2Healthcare EconomicsPrecious TeasleySouth.docx

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Healthcare Economics
Precious Teasley
Southern New Hampshire University
IHP-620-Q1591 Economic Principles- healthcare 22TW1
Dr. Scott
September 24,2022
Economic Theories and Principles
A.
Economic Disparities
The provision of healthcare requires financial resources. A
healthcare organization needs to be financially stable for it to

offer the needed healthcare services to its patients (Hicks,
2020). Jackson Memorial Hospital, despite being a non-profit
organization, is financially stable and this implies that the
facility can afford to offer the best quality healthcare services
as well as research opportunities. When the facility is
financially healthy, there is a demand of investing the excess
money into new healthcare services so that patients can access
more and better services. According to the demand theory, when
there is more disposable income, there is an increased demand
for more goods and services. In other words, the financial well-
being of an organization affects its demand for services.
B.
Economic Theories
One of the most useful economic theories in the healthcare
industry is the theory of demand and supply. According to this
economic theory, the demand for a product will decline if the
price goes up (Bender, 2020). Conversely, when the prices are
high, the supply of a product is boosted but when prices drop,
the supply is diminished. This theory is relevant to the field of
healthcare, especially in chronic illnesses. For instance, if the
supply of medicine for a particular disease decreases but the
demand persists, then the price of the medicine will go up. The
proponents of this theory argue that the level of demand and
supply affect the prices of commodities in the market until the
point of economic equilibrium is reached. This is true in the
healthcare industry because there are situations where there is a
shortage of particular drugs or services while the demand is
high. This makes them expensive and inaccessible to many
patients who require the services.
C.
Use of Economic Principles
Economic principles are important to organizations because
they help in making informed decisions especially financially.
For an organization to operate, it needs to invest in various
areas where it intends to provide goods and services to its

clients. In such cases, economic principles must be applied to
determine the cost-benefit analysis of the potential investment.
This helps to tell whether or not there will be a reasonable
return on investment in whichever project an organization takes.
If there is an indication that investment will be successful,
resources should be provided for the project. In other words,
economic principles play a key role in informing an
organization about the chances of success or failure of what
they want to do. For the best results to be achieved, a variety of
economic principles such as the cost-benefit analysis and the
SWOT analysis should be utilized. Even if an organization is a
non-profit, it needs to make the correct economic decisions for
it to survive in the industry.
For Profit and Non-Profit
A.
Financial Differentiation
As the names suggest, for-profit healthcare organizations, apart
from offering healthcare services, are also established to make
financial gains. On the contrary, non-profit healthcare
organizations are majorly established for public and social
benefit. They do not intend to make profits for their owners.
For-profit organizations sell their services at a cost that enables
the organization to earn a profit. The proceeds are used to
finance the operations of the facility (Rice & Unruh, 2015). On
the other hand, non-profit healthcare organizations usually offer
free services or charge a subsidized fee. Their operations and
services are funded by donors and well-wishers. As much as the
two types of organizations might offer similar services, they are
established for different reasons.
B.
Economic Differentiation
As aforementioned, for-profit and non-profit organizations are
established for different reasons even if they might be operating
in the same industry. As far as economic differentiation is
concerned, for-profit organizations utilize economic principles

that focus on buying goods at a lower price or manufacturing
them and then reselling them at a higher price (Bender, 2020).
The economic model for for-profit organizations focuses on
minimizing losses and maximizing profits. On the other hand,
non-profit organizations only utilize economic models that
focus on sustainability; as long as the organization can sustain
itself, that is what matters. Such organizations pay a lot of
attention to employee accountability and responsibility to make
sure everyone works responsibly to keep the organization
functional. Non-profit organizations focus on best practices that
revolve around client satisfaction rather than maximizing
profits.
Policies, Changes, and Disparities
A.
Economic Policies and Disparities in Healthcare
Economic policies have a direct impact on healthcare, and
sometimes they cause disparities. For instance, health insurance
is an economic policy that is intended to make healthcare
affordable, especially in emergency cases that require
substantial financial resources. Insurance determines the kind of
services different patients receive depending on how much they
contribute towards their coverage. Economic policies such as
health insurance make access to healthcare affordable. The
difference is different patients receive different types of care
determined by their contributions (Rice & Unruh, 2015). There
are disparities in healthcare occasioned by economic policies as
seen above.
B.
Policy Changes
One of the recent policy changes is the introduction of the
Temporary Marketplace Premium Tax Credit Enhancement. This
is a policy change that enables more people to afford healthcare
coverage by widening the coverage. It is a move by the Biden
administration to ensure there is more affordability in terms of
accessing healthcare. If congress passes this into law, more than

