This document examines the impact of climate change on epilepsy patients in Nigeria over an 8-year period from 2010-2017. It analyzes data on 2873 epilepsy patients who visited the Neuropsychiatric Hospital in Akure, stratified by age. The main independent variables studied are temperature and relative humidity. Single regression analysis found that increases in temperature and relative humidity make different age groups more vulnerable to epilepsy cases. Children aged 10-19 years were most vulnerable to increased risk from higher temperatures, while adults aged 20-44 years were most vulnerable to increased risk from higher relative humidity. Overall, epilepsy developed more in adults than children with combined increases in both climate factors. Different age groups responded differently to variability in temperature and relative humidity throughout
The Impact of Temperature and Relative Humidity Elevation on Mental Health of...ijtsrd
The paper examined the impact of temperature and relative humidity escalation on mental health of in patient admitted into Jos Teaching Hospital JUTH Jos, Plateau State, Nigeria. The main independent variables of interest were temperature and relative humidity we also employed two derived parameters heat index and overlapping effect in our analysis in which we used four years 2011 2014 data of psychiatric cases and in patient that were admitted in the hospital, ex post facto research design was adopted for the study. The population of the study comprised 2073 in patient that was admitted in the hospital from the year 2011 2014 was sample used for the study. Data collected were analyzed with used of single regression and multiple regression analysis with complex heat index formula. The study found climate parameters temperature and relative humidity and their counterpart derived parameters heat index and overlapping effect make population vulnerable to the risk of psychiatric cases and do increase the numbers of patient admitted in the JUTH. There were positive association between the numbers of in patient in the JUTH and those parameters with 41 and 38 critical acute psychiatric cases due to overlapping and heat index effect respectively. In other word 79 10.2 of the total 778 numbers of patient traceable to those parameters were in critical acute psychiatric condition. Increase in the relative humidity and overlapping made population more vulnerable to the risk of psychiatric cases with approximately equal strength than the heat index and temperature. But the heat index makes more risk than temperature. The vulnerability of population to psychiatric cases was not equally distributed throughout the year 2011 2014. Population response differently to the impact of each parameter throughout those years considered. The effective strength of relative humidity determines the effective strength of the overlapping effect and the effective strength of temperature determine that of the heat index. Jaiyeola O. Paul | Abdullahi Ayegba | Abimaje Okolo Suleiman ""The Impact of Temperature and Relative Humidity Elevation on Mental Health of In-Patient Admitted Into Jos Teaching Hospital Jos, Plateau State, Nigeria"" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-2 , February 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd29944.pdf
Paper Url : https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/aeronautical-engineering/29944/the-impact-of-temperature-and-relative-humidity-elevation-on-mental-health-of-in-patient-admitted-into-jos-teaching-hospital-jos-plateau-state-nigeria/jaiyeola-o-paul
Sweden approached Coronavirus differently than the U.S. It's been called "The Sweden Experiment."
Instead of quarantining everyone Sweden quarantined the sick and recommended, but did not require, that the vulnerable stay isolated too.
What's interesting is Sweden's approach is not an experiment, it's what has always been done. Never in history have we closed businesses and forced everyone to stay at home.
Instead, we have isolated the sick and warned the vulnerable, exactly what Sweden is doing.
It's too early to tell whether "The Sweden Experiment" is the right approach, but one thing is for sure, Sweden is not conducting the experiment, we are.
On behalf of the millions of closed businesses and unemployed workers, let's hope we're right.
Want to know how Sweden's approach is working out? Read this article.
World Allergy Week 2015: AIRWAY ALLERGIES The human and economic burdenJuan Carlos Ivancevich
Welcome! Join us during World Allergy Week 2015 and increase awareness of Airway Allergies - A Human and Economic Burden. There are many ways you can participate, and we hope you will explore this website, returning often, as it will continue to change.
The World Allergy Organization (WAO) is addressing the need for greater awareness and understanding of allergy topics as well as the exchange of ideas and collaboration in order to address treatment and quality-of-life issues related to the care of patients with allergic rhinitis and asthma.
