This document provides an introduction to starting a wholesale distribution business. It discusses the role of wholesale distributors in moving products from manufacturers to retailers and end users. Total US wholesale distribution sales are approximately $3.2 trillion annually. The document recommends having a sales background and operational skills to run the business functions like warehousing, shipping, and customer service. It also notes that hundreds of new wholesale distribution businesses are started each year.
This chapter defines retailing as the sale of goods and services to final consumers. It discusses different types of retailers based on ownership, store format, and non-store operations. It also explores five aspects of retail planning: store location, atmosphere, merchandise selection, trends in retailing formats over time, and technological advances like customizing jeans orders using automated data from sales floors. Retailing is a major economic sector, with US retail sales exceeding $4 trillion annually and over 25 million US retail jobs.
Wholesale Distribution Performance Managementpatrickwjones
The document discusses performance management in wholesale distribution. It outlines a performance management lifecycle that begins with a well-articulated business strategy and establishes key operating objectives. Measures and targets must be aligned to move the wholesaler in the desired direction. The lifecycle includes setting measures and targets, monitoring and evaluating progress, and planning and executing to address challenges. A successful performance management program integrates this continuous cycle with an infrastructure that supports goals and a culture of accountability.
The document provides an overview of retailing. It discusses that retailing involves selling goods directly to consumers for personal use. Retailers perform important functions like anticipating consumer wants, acquiring a variety of products, and providing convenient access. Retailing is an important link between manufacturers and consumers by making products easily available. While entry into retailing has low barriers, retailers must successfully cater to consumer needs to survive in this competitive industry.
Chapter 1 3
Introduction 3
Importance of Retailing 4
Economic Justification for retailing 4
GENERAL SERVICES 5
Facilitating Services: 6
Chapter 1 3
Introduction 3
Importance of Retailing 4
Economic Justification for retailing 4
GENERAL SERVICES 5
Facilitating Services: 6
Overview of Retail Sector 8
Summary 9
Chapter 2 10
TYPES OF STORES 10
Major Types of Retail Stores 10
Department Stores 10
Classification of Department Stores 11
Location of Department Stores 12
Future of Department Stores 14
Super Markets: 14
Advantages of supermarkets 15
Limitations of Supermarkets 15
Discount Houses 16
Chain Stores or Multiple Shops 16
Advantages of chain stores or multiple shops 17
Limitations of chain stores or multiple shops 17
Non-Store Retailing 18
Direct Selling 18
Advantages of Direct Selling 19
Limitations of Direct Selling 19
Online Retailing: 21
Automatic vending 22
Direct Marketing 23
Franchising 24
Summary 25
Chapter 3 26
RETAIL STRATEGY 26
Overview: 26
Function of a strategy 26
Retailers classified by marketing Strategies 26
OPERATING EXPENSES AND PROFITS 28
COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO PHYSICAL FACILITIES 28
LOCATION 29
DESIGN 29
LAYOUT 29
ASSESSING COMPETITORS CURENT STRATEGIES 29
TECHNOLOGY STRATEGY 31
The document discusses different types and classifications of retailers. It begins by defining retailing as the set of activities used to sell products or services to consumers for personal use. Retailers perform functions like anticipating customer wants and acquiring products. Retailers can be classified in different ways such as by number of outlets, location, size, or ownership structure (independent, chain, franchise, cooperative). The document also discusses emerging retail formats like e-commerce and trends in retail business models.
The document discusses marketing channels and distribution. It defines marketing channels as the structure of intra-company and extra-company organizations that link producers and consumers. The key participants in distribution channels are producers, intermediaries, and consumers. Common distribution strategies include intensive distribution, selective distribution, and exclusive distribution. Wholesalers sell goods to retailers or other businesses for resale, while retailers sell directly to end consumers. Wholesalers provide stocking, financing, and market information to help producers and retailers. Common types of retailers include department stores, discount stores, supermarkets, and convenience stores.
This document provides an overview of the retail industry in India. It discusses the conceptual framework of retailing including definitions, the development of retail trade and chains, and the supply chain. It then discusses the Indian retail industry including key statistics on its size and growth, the share of organized versus unorganized retail, and common retail formats seen in India like supermarkets, department stores, and hypermarkets. It also provides a brief introduction to the city of Kota, Rajasthan, which is known for its coaching institutes that help students prepare for engineering and medical entrance exams.
This chapter defines retailing as the sale of goods and services to final consumers. It discusses different types of retailers based on ownership, store format, and non-store operations. It also explores five aspects of retail planning: store location, atmosphere, merchandise selection, trends in retailing formats over time, and technological advances like customizing jeans orders using automated data from sales floors. Retailing is a major economic sector, with US retail sales exceeding $4 trillion annually and over 25 million US retail jobs.
Wholesale Distribution Performance Managementpatrickwjones
The document discusses performance management in wholesale distribution. It outlines a performance management lifecycle that begins with a well-articulated business strategy and establishes key operating objectives. Measures and targets must be aligned to move the wholesaler in the desired direction. The lifecycle includes setting measures and targets, monitoring and evaluating progress, and planning and executing to address challenges. A successful performance management program integrates this continuous cycle with an infrastructure that supports goals and a culture of accountability.
The document provides an overview of retailing. It discusses that retailing involves selling goods directly to consumers for personal use. Retailers perform important functions like anticipating consumer wants, acquiring a variety of products, and providing convenient access. Retailing is an important link between manufacturers and consumers by making products easily available. While entry into retailing has low barriers, retailers must successfully cater to consumer needs to survive in this competitive industry.