14 million Americans will receive affordable healthcare
coverage. The impact that this policy has on the healthcare
economic policy is the fact that organizations will have to
adjust their policies so that they can accommodate the new
development. There will be more demand for healthcare
services because they are affordable to more people. Healthcare
organizations will be required to increase the supply of their
products, services, and manpower to match the newly increased
demand. When policies are made by the government,
organizations in the affected industries need to adjust their
strategies so that they can fit in the new environment.
C.
Disparities Planning
Disparities must be factored into healthcare strategic planning
because they affect operations and the productivity of the
organization. It is essential to pay attention to such factors so
that operations are streamlined and uninterrupted. Healthcare
disparities, in simple terms, refer to differences in healthcare
components such as insurance covers, types of diseases, types
of healthcare needed, and income disparity among patients. The
more disparities, the more challenging a situation is. With such
a huge difference, there needs to be effective strategic planning
for an organization to handle the situation (Hicks, 2020). For
instance, in the case where a healthcare organization serves
people who speak a different language than the native one, there
needs to be a plan to have permanent language translators to
ease the communication between patients and caregivers.
References
Bender, L. (2020).
Economics: Theories and Applied Principles. New
York: CLANRYE International.
Hicks, L. (2020).
Economics of Health and Medical Care. Burlington,
MA: Jones and Bartlett.

Rice, T. & Unruh, L. (2015).
The Economics of Health Reconsidered. Chicago:
Health Administration Press.
GUIDE TO BASIC ELEMENTS
OF THEATRICAL PRODUCTION
Scenery * Acting * Lighting * Costumes * Spatial Relationships
* Sound * Audience
By Dr. Barbara Clayton
Successful writing about theatrical performance relies on the
writer's ability to identify, describe,
analyze, and evaluate specific elements of production. Usually
shaped by a director, designers,
and actors in response to dramatic text, these production
elements create the meanings
spectators take from theatrical performance. All of these
elements interact, so the planning of a
production is usually a collaborative endeavor by the director,
designers, and actors to create a
specific theatrical experience.
Intended to aid students in analyzing production elements in
performance, the following
Guide briefly summarizes the primary production elements.
Scenery

Scenery provides the physical environment in which the
dramatic action comes to life. Two
important functions of scenery are to create a visual world for
the dramatic action and to provide
an interesting space for actors and director to use in creating
physical action onstage. Scene
designers use style, color, mass, form, line, and texture within a
defined space (usually a stage)
to create the world of the play. When analyzing scenery in a
production, consider the following
topics:
● Environmental conditions: What does the scenery convey
about time of year,
weather, geography, or other environmental conditions?
● Movement potential: How do actors enter and exit the stage?
Are there staircases,
spiraling ramps, large open spaces, or other features that
suggest specific movement
patterns?
● Style: Does the scenery create a realistic sense of time and
place? Or is the space
symbolic or abstract? Does the scenery employ scenic
conventions from a different
time or place? Japanese Kabuki staging, for example, or painted
scenery in the style of
18th century England?
● Color, texture, line, and rhythm: Does the scenery use bright
or subdued colors?
Rough, jagged, soft, or silken surfaces? Smooth, undulating
lines or rectilinear forms?
One door or many doors? What atmosphere or mood do these

choices create? Size and
scale? How large or small are the scenic elements in
relationship to the actors and the
audience? What might scenic scale imply about the action of the
play?
● Scene changes: Does the scenery change, how often, and why
or why not? How do
the scene changes influence the overall rhythm of the action?
● Relationship to audience: What relationship between the
audience and the
performance does the scenery suggest? Do scenic elements
blend into audience space?
Is the audience separated from the performance space by a
spatial or physical barrier?
2
Acting
Actors bring the characters to life, investing them with
movement, voice, passion, intellect, and
desire. Voice and body are the actor’s primary tools, but other
production elements often assist
the actor in representing characters. Costume, including hair
and make-up, is especially
important. Also important is an actor’s ability to shape his or
her performance in relation to the
ensemble (the other actors). Different production styles (for
example realism, epic theatre, or
theatre of the absurd) call for varying acting styles. When
analyzing acting in a production,
consider the following topics:

● Voice: Does the actor use specific pitch, range, volume,
quality, or vocal rhythms to
create the character? Does the actor use dialect or accent? Does
the actor use any unusual
vocal mannerisms to create character (for example, a cough or
other repetitive sound)?
How do these vocal choices create character?
● Body: How does the actor stand and move? Does she crouch
and creep about the stage?
Or does she stand tall and walk with stately grace? What
rhythms does the actor use? Is
his movement abrupt and unpredictable or smooth and flowing?
Does the actor use any
physical mannerisms (for example, constantly straightening
objects on a desk or picking
lint from clothing)? How do these physical choices create
character?
● Ensemble: Does the actor seem to listen to the other actors
and respond accordingly? Is
there a real sense of give-and-take on stage? What does the
actor do when not speaking?
● Style: Does the actor attempt to believably embody the
character? Is the actor’s goal to
“show” a character’s actions without fully embodying them?
Does a character’s
believability seem less important than the playwright’s or
director’s specific vision?
What specific choices in voice, body, and ensemble create the
sense of style?
Spatial Relationships

The term "spatial relationships" (sometimes called "blocking")
refers to the physical positioning
of actors on the stage relative to other actors, scenic elements,
the playing space, and the
audience. A director usually
works with actors to establish patterns of movement and
physical positions that illuminate
characters, character relationships, and the dramatic action.
When analyzing spatial relationships
in a production, consider the following topics:
● Areas: Are specific areas on the stage associated with specific
characters or actions?
● Levels: Does the scenery permit actors to appear on different
levels? What
implications about character relationships emerge from the use
of levels?
● Distance: Do characters appear close together or far apart
when they interact? What
information about their relationship is implied by physical
distance?
● Rhythm and line: Do actors move quickly or slowly? Do they
approach others
directly or indirectly? What do these patterns of movement
convey about the
characters, their intentions, or their relationships?
● Change: Does the actors' use of areas, levels, distance, or
rhythm and line change
during the performance? What does the change imply?
● Relationship to audience: Do the actors speak and interact

with each other as if the
audience weren't there? Do the actors speak or physically
interact with the audience?
What does this imply about the style of the performance?
3
Costumes
A character's costume includes his or her clothes, makeup, and
hairstyle, and might also include
personal items such as a handbag or umbrella. While a costume
may convey external aspects of a
character such as his/her profession and social class, it also
suggests inner elements of character
such as mood and personality. Costume designers use color,
texture, pattern, weight, as well as
historical period, to create a character's costume. When
analyzing costume choices in a
production, consider the following topics:
● Socioeconomic class: What does the costume convey about
the character's position in
society? How is this information conveyed through texture,
style, color, pattern,
weight, or fit of clothing?
● Environmental conditions: What does the costume convey
about time of year,
weather, geography, or other environmental conditions? How is
this information
conveyed through texture, style, color, pattern, weight, or fit of
clothing?

● Occupation: What does the costume convey about how the
character spends his/her
time? How is this information conveyed through texture, style,
color, pattern, weight,
or fit of clothing?
● Culture: What does the costume convey about cultural origins
or affiliations? How is
this information conveyed through texture, style, color, pattern,
weight, or fit of
clothing?
● Mood and temperament: What does the costume convey about
the character's state
of mind, preferences, habits, and way of life? How is this
information conveyed
through texture, style, color, pattern, weight, or fit of clothing?
● Relationship to the play and other characters: What does the
costume convey about
the spirit and style of the play and the character's relationship to
other characters in the
play? How is this information conveyed through texture, style,
color, pattern, weight,
or fit of clothing?
● Costume changes: If a character changes costume, what does
the change in costume
convey about the character's actions or state of mind?
● Movement potential: How does the costume facilitate or
constrict the movement of
the actor? To what effect? Do the fabric and cut of the costume
create movement when
the actor moves? Consider a heavy robe, a long train on a dress,

