This document summarizes and compares different techniques for license plate recognition, including artificial neural networks, radial basis function neural networks, and template matching. It reviews past research on using these techniques for license plate detection, character segmentation, and character recognition. The document also analyzes the pros and cons of license plate recognition methods that use RBF neural networks and template matching.
A License plate is a rectangular plate which is alphanumeric. The license plate is fixed on the vehicle and used to identify the
vehicle along with honor of that vehicle. There is a huge nos. of vehicles are on the road word wile so that traffic control and
vehicle owner identification has become a major problem.
The automatic number plate reorganization (ANPR) is one of the solutions of such kind of problem. There is nos. of methodologies
but it is challenging task as some of the factors like high speed of vehicles, languages of number plate & mostly non-uniform
letter on number plate effects a lot in recognition. The license plate recognition (LPR) system have many application like payment
of parking fees; toll fee on highway; traffic monitoring system; border security system; signal system etc.
In this paper, the different method of license plate recognition is discussed. The systems first detects the vehicle and capture the
image then the number plate of vehicle is extracted from the image using image Segmentation optical character recognition technique
is used for the character recognition. Then the resulting date is compared with the database record so we come up the information
like the vehicle’s owner, vehicle registration place, address etc. it is observed that developed system successfully defect
& recognize the vehicle number plate on real image.
Tracking number plate from vehicle usingijfcstjournal
In Traffic surveillance, Tracking of the number plate from the vehicle is an important task, which demands
intelligent solution. In this document, extraction and Recognization of number plate from vehicles image
has been done using Matlab. It is assumed that images of the vehicle have been captured from Digital
Camera. Alphanumeric Characters on plate has been Extracted and recognized using template images of
alphanumeric characters.
This paper presents a new algorithm in MATLAB which has been used to extract the number plate from the
vehicle in various luminance conditions. Extracted image of the number plate can be seen in a text file for
verification purpose. Number plate identification is helpful in finding stolen cars, car parking management
system and identification of vehicle in traffic.
Vehicle plate recognition is a successful image processing technique used to recognize vehicles' plate numbers. There are several applications for this method which enlarge through many fields and attention groups. Vehicle plate recognition may be considered as an advertising equipment, for the purpose of traffic and border securities for law enforcement, and travel. Many methods have been accompanied to make this technique easy. This learning proposes an edge-detection method to allow a Plate Recognition System of a vehicle through the practical situations like the various environmental or meteorological conditions. Image processing tools are used to examine the plate area, resize it, and change it on the way to a gray scale earlier to filtering of the image in order to remove the unwanted areas. The obtained objects is processed in such a way that the number plate image and the information related to that is completely perfect The information of the obtained image is processed through the average deviation of the Gaussian filter (sigma).
A License plate is a rectangular plate which is alphanumeric. The license plate is fixed on the vehicle and used to identify the
vehicle along with honor of that vehicle. There is a huge nos. of vehicles are on the road word wile so that traffic control and
vehicle owner identification has become a major problem.
The automatic number plate reorganization (ANPR) is one of the solutions of such kind of problem. There is nos. of methodologies
but it is challenging task as some of the factors like high speed of vehicles, languages of number plate & mostly non-uniform
letter on number plate effects a lot in recognition. The license plate recognition (LPR) system have many application like payment
of parking fees; toll fee on highway; traffic monitoring system; border security system; signal system etc.
In this paper, the different method of license plate recognition is discussed. The systems first detects the vehicle and capture the
image then the number plate of vehicle is extracted from the image using image Segmentation optical character recognition technique
is used for the character recognition. Then the resulting date is compared with the database record so we come up the information
like the vehicle’s owner, vehicle registration place, address etc. it is observed that developed system successfully defect
& recognize the vehicle number plate on real image.
Tracking number plate from vehicle usingijfcstjournal
In Traffic surveillance, Tracking of the number plate from the vehicle is an important task, which demands
intelligent solution. In this document, extraction and Recognization of number plate from vehicles image
has been done using Matlab. It is assumed that images of the vehicle have been captured from Digital
Camera. Alphanumeric Characters on plate has been Extracted and recognized using template images of
alphanumeric characters.
This paper presents a new algorithm in MATLAB which has been used to extract the number plate from the
vehicle in various luminance conditions. Extracted image of the number plate can be seen in a text file for
verification purpose. Number plate identification is helpful in finding stolen cars, car parking management
system and identification of vehicle in traffic.
Vehicle plate recognition is a successful image processing technique used to recognize vehicles' plate numbers. There are several applications for this method which enlarge through many fields and attention groups. Vehicle plate recognition may be considered as an advertising equipment, for the purpose of traffic and border securities for law enforcement, and travel. Many methods have been accompanied to make this technique easy. This learning proposes an edge-detection method to allow a Plate Recognition System of a vehicle through the practical situations like the various environmental or meteorological conditions. Image processing tools are used to examine the plate area, resize it, and change it on the way to a gray scale earlier to filtering of the image in order to remove the unwanted areas. The obtained objects is processed in such a way that the number plate image and the information related to that is completely perfect The information of the obtained image is processed through the average deviation of the Gaussian filter (sigma).
Vehicle Number Plate Recognition using MATLABAI Publications
The VPR (Vehicle Number plate Recognition) system is based on image processing technology. It is one of the necessary systems designed to detect the vehicle number plate. In today’s world with the increasing number of vehicle day by day it’s not possible to manually keep a record of the entire vehicle. With the development of this system it becomes easy to keep a record and use it whenever required. The main objective here is to design an efficient automatic vehicle identification system by using vehicle number plate. The system first would capture the vehicles image as soon as the vehicle reaches the security checking area. The captured images are then extracted by using the segmentation process. Optical character recognition is used to identify the characters. The obtained data is then compared with the data stored in their database. The system is implemented and simulated on MATLAB and performance is tested on real images. This type of system is widely used in Traffic control areas, tolling, parking area .etc. This system is mainly designed for the purpose of security system. Basically video surveillance system is used for security purpose as well as monitoring systems. But Detection of moving object is a challenging part of video surveillance. Video surveillance system is used for Home security, Military applications, Banking /ATM security, Traffic monitoring etc. Now a day’s due to decreasing costs of high quality video surveillance systems, human activity detection and tracking has become increasingly in practical. Accordingly, automated systems have been designed for numerous detection tasks, but the task of detecting illegally parked vehicles has been left largely to the human operators of surveillance systems. The detection of Indian vehicles by their number plates is the most interesting and challenging research topic from past few years.
A Method for Sudanese Vehicle License Plates Detection and ExtractionEditor IJCATR
License Plate Detection and Extraction is an important phase of Vehicle License Plate Recognition systems, which has been
an active research topic in the computer vision domain in order to identify vehicles by their license plates without direct human
intervention. This paper presents a simple, fast and automatic License Plate Detection method for the current shape of Sudanese license
plate. The proposed method involves several steps: green channel extraction, edge detection, regions of interest selection, dilation
operation with especial structural element and connected component analysis. In order to analyze the performance and efficiency of the
proposed method a data set for Sudanese vehicles has been created. Using this new data set, number of experiments has been carried
out. Comparing with other countries license plate detection the achieved results is satisfactory.
A Smart Approach to Number Plate Recognition in Tollgate System using FPGAijsrd.com
This paper reveals about the design and development of smart card for automated toll collection through number plate recognition. Since it is simpler and faster than the traditional token based ticket system, it has all the potential to replace the existing system. Moreover, it saves users valuable time by reducing the queue length in front of the toll counter. It is used to pay the amount automatically and open & close the toll gate automatically. We aim to reduce the time consumed to pay the toll gate amount and also to help the police department to trace the vehicle, incase if it was stolen or used for any illegal activities. As well as we are going to increase the security features in the toll gate because now a day's toll gate are the entrance to the main cities. If the Vehicle passed before paying the money the buzzer will automatically ring & the alert will be given to the police also. If any vehicle carries suspicious gas means the buzzer will ring so improved security than the existing systems. The entire system is developed as hardware based system using SPARTAN3 FPGA kit and associated devices. The software for this system has been developed using VHDL language developed in the Xilinx tool.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Performance evaluation of bandwidth optimization algorithm (boa) in atm networkEditor Jacotech
domains: none of them are suitable, alone, for the wide range of traffic services expected in ATM-based networks. Therefore, some integration of these basic schemes should be considered. In this paper, we propose a new traffic control algorithm, called the Bandwidth optimization Algorithm (BOA). BOA is a multi-level control algorithm that attempts to optimally manage network resources and perform traffic control among a wide range of traffic services in ATM-based networks. The basic objective of BOA is to meet the quality of service requirements for different traffic sources, while making the best possible use of network bandwidth. In addition. BOA attempts to minimize network congestion in a preventive way.