Chapter 1 3
Introduction 3
Importance of Retailing 4
Economic Justification for retailing 4
GENERAL SERVICES 5
Facilitating Services: 6
Chapter 1 3
Introduction 3
Importance of Retailing 4
Economic Justification for retailing 4
GENERAL SERVICES 5
Facilitating Services: 6
Overview of Retail Sector 8
Summary 9
Chapter 2 10
TYPES OF STORES 10
Major Types of Retail Stores 10
Department Stores 10
Classification of Department Stores 11
Location of Department Stores 12
Future of Department Stores 14
Super Markets: 14
Advantages of supermarkets 15
Limitations of Supermarkets 15
Discount Houses 16
Chain Stores or Multiple Shops 16
Advantages of chain stores or multiple shops 17
Limitations of chain stores or multiple shops 17
Non-Store Retailing 18
Direct Selling 18
Advantages of Direct Selling 19
Limitations of Direct Selling 19
Online Retailing: 21
Automatic vending 22
Direct Marketing 23
Franchising 24
Summary 25
Chapter 3 26
RETAIL STRATEGY 26
Overview: 26
Function of a strategy 26
Retailers classified by marketing Strategies 26
OPERATING EXPENSES AND PROFITS 28
COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO PHYSICAL FACILITIES 28
LOCATION 29
DESIGN 29
LAYOUT 29
ASSESSING COMPETITORS CURENT STRATEGIES 29
TECHNOLOGY STRATEGY 31
The document discusses different types and classifications of retailers. It begins by defining retailing as the set of activities used to sell products or services to consumers for personal use. Retailers perform functions like anticipating customer wants and acquiring products. Retailers can be classified in different ways such as by number of outlets, location, size, or ownership structure (independent, chain, franchise, cooperative). The document also discusses emerging retail formats like e-commerce and trends in retail business models.
The document discusses marketing channels and distribution. It defines marketing channels as the structure of intra-company and extra-company organizations that link producers and consumers. The key participants in distribution channels are producers, intermediaries, and consumers. Common distribution strategies include intensive distribution, selective distribution, and exclusive distribution. Wholesalers sell goods to retailers or other businesses for resale, while retailers sell directly to end consumers. Wholesalers provide stocking, financing, and market information to help producers and retailers. Common types of retailers include department stores, discount stores, supermarkets, and convenience stores.
This document provides an overview of the retail industry in India. It discusses the conceptual framework of retailing including definitions, the development of retail trade and chains, and the supply chain. It then discusses the Indian retail industry including key statistics on its size and growth, the share of organized versus unorganized retail, and common retail formats seen in India like supermarkets, department stores, and hypermarkets. It also provides a brief introduction to the city of Kota, Rajasthan, which is known for its coaching institutes that help students prepare for engineering and medical entrance exams.
Customer Relationship Management is a continuously updated process that identifies customer value and designs interactions to delight customers so they remain loyal and become brand ambassadors. Successful CRM requires full employee involvement and appropriate technology. Retailing involves the last interaction between a company's products and consumers. It is highly personalized and relies on consistent customer visits to be successful. Various retail formats have emerged to classify different types of stores.
The document discusses channels of distribution and the different intermediaries involved in moving products from manufacturers to consumers. It describes wholesalers as intermediaries that buy large quantities from manufacturers and resell to retailers. Retailers sell directly to consumers for personal use, either through physical stores or non-store methods like catalogues, TV, and online. Agents bring buyers and sellers together but do not take ownership of goods. Products typically move through multiple channels from manufacturer to wholesaler to retailer to consumer, though some steps may be skipped.
This document discusses various topics related to retailing including:
1. The functions of retailers as intermediaries between manufacturers and consumers.
2. Different types of retailers from large hypermarkets to small independent shops.
3. Advantages and disadvantages of large and small-scale retailing.
4. Trends in retailing like online shopping and loyalty programs.
1. The document discusses the meaning, functions, importance, scope, and nature of retailing. Retailing involves the sale of goods and services to the final consumer.
2. Key functions of retailing include understanding customer needs, buying and assembling products, breaking bulk, warehousing, selling, providing credit, bearing risks, grading/packing, and collecting market information.
3. Retailing provides employment, contributes to the economy, dominates the supply chain, and offers convenience to customers through product availability and location. The scope of retailing is wide and continues to grow and change with technology.
The document provides an overview of retailing and sales management. It discusses key concepts like what constitutes retailing, the functions of retailers, different retail formats organized by ownership, merchandise, and store type. It also covers topics like evolution of Indian retail, private label brands, theories of retail development, consumer behavior and decision making, merchandising, and the role of merchandisers.
This document outlines 15 key factors that can increase the value of a business. It discusses developing proprietary products, serving niche markets with a sharp focus, selling consumable products to generate repeat business, and building an organized team to reduce risk for potential buyers and command a higher sale price. The overall message is that addressing these factors can maximize the value of a business for a future sale, borrowing, or transfer of ownership.
Retail marketing involves promoting awareness and sales of a company's products directly to consumers. In India, retail is emerging as organized chains replace local stores. Global retailers are entering India due to increasing purchasing power. Retail provides manufacturers access to consumers through strategically located stores. It plays a key role in the marketing channel as the link between manufacturers/wholesalers and consumers. Retail affects the economy positively by generating jobs, taxes, and increased consumption. However, issues include manufacturers competing directly through e-commerce and price wars fueled by discounts.
This is a primer for entrepreneurs on the art of maximizing value in the sale of a business. Rule #1: Run your business as though it will be sold tomorrow. That way, you will always be in the best possible position to take advantage of rapidly changing market circumstances, including extracting the best deal from unsolicited offers to sell.