or a silky, flowing
gown, for example.
4
Sound
Sound effects and music generate meaning, create mood, and
enhance atmosphere or feeling in a
theatrical performance. In addition, directors and sound
designers often use preshow music to
establish the initial mood of a performance or postshow music
to prolong the final mood of a
performance. When analyzing sound in a production, consider
the following topics:
● Environmental conditions: What does the sound convey about
time of year, weather,
geography, or other environmental conditions?
● Style: Does the sound create a realistic sense of time and
place? Or is the sound
symbolic or abstract?
● Mood: Does the sound contribute to establishing the mood of
the dramatic action?
Spooky sounds on a dark night, for example, might suggest a
mysterious atmosphere,
or wind rustling the leaves of an aspen tree might suggest a
cool, relaxing summer

afternoon.
● Rhythm: Does the sound work with movement of the actors
and the lighting to create
a specific pace for the dramatic action?
● Volume: Is the sound a soft, background noise or a loud jolt?
Why?
● Live or recorded: Does the performance use live sound,
recorded sound, or a mix? To
what effect?
Lighting
Theatrical lighting serves not only the important practical
purpose of making actors visible on
stage, but also the artistic purpose of conveying information and
atmosphere about the dramatic
action. Lighting designers use the color, texture, intensity
(brightness or dimness), direction, and
movement of light to help create the world of the play. When
analyzing lighting choices in a
production, consider the following topics:
● Focusing attention: How does the light focus attention to
particular areas of the
stage? Are some areas more brightly lit than others? Is light
used to provide scenic
transitions? Is absence of light important?
● Texture and pattern: Does the light use texture or pattern to
suggest scenic location

or environment? Leafy texture, for example, might suggest an
exterior location, or a
window pattern an interior location.
● Direction and color: Do the direction and color of the light
mimic real life sources
such as the sun? Do the direction and color convey a mood or
atmosphere? Is the color
warm or cool? Does the source of the light appear to move or
change?
● Style: Does the light create a realistic sense of time and
space? Or is the light more
abstract, disobeying "real world" rules about the way light looks
and behaves? Are
there lamps, chandeliers, or candles on the stage? What effect
or mood do they create?
● Rhythm: Does the light change quickly in texture, pattern,
color, direction, intensity,
or movement? Or do the variations in look or feel of the lights
happen slowly?
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Audience
Though often overlooked, the audience is a critical element of
theatrical production. In fact,
many theories of theatre are founded upon the assumption that
the basic minimum requirements

for performance to occur are the presence of at least one
audience member and at least one
performer. Theatre practitioners must take the audience into
account in many ways in planning
and executing a production, including:
• Presentational/Representational Style: Do the actors
acknowledge the audience and
sometimes speak directly to them (Presentational style) or do
the actors construct a
fictional world that the audience looks in on voyeuristically
without the actors
acknowledging their presence (Representational style)?
• Motion: Does the audience remain seated throughout the
performance, or does the
audience move from place to place as part of the performance?
Physical arrangement:
In theatres with flexible seating, how is the audience arranged?
(On all sides of the
action? On three sides of the action?) Are there unusual seating
choices, such as audience
members seated on the stage? Does the performance extend into
the audience’s seating
area, with performers directly interacting with audience
members physically?
• Emotional relationship to the action: Is the audience meant to
be emotionally engaged
by the scenes unfolding onstage, or does the production take
steps to keep the audience at
a critical distance? Is the audience meant to feel safe and
comfortable, or does the
production confront the audience with uncomfortable or
disorienting experiences?

• Dramaturgical materials: What, if any, materials are provided
to the audience to
contextualize the play, and how do they prepare the audience
for the theatrical
experience? Is there a director’s note? Historical background on
the play? Images?
Special instructions to the audience?
• Audience makeup: Is the audience made up largely of a group
that knows one another
(school groups, for instance) or has special needs that must be
taken into account (groups
with multiple language capabilities that require translation)? Is
the audience required to
be here for a class? Is the group diverse in terms of age, socio-
economic status, gender,
race, familiarity with the play in question, etc.? Has the
production taken diversity into
account in its approach to the audience?
Intro to Theatre and Dramatic Literature (ENGL/TD120), Fall
2022
Writing Assignment One: Observing Elements of Production
Due: 10/11 on Canvas by 11:59 PM CST.
RESPONSE OVERVIEW & OBJECTIVES
Writing Assignment One is designed to help you observe how a
single element of production