An efficient ant optimized multipath routing in wireless sensor networkEditor Jacotech
Today, the Wireless Sensor Network is increasingly gaining popularity and importance. It is the more interesting and stimulating area of research. Now, the WSN is applied in object tracking and environmental monitoring applications. This paper presents the self-optimized model of multipath routing algorithm for WSN which considers definite parameters like delay, throughput level and loss and generates the outcomes that maximizes data throughput rate and minimizes delay and loss. This algorithm is based on ANT optimization technique that will bring out an optimal and organized route for WSN and is also to avoid congestion in WSN, the algorithm incorporate multipath capability..
Leader Election Approach: A Comparison and SurveyEditor Jacotech
In distributed system, the coordinator is needed to manage the use of the resources in the shared environment. Many algorithms have been proposed for the same. They have various positive and negative parts. Here we will discuss those issues which ensure the efficiency of the algorithm for election leader. Here a comparison will be provided to show the advantages and disadvantages of different election algorithms. The comparison would be based on the number of messages passing and the order of time complexity.
A comparison between scilab inbuilt module and novel method for image fusionEditor Jacotech
Image fusion is one of the important embranchments of data fusion. Its purpose is to synthesis multi-image information in one scene to one image which is more suitable to human vision and computer vision or more adapt to further image processing such as target identification.
This paper mainly compares the Scilab inbuilt module and novel method for image fusion. By using scilab as experimental platform, we approved the feasibility and validity of method. The result indicate that the fused image quality would be very effective and clear.
Switching and multicast schemes in asynchronous transfer mode networksEditor Jacotech
The purpose of this paper is to provide an overview of the ATM switching technology and to describe various multicast schemes in ATM Networks. One of the most promising solutions of ATM switches is based on the shared-memory principle. A shared-memory ATM switch provides sharing of memory space among its switches ports and superior cell loss rate performance compared to input-buffer-based and output-buffer-based ATM under conditions of identical memory size. We studied various multicast schemes, which are presented in this paper
A web service is defined as a software system designed to support interoperable machine-to-machine interaction over a network. Put in another way, Web services provide a framework for system integration, independent of programming language and operating system. Web services are widely deployed in current distributed systems and have become the technology of choice. The suitability of Web services for integrating heterogeneous systems is largely facilitated through its extensive use of the Extensible Markup Language (XML). Thus, the security of a Web services based system depends not only on the security of the services themselves, but also on the confidentiality and integrity of the XML based SOAP messages used for communication. Recently, Web services have generated great interests in both vendors and researchers. A web service, based on existing Internet protocols and open standards, and provides a flexible solution to the problem of application integration. This paper provides an overview of the web services, web service security and the various algorithms used for encryption of the SOAP messages.
Design of airfoil using backpropagation training with mixed approachEditor Jacotech
Levenberg-Marquardt back-propagation training method has some limitations associated with over fitting and local optimum problems. Here, we proposed a new algorithm to increase the convergence speed of Backpropagation learning to design the airfoil. The aerodynamic force coefficients corresponding to series of airfoil are stored in a database along with the airfoil coordinates. A feedforward neural network is created with aerodynamic coefficient as input to produce the airfoil coordinates as output. In the proposed algorithm, for output layer, we used the cost function having linear & nonlinear error terms then for the hidden layer, we used steepest descent cost function. Results indicate that this mixed approach greatly enhances the training of artificial neural network and may accurately predict airfoil profile.
In the classical model, the fundamental building block is represented by bits exists in two states a 0 or a 1. Computations are done by logic gates on the bits to produce other bits. By increasing the number of bits, the complexity of problem and the time of computation increases. A quantum algorithm is a sequence of operations on a register to transform it into a state which when measured yields the desired result. This paper provides introduction to quantum computation by developing qubit, quantum gate and quantum circuits.
Performance analysis of aodv with the constraints of varying terrain area and...Editor Jacotech
Mobile Ad Hoc Networks (MANETs) are wireless networks,
where there is no requirement for any infrastructure support to
transfer data packets between mobile nodes. These nodes
communicate in a multi-hop mode; each mobile node acts
both as a host and router. The main job of Quality of Service
(QoS)[1][2] routing in MANETs is to search and establish
routes among different mobile nodes for satisfying QoS
requirements of wireless sensor networks as PDR, Average
end-to-end delay, Average Throughput. The QoS routing
protocols efficient for commercial, real-time and multimedia
applications are in demand for day to day activities[2].
Vehicle Number Plate Recognition using MATLABAI Publications
The VPR (Vehicle Number plate Recognition) system is based on image processing technology. It is one of the necessary systems designed to detect the vehicle number plate. In today’s world with the increasing number of vehicle day by day it’s not possible to manually keep a record of the entire vehicle. With the development of this system it becomes easy to keep a record and use it whenever required. The main objective here is to design an efficient automatic vehicle identification system by using vehicle number plate. The system first would capture the vehicles image as soon as the vehicle reaches the security checking area. The captured images are then extracted by using the segmentation process. Optical character recognition is used to identify the characters. The obtained data is then compared with the data stored in their database. The system is implemented and simulated on MATLAB and performance is tested on real images. This type of system is widely used in Traffic control areas, tolling, parking area .etc. This system is mainly designed for the purpose of security system. Basically video surveillance system is used for security purpose as well as monitoring systems. But Detection of moving object is a challenging part of video surveillance. Video surveillance system is used for Home security, Military applications, Banking /ATM security, Traffic monitoring etc. Now a day’s due to decreasing costs of high quality video surveillance systems, human activity detection and tracking has become increasingly in practical. Accordingly, automated systems have been designed for numerous detection tasks, but the task of detecting illegally parked vehicles has been left largely to the human operators of surveillance systems. The detection of Indian vehicles by their number plates is the most interesting and challenging research topic from past few years.
A Method for Sudanese Vehicle License Plates Detection and ExtractionEditor IJCATR
License Plate Detection and Extraction is an important phase of Vehicle License Plate Recognition systems, which has been
an active research topic in the computer vision domain in order to identify vehicles by their license plates without direct human
intervention. This paper presents a simple, fast and automatic License Plate Detection method for the current shape of Sudanese license
plate. The proposed method involves several steps: green channel extraction, edge detection, regions of interest selection, dilation
operation with especial structural element and connected component analysis. In order to analyze the performance and efficiency of the
proposed method a data set for Sudanese vehicles has been created. Using this new data set, number of experiments has been carried
out. Comparing with other countries license plate detection the achieved results is satisfactory.
A Smart Approach to Number Plate Recognition in Tollgate System using FPGAijsrd.com
This paper reveals about the design and development of smart card for automated toll collection through number plate recognition. Since it is simpler and faster than the traditional token based ticket system, it has all the potential to replace the existing system. Moreover, it saves users valuable time by reducing the queue length in front of the toll counter. It is used to pay the amount automatically and open & close the toll gate automatically. We aim to reduce the time consumed to pay the toll gate amount and also to help the police department to trace the vehicle, incase if it was stolen or used for any illegal activities. As well as we are going to increase the security features in the toll gate because now a day's toll gate are the entrance to the main cities. If the Vehicle passed before paying the money the buzzer will automatically ring & the alert will be given to the police also. If any vehicle carries suspicious gas means the buzzer will ring so improved security than the existing systems. The entire system is developed as hardware based system using SPARTAN3 FPGA kit and associated devices. The software for this system has been developed using VHDL language developed in the Xilinx tool.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Performance evaluation of bandwidth optimization algorithm (boa) in atm networkEditor Jacotech
domains: none of them are suitable, alone, for the wide range of traffic services expected in ATM-based networks. Therefore, some integration of these basic schemes should be considered. In this paper, we propose a new traffic control algorithm, called the Bandwidth optimization Algorithm (BOA). BOA is a multi-level control algorithm that attempts to optimally manage network resources and perform traffic control among a wide range of traffic services in ATM-based networks. The basic objective of BOA is to meet the quality of service requirements for different traffic sources, while making the best possible use of network bandwidth. In addition. BOA attempts to minimize network congestion in a preventive way.