The Impact of Temperature and Relative Humidity Elevation on Mental Health of...ijtsrd
The paper examined the impact of temperature and relative humidity escalation on mental health of in patient admitted into Jos Teaching Hospital JUTH Jos, Plateau State, Nigeria. The main independent variables of interest were temperature and relative humidity we also employed two derived parameters heat index and overlapping effect in our analysis in which we used four years 2011 2014 data of psychiatric cases and in patient that were admitted in the hospital, ex post facto research design was adopted for the study. The population of the study comprised 2073 in patient that was admitted in the hospital from the year 2011 2014 was sample used for the study. Data collected were analyzed with used of single regression and multiple regression analysis with complex heat index formula. The study found climate parameters temperature and relative humidity and their counterpart derived parameters heat index and overlapping effect make population vulnerable to the risk of psychiatric cases and do increase the numbers of patient admitted in the JUTH. There were positive association between the numbers of in patient in the JUTH and those parameters with 41 and 38 critical acute psychiatric cases due to overlapping and heat index effect respectively. In other word 79 10.2 of the total 778 numbers of patient traceable to those parameters were in critical acute psychiatric condition. Increase in the relative humidity and overlapping made population more vulnerable to the risk of psychiatric cases with approximately equal strength than the heat index and temperature. But the heat index makes more risk than temperature. The vulnerability of population to psychiatric cases was not equally distributed throughout the year 2011 2014. Population response differently to the impact of each parameter throughout those years considered. The effective strength of relative humidity determines the effective strength of the overlapping effect and the effective strength of temperature determine that of the heat index. Jaiyeola O. Paul | Abdullahi Ayegba | Abimaje Okolo Suleiman ""The Impact of Temperature and Relative Humidity Elevation on Mental Health of In-Patient Admitted Into Jos Teaching Hospital Jos, Plateau State, Nigeria"" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-2 , February 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd29944.pdf
Paper Url : https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/aeronautical-engineering/29944/the-impact-of-temperature-and-relative-humidity-elevation-on-mental-health-of-in-patient-admitted-into-jos-teaching-hospital-jos-plateau-state-nigeria/jaiyeola-o-paul
Sweden approached Coronavirus differently than the U.S. It's been called "The Sweden Experiment."
Instead of quarantining everyone Sweden quarantined the sick and recommended, but did not require, that the vulnerable stay isolated too.
What's interesting is Sweden's approach is not an experiment, it's what has always been done. Never in history have we closed businesses and forced everyone to stay at home.
Instead, we have isolated the sick and warned the vulnerable, exactly what Sweden is doing.
It's too early to tell whether "The Sweden Experiment" is the right approach, but one thing is for sure, Sweden is not conducting the experiment, we are.
On behalf of the millions of closed businesses and unemployed workers, let's hope we're right.
Want to know how Sweden's approach is working out? Read this article.
World Allergy Week 2015: AIRWAY ALLERGIES The human and economic burdenJuan Carlos Ivancevich
Welcome! Join us during World Allergy Week 2015 and increase awareness of Airway Allergies - A Human and Economic Burden. There are many ways you can participate, and we hope you will explore this website, returning often, as it will continue to change.
The World Allergy Organization (WAO) is addressing the need for greater awareness and understanding of allergy topics as well as the exchange of ideas and collaboration in order to address treatment and quality-of-life issues related to the care of patients with allergic rhinitis and asthma.
Tari Haahtela, Professor em., University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Finland, at Europe That Protects - Safeguarding Our Planet, Safeguarding Our Health EU side event, 3-4 Dec 2019, THL, Helsinki
Stir up a fire and burn oneself: the secret of fire therapyLucyPi1
On December 25, 2018, Ding Xiang Yuan Weixin Public Platform, a well-known medical academic exchange platform in China, published an article "The Ten-Billion Health Care Empire Quan Jian and the Chinese Families in its Shadow". The article questioned whether Quan Jian Company's fire therapy has any therapeutic effect and cited several cases of death caused by fire therapy of Quan Jian Company. Quan Jian subsequently issued an official statement, stating that the article published by "Dingxiang Doctor", was false information and initiated a lawsuit against the company affiliated with Ding Xiang Yuan, which has now entered the judicial process.
Founders of epidemiology and thier contributionsShareef Ngunguni
The document is a foundation to epidemiology. It describes at least well known contributes to epidemiology.More preciously,the article entails the details of the epidemiologists. Spelling errors may persist and your feedback may be submitted to the email address attached.
A Serological Survey of Human Parainfluenza Viruses (HPIVs) among Children in...iosrjce
This study was done to carry out a survey of Human Parainfluenza Virus in children aged 1-12years
in Kaduna Metropolis, Nigeria using the Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay Diagnostic kits. Of the 376
samples tested for IgG antibody of HPIV 1, 2 and 3, 288 were seropositive (76.6%). Risk and demographic
factors such as age of the children parental occupation, parental educational status, vitamin A deficiency,
frequency of eating, household size, duration of breastfeeding, environmental smoke, respiratory symptoms,
fever, sickle cell and underlying diseases were analysed. Age (χ2=17.408, p=0.001), parental occupation
(χ2=10.116, p=0.039), duration of breastfeeding (χ2=8.439, p=0.015), presence of respiratory symptoms
(χ2=5.116, p=0.024) were significantly associated with the infection. Observation from the study showed the
importance of Human Parainfluenza Virus as an agent of respiratory tract infection in children. As antiviral
drugs are not readily available, preventive measures should be adhered to in the control of the infection.
SPORADIC OUTBREAK CASES OF DIPHTHERIA: A THREE YEARS’ STUDY IN A TERTIARY CAR...Earthjournal Publisher
SPORADIC OUTBREAK CASES OF DIPHTHERIA: A THREE YEARS’ STUDY IN A TERTIARY CARE CENTRE OF NORTHEAST INDIA.