Retailing involves the sale of goods directly to consumers for personal use, while wholesaling involves the sale of goods to retailers. There are two main types of retailers: store retailers which operate out of physical locations, and non-store retailers which sell through methods like catalogs, telemarketing, or online. Store retailers can be further classified by factors like the level of service provided, the breadth of products offered, relative pricing compared to competitors, and whether they are independent businesses or part of a chain. Non-store retailing is growing faster than store retailing and includes direct marketing, direct selling, and automatic vending.
This document provides an overview of mass retailers and their functions. It begins with introducing the members of Group 7 and providing definitions and background on retailing. It then discusses distribution channels and the need for them. The document outlines different types of channels and describes mass retailers and how they differ from typical retailers. It proceeds to list and describe various types of mass retailers and their key functions, which include reasonable discounts, bulk transactions, emphasis on brands and standards, customer service, variety, and bargaining power with suppliers. The retail product lifecycle and functions of mass retailers like qualified staffing are also summarized.
This document provides an overview of food retailing in India. It discusses the evolution of food retailing from small roadside shops to modern retail stores. It also describes the major types of retail stores like department stores, supermarkets, hypermarkets and chain stores. Non-store retailing methods like direct selling, telemarketing, online retailing and direct marketing are also outlined. The top 10 food retailers in India are listed, and some of the leading food retail brands like Food World, Apna Bazaar and Reliance Fresh are briefly profiled. Competition in the Indian food retail industry is described as fierce, with retailers differentiating through pricing and product offerings.
Vskills retail management professional sample materialVskills
The document defines key terms related to retail supply chains. It provides a reference model that depicts the typical flow of goods from second-tier suppliers to original equipment manufacturers, distributors, retailers, and finally to customers. It defines a supply chain as comprising physical, information, financial, and knowledge flows across multiple linked suppliers that aim to satisfy end user requirements. Supply chain management is defined as the integration of key business processes across organizations to add value for customers. The document emphasizes that supply chains include both forward and reverse flows of goods, information, and money.
Retailing involves the business activities of selling goods and services directly to consumers for their personal use. It is the last stage in the distribution channel between manufacturers and consumers. Retailers provide an assortment of products from various manufacturers, break bulk quantities into smaller units for consumers, and hold stock to maintain inventory and availability for consumers. In addition to selling core products, retailers also provide important services to consumers like product displays, sales assistance, home delivery, and sometimes credit. Retail management requires understanding consumers and using various tools to ensure a satisfying shopping experience.
1. The document discusses different types of business models including serial entrepreneur, manufacturer, inventor, wholesaler, landlord, contractor, and more.
2. It explains key parts of business models like the value proposition, customer segments, distribution channels, core competencies, and revenue streams.
3. Licensing a business model can generate upfront fees and ongoing royalties. It allows commercializing an innovation without developing the entire product independently, but the firm may receive less recognition. Costs and benefits must be considered.
Educaterer India is an unique combination of passion driven into a hobby which makes an awesome profession. We carve the lives of enthusiastic candidates to a perfect professional who can impress upon the mindsets of the industry, while following the established traditions, can dare to set new standards to follow. We don't want you to be the part of the crowd, rather we like to make you the reason of the crowd.
Today's Effort For A Better Tomorrow
This document discusses retail management. It provides definitions of retail management and describes the key functions of retailers, including sorting products, breaking bulk, holding stock, providing additional services, and acting as a communication channel. It also classifies different types of retail institutions such as independent retailers, chain retailers, franchises, leased departments, and others. Overall, the document provides an overview of retail management concepts and classifications of retail institutions.
This document discusses retail management. It begins by defining retail and retail management. It then covers retail functions like sorting, breaking bulk, holding stock, and additional services. It discusses the benefits of retail for consumers, manufacturers, and wholesalers. It also classifies different types of retail institutions like independent retailers, chain retailers, franchising, leased departments, and more. Finally, it provides examples of different types of retail stores.
Wholesaling and its importance, Types of Wholesalers - Merchant Wholesalers, Agents and Brokers, Manufacturer’s Wholesalers, Strategic Issues in Wholesaling - Target Market Decisions, Marketing Mix Decisions Trends Shaping Wholesale Distribution - Functional Overlap, Increased Services, Pricing and Credit,, Regional Coverage Organizational Form and Size, Impact of Information Technology on Wholesaling - Challenges in Wholesaling -Inventory Management, Sales Management, Promotion Management, Financial Planning and Management - Retailing and its Importance - Importance to Consumers, Source of Employment - Evolution of Retailing and types of retailing
تحديات المستقبل
رؤية مستقبلية
دراســة فى مستقبـل نمو المشكـلات الحاليـه وإقتـراح بكيفيــة التصـرف فى محاولةٍٍٍٍِْ لأيجـاد حلول من الواقع لهذه التحديات.
مهندس.استشارى/ محمد خلف
مارس 2011
Ventilation guidelines for minnesota commercial kitchensOsama Bekhit
This document provides definitions for various terms related to commercial kitchen ventilation (CKV) systems. It defines terms such as canopy hood, capture velocity, ductwork, exhaust fans, grease filters, hoods, make-up air and others. The purpose is to promote a common understanding of technical terms used for CKV design, review, installation and inspection.
Customer Relationship Management is a continuously updated process that identifies customer value and designs interactions to delight customers so they remain loyal and become brand ambassadors. Successful CRM requires full employee involvement and appropriate technology. Retailing involves the last interaction between a company's products and consumers. It is highly personalized and relies on consistent customer visits to be successful. Various retail formats have emerged to classify different types of stores.
The document discusses channels of distribution and the different intermediaries involved in moving products from manufacturers to consumers. It describes wholesalers as intermediaries that buy large quantities from manufacturers and resell to retailers. Retailers sell directly to consumers for personal use, either through physical stores or non-store methods like catalogues, TV, and online. Agents bring buyers and sellers together but do not take ownership of goods. Products typically move through multiple channels from manufacturer to wholesaler to retailer to consumer, though some steps may be skipped.