An efficient ant optimized multipath routing in wireless sensor networkEditor Jacotech
Today, the Wireless Sensor Network is increasingly gaining popularity and importance. It is the more interesting and stimulating area of research. Now, the WSN is applied in object tracking and environmental monitoring applications. This paper presents the self-optimized model of multipath routing algorithm for WSN which considers definite parameters like delay, throughput level and loss and generates the outcomes that maximizes data throughput rate and minimizes delay and loss. This algorithm is based on ANT optimization technique that will bring out an optimal and organized route for WSN and is also to avoid congestion in WSN, the algorithm incorporate multipath capability..
Leader Election Approach: A Comparison and SurveyEditor Jacotech
In distributed system, the coordinator is needed to manage the use of the resources in the shared environment. Many algorithms have been proposed for the same. They have various positive and negative parts. Here we will discuss those issues which ensure the efficiency of the algorithm for election leader. Here a comparison will be provided to show the advantages and disadvantages of different election algorithms. The comparison would be based on the number of messages passing and the order of time complexity.
A comparison between scilab inbuilt module and novel method for image fusionEditor Jacotech
Image fusion is one of the important embranchments of data fusion. Its purpose is to synthesis multi-image information in one scene to one image which is more suitable to human vision and computer vision or more adapt to further image processing such as target identification.
This paper mainly compares the Scilab inbuilt module and novel method for image fusion. By using scilab as experimental platform, we approved the feasibility and validity of method. The result indicate that the fused image quality would be very effective and clear.
Switching and multicast schemes in asynchronous transfer mode networksEditor Jacotech
The purpose of this paper is to provide an overview of the ATM switching technology and to describe various multicast schemes in ATM Networks. One of the most promising solutions of ATM switches is based on the shared-memory principle. A shared-memory ATM switch provides sharing of memory space among its switches ports and superior cell loss rate performance compared to input-buffer-based and output-buffer-based ATM under conditions of identical memory size. We studied various multicast schemes, which are presented in this paper
A web service is defined as a software system designed to support interoperable machine-to-machine interaction over a network. Put in another way, Web services provide a framework for system integration, independent of programming language and operating system. Web services are widely deployed in current distributed systems and have become the technology of choice. The suitability of Web services for integrating heterogeneous systems is largely facilitated through its extensive use of the Extensible Markup Language (XML). Thus, the security of a Web services based system depends not only on the security of the services themselves, but also on the confidentiality and integrity of the XML based SOAP messages used for communication. Recently, Web services have generated great interests in both vendors and researchers. A web service, based on existing Internet protocols and open standards, and provides a flexible solution to the problem of application integration. This paper provides an overview of the web services, web service security and the various algorithms used for encryption of the SOAP messages.
Design of airfoil using backpropagation training with mixed approachEditor Jacotech
Levenberg-Marquardt back-propagation training method has some limitations associated with over fitting and local optimum problems. Here, we proposed a new algorithm to increase the convergence speed of Backpropagation learning to design the airfoil. The aerodynamic force coefficients corresponding to series of airfoil are stored in a database along with the airfoil coordinates. A feedforward neural network is created with aerodynamic coefficient as input to produce the airfoil coordinates as output. In the proposed algorithm, for output layer, we used the cost function having linear & nonlinear error terms then for the hidden layer, we used steepest descent cost function. Results indicate that this mixed approach greatly enhances the training of artificial neural network and may accurately predict airfoil profile.
In the classical model, the fundamental building block is represented by bits exists in two states a 0 or a 1. Computations are done by logic gates on the bits to produce other bits. By increasing the number of bits, the complexity of problem and the time of computation increases. A quantum algorithm is a sequence of operations on a register to transform it into a state which when measured yields the desired result. This paper provides introduction to quantum computation by developing qubit, quantum gate and quantum circuits.
Performance analysis of aodv with the constraints of varying terrain area and...Editor Jacotech
Mobile Ad Hoc Networks (MANETs) are wireless networks,
where there is no requirement for any infrastructure support to
transfer data packets between mobile nodes. These nodes
communicate in a multi-hop mode; each mobile node acts
both as a host and router. The main job of Quality of Service
(QoS)[1][2] routing in MANETs is to search and establish
routes among different mobile nodes for satisfying QoS
requirements of wireless sensor networks as PDR, Average
end-to-end delay, Average Throughput. The QoS routing
protocols efficient for commercial, real-time and multimedia
applications are in demand for day to day activities[2].
IMAGE TRANSFORMATION & DWT BASED IMAGE DECOMPOSITION FOR COVERT COMMUNICATION Editor Jacotech
Widely used computer, and therefore require large-scale data storage and transfer, and efficient method of data storage has become necessary. Image compression is to reduce the number of bytes in an image file, without degrading the image quality to an unacceptable level. In reducing the file size to allow more images to be stored in a given amount of memory or disk space. It also reduces the desired image is transmitted from a website via the Internet or downloaded time. Gray image is 256 × 256 pixels of 65,536 Yuan, to store and a typical 640 × 480 colour image of nearly one million. These files are downloaded from the Internet can be very time-consuming task. A significant portion of the image data of the multimedia data comprises they occupy the major portion of the communication bandwidth used for the multimedia communication. Therefore, the development of effective techniques for image compression has become quite necessary [9]. The basic goal of image compression is to find the image representation associated with fewer pixels. Two basic principles used in image compression is redundant and irrelevant. Source Redundancy eliminating redundant and irrelevant omit pixel values rather than by the human eye to detect. International standard for image compression work began in the late 1970s with the CCITT (now ITU-T) requires specification of the binary image compression algorithm facsimile communications. Image compression standard brings many benefits, such as: (1) different image files between devices and applications easily exchanged; (2) the re-use of existing hardware and software products are more widely; (3) the existence of benchmarks and benchmark data sets for new and alternative development.
Induction motor fault diagnosis by motor current signature analysis and neura...Editor Jacotech
This paper presents steps in designing dimensions of antenna and feed in axisymmetrical Cassegrain Antennas. Corrugated conical horns are used as feeds in applications with circular polarization. In the initial design steps, diameter of the main reflector is determined considering communication link budget, then feed dimensions are designed to create optimum aperture efficiency. In the last step of design, considering feed dimensions and the amount of its center phase displacements with respect to its aperture plane, dimensions of subreflector is determined to avoid additional blockage. To illustrate the procedure, an applicative design example is presented in X-band.
Automatic License Plate Recognition Using Optical Character Recognition Based...IJARIIE JOURNAL
A License plate is a rectangular plate which is alphanumeric. The license plate is fixed on the vehicle and used to
identify the vehicle along with honor of that vehicle. There is a huge number of vehicles on the road so that traffic
control and vehicle owner identification has become a major problem.
The automatic number plate reorganization (ANPR) is one of the solutions of such kind of problem. There are
different methodologies but it is challenging task as some of the factors like high speed of vehicles, languages of
number plate & mostly non-uniform letter on number plate effects a lot in recognition. The license plate recognition
system mainly has four stages: image acquisition, license plate detection, character segmentation and character
recognition. The license plate recognition (LPR) system have many applications like payment of parking fees; toll
fee on the highway; traffic monitoring system; border security system; signal system etc.
In this paper, template matching algorithm for character recognition is used. The system presented here mainly
focuses on recognition of ambiguous characters based on position of the character. It is observed that the developed
system successfully detects & recognizes the vehicle number plate on real images and the problem of recognizing
ambiguous character is solved.
License plate recognition an insight to the proposed approach for plate local...Editor Jacotech
License Plate Recognition (LPR) system for vehicles is an innovative and a very challenging area for research due to the innumerous plate formats and the nonuniform outdoor illumination conditions during which images are acquired. Thus, most approaches developed, work under certain restrictions such as fixed illumination, stationary background and limited speed. Algorithms developed for LPR systems are generally composed of three significant stages: 1] localization of the license plate from an entire scene image; 2] segmentation of the characters on the plate; 3] recognition of each of the segmented characters. A simple approach for preprocessing of the images, localization and extraction phase has been described in this paper. Numerous procedures have been developed for LPR systems and are assessed in this paper taking into consideration issues like processing time, computational power and recognition rate wherever available.
