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1607500607.plate tectonics ppt lesson grade 10
- 1. Pate Tee ICS Evolutionof the Earth
- 2. • Volcanoes andhotspots • Earthquakes • Tectonic plates • Tectonic motion • Reconstruction of the Earth s history
- 3. 5,200 km 6,371km (3,200 mi) (3,959 mi)
- 4. Solid iron innercore (5 I 50-6370 km) Crust (0-40 km) Liquid iron outer core (2891-51SO km) Mantle (40-2891 km) (c)
- 5. crust or mane ot e earf . • The hot, liquid rock will break through weak spots in the surface and form volcanoes or flood basalts. • Many volcanoes do not release lava, instead they spit ash and small bits of lava called lapilli. • Some eruptions are quiet with very fluid (low viscosity) lava flows while others are explosive
- 6.
- 7. Mt. St. Helenbefore the explosive eruption
- 8.
- 9. _./ r) jr_;sl (Jr_) 8 rj Time lapse of the eruption
- 10. Mt. St. Helenafter the eruption
- 11. MSl«l5_MOVIE_dome_from_sugarbowl_06-16_to_08-!6- 0S_c00l)ressed Mt. St. Helensbegins the rebuilding process
- 12. Volcano Crater Main Vent Caldera MagmaChamber Lava Flow
- 13.
- 14. From McDougal LittellPower point resources A cinder cone is made up of loose rock fragments and cinders that form as gas-rich magma erupts. A shield volcano is made up of many layers of low-silica lava. A composite volcano consists of layers of erupted rock fragments and cooled flows of highsilica lava.
- 15. 1509 Holocene andActive Volcanos go• -i=:t==J:==i= f=l::t"'T1F111"Fn-- r:tl ::.:c... ET':I 60° 30· o· --..--,..--------:, -30° -t-1t:::ll--f--7f'CTHH±*. t t:jp#i ""t-=t::::t=;::t--r.:;t:et--+--+-+--+- 1'+-.P.. -60· -F-l-+1--J---++-..ti..---1..;-,.-..+--,..r..-~-1--t.-....l 11;;:b::l ! tf=f-H_; -go· ...,.......1==:=aj,......--1==!:::::=+-----+===t"""""--+===:!::=1o..-=...=. i,...,."""""===11 o· 30• 50• go• 120· 1so· 1ao· - 1so·-120· -go• -60· -3o· o· ijj t.Ii am Jan s 1s:3654 ! Stn• Gaa Kdiquidistant Cylindrical Pl"Oject ion
- 16. the earth. •This onlyoccurs where the earth is solid and therefore can only occur within about 100 miles of the surface •Earthquakes provide the best evidence regarding the interior structure of the Earth.
- 20.
- 21. Normal faults formas rocks are pulled apart. Photo from: McDougal Littell Power Point resources.
- 22. Reverse faults formas rocks are pushed together. Photo from: McDougal Littell Power Point resources.
- 23. Strike-slip faults formas rocks are pushed horizontally in opposite directions. Photo from: McDougal Littell Power Point resources.
- 24. (a) P-wave motion Slipon fault Compressional T wave- (b) $-wave motion Slip on fault . Shear- wave crest Vvavedire
- 25. Seismograph Core 0 10 20 Minutes 304 0 50 p s I - ---- I Surface waves -j lj jl
- 26. colum n pushed up t t t t Seafloor -_.;..-.-=t',rMotion of fault block Tidal waves or Tsunamis result when a large section of the sea floor suddenly moves and therefore displaces a massive amount of water.
- 27. No wave moo on Shallow waterwave s Depch< ; C andLdepend ondepth only; h1i.,t11 lnctNNS --- tntermedale waves C and L decfea9e u depthctet,eues, height ll'ICf88888 Dept h t Oep4h > ; Cand La,e constanl and depend on wave period, T. onty, height .constant Tidal waves or Tsunamis result when the low amplitude long wavelength waves reach the shallow shoreline and begin to feel the bottom of the sea floor. This Shortens the wavelength and increase the amplitude (height).
- 28. Crust.al Plate Boundariesii'.: j CoasUines, Political Boundaries Location of worldwide earthquakes
- 29. Global Seismicity (1910- 99, magnitudes >= 4.5) 9o· C:::::'.:+ =::::...:r:;,::_- ::,:._r 7--,-7,-7r- T':;;.i-:.:. :- ii---:J -75° ..go•-..., ,. ....,_--1--...i.--""""'---+m,, --I +---......---1---1-----1---11 75•-"tl-llP so· 45• · · 30° 4----:,c=z:.: 15°.- o· -1 s· -3o·-w== :TI! -45• -60· --· "t....,... 60° Depth: Red <100km; Purple: 100--300 km; Black: > 300 km; 120· 1so· 1so· .1so· - 120· _30• o· Earthquakes by depth. Notice that the deep earthquakes occur only at subduction zones.
- 31. South Americ a -- ·"". !' " ..; .• 1 - Afric a Our first evidence of tectonic motion is based on similar fossils and rock types on opposing sides of the ocean
- 32.