This document discusses various topics related to retailing including:
1. The functions of retailers as intermediaries between manufacturers and consumers.
2. Different types of retailers from large hypermarkets to small independent shops.
3. Advantages and disadvantages of large and small-scale retailing.
4. Trends in retailing like online shopping and loyalty programs.
1. The document discusses the meaning, functions, importance, scope, and nature of retailing. Retailing involves the sale of goods and services to the final consumer.
2. Key functions of retailing include understanding customer needs, buying and assembling products, breaking bulk, warehousing, selling, providing credit, bearing risks, grading/packing, and collecting market information.
3. Retailing provides employment, contributes to the economy, dominates the supply chain, and offers convenience to customers through product availability and location. The scope of retailing is wide and continues to grow and change with technology.
The document provides an overview of retailing and sales management. It discusses key concepts like what constitutes retailing, the functions of retailers, different retail formats organized by ownership, merchandise, and store type. It also covers topics like evolution of Indian retail, private label brands, theories of retail development, consumer behavior and decision making, merchandising, and the role of merchandisers.
This document outlines 15 key factors that can increase the value of a business. It discusses developing proprietary products, serving niche markets with a sharp focus, selling consumable products to generate repeat business, and building an organized team to reduce risk for potential buyers and command a higher sale price. The overall message is that addressing these factors can maximize the value of a business for a future sale, borrowing, or transfer of ownership.
Retail marketing involves promoting awareness and sales of a company's products directly to consumers. In India, retail is emerging as organized chains replace local stores. Global retailers are entering India due to increasing purchasing power. Retail provides manufacturers access to consumers through strategically located stores. It plays a key role in the marketing channel as the link between manufacturers/wholesalers and consumers. Retail affects the economy positively by generating jobs, taxes, and increased consumption. However, issues include manufacturers competing directly through e-commerce and price wars fueled by discounts.
This is a primer for entrepreneurs on the art of maximizing value in the sale of a business. Rule #1: Run your business as though it will be sold tomorrow. That way, you will always be in the best possible position to take advantage of rapidly changing market circumstances, including extracting the best deal from unsolicited offers to sell.
Retailing involves the sale of goods directly to consumers for personal use, while wholesaling involves the sale of goods to retailers. There are two main types of retailers: store retailers which operate out of physical locations, and non-store retailers which sell through methods like catalogs, telemarketing, or online. Store retailers can be further classified by factors like the level of service provided, the breadth of products offered, relative pricing compared to competitors, and whether they are independent businesses or part of a chain. Non-store retailing is growing faster than store retailing and includes direct marketing, direct selling, and automatic vending.
This document provides an overview of mass retailers and their functions. It begins with introducing the members of Group 7 and providing definitions and background on retailing. It then discusses distribution channels and the need for them. The document outlines different types of channels and describes mass retailers and how they differ from typical retailers. It proceeds to list and describe various types of mass retailers and their key functions, which include reasonable discounts, bulk transactions, emphasis on brands and standards, customer service, variety, and bargaining power with suppliers. The retail product lifecycle and functions of mass retailers like qualified staffing are also summarized.
This document provides an overview of food retailing in India. It discusses the evolution of food retailing from small roadside shops to modern retail stores. It also describes the major types of retail stores like department stores, supermarkets, hypermarkets and chain stores. Non-store retailing methods like direct selling, telemarketing, online retailing and direct marketing are also outlined. The top 10 food retailers in India are listed, and some of the leading food retail brands like Food World, Apna Bazaar and Reliance Fresh are briefly profiled. Competition in the Indian food retail industry is described as fierce, with retailers differentiating through pricing and product offerings.
Vskills retail management professional sample materialVskills
The document defines key terms related to retail supply chains. It provides a reference model that depicts the typical flow of goods from second-tier suppliers to original equipment manufacturers, distributors, retailers, and finally to customers. It defines a supply chain as comprising physical, information, financial, and knowledge flows across multiple linked suppliers that aim to satisfy end user requirements. Supply chain management is defined as the integration of key business processes across organizations to add value for customers. The document emphasizes that supply chains include both forward and reverse flows of goods, information, and money.
Retailing involves the business activities of selling goods and services directly to consumers for their personal use. It is the last stage in the distribution channel between manufacturers and consumers. Retailers provide an assortment of products from various manufacturers, break bulk quantities into smaller units for consumers, and hold stock to maintain inventory and availability for consumers. In addition to selling core products, retailers also provide important services to consumers like product displays, sales assistance, home delivery, and sometimes credit. Retail management requires understanding consumers and using various tools to ensure a satisfying shopping experience.
1. The document discusses different types of business models including serial entrepreneur, manufacturer, inventor, wholesaler, landlord, contractor, and more.
2. It explains key parts of business models like the value proposition, customer segments, distribution channels, core competencies, and revenue streams.
3. Licensing a business model can generate upfront fees and ongoing royalties. It allows commercializing an innovation without developing the entire product independently, but the firm may receive less recognition. Costs and benefits must be considered.
Educaterer India is an unique combination of passion driven into a hobby which makes an awesome profession. We carve the lives of enthusiastic candidates to a perfect professional who can impress upon the mindsets of the industry, while following the established traditions, can dare to set new standards to follow. We don't want you to be the part of the crowd, rather we like to make you the reason of the crowd.
Today's Effort For A Better Tomorrow
This document discusses retail management. It provides definitions of retail management and describes the key functions of retailers, including sorting products, breaking bulk, holding stock, providing additional services, and acting as a communication channel. It also classifies different types of retail institutions such as independent retailers, chain retailers, franchises, leased departments, and others. Overall, the document provides an overview of retail management concepts and classifications of retail institutions.