A Novel Multiple License Plate Extraction Technique for Complex Background in...CSCJournals
License plate recognition (LPR) is one of the most important applications of applying computer techniques towards intelligent transportation systems (ITS). In order to recognize a license plate efficiently, location and extraction of the license plate is the key step. Hence finding the position of a license plate in a vehicle image is considered to be the most crucial step of an LPR system, and this in turn greatly affects the recognition rate and overall speed of the whole system. This paper mainly deals with the detecting license plate location issues in Indian traffic conditions. The vehicles in India sometimes bare extra textual regions such as owner’s name, symbols, popular sayings and advertisement boards in addition to license plate. Situation insists for accurate discrimination of text class and fine aspect ratio analysis. In addition to this additional care taken up in this paper is to extract license plate of motorcycle (size of plate is small and double row plate), car (single as well as double row type), transport system such as bus, truck, (dirty plates) as well as multiple license plates present in an image frame under consideration. Disparity of aspect ratios is a typical feature of Indian traffic. Proposed method aims at identifying region of interest by performing a sequence of directional segmentation and morphological processing. Always the first step is of contrast enhancement, which is accomplished by using sigmoid function. In the subsequent steps, connected component analysis followed by different filtering techniques like aspect ratio analysis and plate compatible filter technique is used to find exact license plate. The proposed method is tested on large database consisting of 750 images taken in different conditions. The algorithm could detect the license plate in 742 images with success rate of 99.2%.
A design of license plate recognition system using convolutional neural networkIJECEIAES
This paper proposes an improved Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) algorithm approach for license plate recognition system. The main contribution of this work is on the methodology to determine the best model for four-layered CNN architecture that has been used as the recognition method. This is achieved by validating the best parameters of the enhanced Stochastic Diagonal Levenberg Marquardt (SDLM) learning algorithm and network size of CNN. Several preprocessing algorithms such as Sobel operator edge detection, morphological operation and connected component analysis have been used to localize the license plate, isolate and segment the characters respectively before feeding the input to CNN. It is found that the proposed model is superior when subjected to multi-scaling and variations of input patterns. As a result, the license plate preprocessing stage achieved 74.7% accuracy and CNN recognition stage achieved 94.6% accuracy.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Performance of Wideband Mobile Channel with Perfect Synchronism BPSK vs QPSK ...Editor Jacotech
Direct-sequence code-division multiple access (DS-CDMA) is
currently the subject of much research as it is a promising
multiple access capability for third and fourth generations
mobile communication systems. The synchronous DS-CDMA
system is well known for eliminating the effects of multiple
access interference (MAI) which limits the capacity and
degrades the BER performance of the system. In this paper,
we investigate the bit error rate (BER) performance of a
synchronous DS-CDMA system over a wideband mobile
radio channel. The BER performance is affected by the
difference in path length ΔL and the number of arriving
signals N. Furthermore, the effect of these parameters is
examined on the synchronous DS-CDMA system for different
users’ number as well as different processing gain Gp. In this
environment and under the above conditions the performances
of the BPSK (Binary Phase Shift Keying) and the QPSK
(Quadrature Phase Shift Keying) modulations are compared.
The promising simulation results showed the possibility of
applying this system to the wideband mobile radio channel.
MOVIE RATING PREDICTION BASED ON TWITTER SENTIMENT ANALYSISEditor Jacotech
With microblogging platforms such as Twitter generating
huge amounts of textual data every day, the possibilities of
knowledge discovery through Twitter data becomes
increasingly relevant. Similar to the public voting mechanism
on websites such as the Internet Movie Database (IMDb) that
aggregates movies ratings, Twitter content contains
reflections of public opinion about movies. This study aims to
explore the use of Twitter content as textual data for
predicting the movie rating. In this study, we extract number
of tweets and compiled to predict the rating scores of newly
released movies. Predictions were done with the algorithms,
exploring the tweet polarity. In addition, this study explores
the use of several different kinds of tweet classification
Algorithm and movie rating algorithm. Results show that
movie rating developed by our application is compared to
IMDB and Rotten Tomatoes.
Non integer order controller based robust performance analysis of a conical t...Editor Jacotech
The design of robust controller for any non linear process is a
challenging task because of the presence of various types of
uncertainties. In this paper, various design methods of robust
PID controller for the level control of conical tank are
discussed. Uncertainties are of different types, among that
structured uncertainty of 30% is introduced to the nominal
plant for analysing the robustness. As a first step, the control
of level is done by using conventional integer order controller
for both nominal and uncertain system. Then, the control is
done by means of Fractional Order Proportional Integral
Derivative (FOPID) controller for achieving robustness. With
the help of time series parameters, a comparison is made
between conventional PID and FOPID with respect to the
simulated output using MATLAB and also analyzed the
robustness.
FACTORS CAUSING STRESS AMONG FEMALE DOCTORS (A COMPARATIVE STUDY BETWEEN SELE...Editor Jacotech
It is an important task of working women to handle two
important tasks. Balancing these two roles at home and
work is very challenging task and causes stress at different
levels. Different dimension of working women’s life
involves in evolving the stress in working women’s life.
These stresses cause the imbalance at the front of and
handling family responsibility. In the current scenario,
doctors face many stressors that are peculiar to the medical
profession and doctors are required to have more
competencies than before in diagnosis ongoing
management of medical conditions. This means increased
responsibilities which may contribute to stress. Stress
experienced at work can have adverse outcomes for the
well-being of individual employees and organization as
whole. My study is focusing on identifying the factors
causing stress among female doctors working for public
and private hospitals and their stress levels associations
with respect to sector. A sample of 300 female doctors
from urban area participated in this study. Out of this, 150
each are from public and private hospitals respectively. A
self-made standardized tool was administered based on five
point scale. Results indicates that the values were found to
be 0.000 in all the cases except, psychosomatic problems
(0.004) which is lesser than (0.05) p-value resulting into
rejection of null hypotheses , consequently revealing an
association between sector of female doctors and stress due
to workload, working condition, physical exertion,
emotional exhaustion, job security, organizational support,
work family conflict, family adjustment, task demands,
psychosomatic problems, patient’s expectation and working
hours.
ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF MULTIPLE WATERMARKING IN A VIDEO FOR AUTHENTICATION AN...Editor Jacotech
Watermarking technique be employ instance & for a second time for
validation and protection of digital data (images, video and audio
files, digital repositories and libraries, web publishing). It is helpful
to copyright protection and illegal copying of digital data like video
frames and making digital data more robust and imperceptible. With
the advent of internet, creation and delivery of digital data has grown
many fold. In that Scenario has to need a technique for transferring
digital data securely without changing their originality and
robustness. In this paper proposed a plan of latest watermarking
method which involves inserting and adding two or more digital data
or pictures in a single video frame for the principle of protection and
replicate the similar procedure for N no video frames for
authentication of entire digital video. After that digital video is
encrypted and decrypted by using motion vector bit-xor encryption
and decryption technique.
The Impact of Line Resistance on the Performance of Controllable Series Compe...Editor Jacotech
In recent years controllable FACTS devices are increasingly
integrated into the transmission system. FACTS devices that
provide series control such as Controllable Series Compensator
(CSC) has significant effect on the voltage stability of Electric
Power system. In this work impact of line resistance on the
performance of CSC in a single-load infinitive-bus (SLIB)
model is investigated. The proposed framework is applied to
SLIB model and obtained results demonstrates that line
resistance has considerable effect on voltage stability limits and
performance of CSC.
Security Strength Evaluation of Some Chaos Based Substitution-BoxesEditor Jacotech
Recently, handful amount of S-boxes, using the various
methods such as affine transformations, gray coding,
optimization, chaotic systems, etc, have been suggested. It is
prudent to use cryptographically strong S-boxes for the design
of powerful ciphers. In this paper, we sampled some widely
used 8×8 S-boxes which are recently synthesized and security
analysis and evaluation is executed to uncover the best
candidate(s). The performance analysis is exercised against
the crucial measures like nonlinearity, linear approximation
probability, algebraic immunity, algebraic complexity,
differential uniformity. These parameters are custom selected
because their scores decide the security strength against
cryptographic assaults like linear cryptanalysis, algebraic
attacks, and differential cryptanalysis. The anticipated
analysis in this work facilitates the cryptographers, designers,
researchers to choose suitable candidate decided over many
parameters and can be engaged in modern block encryption
systems that solely rely on 8×8 S-box. Moreover, the analysis
assists in articulating efficient S-boxes and to evaluate the
attacks resistivity of their S-boxes.
Traffic Detection System is an Android application that aims at determining the behavior of traffic in a particular location. It calculates the speed of the vehicle and the level of congestion or the amount of traffic is determined on the basis of the values of sensors. If any such obstruct found, then the driver is provided an option to send messages regarding high traffic to his/her friends. After a distinct number of repeated low speed and breaks, the location of the vehicle (latitude and longitude) send to a pre-specified contact (selected in case of traffic congestion) through an SMS. This application uses the features of the Global positioning system. The Latitude, as well as the longitude of the location where traffic jams are formed, is sent to the friends of the user. The Goggle map of the location also sends to the friends. It uses the SMS Manager a functionality of Android. The friends receiving the messages will thereby avoid taking the congested route and hence the level of traffic on the congested road will decrease, and the friends will reach the destination in comparatively less time.