works both descriptively and analytically. To do well on this
assignment, you’ll need to push yourself
to carefully observe the choices made by designers in ways that
you may not have noticed prior
to taking this class. The assignment asks you to report
objectively (without personal opinion or bias)
in Observation Sections #1 and #2 before coming to your own
assertive conclusions in the Analysis
Section.
Expectation: Demonstrate ability to describe and critique one
element of theatre production
the National Theatre’s adaptation of Treasure Island (dir. Polly
Findlay) [available through Drama
Online Database on the UW-Madison library website]. Your TA
will tell you which Production
Element you will be considering. To succeed on the assignment,
you must:
1) Closely observe how one specific production element in the
performance is being used to help
create meaning in production.
2) Report observations with clarity and specific detail.
3) Draw clear conclusions grounded in observations.
PRODUCTION ELEMENT
RESPONSE STRUCTURE
Note: Each section should start on its own page. IE) Section 1
Should begin on Page 1; Section 2
on Page 2; Section 3 on Page 3.
Section 1. Observations from Production: The production
Element in the entire production (250-

300 words)
Using vocabulary from Barbara Clayton’s “Guide to Basic
Elements of Theatre Production,
make observations about a single production element in a single
production. How do you observe
the production element working across the production? Are
there repeated patterns used by the
designer? Specific sections that have more production element
density than others? Successful
responses will describe the overall use of the production
element in the production objectively and
support the description with cited evidence.
Section 2. Observations from one Scene: The production
Element in a single scene (250-300
words)
How does the production element work in a single scene?
Choose one brief window of time
between 180-300 consecutive seconds in length to specifically
observe. Watch this scene
repeatedly until you are confident in the use of the production
element in this scene. Successful
responses will use cited example to describe how the element
functions in this scene.
Section 3. Analysis: Insights into how the Production Element
choices make meaning for
audience (200-250 words)
1) What meaning can you make from the designer/director’s
production element choices in the

scene[add specific scene language]?
2) How do the specific choices impact the audience’s
experience of the narrative and the theatrical
event?
3) Did you find the designer’s choices effective?
Successful responses will support claims with specific evidence
and avoid generalizations.
GRADING CRITERIA
Observations #1: 25%
Observations #2: 25%
Analysis: 30%
Properly Cited Evidence: 10%
Logistics, Grammar, Spelling, Mechanics: 10%
LOGISTICS
Citation:
-Cite evidence by either video time stamp (hour: minute:
second). For example, if the lighting
changes drastically one hour and 30 minutes into the
productions for a duration of 30 seconds you
might write:
Designer Mike Smith used a pinpoint spotlight on actor Jane
Doe (1:30:00-1:30:30).
-This level of citation specificity is essential for letting your
reader understand your observations and
eventual analysis.
-You should mention the directors, actors, and designers
responsible for the choices being made by
name at least once whenever possible.
-I do not expect you to use outside sources for this assignment,

but if you do so, you must cite them
properly.
Word Choice:
-You are not allowed to use first person singular pronouns (I,
my, me, mine) except when quoting
the text. The reason? Pushing subjective reactions to the
sideline for this essay will help you focus
on objective evidence.
Logistics:
-To receive full credit for “Logistics,” your heading should
follow this template:
[Your Name]
ENGL/TD120- [Your Section] / [TA’s Last Name]
Scene: [Indicate your focal scene]
Word Counts: 222 / 215 / 199 [Indicate word counts for each of
the 3 sections]
Use standard formatting: 12 point Times font with 1” margins
and double spacing. PDF
submissions only.
1
3
Econ Principles Milestone 1
Precious Teasley

Dr. Scott
September 6,2022
The primary teaching facility for the Leonard M. Miller School
of Medicine at the University of Miami is the accredited, non-
profit Jackson Memorial Hospital. Jackson Memorial Hospital,
which has more than 1,550 licensed beds, serves as a referral
facility, attracts researchers, and is the location of the Ryder
Trauma Hospital, the only adult and pediatric Level 1 trauma
center in Miami-Dade County. The primary teaching facility for
the Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine at the University of
Miami is the accredited, non-profit Jackson Memorial Hospital
(Jackson et al., 2002). Jackson Memorial Hospital, which has
more than 1,550 licensed beds, serves as a referral facility,
attracts researchers, and is the location of the Ryder Trauma
Hospital, the only adult and pediatric Level 1 trauma center in
Miami-Dade County.
Patients bear a significant financial burden due to lower
insurance payments. In addition, COVID-19 pandemic victims
and their families are being compelled to pay extra for even
simple and commonplace services due to job loss or layoffs.
The patient is now the third-largest payer, after Medicare and
Medicaid, according to Jackson Hospital's vice president of