Daiji Gogoi Mohan, Mayuri Gogoi,Naba Kumar Hazarika
IRO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MEDICAL AND APPLIED SCIENCES 2018, 1(1):1-5.
Japanese encephalitis - Sep 2019 India epidemiology - Is vaccination needed?Gaurav Gupta
IAP Chandigarh Meeting presentation on a Panel Discussion on the need for JE vaccination in Indian situation, especially for private practitioners in and around Chandigarh, North India
COVID 19 Outbreak and Eating Disorders – An Emerging Problemijtsrd
COVID 19 has been reported to exacerbate and precipitate depressive spells, anxiety spectrum disorders. Eating disorders that mainly include Anorexia Nervosa AN and Bulimia Nervosa BN can occur or flare up in such patients as well as an indirect influence of the pandemic .The nationwide lockdown, social isolation as well as psychiatric illnesses arising out of it can lead to such disorders. Further sample based studies are the need of the hour. Dr. Ankit Halder | Dr. Dhakshana Pushpanathan | Dr. Navna Panchami "COVID 19 Outbreak and Eating Disorders – An Emerging Problem" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-4 , June 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.compapers/ijtsrd42588.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.commedicine/other/42588/covid-19-outbreak-and-eating-disorders-–-an-emerging-problem/dr-ankit-halder
Scrub typhus (ST), a zoonotic disease, is currently being recognized as a significant contributor to the changing landscape of infectious diseases in India. As one of the important causes of febrile illness, in many parts of the country, general practitioners need to include it as part of the workup for cases of fever of unknown origin. While very amenable to early treatment with a simple regime of doxycycline, delayed diagnosis can result in a spectrum of complications. We report here one such complication of a case of ST manifesting with isolated lateral rectus palsy, which, to the best of our knowledge, has been reported only thrice in the world previously. Family physicians also need to be aware of the availability in India of affordable serological testing for ST that is useful for rapid and inexpensive diagnosis, leading to timely treatment.
Abstract—To strengthen the surveillance system in India, Integrated Disease Surveillance Program (IDSP) was launched in 2004. The frequent occurrence of epidemics even after the launching of the IDSP was an indication toward inadequacy of the system. The aim of the this study was to find out the IDSP disease pattern and load on a tertiary hospital. It was cross-sectional study carried out in hospitals attached to SMS medical College, Jaipur (Rajasthan) India. Weekly report of IDSP in 'P' Form was collected from SMS Medical College, Hospitals. Data related to IDSP diseases were gathered from these reports. These reports were analysed in percentage and proportion. It was observed in this study that among IDSP diseases most common was fever of unknown origin accounting total 93 (23.97%) cases followed by Acute Diarrheal including Ac. Gastroenteritis, Acute Respiratory Infection (ARI) Influenza like illness (ILI), Pneumonia, Malaria, Viral hepatitis etc. Distribution of various IDSP diseases were with significant variation in pediatric and adult population. Among pediatric population ADD was most common whereas in adult population ARIs were most common. Even after launching of more than a decade, a sizable burden of IDSP diseases is there at tertiary level hospital, who could be treated at peripheral health institutes like Sub centre and Primary health centre. So there is a strong need for IDSP disease and its toll free no awareness.
Comparative Analysis of the Impact of Climate Change on Male and Female Menta...ijtsrd
The paper examined the impact of temperature and relative humidity escalation on mental health of in patient and out patient admitted into Neuropsychiatric Hospital Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria. The main independent variables of interest are temperature and relative humidity covering a period of eight years 2010 2017. The effective strength of temperature made the numbers of male female populations more vulnerable to the risk of psychiatric cases than the effective strength of relative humidity. Jaiyeola O. Paul | Abdullahi Ayegba | Esu S. Ulaetor ""Comparative Analysis of the Impact of Climate Change on Male and Female Mental Health"" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-2 , February 2020,
URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd30154.pdf
Paper Url : https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/other/30154/comparative-analysis-of-the-impact-of-climate-change-on-male-and-female-mental-health/jaiyeola-o-paul
Tari Haahtela, Professor em., University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Finland, at Europe That Protects - Safeguarding Our Planet, Safeguarding Our Health EU side event, 3-4 Dec 2019, THL, Helsinki
Stir up a fire and burn oneself: the secret of fire therapyLucyPi1
On December 25, 2018, Ding Xiang Yuan Weixin Public Platform, a well-known medical academic exchange platform in China, published an article "The Ten-Billion Health Care Empire Quan Jian and the Chinese Families in its Shadow". The article questioned whether Quan Jian Company's fire therapy has any therapeutic effect and cited several cases of death caused by fire therapy of Quan Jian Company. Quan Jian subsequently issued an official statement, stating that the article published by "Dingxiang Doctor", was false information and initiated a lawsuit against the company affiliated with Ding Xiang Yuan, which has now entered the judicial process.