Modeling of solar array and analyze the current transient response of shunt s...Editor Jacotech
Spacecraft bus voltage is regulated by power
conditioning unit using switching shunt voltage regulator having
solar array cells as the primary source of power. This source
switches between the bus loads and the shunt switch for fine
control of spacecraft bus voltage. The effect of solar array cell
capacitance [5][6] along with inductance and resistance of the
interface wires between solar cells and power conditioning
unit[1], generates damped sinusoidal currents superimposed on
the short circuit current of solar cell when shunted through
switch. The peak current stress on the shunt switch is to be
considered in the selection of shunt switch in power conditioning
unit. The analysis of current transients of shunt switch in PCU
considering actual spacecraft interface wire length by
illumination of solar panel (combination of series and parallel
solar cells) is difficult with hardware simulation. Software
simulation by modeling solar cell is carried out for a single string
(one parallel) in Pspice [6]. Since in spacecrafts number of
parallels and interface cable length are variable parameters the
analysis of current transients of shunt switch is carried out by
modeling solar array with the help of solar cell model[6] for the
actual spacecraft condition.
Ant colony optimization based routing algorithm in various wireless sensor ne...Editor Jacotech
Wireless Sensor Network has several issues and challenges due to limited battery backup, limited computation capability, and limited computation capability. These issues and challenges must be taken care while designing the algorithms to increase the Network lifetime of WSN. Routing, the act of moving information across an internet world from a source to a destination is one of the vital issue associated with Wireless Sensor Network. The Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) algorithm is a probabilistic technique for solving computational problems that can be used to find optimal paths through graphs. The short route will be increasingly enhanced therefore become more attractive. The foraging behavior and optimal route finding capability of ants can be the inspiration for ACO based algorithm in WSN. The nature of ants is to wander randomly in search of food from their nest. While moving, ants lay down a pheromone trail on the ground. This chemical pheromone has the ability to evaporate with the time. Ants have the ability to smell pheromone. When selecting their path, they tend to select, probably the paths that has strong pheromone concentrations. As soon as an ant finds a food source, carries some of it back to the nest. While returning, the quantity of chemical pheromone that an ant lay down on the ground may depend on the quantity and quality of the food. The pheromone trails will lead other ants towards the food source. The path which has the strongest pheromone concentration is followed by the ant which is the shortest paths between their nest and food source. This paper surveys the ACO based routing in various Networking domains like Wireless Sensor Networks and Mobile Ad Hoc Networks.
A mobile monitoring and alert sms system with remote configuration – a case s...Editor Jacotech
One of the parent´s main concerns nowadays it to know their children´s whereabouts. Some applications exist to address this issue and most of them rely on internet connection which makes the solution expensive. In this paper we present a low cost solution, based on SMS, and with the ability to remotely configure the child monitoring process. We also present the architecture and the full flowchart of the child application whenever a SMS is received. This case study uses Android and the more recent location API – the Fused Location Provider. For obvious reasons, the security issue has been a concern, which resulted in a configuration module in the child application to specify authorized senders
Leader election approach a comparison and surveyEditor Jacotech
In distributed system, the coordinator is needed to manage the use of the resources in the shared environment. Many algorithms have been proposed for the same. They have various positive and negative parts. Here we will discuss those issues which ensure the efficiency of the algorithm for election leader. Here a comparison will be provided to show the advantages and disadvantages of different election algorithms. The comparison would be based on the number of messages passing and the order of time complexity
Modeling of solar array and analyze the current transientEditor Jacotech
Spacecraft bus voltage is regulated by power
conditioning unit using switching shunt voltage regulator having
solar array cells as the primary source of power. This source
switches between the bus loads and the shunt switch for fine
control of spacecraft bus voltage. The effect of solar array cell
capacitance [5][6] along with inductance and resistance of the
interface wires between solar cells and power conditioning
unit[1], generates damped sinusoidal currents superimposed on
the short circuit current of solar cell when shunted through
switch. The peak current stress on the shunt switch is to be
considered in the selection of shunt switch in power conditioning
unit. The analysis of current transients of shunt switch in PCU
considering actual spacecraft interface wire length by
illumination of solar panel (combination of series and parallel
solar cells) is difficult with hardware simulation. Software
simulation by modeling solar cell is carried out for a single string
(one parallel) in Pspice [6]. Since in spacecrafts number of
parallels and interface cable length are variable parameters the
analysis of current transients of shunt switch is carried out by
modeling solar array with the help of solar cell model[6] for the
actual spacecraft condition.
Traffic Detection System is an Android application that aims at determining the behavior of traffic in a particular location. It calculates the speed of the vehicle and the level of congestion or the amount of traffic is determined on the basis of the values of sensors. If any such obstruct found, then the driver is provided an option to send messages regarding high traffic to his/her friends. After a distinct number of repeated low speed and breaks, the location of the vehicle (latitude and longitude) send to a pre-specified contact (selected in case of traffic congestion) through an SMS. This application uses the features of the Global positioning system. The Latitude, as well as the longitude of the location where traffic jams are formed, is sent to the friends of the user. The Goggle map of the location also sends to the friends. It uses the SMS Manager a functionality of Android. The friends receiving the messages will thereby avoid taking the congested route and hence the level of traffic on the congested road will decrease, and the friends will reach the destination in comparatively less time.
Survey on energy efficiency in wireless sensor network using mac protocol wit...Editor Jacotech
Dynamic feature evaluation and concept evaluation is major challenging task in the field of data classification. The continuity of data induced a new feature during classification process, but the classification process is predefined task for assigning data into class. Data comes into multiple feature sub-set format into infinite length. The infinite length not decided the how many class are assigned. Support vector machine is well recognized method for data classification. For the process of support vector machine evaluation of new feature during classification is major problem. The problem of feature evaluation decreases the performance of Support Vector Machine (SVM). For the improvement of support vector machine, particle of swarm optimization technique is used. Particle of swarm optimization controls the dynamic feature evaluation process and decreases the possibility of confusion in selection of class and increase the classification ratio of support vector machine. Particle of swarm optimization work in two phases one used as dynamic population selection and another are used for optimization process of evolved new feature.
Pulse Compression Sequence (PCS) are widely used in radar to increase the range resolution. Binary sequence has the limitation that the compression ratio is small. Ternary code is suggested as an alternative. The design of ternary sequence with good Discriminating Factor (DF) and merit factor can be considered as a nonlinear multivariable optimization problem which is difficult to solve. In this paper, we proposed a new method for designing ternary sequence by using Modified Simulated Annealing Algorithm (MSAA). The general features such as global convergence and robustness of the statistical algorithm are revealed.
GridMate - End to end testing is a critical piece to ensure quality and avoid...ThomasParaiso2
End to end testing is a critical piece to ensure quality and avoid regressions. In this session, we share our journey building an E2E testing pipeline for GridMate components (LWC and Aura) using Cypress, JSForce, FakerJS…
Epistemic Interaction - tuning interfaces to provide information for AI supportAlan Dix
Paper presented at SYNERGY workshop at AVI 2024, Genoa, Italy. 3rd June 2024
https://alandix.com/academic/papers/synergy2024-epistemic/
As machine learning integrates deeper into human-computer interactions, the concept of epistemic interaction emerges, aiming to refine these interactions to enhance system adaptability. This approach encourages minor, intentional adjustments in user behaviour to enrich the data available for system learning. This paper introduces epistemic interaction within the context of human-system communication, illustrating how deliberate interaction design can improve system understanding and adaptation. Through concrete examples, we demonstrate the potential of epistemic interaction to significantly advance human-computer interaction by leveraging intuitive human communication strategies to inform system design and functionality, offering a novel pathway for enriching user-system engagements.
Enchancing adoption of Open Source Libraries. A case study on Albumentations.AIVladimir Iglovikov, Ph.D.
Presented by Vladimir Iglovikov:
- https://www.linkedin.com/in/iglovikov/
- https://x.com/viglovikov
- https://www.instagram.com/ternaus/
This presentation delves into the journey of Albumentations.ai, a highly successful open-source library for data augmentation.
Created out of a necessity for superior performance in Kaggle competitions, Albumentations has grown to become a widely used tool among data scientists and machine learning practitioners.