This document discusses retail management. It begins by defining retail and retail management. It then covers retail functions like sorting, breaking bulk, holding stock, and additional services. It discusses the benefits of retail for consumers, manufacturers, and wholesalers. It also classifies different types of retail institutions like independent retailers, chain retailers, franchising, leased departments, and more. Finally, it provides examples of different types of retail stores.
Wholesaling and its importance, Types of Wholesalers - Merchant Wholesalers, Agents and Brokers, Manufacturer’s Wholesalers, Strategic Issues in Wholesaling - Target Market Decisions, Marketing Mix Decisions Trends Shaping Wholesale Distribution - Functional Overlap, Increased Services, Pricing and Credit,, Regional Coverage Organizational Form and Size, Impact of Information Technology on Wholesaling - Challenges in Wholesaling -Inventory Management, Sales Management, Promotion Management, Financial Planning and Management - Retailing and its Importance - Importance to Consumers, Source of Employment - Evolution of Retailing and types of retailing
تحديات المستقبل
رؤية مستقبلية
دراســة فى مستقبـل نمو المشكـلات الحاليـه وإقتـراح بكيفيــة التصـرف فى محاولةٍٍٍٍِْ لأيجـاد حلول من الواقع لهذه التحديات.
مهندس.استشارى/ محمد خلف
مارس 2011
Ventilation guidelines for minnesota commercial kitchensOsama Bekhit
This document provides definitions for various terms related to commercial kitchen ventilation (CKV) systems. It defines terms such as canopy hood, capture velocity, ductwork, exhaust fans, grease filters, hoods, make-up air and others. The purpose is to promote a common understanding of technical terms used for CKV design, review, installation and inspection.
Differential pressure control australia case studyOsama Bekhit
Controlling differential pressure is important in variable flow hydronic systems to maintain proper control valve authority as loads and flows vary, as uncontrolled changes in differential pressure can cause control valves to operate in an on-off mode rather than modulating as intended. Differential pressure controllers installed on each branch of a hydronic system can maintain a relatively constant differential pressure to improve control valve performance and authority, leading to significant energy savings of around 50% compared to an uncontrolled balanced system. Proper differential pressure control is essential for optimizing hydronic system performance under varying conditions.
The document is an engineering handbook provided by Loren Cook Company as a reference guide for mechanical designers. It contains over 100 pages of information on fan basics and types, motor and drive systems, system design guidelines, ventilation design, duct design, heating and refrigeration systems, formulas, and conversion factors. The handbook serves as a single source of essential technical information for mechanical designers working with air movement and fluid flow systems.
Infrared heaters work by burning fuel to generate radiant heat, similar to how the sun warms objects. They can reduce required heating by 15% by focusing warmth where needed. Infrared heaters directly warm objects and people, which then re-radiate heat to the surrounding area. This allows efficient spot heating of specific zones without needing to heat entire spaces. Proper installation of multiple low-intensity infrared heaters throughout a large space provides balanced, efficient whole-building heating.
So you want to start a wholesale distributorship.
Whether you’re currently
a white-collar professional, a manager
worried about being downsized, or
bored with your current job, this may
be the right business for you.Much like
the merchant traders of the 18th century,
you’ll be trading goods for profit.
1) HVAC stands for heating, ventilation, and air conditioning and refers to the systems that heat and cool homes and buildings.
2) Key components of HVAC systems include air handling units, coils, condensers, furnaces, ductwork, filters and more.
3) HVAC systems are measured and assessed using various metrics like BTUs, SEER, HSPF and more that indicate their heating and cooling capacity and energy efficiency.
4) Proper maintenance, cleaning, and repairs can help HVAC systems operate safely and efficiently to condition the air in homes and buildings.
The document provides information on SAS's water and wastewater treatment systems and equipment. It describes typical flows and composition of untreated domestic wastewater. It then covers various unit treatment processes used at wastewater treatment plants including screens, pumps, equalization tanks, aeration, the Integrated Bio Active Clarifier (IBAC) system, filtration, disinfection, biosolids treatment, automation, and field instruments. The IBAC is presented as an innovative more compact alternative to conventional activated sludge plants that uses less energy and produces less sludge.
B2B payments are rapidly changing. Find out the 5 key questions you need to be asking yourself to be sure you are mastering B2B payments today. Learn more at www.BlueSnap.com.
Storytelling is an incredibly valuable tool to share data and information. To get the most impact from stories there are a number of key ingredients. These are based on science and human nature. Using these elements in a story you can deliver information impactfully, ensure action and drive change.
Best practices for project execution and deliveryCLIVE MINCHIN
A select set of project management best practices to keep your project on-track, on-cost and aligned to scope. Many firms have don't have the necessary skills, diligence, methods and oversight of their projects; this leads to slippage, higher costs and longer timeframes. Often firms have a history of projects that simply failed to move the needle. These best practices will help your firm avoid these pitfalls but they require fortitude to apply.
Zodiac Signs and Food Preferences_ What Your Sign Says About Your Tastemy Pandit
Know what your zodiac sign says about your taste in food! Explore how the 12 zodiac signs influence your culinary preferences with insights from MyPandit. Dive into astrology and flavors!
Navigating the world of forex trading can be challenging, especially for beginners. To help you make an informed decision, we have comprehensively compared the best forex brokers in India for 2024. This article, reviewed by Top Forex Brokers Review, will cover featured award winners, the best forex brokers, featured offers, the best copy trading platforms, the best forex brokers for beginners, the best MetaTrader brokers, and recently updated reviews. We will focus on FP Markets, Black Bull, EightCap, IC Markets, and Octa.