Founders of epidemiology and thier contributionsShareef Ngunguni
The document is a foundation to epidemiology. It describes at least well known contributes to epidemiology.More preciously,the article entails the details of the epidemiologists. Spelling errors may persist and your feedback may be submitted to the email address attached.
A Serological Survey of Human Parainfluenza Viruses (HPIVs) among Children in...iosrjce
This study was done to carry out a survey of Human Parainfluenza Virus in children aged 1-12years
in Kaduna Metropolis, Nigeria using the Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay Diagnostic kits. Of the 376
samples tested for IgG antibody of HPIV 1, 2 and 3, 288 were seropositive (76.6%). Risk and demographic
factors such as age of the children parental occupation, parental educational status, vitamin A deficiency,
frequency of eating, household size, duration of breastfeeding, environmental smoke, respiratory symptoms,
fever, sickle cell and underlying diseases were analysed. Age (χ2=17.408, p=0.001), parental occupation
(χ2=10.116, p=0.039), duration of breastfeeding (χ2=8.439, p=0.015), presence of respiratory symptoms
(χ2=5.116, p=0.024) were significantly associated with the infection. Observation from the study showed the
importance of Human Parainfluenza Virus as an agent of respiratory tract infection in children. As antiviral
drugs are not readily available, preventive measures should be adhered to in the control of the infection.
SPORADIC OUTBREAK CASES OF DIPHTHERIA: A THREE YEARS’ STUDY IN A TERTIARY CAR...Earthjournal Publisher
SPORADIC OUTBREAK CASES OF DIPHTHERIA: A THREE YEARS’ STUDY IN A TERTIARY CARE CENTRE OF NORTHEAST INDIA.
Daiji Gogoi Mohan, Mayuri Gogoi,Naba Kumar Hazarika
IRO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MEDICAL AND APPLIED SCIENCES 2018, 1(1):1-5.
Japanese encephalitis - Sep 2019 India epidemiology - Is vaccination needed?Gaurav Gupta
IAP Chandigarh Meeting presentation on a Panel Discussion on the need for JE vaccination in Indian situation, especially for private practitioners in and around Chandigarh, North India
COVID 19 Outbreak and Eating Disorders – An Emerging Problemijtsrd
COVID 19 has been reported to exacerbate and precipitate depressive spells, anxiety spectrum disorders. Eating disorders that mainly include Anorexia Nervosa AN and Bulimia Nervosa BN can occur or flare up in such patients as well as an indirect influence of the pandemic .The nationwide lockdown, social isolation as well as psychiatric illnesses arising out of it can lead to such disorders. Further sample based studies are the need of the hour. Dr. Ankit Halder | Dr. Dhakshana Pushpanathan | Dr. Navna Panchami "COVID 19 Outbreak and Eating Disorders – An Emerging Problem" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-4 , June 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.compapers/ijtsrd42588.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.commedicine/other/42588/covid-19-outbreak-and-eating-disorders-–-an-emerging-problem/dr-ankit-halder
Scrub typhus (ST), a zoonotic disease, is currently being recognized as a significant contributor to the changing landscape of infectious diseases in India. As one of the important causes of febrile illness, in many parts of the country, general practitioners need to include it as part of the workup for cases of fever of unknown origin. While very amenable to early treatment with a simple regime of doxycycline, delayed diagnosis can result in a spectrum of complications. We report here one such complication of a case of ST manifesting with isolated lateral rectus palsy, which, to the best of our knowledge, has been reported only thrice in the world previously. Family physicians also need to be aware of the availability in India of affordable serological testing for ST that is useful for rapid and inexpensive diagnosis, leading to timely treatment.
Abstract—To strengthen the surveillance system in India, Integrated Disease Surveillance Program (IDSP) was launched in 2004. The frequent occurrence of epidemics even after the launching of the IDSP was an indication toward inadequacy of the system. The aim of the this study was to find out the IDSP disease pattern and load on a tertiary hospital. It was cross-sectional study carried out in hospitals attached to SMS medical College, Jaipur (Rajasthan) India. Weekly report of IDSP in 'P' Form was collected from SMS Medical College, Hospitals. Data related to IDSP diseases were gathered from these reports. These reports were analysed in percentage and proportion. It was observed in this study that among IDSP diseases most common was fever of unknown origin accounting total 93 (23.97%) cases followed by Acute Diarrheal including Ac. Gastroenteritis, Acute Respiratory Infection (ARI) Influenza like illness (ILI), Pneumonia, Malaria, Viral hepatitis etc. Distribution of various IDSP diseases were with significant variation in pediatric and adult population. Among pediatric population ADD was most common whereas in adult population ARIs were most common. Even after launching of more than a decade, a sizable burden of IDSP diseases is there at tertiary level hospital, who could be treated at peripheral health institutes like Sub centre and Primary health centre. So there is a strong need for IDSP disease and its toll free no awareness.