This case study covers various aspects, including:
People: The contributors and community that have supported Albumentations.
Metrics: The success indicators such as downloads, daily active users, GitHub stars, and financial contributions.
Challenges: The hurdles in monetizing open-source projects and measuring user engagement.
Development Practices: Best practices for creating, maintaining, and scaling open-source libraries, including code hygiene, CI/CD, and fast iteration.
Community Building: Strategies for making adoption easy, iterating quickly, and fostering a vibrant, engaged community.
Marketing: Both online and offline marketing tactics, focusing on real, impactful interactions and collaborations.
Mental Health: Maintaining balance and not feeling pressured by user demands.
Key insights include the importance of automation, making the adoption process seamless, and leveraging offline interactions for marketing. The presentation also emphasizes the need for continuous small improvements and building a friendly, inclusive community that contributes to the project's growth.
Vladimir Iglovikov brings his extensive experience as a Kaggle Grandmaster, ex-Staff ML Engineer at Lyft, sharing valuable lessons and practical advice for anyone looking to enhance the adoption of their open-source projects.
Explore more about Albumentations and join the community at:
GitHub: https://github.com/albumentations-team/albumentations
Website: https://albumentations.ai/
LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/company/100504475
Twitter: https://x.com/albumentations
Maruthi Prithivirajan, Head of ASEAN & IN Solution Architecture, Neo4j
Get an inside look at the latest Neo4j innovations that enable relationship-driven intelligence at scale. Learn more about the newest cloud integrations and product enhancements that make Neo4j an essential choice for developers building apps with interconnected data and generative AI.
GraphRAG is All You need? LLM & Knowledge GraphGuy Korland
Guy Korland, CEO and Co-founder of FalkorDB, will review two articles on the integration of language models with knowledge graphs.
1. Unifying Large Language Models and Knowledge Graphs: A Roadmap.
https://arxiv.org/abs/2306.08302
2. Microsoft Research's GraphRAG paper and a review paper on various uses of knowledge graphs:
https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/research/blog/graphrag-unlocking-llm-discovery-on-narrative-private-data/
In the rapidly evolving landscape of technologies, XML continues to play a vital role in structuring, storing, and transporting data across diverse systems. The recent advancements in artificial intelligence (AI) present new methodologies for enhancing XML development workflows, introducing efficiency, automation, and intelligent capabilities. This presentation will outline the scope and perspective of utilizing AI in XML development. The potential benefits and the possible pitfalls will be highlighted, providing a balanced view of the subject.
We will explore the capabilities of AI in understanding XML markup languages and autonomously creating structured XML content. Additionally, we will examine the capacity of AI to enrich plain text with appropriate XML markup. Practical examples and methodological guidelines will be provided to elucidate how AI can be effectively prompted to interpret and generate accurate XML markup.
Further emphasis will be placed on the role of AI in developing XSLT, or schemas such as XSD and Schematron. We will address the techniques and strategies adopted to create prompts for generating code, explaining code, or refactoring the code, and the results achieved.
The discussion will extend to how AI can be used to transform XML content. In particular, the focus will be on the use of AI XPath extension functions in XSLT, Schematron, Schematron Quick Fixes, or for XML content refactoring.
The presentation aims to deliver a comprehensive overview of AI usage in XML development, providing attendees with the necessary knowledge to make informed decisions. Whether you’re at the early stages of adopting AI or considering integrating it in advanced XML development, this presentation will cover all levels of expertise.
By highlighting the potential advantages and challenges of integrating AI with XML development tools and languages, the presentation seeks to inspire thoughtful conversation around the future of XML development. We’ll not only delve into the technical aspects of AI-powered XML development but also discuss practical implications and possible future directions.
DevOps and Testing slides at DASA ConnectKari Kakkonen
My and Rik Marselis slides at 30.5.2024 DASA Connect conference. We discuss about what is testing, then what is agile testing and finally what is Testing in DevOps. Finally we had lovely workshop with the participants trying to find out different ways to think about quality and testing in different parts of the DevOps infinity loop.
Essentials of Automations: The Art of Triggers and Actions in FMESafe Software
In this second installment of our Essentials of Automations webinar series, we’ll explore the landscape of triggers and actions, guiding you through the nuances of authoring and adapting workspaces for seamless automations. Gain an understanding of the full spectrum of triggers and actions available in FME, empowering you to enhance your workspaces for efficient automation.
We’ll kick things off by showcasing the most commonly used event-based triggers, introducing you to various automation workflows like manual triggers, schedules, directory watchers, and more. Plus, see how these elements play out in real scenarios.
Whether you’re tweaking your current setup or building from the ground up, this session will arm you with the tools and insights needed to transform your FME usage into a powerhouse of productivity. Join us to discover effective strategies that simplify complex processes, enhancing your productivity and transforming your data management practices with FME. Let’s turn complexity into clarity and make your workspaces work wonders!
Generative AI Deep Dive: Advancing from Proof of Concept to ProductionAggregage
Join Maher Hanafi, VP of Engineering at Betterworks, in this new session where he'll share a practical framework to transform Gen AI prototypes into impactful products! He'll delve into the complexities of data collection and management, model selection and optimization, and ensuring security, scalability, and responsible use.
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 5DianaGray10
Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 5. In this session, we will cover CI/CD with devops.
Topics covered:
CI/CD with in UiPath
End-to-end overview of CI/CD pipeline with Azure devops
Speaker:
Lyndsey Byblow, Test Suite Sales Engineer @ UiPath, Inc.
How to Get CNIC Information System with Paksim Ga.pptxdanishmna97
Pakdata Cf is a groundbreaking system designed to streamline and facilitate access to CNIC information. This innovative platform leverages advanced technology to provide users with efficient and secure access to their CNIC details.
A tale of scale & speed: How the US Navy is enabling software delivery from l...sonjaschweigert1
Rapid and secure feature delivery is a goal across every application team and every branch of the DoD. The Navy’s DevSecOps platform, Party Barge, has achieved:
- Reduction in onboarding time from 5 weeks to 1 day
- Improved developer experience and productivity through actionable findings and reduction of false positives
- Maintenance of superior security standards and inherent policy enforcement with Authorization to Operate (ATO)
Development teams can ship efficiently and ensure applications are cyber ready for Navy Authorizing Officials (AOs). In this webinar, Sigma Defense and Anchore will give attendees a look behind the scenes and demo secure pipeline automation and security artifacts that speed up application ATO and time to production.
We will cover:
- How to remove silos in DevSecOps
- How to build efficient development pipeline roles and component templates
- How to deliver security artifacts that matter for ATO’s (SBOMs, vulnerability reports, and policy evidence)
- How to streamline operations with automated policy checks on container images
Sudheer Mechineni, Head of Application Frameworks, Standard Chartered Bank
Discover how Standard Chartered Bank harnessed the power of Neo4j to transform complex data access challenges into a dynamic, scalable graph database solution. This keynote will cover their journey from initial adoption to deploying a fully automated, enterprise-grade causal cluster, highlighting key strategies for modelling organisational changes and ensuring robust disaster recovery. Learn how these innovations have not only enhanced Standard Chartered Bank’s data infrastructure but also positioned them as pioneers in the banking sector’s adoption of graph technology.
In his public lecture, Christian Timmerer provides insights into the fascinating history of video streaming, starting from its humble beginnings before YouTube to the groundbreaking technologies that now dominate platforms like Netflix and ORF ON. Timmerer also presents provocative contributions of his own that have significantly influenced the industry. He concludes by looking at future challenges and invites the audience to join in a discussion.
Unlocking Productivity: Leveraging the Potential of Copilot in Microsoft 365, a presentation by Christoforos Vlachos, Senior Solutions Manager – Modern Workplace, Uni Systems
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 6DianaGray10
Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 6. In this session, we will cover Test Automation with generative AI and Open AI.
UiPath Test Automation with generative AI and Open AI webinar offers an in-depth exploration of leveraging cutting-edge technologies for test automation within the UiPath platform. Attendees will delve into the integration of generative AI, a test automation solution, with Open AI advanced natural language processing capabilities.
Throughout the session, participants will discover how this synergy empowers testers to automate repetitive tasks, enhance testing accuracy, and expedite the software testing life cycle. Topics covered include the seamless integration process, practical use cases, and the benefits of harnessing AI-driven automation for UiPath testing initiatives. By attending this webinar, testers, and automation professionals can gain valuable insights into harnessing the power of AI to optimize their test automation workflows within the UiPath ecosystem, ultimately driving efficiency and quality in software development processes.
