
organizations are not subjected to things like property tax, sales
tax, or any other form of taxation. Overall, I believe that this
tax distinction is fair. Since nonprofit organizations strive to
achieve social and public good, not taxing them enhances their
chances of success since they have extra funds to pump into
their mission and vision.
Policy, Changes, and Disparities
Economic Policy and Disparities in Care
6. There are various disparities in care, which many people in the
country experience. Two major ones are race and socioeconomic
status. In the context of race, Ferdinand et al. (2017) asserts
that there is a huge disparity in healthcare outcomes between
whites and other minority groups such as blacks. For instance,
blacks have a higher likelihood of developing heart diseases,
hypertension, and diabetes (Ferdinand et al., 2017). When it
comes to service delivery, whites report better satisfaction
compared to minority groups (Mays et al., 2017). This can be
attributed to issues like language barriers and bias due to
stereotypes, among other reasons. In the context of
socioeconomic status, Kennedy, Wood, and Frieden (2017) note
that health insurance coverage among Americans is irregular.
Consequently, people with higher incomes are in a better
position to afford quality healthcare compared to those in the
low socioeconomic bracket. There is a distinct relationship
between economic policies and disparities in care. For example,
there is the use of insurance programs to facilitate healthcare
services to citizens rather than offer universal healthcare for all.
The use of insurance programs ensures that the richer a person
is, the better the insurance package he/she can afford. This
leads to the healthcare disparities described above.
Policy Changes
A recent legislative change that has a huge impact on healthcare
economic policy in general is the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and
Economic Security (CARES) Act is the focus economic policy
of this paper. According to Bell (2020), the economic policy
attempts to minimize the economic downturn that the Covid-19
pandemic has facilitated. The budget that supports the
implementation of this policy is over $2 trillion making this
rescue package to be the largest in US history (Canady, 2020).
$100 billion has been set aside to fund healthcare organizations
as they try to cover the costs of dealing with Covid-19 cases, in
7. addition to aiding healthcare entities, which have lost a huge
chunk of their revenue due to the pandemic. The policy also has
a program that ensures healthcare service providers can receive
advanced or accelerated Medicare payments. These providers
can ask for six months’ worth of payments and are given a one-
year grace period to repay the loan. Additionally, the policy
allocates $80 million to the FDA to aid with vaccine
development and medical products manufacturing.
Disparities Planning
Disparities of care are factored into healthcare strategic
planning because they ensure that policymakers create
interventions, which suit the needs of patients from diverse
demographics. Consequently, organizations can handle issues
that may arise when making economic evaluations for their
strategic plans. Effectively handling these issues will ensure
there is the promotion of ideal healthcare outcomes for clients
in a cost-effective manner. The relevant strategic planning can
take three techniques into consideration. First, there is cost-
minimization analysis. This is where the organization will
assess several interventions, which have the same outcome to
determine the one that facilitates the cheapest way of delivering
the outcome (WHO, 2010). For example, if two vaccines for
polio have the same effectiveness level, this analysis technique
will reveal the cheaper one among the two. Second, there is
cost-effectiveness analysis. This technique evaluates the
outcome of an approach based on ‘natural units.’ Therefore, if
the objective is to lower pneumonia in children, this technique
may compare several vaccines to check the one that averts
pneumonia cases more cheaply. Finally, there is cost-utility
analysis. This technique evaluates the utility measures, which
depict people’s preferences (WHO, 2010).
Organizational Impact and Recommendations
Organization Introduction
8. The organization that is the focus of my report is ‘The Johns
Hopkins Hospital Baltimore, MD 21211-2226.’ The sub-
industry, which this organization belongs to is ‘Hospital.’ The
institution doubles up as a biomedical research facility and
teaching hospital. It focuses on both general and rehabilitative
health (ProPublica, 2021). The financial background of the
organization appears to be relatively strong. The revenue of the
institution has been steadily growing over the years. For
instance, in 2011, the institution had a total revenue of
$1,826,726,232. By 2017, this figure had grown to
$2,371,701,539 (ProPublica, 2021). The selected organization is
a nonprofit. The tax code designation given to the institution by
the IRS is 501(c)(3). This is because this institution has several
purposes including educational, scientific, and public safety
(ProPublica, 2021).
Nonprofit or For-Profit
The Johns Hopkins Hospital is a nonprofit organization. A
nonprofit organization is defined as an entity, which qualifies
for tax-exemption by the Internal Revenue Service (IRS). The
requirement is that such an organization should have a purpose
and mission aimed at offering a public benefit and promoting a
social cause. Examples of such organizations include national
charities, universities, and hospitals (Laurett & Ferreira, 2018).
Since the Johns Hopkins Hospital falls under the ‘hospital’
category, it qualifies to be a nonprofit entity. The financial and
economic policies of this organization is structured in a way
that allows it to make a profit. However, all the profits made are
not meant to meet the needs of a specific individual but rather
to facilitate the advancement of the organization. Hence, all
operational and financial information must be made public to
ensure everyone knows where all received funds are going.
During any fundraising process, no taxes are levied on either
the donor or the organization receiving the funds.
9. Being a nonprofit organization has a profound economic policy
impact on the Johns Hopkins Hospital. Since the Johns Hopkins
Hospital is a nonprofit organization, it does not pay tax. This is
based on the IRS tax code subsection 501(c) (Leonard, 2019).
Consequently, this organization is not subjected to things like
property tax, sales tax, or any other form of taxation. This tax
distinction is fair. Since the nonprofit entity strive to achieve
social and public good, not taxing it enhances its chances of
success since it has extra funds to pump into its mission and
vision.