Understanding User Needs and Satisfying ThemAggregage
https://www.productmanagementtoday.com/frs/26903918/understanding-user-needs-and-satisfying-them
We know we want to create products which our customers find to be valuable. Whether we label it as customer-centric or product-led depends on how long we've been doing product management. There are three challenges we face when doing this. The obvious challenge is figuring out what our users need; the non-obvious challenges are in creating a shared understanding of those needs and in sensing if what we're doing is meeting those needs.
In this webinar, we won't focus on the research methods for discovering user-needs. We will focus on synthesis of the needs we discover, communication and alignment tools, and how we operationalize addressing those needs.
Industry expert Scott Sehlhorst will:
• Introduce a taxonomy for user goals with real world examples
• Present the Onion Diagram, a tool for contextualizing task-level goals
• Illustrate how customer journey maps capture activity-level and task-level goals
• Demonstrate the best approach to selection and prioritization of user-goals to address
• Highlight the crucial benchmarks, observable changes, in ensuring fulfillment of customer needs
At Techbox Square, in Singapore, we're not just creative web designers and developers, we're the driving force behind your brand identity. Contact us today.
Part 2 Deep Dive: Navigating the 2024 Slowdownjeffkluth1
Introduction
The global retail industry has weathered numerous storms, with the financial crisis of 2008 serving as a poignant reminder of the sector's resilience and adaptability. However, as we navigate the complex landscape of 2024, retailers face a unique set of challenges that demand innovative strategies and a fundamental shift in mindset. This white paper contrasts the impact of the 2008 recession on the retail sector with the current headwinds retailers are grappling with, while offering a comprehensive roadmap for success in this new paradigm.
1. Entrepreneur Magazine’s
Wholesale Distribution Business
Chapter 1
Introduction To
Wholesale Distribution
So you want to start a wholesale dis- and retailers sell them to end users. A can
tributorship.Whether you’re currently of motor oil, for example, is manufactured
a white-collar professional, a manag- and packaged, then sold to automobile
er worried about being downsized, or owners through retail outlets and/or repair
bored with your current job, this may shops. In between, however, there are a
be the right business for you.Much like few key operators—also known as distrib-
the merchant traders of the 18th cen- utors—that serve to move the product from
tury, you’ll be trading goods for profit. manufacturer to market. Some are retail dis-
And while the romantic notion of standing tributors, the kind that sell directly to con-
on a dock in the dead of night haggling over sumers (end users). Others are known as
a tea shipment may be a bit far-fetched, the merchant wholesale distributors; they buy
modern-day wholesale distributor evolved products from the manufacturer or other
from those hardy traders who bought and source, then move them from their ware-
sold goods hundreds of years ago. houses to companies that either want to re-
sell the products to end users or use them
The Distributor’s Role in their own operations.
As you probably know, man- According to U.S. Industry and
ufacturers produce products Trade Outlook, published by The
McGraw-Hill Companies and the
U.S. Department of Commerce/In-
ternational Trade Administration,
wholesale trade includes establish-
ments that sell products to re-
tailers, merchants, contrac-
tors and/or industrial,
1.1
2. Chapter 1
Introduction To Wholesale Distribution
institutional and commercial users. Whole-
sale distribution firms, which sell both
durable goods (furniture, office equipment, Beware!
industrial supplies and other goods that can Remember that
be used repeatedly) and nondurable goods as a wholesale dis-
(printing and writing paper, groceries, chem- tributor, your cus-
icals and periodicals), don’t sell to ultimate tomers have their own customers
household consumers. to satisfy. Because of this, they
Three types of operations can perform have more at stake than the typi-
cal customer who is shopping at
the functions of wholesale trade: wholesale
a discount distributor that serves
distributors; manufacturers’ sales branches
mainstream consumers.
and offices; and agents, brokers and com-
mission agents. As a wholesale distributor,
you will probably run an independently
owned and operated firm that buys and sells 13 percent of the total, or $424.7 billion in
products of which you have taken owner- revenues) to furniture and home furnish-
ship. Generally, such operations are run ings wholesalers (comprising 2 percent of
from one or more warehouses where in- the total, or $48.7 billion in revenues). That’s
ventory goods are received and later a big chunk of change, and one that you can
shipped to customers. tap into with the help of this book.
Put simply, as the owner of a wholesale The field of wholesale distribution is a
distributorship, you will be buying goods true buying and selling game—one that re-
to sell at a profit, much like a retailer would. quires good negotiation skills, a nose for
The only difference is that you’ll be work- sniffing out the next “hot” item in your par-
ing in a business-to-business realm by sell- ticular category, and keen salesmanship.
ing to retail companies and other whole- The idea is to buy the product at a low
sale firms like your own, and not to the price, then make a profit by tacking on a
buying public. This is, however, somewhat dollar amount that still makes the deal at-
of a traditional definition. For example, com- tractive to your customer.
panies like Sam’s Club and BJ’s Warehouse Experts agree that to succeed in the
have been using warehouse membership wholesale distribution business, an indi-
clubs, where consumers are able to buy at vidual should possess a varied job back-
what appear to be wholesale prices, for ground. Most experts feel a sales back-
some time now, thus blurring the lines. ground is necessary, as are the “people
However, the traditional wholesale distrib- skills” that go with being an outside sales-
utor is still the one who buys “from the person who hits the streets and/or picks up
source” and sells to a reseller. the phone and goes on a cold-calling spree
to search for new customers.