What will you get from this session?
1. Insights into integrating generative AI.
2. Understanding how this integration enhances test automation within the UiPath platform
3. Practical demonstrations
4. Exploration of real-world use cases illustrating the benefits of AI-driven test automation for UiPath
Topics covered:
What is generative AI
Test Automation with generative AI and Open AI.
UiPath integration with generative AI
Speaker:
Deepak Rai, Automation Practice Lead, Boundaryless Group and UiPath MVP
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 6
1388585908 77602897
1. Journal of Advanced Computing and Communication Technologies (ISSN: 2347 - 2804)
Volume No. 1 Issue No. 2, December 2013
Comparative Study of Different Techniques for License Plate
Recognition
By
Jitendra Sharma1, Prof Khushboo Saxena2, Prof Amit Sinhal3
1, 2, 3 Department of Information Technology, Technocrats Institute of Technology, Bhopal
jamofperson@gmail.com, kskhusboosaxena26@gmail.com
ABSTRACT
License Plate detection and recognition is a key technique in
most of the traffic related applications such as searching of
stolen vehicles, road traffic monitoring, airport gate
monitoring, speed monitoring and Automatic parking access
control. It is simply the ability to automatically extract and
recognition of the vehicle license number plate’s character
from a captured image. The License plate recognition systems
have established a lot of interest from the research community
because there is a certain limitation in particular territory, city
or countries and lack of equivalence among different license
plates. In This paper, we try to give an enhance and
comprehensive view of the research work made in the area of
LP detection and recognition and the techniques employed in
developing a License Plate Recognition (LPR) system. In this
analysis we not only study and also compare the License Plate
Recognition Techniques based on different criteria like plate
region extraction, character segmentation and character
recognition rate using ANN, RBFNN and Template Matching
along with its pros and cons.
Keywords
LP detection, License Plate Recognition, Artificial Neural
Network, Radial Basis Function Neural Network, Template
Matching.
1. INTRODUCTION
License Plate Recognition (LPR) is an image technology used
to identify plates for their vehicles. This technology is gaining
popularity in security and traffic facilities. The purpose of
LPR was to build a system capable of automatically recording
of the license plate numbers of passing vehicles traveling
down a roadway. [1] Nowadays, the license plate recognition
is broadly employed in traffic management to recognize a
vehicle whose owner has despoiled traffic laws or to find
stolen vehicles. Vehicle License plate detection and
recognition is a key technique in most of the traffic related
applications such as searching of stolen vehicles, road traffic
monitoring, airport gate monitoring, speed monitoring and
Automatic parking lots access control. [4]
In order to solve such License plate remains the
principle vehicle identifier despite the fact that it can be
deliberated altered in fraud situation (with stolen plate). The
License plate recognition system (LPRS) was introduced in
1976 at the police scientific development branch at the United
Kingdom (UK). It is similar to the Automatic number plate
recognition (ANPR). However, it has achieved must greater
interest during the last few decades along with the upgrading
of the digital cameras and increased in computational capacity
[2]. The Purpose of this Automatic license plate recognition
system is to impact illicit drug trafficking on the regional
stability of the metro city in particular in combination with
other present destabilizing factors. It is simply the ability to
automatically extract and recognition of the vehicle license
number plate’s character from a captured image. It is
essentially consist of frame grabber or camera that has the
ability to grab an image, find the location of the number in the
figure and take out the character of an instrument of character
recognition to convert the pixel into easily readable character.
It can also be used in highly sensitive areas like military zones
or area above top government head offices. The detection of
the stolen vehicle can be done in an efficient manner by using
ANPR system installed on the highways [2] [3].
The LPRS operates in three steps, the first step is the detection
and capturing a vehicle image, second step is the detection
and extraction of number plate in an image and last step is use
image segmentation technique to get the individual character
and Optical Character Recognition (OCR) to identify the
individual character with the help of database stored for each
and every alphanumeric character [4].
The License Plate Recognition System (LPRS) is normally
made up of four parts, where each of the process contains sub
process.
A.
LP image Location
License Plate Location is an integral and inseparable part of
the system, as it locates the plate that encloses the license
plate numbers. The whole concept depends on the edges of
the license plate only because there are a huge data in the
image. The extraction of multiple license plates from an
image with a complex background is the main factor.
Different processes performed to extract the license plate. The
extractor gives its output to the segmentation part. [4]
B.
Character Segmentation
License plate segmentation, process is also called as the
Character Separation. After the license plate images are
extracted from a picture, and then find individual character in
the license plate to recognize it. In the segmentation of license
1
2. Journal of Advanced Computing and Communication Technologies (ISSN: 2347 - 2804)
Volume No. 1 Issue No. 2, December 2013
plate characters, license plate is first converted into binary
image then characters divided into segments to essential parts
obtaining the characters separately [4]. License plate
Segmentation is useful to the license plate in arrange to
outline the individual characters. License Plate Segmentation,
which is referred to as Character Isolation takes the region of
interest and attempts to split it into individual characters.
C.
Character Recognition.
License Plate Recognition is the last step of the LPR system.
This step is the main part of the recognition process which
decides the accuracy and recognition rate of the system. This
Recognition involves about to recognize the characters of the
license plate numbers and character [4] [5]. Before the
recognition the license plate characters are normalized.
Normalization is to improve the characters into a block
containing no added white spaces (pixels) in all the four sides
of the characters. In this Stage, the license plate character
images that are taken out from the license plate image have to
be recognized. It is actually the process of the character
recognition of the license plate characters. The character
recognition of the license plate can be find out through Neural
Network, Template matching, Hough Transform, Radial Basic
Function.
2. LITERATURE REVIEW
The literature review is divided into two sections. In first
section we describe the License Plate Detection using RBF
Neural Networks and in second section we describe some
more techniques in detail for License Plate Detection using
Template Matching.
A. Review for license plate detection using RBFNN
1.
Vehicle License Plate Recognition Based on
Text-line Construction and Multilevel RBF
Neural Network
In this technique author gave a new approach for license
plate recognition using the text-line construction and
multilevel RBFNN. The location of the license plate will be
determined according to the text-line construction result and
the characteristics of the vehicle license plate character
arrangement. And then the locally best adaptive binarization
is utilized to make more accurate license plate localization.
After the license plate localization, the method of vertical
projection information with prior knowledge is proposed to
segment character and extract the statistic feature. The
multilevel classification RBF neural network is then used to
recognize with feature vectors as input so that; the recognition
result is reliable and satisfied by the accuracy requirement of
the Intelligent Transportation Systems. [2]
Pros:
Use of Multilevel classification of RBFNN is improving
the accuracy of the recognition of the characters.
Cons:
The system is unable to properly recognize some
characters and numbers like 2, 0, 7 and more; due to this the
recognition rate is lower compare to the other characters.
2.
Automatic License Plate Detection and
Recognition Using Radial Basis Function Neural
Network
In this work authors has used the Radial Basis Function
Neural Network. The RBFNN used for the plate detection and
recognition of the license plate. It also uses the different
image pre-processing processes like edge detection, image
dilation, filtering, filling and smoothing for improving the
quality of the image. The pre-processing firstly performs gray
scale conversion of the image. And then the gray scale image
is converted into black and white image using sobel edge
detector and morphological method. To fill the gaps, “flood
fill algorithm is used. After completion of all this steps, the
pre-processed images are used for LP detection. For this it
uses threshold value, the objects those satisfy the maximum
and minimum threshold value are then classified as “Plate”
and “No Plate” categories. The RBFNN is used for LP
detection. The objects those are classified as “Plate” are
finally used for trained the RBFNN. For character detection
the RBFNN is used with feature extraction process, the
original features are extracted and feed into NN for classify
the characters. [7]
Pros:
The character segmentation rate is 99%.
Cons:
The filtering process used for character recognition from
other images, it may leads to erroneous License plate
detection.
3.
An Algorithm for License Plate Recognition
Using Radial Basis Function Neural Network
The authors proposed a new technique for the license
plate recognition system. Sobel edge detector, vertical and
horizontal projection and mathematical morphology (MM)
operation used for LP region. The character segmentation
with the help of different process like Binarization based on
core region, Unifying the background color, connected
component analysis, and Extract character size judgment. And
RBFNN used for the character recognition process. This uses
single hidden layer which provides maximal output according
to the input. [8]
Pros:
Connected component analysis is used for the character
segmentation. It eliminates the component whose height not
match with the characters from the plate and provides the
segmented characters. And with the help of this it finds the
exact height of the characters.