Comparative Analysis of the Impact of Climate Change on Male and Female Menta...ijtsrd
The paper examined the impact of temperature and relative humidity escalation on mental health of in patient and out patient admitted into Neuropsychiatric Hospital Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria. The main independent variables of interest are temperature and relative humidity covering a period of eight years 2010 2017. The effective strength of temperature made the numbers of male female populations more vulnerable to the risk of psychiatric cases than the effective strength of relative humidity. Jaiyeola O. Paul | Abdullahi Ayegba | Esu S. Ulaetor ""Comparative Analysis of the Impact of Climate Change on Male and Female Mental Health"" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-2 , February 2020,
URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd30154.pdf
Paper Url : https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/other/30154/comparative-analysis-of-the-impact-of-climate-change-on-male-and-female-mental-health/jaiyeola-o-paul
A Review on Psychological Impact of Coronavirus Disease 2019ijtsrd
Introduction The rise of Covid 19 had acquired a noteworthy change the normal life of the common people. Largely individuals were limited within their home in a state of quarantine. The situation where people limited to stay in idle stage added with fear of Covid 19 induced major psychological effects in the population.Evidence Acquisition This paper intends to review the psychological impact of COVID 19 and its relationship with uneasiness, anxiety and depression were examined. For this paper more than 10different studies have been reviewed using electronic data base, i.e., Google Scholar, PubMed, Medline, Elsevier, and Science Direct. Result Detailed review of studies pointed Covid 19 and other outbreak impacted the psychological health of population adversely. The psychological effects of anxiety, depression insomnia are found in diverse class of population along with mortalities of Covid 19.Conclusion Along with major morbidity and mortalities of the Covid 19 and other epidemic outbreak situations, psychological issues also need to be addressed with major concern through any proper psychological healing procedures including various traditional medicinal systems. Aamir Mohsin | Rakhi Ahuja | Sreekiran CV "A Review on Psychological Impact of Coronavirus Disease 2019" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-4 , June 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd31141.pdf Paper Url :https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/31141/a-review-on-psychological-impact-of-coronavirus-disease-2019/aamir-mohsin
PREVAILENCE OF MIGRIANE IN A LOW INCOME COMMUNITY OF KARACHIJing Zang
Migraine is the most common problem affecting large population, with prevalence frequency 10-12 %. This study was conducted to evaluate the prevalence of migraine in a low income community in Karachi from June-Oct, 2013. Three hundred and seven participants were involved in this study. For this purpose cross-sectional community based questionnaire was designed in accordance with the diagnostic criteria given by International Headache Society. Data collection was carried out by personal visit to patients and through clinics. It was observed that females (65.5%) are more affected from migraine then male. 32.9% housewives reported that they are suffering from migraine. This medical problem is common among youngsters (38.1%) than old citizens. Employees working in different organizations (39.7%), were found to be mostly affected from migraine then self employed persons. Majority of the migraine patients (41%) reported that they are suffering from common symptoms including: photophobia, phonophobia, nausea, vomiting etc. Dietary habits of individuals were found to be closely associated with migraine such as use of caffeine, chocolate are prominent; and their use is common among 75% patients cumulatively. It was evaluated that certain disease conditions i.e. stress (33.6%), depression (22.1%) and anxiety (18.9%) are more common among sufferers of migraine.
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In scenario two, a six-year-old is taken by his parents to the doctor due to an ongoing cough that has lasted over one week. The parents state the cough sounds deep, almost like he is barking. The patient has also been coughing so hard that at times it makes him vomit. The cough does seem to be producing excess mucus at times. The patient has also been running a low-grade fever for several days. The parents also state they are not sure if the boy's immunizations are up-to-date.
This patient appears to be suffering from whooping cough (pertussis). Pertussis is an infection that is caused by gram-negative bacteria called Bordetella. The bacteria attach themselves to the cilia in the respiratory tract. Since pertussis is a toxin-mediated disease it then releases toxins which paralyze the cilia, producing the cough. Pertussis can produce “multiple antigenic and biologically active products including Pertussis toxin, Filamentous hemagglutinin (FHA), Agglutinogens, Adenylate cyclase, Pertactin, and Tracheal cytotoxin” (CDC, 2019). If pertussis is not treated it can cause serious complications or even death, especially in babies or young children. Pertussis is also very contagious, especially to those who have not had their vaccinations. A patient can still have pertussis even if they have been vaccinated. Those who have been vaccinated tend to have milder symptoms and a shorter duration of the condition.
Symptoms of pertussis usually start around seven to ten days after someone has been exposed. Symptoms can occur in three stages. Stage one can last for a few weeks. It typically includes a runny nose, mild fever, and a mild cough. Stage one can look like a common cold. Stage two can last one to two months and the cough becomes much worse. “There are coughing fits that can be followed by a high- pitched whoop” (Department of Health, 2019). The whooping sound that is heard is the patient trying to catch their breath during the coughing spell. During this phase is when the person can cough so much and so hard that it makes them vomit. In some cases, the person may stop breathing while coughing. Stage three is the recovery phase. This phase can last from a few weeks to several months. This is a slow process and the person infected can actually get sick again if they contract another respiratory infection.