Getting Into The Game In addition to sales skills, the owner of
Today, total U.S. wholesale distributor a new wholesale distribution company will
sales are approximately $3.2 trillion. Since need the operational skills necessary for
1987, wholesale distributors’ share of U.S. running such a company. For example, fi-
private industry gross domestic product nance and business management skills and
(GDP) has remained steady at 7 percent, experience are necessary, as is the ability
with segments ranging from grocery and to handle the “back end” (those activities
food-service distributors (which make up that go on behind the scenes, like ware-
1.2
3. Entrepreneur Magazine’s
Wholesale Distribution Business
house setup and organization, shipping and some very interesting alternatives to be-
receiving, customer service, etc.). Of course, coming a distributor [who takes] physical
these back-end functions can also be han- possession of the product.” (Read more
dled by employees with experience in these about using the internet in your operations
areas if your budget allows. in Chapter 10 of this book.)
“Operating very efficiently and turning According to Fein, wholesale distribution
your inventory over quickly are the keys to companies are frequently started in areas
making money,” says Adam Fein, president where land is not too expensive and where
of Pembroke Consulting Inc., a Philadelphia buying or renting warehouse space is af-
strategic consulting firm. “It’s a service busi- fordable. “Generally, wholesale distributors
ness that deals with business customers, as are not located in downtown shopping ar-
opposed to general consumers. The startup eas, but off the beaten path,” says Fein. “If,
entrepreneur must be able to understand for example, you’re serving building or elec-
customer needs and learn how to serve trical contractors, you’ll need to choose a
them well.” location in close proximity to them in order
According to Fein, hundreds of new to be accessible as they go about their jobs.”
wholesale distribution businesses are start-
ed every year, typically by ex-salespeople Finding Your Niche
from larger distributors who break out on Upon opening the doors of your whole-
their own with a few clients in tow. sale distribution business, you will certain-
“Whether they can grow the firm and re- ly find yourself in good company. To date,
ally become a long-term entity is the much there are approximately 300,000 distribu-
more difficult guess,” says Fein. “Success in tors in the United States, representing
wholesale distribution involves moving from $3.2 trillion in annual revenues. Wholesale
a customer service/sales orientation to the distribution contributes 7 percent to the val-
operational process of managing a very ue of the nation’s private industry GDP, and
complex business.” Luckily, the book in most distribution channels are still highly
your hands will help take the guesswork fragmented and comprise many small, pri-
out of this transition by giving you the tools vately held companies. “My research shows
you need to succeed. that there are only 2,000 distributors in the
Setting Up Shop
When it comes to setting up shop, your
needs will vary according to what type of Beware!
product you choose to specialize in. Some- Consolidation is
one could conceivably run a successful running rampant in
wholesale distribution business from their many industries. Be-
basement, but storage needs would even- fore choosing your niche, do
some market research on your
tually hamper the company’s success. “If
customer base (especially if
you’re running a distribution company from
you’re going to limit yourself to a
home, then you’re much more of a broker particular region) to be sure those
than a distributor,” says Fein, noting that customers aren’t ripe for consoli-
while a distributor takes title and legal own- dation. If they are, you could see
ership of the products, a broker simply fa- your client base shrink quickly.
cilitates the transfer of products. “Howev-
er, through the use of the internet, there are
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4. Chapter 1
Introduction To Wholesale Distribution
United States with revenues greater than ten, small customers get left behind or are
$100 million,” comments Fein. just not [profitable] for the large distributors
And that’s not all: Every year, U.S. retail to serve.”
cash registers and online merchants ring up In addition to consolidating, the whole-
about $3.6 trillion in sales, and of that, about sale distribution industry is also evolving
a quarter comes from general merchandise, rapidly, which translates to both positive
apparel and furniture sales (GAF). This is a and negative changes. For instance, there
positive for wholesale distributors, who rely are indications of disintermediation trends
heavily on retailers as customers. To meas- across various industries. Several years ago,
ure the scope of GAF, try to imagine every strategists and futurists began predicting that
consumer item sold, then remove the cars, companies would increasingly sell directly
building materials and food. The rest, in- to consumers, cutting out distributors and
cluding computers, clothing, sports equip- any other distribution intermediaries, in-
ment and other items, fall into the GAF cluding some retailers. The predicted
total. Such goods come directly from man- change was given a fancy term: disinter-
ufacturers or through wholesalers and bro- mediation. It has yet to happen, but the
kers. Then they are sold in department, threat persists as an increasing number of
high-volume and specialty stores—all of manufacturers and end users find one an-
which will make up your client base once other directly. However, no matter what
you open the doors of your wholesale dis- changes may be in store, smart wholesale
tribution firm. distributors will always find a way to adapt.
All this is good news for the startup en-
trepreneur looking to launch a wholesale The Technological Edge
distribution company. However, there are Today, more than 800 million people
a few dangers that you should be aware of. around the globe have access to the inter-
For starters, consolidation is rampant in this net. This is good news for the wholesale
industry. Some sectors are contracting more distributor who is willing to be flexible in
quickly than others. For example, pharma- the information age. While traditional play-
ceutical wholesaling has consolidated more ers once felt threatened by the internet as
than just about any other sector, accord- a growing sales channel, the startups will
ing to Fein. Since 1975, mergers and ac- be more apt to grab technology by the
quisitions have reduced the number of U.S. horns and use it to their advantage.
companies in that sector from 200 to about
50. And the largest four companies con-
trol more than 80 percent of the distribu-
tion market. Bright Idea
To combat the consolidation trend, many You can take a trip on
independent distributors are turning to the the information super-
specialty market. “Many entrepreneurs are highway to visit a few of
your potential competitors. Key
finding success by picking up the golden
the words “wholesale distributor”
crumbs that are left on the table by the na-
into your favorite search engine,
tional companies,” Fein says. “As distribu- or narrow it down geographically
tion has evolved from a local to a regional by adding your city and/or state
to a national business, the national com- to the search string.
panies [can’t or don’t want to] cost-effec-
tively service certain types of customers. Of-
1.4
5. Entrepreneur Magazine’s
Wholesale Distribution Business
Ride The High-Tech Wave
It’s no secret that technology has become a major force in the world, so
why not try your hand at reselling computers and related equipment? While
some computer manufacturers, like Gateway and Dell, prefer to sell direct to
the consumer, many others rely on the wholesale distribution channel to get
their products to market. The numbers look good: According to a recent Accen-
ture study, the majority of business and information technology (IT) executives
in the United States anticipate increases in IT expenditures between 2005 and
2007. The investment is sure to include a mix of hardware (such as computers
or telecommunications equipment) and software, both of which present oppor-
tunities for new wholesale distributors looking for a high-tech niche.
