PTQ injections involve injecting silicone particles suspended in a hydrogel carrier into the internal anal sphincter to treat faecal incontinence. The silicone provides a "padding effect" to promote anal closure. Studies show PTQ injections improve anal sphincter pressures and short-term continence scores. Long-term follow up studies on larger numbers of patients are still needed to determine optimal techniques and long-term effectiveness.

1. PTQ Injections for Faecal Incontinence Michelle Tan Su Wei

10. Standard PTQ treatment includes three 2.5 ml PTQ implants and one implantation needle to provide product for trans-dermal augmentation at multiple sites within the internal anal sphincter

13. The Figure shows the PTQ™ implant being injected into the anal sphincter. The operators finger guides the needle, 3 or 4 sites are injected this way

17. EAS IAS

18. Improvement of Wexner Continence Scale Before injection: median of 13.05 (range 5-20) 1 month after injection: 4.5 (range 2-7.7) 3 months after injection: 5.06 (range 0-16) 6 months after injection: 5.06 (range 0-16) 1 year after injection: 6.2 (range 0-16) 2 years after injection: 9.4 (range 1-20) Portilla et al

19. Table 2 The Wexner Score Frequency Type of incontinence Never Rarely Sometimes Usually Always Solid 0 1 2 3 4 Liquid 0 1 2 3 4 Gas 0 1 2 3 4 Wears pad 0 1 2 3 4 Lifestyle alteration 0 1 2 3 4 Never: 0 Rarely: <1/month Sometimes: <1/week, >1/month Usually: <1/day, >1/week Always: >1/day 0  Perfect 20  Complete incontinence

24. A) Endoanal US showing site of needle injection in intersphinteric space (circle) B) PTQ implant after injection

25. CLINICAL RESULTS FROM DIFFERENT CLINICAL TRIALS ON PTQ ™ IMPLANTS