Financials, Market, and Demand
Demand Theory
The aspect of demand impacts the profitability of the
institution. The ever-growing population implies that the
institution has more clients to serve and profit from. The
hospital has a steady supply of new patients due to the
relatively steady mortality and birth rates. The demand theory
applies to the relationship between each stakeholder and the
insurance industry. Currently, there is a high demand for
healthcare insurance since people have diverse healthcare needs.
As a result, insurance companies try to meet this demand using
various insurance plans. This in turn creates a relatively
profitable business for the companies who work with providers
to meet the needs of patients. Overall, insurance impacts the
quality of care provided by physicians. Since there are various
insurance plans, physicians will only offer care based on the
elements that are covered by individual plans. This implies that
people with better insurance covers will receive a higher quality
of care.
Market Behavior Impact
There are times when there is a spike in revenue while there are
periods when revenues drop. For instance, during holidays and
10. festive periods, revenues spike due to a rise in the number of
injuries and accidents associated with travel and other fun-
related activities like overindulgence in alcohol. Also, hospital
management performance has a huge bearing on an institution’s
profitability (Lee & Park, (2015). The Johns Hopkins Hospital
has increased its performance over the years. Thus, its patient
satisfaction has also risen over the years, which explains why
its financial statements continue to improve as time goes by.
Finally, poor consumer lifestyle trends increase hospital visits
and the institution’s profitability.
Economic Legislative Changes
Legislative Changes
A recent legislative change that is likely to impact the Johns
Hopkins Hospital is the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic
Security (CARES) Act. According to Bell (2020), the economic
policy attempts to minimize the economic downturn that the
Covid-19 pandemic has facilitated. The budget that supports the
implementation of this policy is over $2 trillion making this
rescue package to be the largest in US history (Canady, 2020).
$100 billion has been set aside to fund healthcare organizations
as they try to cover the costs of dealing with Covid-19 cases, in
addition to aiding healthcare entities, which have lost a huge
chunk of their revenue due to the pandemic. The policy also has
a program that ensures healthcare service providers can receive
advanced or accelerated Medicare payments. These providers
can ask for six months’ worth of payments and are given a one-
year grace period to repay the loan. Additionally, the policy
allocates $80 million to the FDA to aid with vaccine
development and medical products manufacturing.
Policy Changes and Impact
The CARES Act may impact the organizational policies of the
11. Johns Hopkins Hospital. For starters, legislative change is
expanding the use of tele-health services in the country. The
Johns Hopkins Hospital can alter its policies to ensure that such
technology can be adopted for use long after the pandemic is
gone to reduce pertinent healthcare-related costs. Second, the
Johns Hopkins Hospital can use the legislation to restructure its
policies so that the organization sets aside funds and guidelines
on how to deal with future crises. This will ensure the
healthcare institution is not caught off-guard in case of another
pandemic.
Statement Impact
There are several ways that the financial statements of the
organization could be impacted because of the legislative
changes in the CARES Act. First, the Act is sufficiently funded
to effectively meet the needs of the healthcare needs during the
pandemic. Providers have access to a $100 billion kitty to cover
their expenses (Coie, 2021). The Johns Hopkins Hospital can
tap into this kitty to cater to its expenses and improve its
financial statements. Second, the policy ensures providers have
access to accelerated Medicare payments. This is vital in
ensuring critical care institutions operate effectively without
money issues. This can also improve the Johns Hopkins
Hospital’s financial statements since Medicare payments will be
covered in time without delays. Third, the policy mitigates
shortages in drugs. Therefore, the FDA is compelled to expedite
drug reviews to protect the public from waiting too long for new
medication or vaccines. The Johns Hopkins Hospital will
adequately meet the needs of its clients leading to a high level
of patient satisfaction. This is vital for its financial statements
because satisfied patients will either come back to the
institution in future or refer other to the hospital.
Potential Disparities
12. The legislative changes in the CARES Act have the ability to
cause disparities in care that could further impact the Johns
Hopkins Hospital. For starters, this is a time-based policy.
Therefore, it only serves the short-term needs while ignoring
the long-term effects caused by the pandemic (Bivens &
Shierholz, 2020). The recommendation in this case is for the
hospital to take an active advocacy role in pushing
policymakers to come up with further legislative changes that
will cater for the long-term effects caused by the pandemic.
Second, there are no guardrails that make sure the funds are
directed toward saving the jobs of standard workers in the
healthcare industries (Bivens & Shierholz, 2020). Therefore, the
policy may fail to address shortage of healthcare workers in the
foreseeable future. The recommendation in this case is for the
hospital to take an active advocacy role in pushing
policymakers to come up with further legislative changes to
curb the shortage of healthcare workers. Finally, poor
accountability measures implies that the funds set aside to
implement the policy may be misappropriated. The
recommendation in this case is for the hospital to have an audit
team that effectively accounts for all the funds utilized under
the program.
The institution should also consider effectively handling these
issues in a cost-effective manner. The relevant strategic
planning can take three techniques into consideration. First,
there is cost-minimization analysis. This is where the
organization will assess several interventions, which have the
same outcome to determine the one that facilitates the cheapest
way of delivering the outcome (WHO, 2010). Second, there is
cost-effectiveness analysis. This technique evaluates the
outcome of an approach based on ‘natural units.’ Finally, there
is cost-utility analysis. This technique evaluates the utility
measures, which depict people’s preferences (WHO, 2010).
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