Cons:
The system may fail if the texture of the plate is not clear
and the License plate region is short of the threshold of
projection operation.
4.
A Smart Hybrid License Plate Recognition
System Based on Image Processing using Neural
Network and Image Correlation
The authors involved in the field of the license plate
recognition system as a variety of License Plates (LP). It uses
the image processing for the character segmentation. Image
correlation and Neural Network with LVQ (Learning Vector
Quantization) used for recognition process. The hybrid
2
3. Journal of Advanced Computing and Communication Technologies (ISSN: 2347 - 2804)
Volume No. 1 Issue No. 2, December 2013
method is better for recognition, it uses image correlation and
NN with LVQ with increases the probability of recognition of
the right character. The character first passed to the image
correlation if its value is greater or equal to the ½ then
characters is recognized correctly. If it less than ½ then
character is wrong. And finally it go it passes to the NN for
recognition and accepted the character as the right one. [9]
Pros:
The character segmentation process segment the
character 100%, which removes all unwanted areas.
Cons:
The main problem in the system is that if the correlation
coefficient value is greater or equal than ½, it accepts the
character as the correct whereas character may be wrong. And
the correct character is getting by the neural network. But it
accepts the character recognized by correlation not by the
neural network.
B. Review for license
Template matching
1.
plate
detection
Pros:
High speed of recognition. The recognition time of
CM1K system was 101µs, while most of the existing
technologies need millisecond processing time.
High stability. The CM1K system performs better in
stability than software system, because most of the circuit was
integrated in the FPGA, and the bottom hardware finished
much amount work of recognition. On the contrary, the
software system is completely dependent on the PC, so any
delay for the PC might make it loss some plates.
using
License Plate Recognition System for Indian
vehicles
The authors involved in the field of the license plate
recognition system as from field of image processing and
machine vision in construction of a Automatic license plate
recognition system for Indian vehicles term as (ALPRSIV). It
includes algorithms, which make sure process plate
normalization, process of suitable character segmentation,
normalization and recognition. All these methods achieving
invariance of systems towards image skew homographs and a
variety of plate condition. The process of skew correction
which uses the Gamma correction method, after that the
image is converted to gray scale for intensity adjustment.
Horizontal and vertical projection is done for separate the
individual characters. Remove unwanted elements such as
dots and scratches and then tries to enhancement in the
segments.
Character recognition is done with OCR method. It tries
to find out the nearest match. The pattern whose correlation
value is nearest to the particular character is labeled as the
respective character [10]
Pros:
The system gives information regarding the state and
vehicle type according to the number plate after completion
all processes.
Cons:
The system has some disadvantages that if the number
plate contains extra designs or the font of the number plate
alters regularly, it creates a problem. The vehicles that do not
follow the standard rules of Indian Number plates pose a
problem to the system. There are numerous number plates in
the vehicle whose condition is so bad that even a human eye
cannot recognize it. In those cases the system is obviously
unable to obtain the expected results.
2.
composed of two modules video image processing module
with neural network module using equalized image processing
algorithm and network classification algorithm. The chip
includes image sensor, CogniMem chip, interface circuit and
PC monitoring module. The video from the image sensor is
sent to video module of the CogniMem chip. The feature
vector is automatically generated by the chip from the region
of interest given by user. The recognition is shown on the PC.
[11]
Vehicle-License-Plate Recognition Based on
Neural Networks
The authors gave the innovative approach for License
plate recognition based on Neural Network. To recognize the
number plate the neural network chip is used. The chip
Cons:
Recognition rate is less.
3.
A license plate recognition algorithm for
Intelligent Transportation System applications
In this technique the author gave a new approach for
image segmentation. The license plate recognition system as
uses an algorithm novel adaptive image segmentation
technique (Sliding Concentric Windows-SCW) and connected
component analysis in conjunction with a character
recognition Neural Network. The algorithm was tested with
particular natural scene gray level vehicle images of different
backgrounds and ambient illumination. The camera targeted
within the plate, while the angle of sight and the distance from
the vehicle varied according to the condition if needed. The
character recognition process is done by PNN (Probabilistic
Neural Network). The SCW is used for the describing the
local irregularity in the image using image statistics. It creates
two windows for the pixel of the image. If the ratio of
statistical measurement in two windows more than threshold
set by the user, then the central pixel of windows is
considered as the Region of Interest. It gives optimal result, if
the ratio of concentric window is near to the ratio of the object
is defined.[12]
Pros:
The novel adaptive technique for segmentation i.e.
Sliding Concentric windows used for the finding the region of
Interest and for segmentation the connected component
analysis is used.
The OCR system is a two layer Probabilistic Neural
Network (PNN) with topology, whose performance for entire
plate recognition reached has been improved easily.
Cons:
The major drawback in the proposed algorithmic
sequence revolve around the varying light levels encountered
during a 24 hour period and the effect those lighting changes
have on the image being forwarded to the OCR program as
well as due to the physical appearance of the plates.
4.
Automatic License Plate Recognition
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4. Journal of Advanced Computing and Communication Technologies (ISSN: 2347 - 2804)
Volume No. 1 Issue No. 2, December 2013
The authors describe automatic license plate recognition
processes. The LPR system consists of four steps Plate
Localization, Preprocessing, Segmentation and Normalization
and Optical Character Recognition (OCR). Before applying
the Morphological operator the RGB image is converted to
the gray image and binary image. Otsu method applied to
convert the gray image into Binary image. Then the
morphological operator applied on the image to identify the
plate location. Then the plate region is preprocessed by
applying the histogram equalization technique. The smearing
and morphological algorithms are used to segment the
characters and segmented result is normalized and fed to the
OCR part for recognition [13]
Pros:
Different methods are useful for providing better
recognition rate.
Cons:
Some of the characters give the erroneous result for
confusing characters like 2 and Z which decreases the
recognition rate.
5.
New Morphology-Based Method for Robust
Iranian Car Plate Detection and Recognition
The author has presented a new real time and robust
method of license plate detection and recognition based on the
morphology and template matching. Isolation of the image is
the main phase of the system, from digital image clicked by
camera in different circumstances. Firstly the image is
preprocessed for further recognition, after that morphological
operator is applied for image location. The morphological
operator is based on the shapes. Morphological process is
used for character segmentation. It removes all small
connected elements. Then dilation operator is applied to
separate the character from each other. And partition scanning
is done for character segmentation. Character recognition is
done with the help of template matching process. For this
image correlation method is used. [14]
Pros:
The detection of the plate is achieved with the higher
accuracy.
It shows accuracy for plate extraction 97.6%,
segmentation 96% and recognition of characters IS 98.8%.
Cons:
The similarity between some characters decreases the
recognition rate.
3. CONCLUSION
The process of vehicle number plate recognition requires a
very high degree of accuracy when the system is deal with
different area of license plate detection like automatic parking,
automated toll booth, border control, law enforcement and
many more. In this paper we have presented a survey of
License Plate Recognition Techniques. It also describes how
these techniques are helpful for recognize number plate and
how to improve recognition rate, character segmentation and
plate region extraction rate. The performance, concepts along
with pros and cons of License Plate Recognition techniques
are summarized in this paper. Performance analysis of various
License Plate Recognition techniques is discussed in the table
below
Sr
Techniques
Recogniti
Character
Plate
.
Employed
on Rate
Segmentati
Region
(%)
on (%)
Extracti
n
o
1
on (%)
LPR based
93
-
-
91
99
95
94.3
97
99.3
96.64
100
80
on TextPros:
It gives better performance for license plate
localization. It correctly finds the location of plate up to
97.3%.
line
Constructi
on and
Cons:
If the image quality is not good the system get failed to
recognize the characters.
6.
Automatic Vehicle
Recognition
Identification
by
Plate
The author presents a new smart and simple algorithm is
presented for the license plate recognition. The LPR works in
different parts: plate region extraction, character segmentation
and recognition. The recognition process is done with the
help of template matching. The plate is firstly converted into
binarized image then the smearing algorithm is applied to find
out the plate region. After this the morphological operator is
applied to get the location. Then segmentation is done with
the morphological function. The dilation operator is used for
separate the characters. Before the recognition, the characters
are normalized. Normaliztion is done for refine characters into
a block containing no white spaces and then characters are fit
into equal size for template matching. Cross correlation
method is used for character recognition. [15]
Multilevel
RBFNN
2
Automatic
LPR and
Detection
Using
RBFNN
3
LPR using
RBFNN
4
LPR with
Image
Correlation
4