The two factors I chose are behaviors and age. Behaviors play a part when it comes to vaccinations. If parents do not vaccinate their children against pertussis it makes them more susceptible to the disease. It can also make it much worse and last much longer without a vaccination. Since pertussis is very contagious, it is important to keep children’s vaccinations up-to-date. Age can also play a big part in how pertussis affects someone. Anyone can contract pertussis, but it is more prevalent in children. “Symptoms are usually mild in adolescents and adults but in .
Ayurvedic Management of Dengue Fever in Children A Single Case Studyijtsrd
Dengue is considered globally as the most concerning mosquito borne arboviral disease in terms of morbidity and mortality that places a significant socioeconomic and disease burden on many tropical and subtropical regions of the world. Till date, there is no specific treatment which is accepted for dengue fever in Modern Medicine. In pediatric age group it is one of most common threats. In Ayurveda, dengue fever can be correlated with Visham Jwara. Various formulations have been mentioned in Jwara Prakaran and also tried, scientifically validated and documented by modern researchers, showing evidence of efficacy. A case study is been coducted on dengue fever in children and successfully managed with ayurvedic medications. Patient showed marked improvement through symptomatically as well as in hematological profile. Dr. Nishant Gawande | Dr. Shilpa Madan | Dr. Kishor Pacharne | Dr. Saguna Thakre | Dr. Mosin Shaikh "Ayurvedic Management of Dengue Fever in Children: A Single Case Study" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-6 | Issue-4 , June 2022, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd50386.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/ayurvedic/50386/ayurvedic-management-of-dengue-fever-in-children-a-single-case-study/dr-nishant-gawande
Background:Epilepsy is a medical condition with serious social ramification. People living with epilepsy experience lowered quality of live and altered self-esteem as a result of stigma attached to their condition. This stigma may be attributed to knowledge deficit and different social meaning on epilepsy among populations.This study sort to assess knowledge and social construction of epilepsy and its treatment modalities among households in Vihiga County of Kenya.Method:A survey study was carried between January-June 2016. The study sort to understand knowledge on causes and treatment modalities of epilepsy among people living in Vihiga County. A sample of 121participants was randomly selected from 121 households that were selected through stratified proportionate sampling techniques Results:Thirty five (35%) defined epilepsy by describing what happens during an epileptic fit. 30% defined epilepsy by giving signs and symptoms of the condition, 24% explained epilepsy by explaining cause of the condition while 10% explained using perception:Causes; Respondents gave varied responses on causes for epilepsy, they included, curse, breaking a taboo, heredity, acute illness such as Malaria and complications from physical injury to the brain: Treatment; 50.8% said epilepsy can be treated using anti-epileptic medicine. 11.5% said herbal medication could heal epilepsy, 6% said eating cooked dog meat could heal epilepsy, 20% said rituals and animal sacrifices could heal epilepsy while 1% said epilepsy can be resolved by killing the person who is suffering epilepsy.Conclusion:Though signs and symptoms of epilepsy are well known,there is knowledge deficit on causes and treatment of epilepsy.
Abstract—Epidemiological study of Rivers State University of Science and Technology Port Harcourt, Nigeria was carried out to identify the morbidity pattern in the University community in order to establish the current health status and trends. This study utilized secondary morbidity data sourced from Health Services Department. Data on staff mortality were obtained from the Personnel/Establishment Division. Methods employed for data collection were health records survey and data collection sheets. Morbidity information required were date, sex, age, department, card number and diagnosis of each case. Information required for each mortality case was date, sex, age, department, salary level and the cause of death. Of all cases of morbidity, communicable diseases comprised 17.5%; non-communicable diseases 24.1%, generalized disease symptoms 55.2% and others 3.2%. The study revealed that the leading causes of morbidity in the University were fever/headache/cold (36.9%), hypertension (13.6%), generalized body pain (7.5%), abdominal pain/vomiting (6.7%) and diabetes (4.9%). Hypertension emerged the second major cause of morbidity among the staff and males had higher rate of morbidity compared to females. It was also concluded that although mortality was increasing with time but there was no sex wise significant difference in mortality trend. It was recommended among others that Diabetes Mellitus and Hypertension being silent killers should be monitored regularly within the University community. Also the current practice of manual data entry should be replaced with computerized data system for better health records management.
