1.3.6 Autoimmune disease.pptx
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This document provides an overview of an immunology and immunoinformatics master's program. It summarizes the course outcomes, which include learning about the immune system components, HLA and immune responses, types of hypersensitivity and autoimmune disorders, and immunoinformatics applications. It then provides details on autoimmunity and autoimmune diseases, including the mechanisms of central and peripheral tolerance that normally prevent autoimmunity. It defines autoimmunity as the presence of autoantibodies without pathological changes, while autoimmune diseases involve tissue damage. Criteria for classifying diseases as autoimmune are outlined. Mechanisms of autoimmunity and characteristics of autoimmune diseases are briefly discussed. References used in the document are listed at the end.
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Hemodialysis: Chapter 4, Dialysate Circuit - Dr.Gawad
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/kqbnxVAZs-0
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/SINlygW1Mpc
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
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Local Advanced Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex Sys...
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The Nervous and Chemical Regulation of Respiration
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a simplified look into the mechanisms involved in the regulation of respiration:
Learning objectives:
1. Describe the organisation of respiratory center
2. Describe the nervous control of inspiration and respiratory rhythm
3. Describe the functions of the dorsal and respiratory groups of neurons
4. Describe the influences of the Pneumotaxic and Apneustic centers
5. Explain the role of Hering-Breur inflation reflex in regulation of inspiration
6. Explain the role of central chemoreceptors in regulation of respiration
7. Explain the role of peripheral chemoreceptors in regulation of respiration
8. Explain the regulation of respiration during exercise
9. Integrate the respiratory regulatory mechanisms
10. Describe the Cheyne-Stokes breathing
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 42, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 36, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 13, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
share - Lions, tigers, AI and health misinformation, oh my!.pptx
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- 1. UNIVERSITY INSTITUTE OF BIOTECHNOLOGY Master’s of Science (Bioinformatics) Subject: Immunology and Immunoinformatics Code:22BNT-725 Autoimmune disease
- 2. Course outcomes CO1 Students will learn about vario us immune system components CO2 Students will learn about HLA and immune responses CO3 Students will be able to understand types of hypersensitivity and autoimmune disorders CO4 Students will be able to explain various vaccination strategies and their limitations CO5 Students will learn about immunoinformatics, its applications in vaccine design and various immunological databases and tools
- 4. T cell Development Bone Marrow Thymus Lymph Nodes Spleen In normal individuals, majority of lymphocytes reacting with auto-antigens are deleted in primary DELETION (Central lymphoid organs by CLONAL Tolerance) Few self-reactive lymphocytyes which escape and reach secondary lymphoid tissues are down regulated there by CLONAL ANERGY , Tregs or other mechanisms (Peripheral Tolerance) HORROR AUTOTOXICUS: Ehlrich proposed that immune system should not be toxic to auto (self) tissues. Thus, normal ANTIGENS individuals are TOLERANT to AUTO
- 5. IDIOTYPE ANTI-IDOTYPE ANTI-ANTI IDIOTYPE NEGATIVE SIGNAL AUTOIMMUNITY: The presence of autoantibodies (antibodies against auto- antigens) or autoreactive (self reactive) lymphocytes without the induction of any pathological changes Autoantibodies can be found in normal individuals, particularly in old animals and in the female gender group AUTOANTIBODIES may have a physiological role in: 1. Removal of senescent/ damaged cells 2. Idiotype anti-idiotypes negative feed back
- 6. AUTOIMMUNE DISEASES: Pathological changes (structural and/or functional) in tissues and/or organs as a consequence of autoreactive cells CRITERIA FOR AUTOIMMUNE DISEASE OR WITEBSKY’S POSTULATES 1. The presence of autoantibodies or autoreactive lymphocytes ( in association with pathological changes ) 2. Experimental reproduction of the disease in laboratory animals 3. The features of the experimental disease must closely match with the clinical disease. 4. Ability to passively transfer the disease by autoantibodies or lymphocytes
- 7. • Autoimmunity results from a failure or breakdown of the mechanisms normally responsible for maintaining self-tolerance in B cells, T cells, or both. • Although underlying molecular etiologies remain elusive for most autoimmune diseases, it is thought that autoimmunity is multifactorial, resulting from a complex interplay between genetic susceptibility, environmental triggers, and aberrant immune regulation • Autoimmune diseases may be either systemic or organ specific. • Various effector mechanisms are responsible for tissue injury in different autoimmune diseases. • It is not uncommon for a patient to have symptoms of more than one autoimmune disease (known as ‘overlap’, or undifferentiated collagen vascular syndrome). • On contrary, a patient with one autoimmune disease may have serologic markers – but no clinical manifestations – of another General Characteristics
- 8. REFERENCES • Kuby, Immunology II and V Edition. 8 Text Books s Title Author Edition Year Publisher Name T-1 Immunology Janis Kuby 5th 2002 W..Freeman and company. Kuby J (2002). Textbook of Immunology. W..Freeman and company.
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