As e-commerce has evolved into more 2. Manufacturers use the internet to gain di-
than just a business opportunity, tradition- rect access to customers, thus bypassing the
al “brick and mortar” businesses are no wholesale distributor altogether.
longer able to rely on traditional forms of As with fighting the trend toward con-
selling products to their customers. Prod- solidation, a smart wholesaler can combat
uct distribution and delivery trends have both of these scenarios with a bit of inge-
been impacted as the internet has grown in nuity and creativity. Finding a unique niche
popularity. They must also be available to is one sharp move, whether it’s serving a
their customers via the internet. For this rea- group of consumers that manufacturers or
son, wholesale distributors—like their ven- larger distributors can’t be bothered with,
dors—can grab the opportunity to position or perhaps buying in bulk and then selling
themselves as internet-savvy firms. Most reduced quantities to smaller firms that don’t
have set up their up their own informational want to make big inventory investments.
websites; others have listed their compa- Including value-added services can also
nies and offerings on mall-type sites de- give you a competitive edge. These include
voted to wholesale distributors; and many (but are not limited to): simplifying the
more have created e-commerce-enabled transfer of product, helping smooth out pos-
sites where customers can buy directly sible glitches in the information flow, and
through the web. making transfer of payment easier. In oth-
E-commerce is undoubtedly a major con- er words, rather than going directly to the
sideration for all wholesale distributors. The manufacturer—who is often more con-
Gartner Group, an information technolo- cerned with producing the hard goods than
gy advisory firm in Stamford, Connecticut, dealing with customer needs—retailers and
has outlined two possible scenarios to de- other distributors can deal with a whole-
scribe how the internet could negatively af- saler who specializes in customer needs.
fect wholesalers: Wholesalers can also make themselves valu-
1. Manufacturers post products on the in- able by keeping goods on hand for cus-
ternet with a bulletin board system, thus let- tomers who would otherwise have to deal
ting customers source globally with online with long lead times when buying direct.
search engines. “That availability very often makes the
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6. Chapter 1
Introduction To Wholesale Distribution
til your client base is large enough to reach
critical mass.
Beware! The last option is perhaps the most risky,
If you’re planning as all business opportunities must be thor-
to start a wholesale oughly explored before any money or pre-
distribution business cious time is invested. However, the right
from home, check with your lo- opportunity can mean support, training and
cal zoning board about the legali- quick success if the originating company
ty of shipping and receiving mer- has already proven itself to be profitable,
chandise at your home. For
reputable and durable.
example, many cities do not al-
Regardless of which avenue you choose,
low the delivery of goods from
vehicles like tractor-trailers in res- a new distributorship will require a few
idential neighborhoods. key pieces of equipment to get started. In
the office, a personal computer, several
phone lines, a fax machine and access to
a reliable shipping method will all be nec-
wholesale distributor a backup for, and ex- essary. Most wholesalers drop-ship their
tension of, the customer’s own inventory products through the use of shipping serv-
system,” says Fein. And e-commerce itself ices (UPS, Airborne, FedEx, etc.), though
can be a boon to the wholesale distributor, some who deliver to their local areas use
especially when it comes to finding new their own leased or purchased delivery ve-
customers and hunting down new product hicles. In the end, it truly depends on the
manufacturers and vendors to buy from. product, lead times and proximity of your
customer base. With the exception of the
Starting Out entrepreneur who is wholesaling T-shirts
For entrepreneurs looking to start their from his or her basement, a generous
own wholesale distributorship, there are ba- amount of warehouse space will be nec-
sically three avenues to choose from: buy essary, as will a location that is in close
an existing business, start from scratch or
buy into a business opportunity. Buying an
existing business can be costly and may even
be risky, depending on the level of success Dollar Stretcher
and reputation of the distributorship you To avoid spending
want to buy. The positive side of buying a excess money dur-
ing the startup phase,
business is that you can probably tap into
list everything you
the seller’s knowledge bank, and you may
think you need and then ask
even inherit his or her existing client base, yourself: Why do I need this
which could prove extremely valuable. item? How will it help me be
The second option, starting from scratch, more productive? Can I do with-
can also be costly, but it allows for a true out it for six months or a year
“make or break it yourself” scenario that while my business is getting
is guaranteed not to be preceded by an ex- started? Do this for every pur-
isting owner’s reputation. On the downside, chase, and you’ll avoid the urge
you will be building a reputation from to spend on impulse items.
scratch, which means lots of sales and mar-
keting for at least the first two years or un-
1.6
8. Chapter 1
Introduction To Wholesale Distribution
Among those subsegments are whole- tools, for example) and offer a variety of
sale distributors that specialize in a unique products to myriad customers.
niche (e.g., the distributor that sells spe- Regardless of which subsegment you
cialty foods to grocery stores), larger dis- choose, this book will give you the infor-
tributors that sell everything from soup to mation you need to realize your dreams of
nuts (e.g., the distributor with warehouses owning a wholesale distribution business.
nationwide and a large stock of various, un- In the next chapter, we’ll examine the op-
related closeout items), and midsized dis- erational aspect of owning a wholesale dis-
tributors who choose an industry (hand tribution business.
1.8