- 33. Today plate boundariesare determined by examining the location of volcanoes and earthquakes. Volcanoes result from the friction (heat) of the plates motion. Earthquakes occur where plate rub against one another
- 34. Euf'21.i2n Pbu E1,1r.ua, P'tau . . a0.--". "."".'. '-'"""' l,m.,. Philippi"' bbnd"< ,-..,cl, -• """ _,,,..,... A.n.itoli:i.n Plate .......lea M11.!w. ·.-Ba.d,Oo f>ed Caribbe.m G«da Ptu. Pi t:,, f - N ,,a .z ,a .i ;;, . . • S...lh Am........ Pl;,,. I e-.n,., . ,...--
- 35. Global Seisrnicity (1910- 99, magnitudes >= 4.5) go• s= 75° 60° 45° 30° 15° • o· -30• -H+'-, ;;,;4 45• -600 -75° -90•.....,--m1---m1---...---t->--a1am-- a1---.....--......--m1---,+,a-- aj,,a,--mll ' ' 30° so· 90° 120· 1so· 1so· -1so· -120° .go• -60° -30° o' Depth: Red <100km; Purple:100-- 300 km; Black: > 300 km;
- 36. Crust.al Plate Boundariesii'.: j CoasUines, Political Boundaries
- 39. Another source of evidenceis based on seafloor ages which get younger as we approach sea floor ridges -30° 30• 60" 90" 120• 1so • 1so0 21o· - 330" o· 67.7 83.S Age (Ma) 120.◄131.9 I·• 126.7 139.6 I S4.l
- 40. Our final pieceof evidence is the magnetic record of the ocean floor. This shows the pattern of reversal and we find a near perfect mirror image on opposing sides of the ridge t 1 Narm11UrtmR n o pa.bur D RtlftfDlll1J1111tc . polilll t1 - Mld-DcElllolcrld,gBI;.·:::::; :;=;;=:!; ;::: Lidlo.,...,e 0 001jITT.dk! L I(!.ft @ ISDllJtil,ltlOC 5l(Jll!J
- 41. • Crust -soli atively low density silicate rock • Mantle - Semi fluid, denser, mafic (iron and magnesium bearing) rocks • Core - Liquid then solid iron and nickel with traces of heavier elements
- 42. • It turnsout that the upper section of the mantle is adhered (stuck to the underside side of the crust to form what we call tectonic plates
- 43. one another • Divergent -plates move away from each other • Transform - plate moves sideways from each other
- 44.
- 45. "'-'•"li-,,.!r;,_-:: - Plate Diverlt / plate boundary Convergent Transform / Convergent plateboua::;ebory 1ary i Oceanic Volcano spreading Volcano Island arc --1 ridge Trench - -- - .k" CM1 Continental rift zone (young plate boundary) "" Subducllng plate Continental crust f- -- Hotapot o''6 , - Continental crust Ancient OCNllic crust Continental-continental convergence Oceanic crust ,, -- --- J '- "' __ / Continental CtUSt Oceamc-conlinental convergence
- 46.
- 47. CONVERGENT BOUNDARY: prate subductionContinental lithosphere Mountain building Deep-sea trench L •Dis!ributlon of earthquakes
- 48.
- 49. Continantal -- c ... r ... u .. st Lltho.sphete .. .LithOSphere ----. ..... Asthenosph•r• '- ndent oce•nlc CflJlt
- 50. The only subductionzone in the Atlantic
- 51. 243,458 mag>=l eventsfrom04/19/197S • SIZT/19?5, Central Japao 4s• --- =-- -- -=---==i,..,,.;.;:;,--,=,i Looking at the depth of earthquakes shows that angle that the plate is being subducted 3s•1---=1- +• 132• 134• 13s• 13s• 140· 142· 144• 14s• 14s• e -100 '&.200 -300 +- -+- -+-................ - - - . . Longltuct. 132 134 136 138 140 142 144 146 148 lf4',11JU3011:131ohz..einiofy.,p«1Q._Jip..
- 53.
- 54. 40'N 30'N 20'N 10'N ....:,: " ....;q.,..: :-< , - ,..:,:--- ;,' -1. I -:- -., go·w so·w 1o· w so· w TopographyVersion3.2. SIO. November 17, 2000 so· w 40'W ao· w ..., . = c:..-.. ,-;,,; --:.1 2o·w 1o· w o· ICMll2003 Mar2013
- 56. Dlver nt boundarl $ Tran$formfault boundary . / Astheflospher e (b )
- 57.
- 59. The Forces Thatcause Plate Tectonics Image source: h14>://pubs.usgs.goY/publlcatiOl'ls/t dvnam1e.html Ridge & p)Ll" I Uthosphere Trench "'s'-"' -..-- Mantle / - .., . ) I Outer core core
- 60. movement of the plates. -Slab pull • The sinking of the cooled dense oceanic plates pulls on the rest of the plate - Ridge rises • The material deposited on the top of the ridge slides downs from the rise pushing on the plate - Convection • Movement within the mantle could be part of the driving force behind the motion of the plates.
- 61.
- 62. The break up of Pangea PEIIMIAN Ubmlloon _, tfO JURASSI C 135million yea,1•oo CRETACEO US es m,11onyt1,.ego
- 63. We appear tobe headed for another super continent as North America, South America, Asia and Australia converge in the ever shrinking Pacific Ocean
- 64. http://www.worldofteaching.com is hometo over a thousand powerpoints submitted by teachers. This is a completely free site and requires no registration. Please visit and I hope it will help in your teaching.