Similar to 135 impact of climate change on epilepsy patients with age stratifications (20)
‘Six Sigma Technique’ A Journey Through its Implementationijtsrd
The manufacturing industries all over the world are facing tough challenges for growth, development and sustainability in today’s competitive environment. They have to achieve apex position by adapting with the global competitive environment by delivering goods and services at low cost, prime quality and better price to increase wealth and consumer satisfaction. Cost Management ensures profit, growth and sustainability of the business with implementation of Continuous Improvement Technique like Six Sigma. This leads to optimize Business performance. The method drives for customer satisfaction, low variation, reduction in waste and cycle time resulting into a competitive advantage over other industries which did not implement it. The main objective of this paper ‘Six Sigma Technique A Journey Through Its Implementation’ is to conceptualize the effectiveness of Six Sigma Technique through the journey of its implementation. Aditi Sunilkumar Ghosalkar "‘Six Sigma Technique’: A Journey Through its Implementation" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64546.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/64546/‘six-sigma-technique’-a-journey-through-its-implementation/aditi-sunilkumar-ghosalkar
Edge Computing in Space Enhancing Data Processing and Communication for Space...ijtsrd
Edge computing, a paradigm that involves processing data closer to its source, has gained significant attention for its potential to revolutionize data processing and communication in space missions. With the increasing complexity and data volume generated by modern space missions, traditional centralized computing approaches face challenges related to latency, bandwidth, and security. Edge computing in space, involving on board processing and analysis of data, offers promising solutions to these challenges. This paper explores the concept of edge computing in space, its benefits, applications, and future prospects in enhancing space missions. Manish Verma "Edge Computing in Space: Enhancing Data Processing and Communication for Space Missions" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64541.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/computer-science/artificial-intelligence/64541/edge-computing-in-space-enhancing-data-processing-and-communication-for-space-missions/manish-verma
Dynamics of Communal Politics in 21st Century India Challenges and Prospectsijtsrd
Communal politics in India has evolved through centuries, weaving a complex tapestry shaped by historical legacies, colonial influences, and contemporary socio political transformations. This research comprehensively examines the dynamics of communal politics in 21st century India, emphasizing its historical roots, socio political dynamics, economic implications, challenges, and prospects for mitigation. The historical perspective unravels the intricate interplay of religious identities and power dynamics from ancient civilizations to the impact of colonial rule, providing insights into the evolution of communalism. The socio political dynamics section delves into the contemporary manifestations, exploring the roles of identity politics, socio economic disparities, and globalization. The economic implications section highlights how communal politics intersects with economic issues, perpetuating disparities and influencing resource allocation. Challenges posed by communal politics are scrutinized, revealing multifaceted issues ranging from social fragmentation to threats against democratic values. The prospects for mitigation present a multifaceted approach, incorporating policy interventions, community engagement, and educational initiatives. The paper conducts a comparative analysis with international examples, identifying common patterns such as identity politics and economic disparities. It also examines unique challenges, emphasizing Indias diverse religious landscape, historical legacy, and secular framework. Lessons for effective strategies are drawn from international experiences, offering insights into inclusive policies, interfaith dialogue, media regulation, and global cooperation. By scrutinizing historical epochs, contemporary dynamics, economic implications, and international comparisons, this research provides a comprehensive understanding of communal politics in India. The proposed strategies for mitigation underscore the importance of a holistic approach to foster social harmony, inclusivity, and democratic values. Rose Hossain "Dynamics of Communal Politics in 21st Century India: Challenges and Prospects" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64528.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/history/64528/dynamics-of-communal-politics-in-21st-century-india-challenges-and-prospects/rose-hossain
Assess Perspective and Knowledge of Healthcare Providers Towards Elehealth in...ijtsrd
Background and Objective Telehealth has become a well known tool for the delivery of health care in Saudi Arabia, and the perspective and knowledge of healthcare providers are influential in the implementation, adoption and advancement of the method. This systematic review was conducted to examine the current literature base regarding telehealth and the related healthcare professional perspective and knowledge in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Materials and Methods This systematic review was conducted by searching 7 databases including, MEDLINE, CINHAL, Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, PsycINFO, and ProQuest Central. Studies on healthcare practitioners telehealth knowledge and perspectives published in English in Saudi Arabia from 2000 to 2023 were included. Boland directed this comprehensive review. The researchers examined each connected study using the AXIS tool, which evaluates cross sectional systematic reviews. Narrative synthesis was used to summarise and convey the data. Results Out of 1840 search results, 10 studies were included. Positive outlook and limited knowledge among providers were seen across trials. Healthcare professionals like telehealth for its ability to improve quality, access, and delivery, save time and money, and be successful. Age, gender, occupation, and work experience also affect health workers knowledge. In Saudi Arabia, healthcare professionals face inadequate expert assistance, patient privacy, internet connection concerns, lack of training courses, lack of telehealth understanding, and high costs while performing telemedicine. Conclusions Healthcare practitioners telehealth perceptions and knowledge were examined in this systematic study. Its collection of concerned experts different personal attitudes and expertise would help enhance telehealths implementation in Saudi Arabia, develop its healthcare delivery alternative, and eliminate frequent problems. Badriah Mousa I Mulayhi | Dr. Jomin George | Judy Jenkins "Assess Perspective and Knowledge of Healthcare Providers Towards Elehealth in Saudi Arabia: A Systematic Review" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64535.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/other/64535/assess-perspective-and-knowledge-of-healthcare-providers-towards-elehealth-in-saudi-arabia-a-systematic-review/badriah-mousa-i-mulayhi