revenue cycle; therefore, the financial risk these developments
posed to Jackson Hospital had to be addressed.
The management aimed to implement contemporary methods to
involve patients early in discussions about financial obligations,
payment alternatives, and agreements (Jackson et al.,2002). To
improve patient collections, Jackson Hospital looked for
effective ways to convey patient balances and payment choices
for services provided. Among the objectives were lowering
collection expenses and raising patient satisfaction. A $1.2
billion, not-for-profit, independently run acute care hospital,
Jackson Hospital is located in a working-class neighborhood
with blue-collar residents (Tookes et al., 2015). Their
population's payer mix is 56% Medicare, 11% Medicaid, and 6%
self-pay, and their patients' average credit scores are under 600.
From the financial statements available, this organization has no
notable spike in revenue attributable to increased injuries and
accidents related to the ice during the winter season.
References
Jackson, C. A., Derose, K. P., Chiesa, J., & Escarce, J. J.
(2002). Hospital Care for the Uninsured in Miami-Dade County.

Hospital Finance and Patient Travel Patterns. RAND CORP
SANTA MONICA CA.
Tookes, H., Diaz, C., Li, H., Khalid, R., & Doblecki-Lewis, S.
(2015). A cost analysis of hospitalizations for infections related
to injection drug use at a county safety-net hospital in Miami,
Florida. PloS one, 10(6), e0129360.
7
Precious Teasley
Dr. Scott
October 6,2022
Organizational Impact and Recommendations
Introduction
Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine is a constituent college
of the University of Miami (Miller). The University of Miami
gives top-of-the-line patient care as it houses the region's best
doctors, backed by the extensive research conducted by the
School of Medicine. The health care system brings together

patient care, innovative research, and education, a critical
approach to offering health care ("About Us - Jackson Health
Foundation", 2021). Within the Uhealth system, patients can
participate in clinical trials and be the immediate beneficiaries
of the innovations implemented fast from the laboratory to the
bedside. The health system, consisting of over 1800 providers
and specialists, provides state-of-the-art medical treatment for
every patient.
The university has an affiliate hospital called Jackson Memorial
Hospital, a central research area for medical studies, and a
referral center. With over 600 doctors and over 1550 beds, the
facility offers clinical practice and admits patients for medical
care. The hospital comprises the Jackson Health System, which
receives donations from the public and people of goodwill, the
government, and other institutions. The facility also offers
subsidized and funded medical care to the community that
depends on it.
Nonprofit or For-Profit
As a nonprofit academic medical organization, Jackson Health
System provides top-notch care to everybody who enters its
doors. Jackson Health System ensures that all Miami-Dade
County citizens are provided with the same high standard of
care regardless of their capacity to pay. The Public Health Trust
governs the Jackson Health System, a group of citizen
volunteers who act on behalf of the Miami-Dade Board of
County Commissioners ("Jackson Memorial Hospital | 24/7
Emergency Services in Miami", 2021). The philanthropic
fundraising arm of South Florida's most comprehensive
healthcare system, Jackson Health System (JHS), is called
Jackson Health Foundation. A volunteer board of directors
oversees the Foundation, founded in 1991, and is dedicated to
charitable endeavors supporting JHS's medical programs and
services. The Foundation contributes to addressing the
programmatic needs and gaps in significant capital projects that
are not covered by public bond financing. This is done through
the kindness of caring donors.

Financials, Market, and Demand
Demand Theory
According to Goldberger (2019), the demand theory stipulates
that the quantity of products or services consumers demand
directly affects the prices that the products and services will go
for in the market. Typically, when the demand for a product is
very high, the supply of the product may be low. With this
effect, the prices of the products or services will go up. On the
other hand, when demand is low, the supply of the products and
services may be high, leading to price drops. This is also
happening in the medical sector, where disease outbreaks and
pandemonium increase the demand for specific types of
medicine and medical services. This is expected to earn a health
facility more revenue than the rest of the working periods.
While looking at the 2021 audited accounts of the Jackson
Health System, compared to the FY 2019 report, during the
pandemic outbreak, the hospital system raised more revenues. In
FY 2021, the Jackson Health Foundation Inc. reported total
revenue of $14,635,358 compared to the audited accounts
financial information reported in FY 2019, which showed that
the foundation had total revenue of $11,088,938 (Andrea
Suozzo, 2022). This is an indication that during the COVID-19
pandemic, the need for medical services increased, making the
facility record a very high revenue.
Market Behavior Impact
Regarding market behavior, several circumstances can be
considered; political climate, health issues, and the availability
of medical services. Whereas market behavior is not a
perspective that can be controlled, it can only be tackled after it
has happened. Looking at the Jackson Health System, the onset
of Covid-19 was a health crisis that had not been thought of
before. There was no readiness for the pandemic as it was a
natural occurrence. This resulted in a shift with which medical
services were offered. With the demands to practice social
distancing, movement restrictions, and the need to sanitize
frequently, the firm changed how to interact with its patients

("Jackson Health System - 2021 Report To The Community",
2021). The foundation developed an online portal where doctors
could interact with patients virtually. In so doing, the hospital
continued to operate and made more revenues, as indicted in its
books of accounts.
Economic Legislative Changes
Legislative Changes
Many of the beneficiaries of the Jackson Health System are
Medicaid patients; the health system, on the other hand, is the
biggest Medicaid provider. The facilities under the health care
system need to pay their workers who help serve the
community, amounting to $150 million annually. The
lawmakers, early in the financial year 2022, cut the additional
“critical care” funding to a tune of $71 million for Jackson
Health System (Gorchow, 2022). This implies that the facility
will be financially constrained to offer medical services to the
community. This will likely affect the community’s health
services delivery as the facility will be forced to reduce the
workforce or the amount of subsidy it gives to the patients on
their medical billing. Therefore, the legislative changes are not
friendly and will negatively impact the firm.
Policy Changes and Impact
Jackson health system is a non for profit organization intended
to make access to affordable health care system easy and
manageable. One of the positive impacts that the form has had
on the community is to take in as many community members as
possible who are interested in offering healthcare services. The
cost of operations is rising due to inflation and supply chain
issues, making the company work on a very tight budget. The
impacts that come with the scrapping of the “critical care”
funding will force the firm to look into alternatives that will
make it continue to operate. The firm has now embarked on a
target to add more paying patients into the system to manage
funds deficits. This has a harmful effect somehow to service
delivery as the paying patients will be given priority.
Statement Impact

The initiative by Jackson health system to offer non for profit
medical services is a bold move that has improved the quality of
life for many of the community members. This is in terms of
controlling and healing diseases and offering employment
opportunities to many students in the health sciences academic
programs. One of the key pillars or support systems for the
sustenance of this program is the “critical care” funding from
the federal government. With the scraping of the funding, the
health systems will have rising costs that will negatively impact
the profits realized. This will see the company register a rising
expenses burden, an “unhealthy” financial report.
Potential Disparities
For sustainable operations, the health system must cut
nonpaying patients and add paying patients to the system. This
will negatively impact the provision of accessible, affordable
medical care as the facilities will shift the interest to the paying
customers to raise more funds required to sustain the operations
in the facilities. The potential disparities in healthcare service
provision preferences will hurt the community at large,
especially for the patients who come from vulnerable homes and
are not on any health insurance plan or are not in a position to
cater to their huge medication bills.

References
About Us - Jackson Health Foundation. Jackson Health
Foundation. (2021). Retrieved 6 October 2022, from
https://jacksonhealthfoundation.org/about-us/.
Andrea Suozzo, B. (2022).
Jackson Health Foundation Inc - Nonprofit Explorer -
ProPublica. ProPublica. Retrieved 6 October 2022, from
https://projects.propublica.org/nonprofits/organizations/650077
727.
Goldberger A. S. (2019).
Functional form and utility : a review of consumer
demand theory. Routledge.
https://doi.org/10.4324/9780429044144
Gorchow, J. (2022).
Jackson Health System in precarious financial situation
after "critical care" funding eliminated. Cbsnews.com.
Retrieved 6 October 2022, from
https://www.cbsnews.com/miami/news/jackson-health-
system-critical-care-funding-eliminated/.
Jackson Health System - 2021 Report To The Community.
Issuu.com. (2021). Retrieved 6 October 2022, from
https://issuu.com/jacksonhealthsystem/docs/annual-
report-2021.
Jackson Memorial Hospital | 24/7 Emergency Services in
Miami. Jackson Health System. (2021). Retrieved 6 October
2022, from
https://jacksonhealth.org/locations/jackson-memorial-
hospital/.

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