The Impact of Digital Media on the Decentralization of Power and the Erosion ...ijtsrd
The impact of digital media on the distribution of power and the weakening of traditional gatekeepers has gained considerable attention in recent years. The adoption of digital technologies and the internet has resulted in declining influence and power for traditional gatekeepers such as publishing houses and news organizations. Simultaneously, digital media has facilitated the emergence of new voices and players in the media industry. Digital medias impact on power decentralization and gatekeeper erosion is visible in several ways. One significant aspect is the democratization of information, which enables anyone with an internet connection to publish and share content globally, leading to citizen journalism and bypassing traditional gatekeepers. Another aspect is the disruption of conventional media industry business models, as traditional organizations struggle to adjust to the decrease in advertising revenue and the rise of digital platforms. Alternative business models, such as subscription models and crowdfunding, have become more prevalent, leading to the emergence of new players. Overall, the impact of digital media on the distribution of power and the weakening of traditional gatekeepers has brought about significant changes in the media landscape and the way information is shared. Further research is required to fully comprehend the implications of these changes and their impact on society. Dr. Kusum Lata "The Impact of Digital Media on the Decentralization of Power and the Erosion of Traditional Gatekeepers" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64544.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/political-science/64544/the-impact-of-digital-media-on-the-decentralization-of-power-and-the-erosion-of-traditional-gatekeepers/dr-kusum-lata
Online Voices, Offline Impact Ambedkars Ideals and Socio Political Inclusion ...ijtsrd
This research investigates the nexus between online discussions on Dr. B.R. Ambedkars ideals and their impact on social inclusion among college students in Gurugram, Haryana. Surveying 240 students from 12 government colleges, findings indicate that 65 actively engage in online discussions, with 80 demonstrating moderate to high awareness of Ambedkars ideals. Statistically significant correlations reveal that higher online engagement correlates with increased awareness p 0.05 and perceived social inclusion. Variations across colleges and a notable effect of college type on perceived social inclusion highlight the influence of contextual factors. Furthermore, the intersectional analysis underscores nuanced differences based on gender, caste, and socio economic status. Dr. Kusum Lata "Online Voices, Offline Impact: Ambedkar's Ideals and Socio-Political Inclusion - A Study of Gurugram District" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64543.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/political-science/64543/online-voices-offline-impact-ambedkars-ideals-and-sociopolitical-inclusion--a-study-of-gurugram-district/dr-kusum-lata
Problems and Challenges of Agro Entreprenurship A Studyijtsrd
Noting calls for contextualizing Agro entrepreneurs problems and challenges of the agro entrepreneurs and for greater attention to the Role of entrepreneurs in agro entrepreneurship research, we conduct a systematic literature review of extent research in agriculture entrepreneurship to overcome the study objectives of complications of agro entrepreneurs through various factors, Development of agriculture products is a key factor for the overall economic growth of agro entrepreneurs Agro Entrepreneurs produces firsthand large scale employment, utilizes the labor and natural resources, This research outlines the problems of Weather and Soil Erosions, Market price fluctuation, stimulates labor cost problems, reduces concentration of Price volatility, Dependency on Intermediaries, induces Limited Bargaining Power, and Storage and Transportation Costs. This paper mainly devoted to highlight Problems and challenges faced for the sustainable of Agro Entrepreneurs in India. Vinay Prasad B "Problems and Challenges of Agro Entreprenurship - A Study" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64540.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/64540/problems-and-challenges-of-agro-entreprenurship--a-study/vinay-prasad-b
Comparative Analysis of Total Corporate Disclosure of Selected IT Companies o...ijtsrd
Disclosure is a process through which a business enterprise communicates with external parties. A corporate disclosure is communication of financial and non financial information of the activities of a business enterprise to the interested entities. Corporate disclosure is done through publishing annual reports. So corporate disclosure through annual reports plays a vital role in the life of all the companies and provides valuable information to investors. The basic objectives of corporate disclosure is to give a true and fair view of companies to the parties related either directly or indirectly like owner, government, creditors, shareholders etc. in the companies act, provisions have been made about mandatory and voluntary disclosure. The IT sector in India is rapidly growing, the trend to invest in the IT sector is rising and employment opportunities in IT sectors are also increasing. Therefore the IT sector is expected to have fair, full and adequate disclosure of all information. Unfair and incomplete disclosure may adversely affect the entire economy. A research study on disclosure practices of IT companies could play an important role in this regard. Hence, the present research study has been done to study and review comparative analysis of total corporate disclosure of selected IT companies of India and to put forward overall findings and suggestions with a view to increase disclosure score of these companies. The researcher hopes that the present research study will be helpful to all selected Companies for improving level of corporate disclosure through annual reports as well as the government, creditors, investors, all business organizations and upcoming researcher for comparative analyses of level of corporate disclosure with special reference to selected IT companies. Dr. Vaibhavi D. Thaker "Comparative Analysis of Total Corporate Disclosure of Selected IT Companies of India" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64539.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/64539/comparative-analysis-of-total-corporate-disclosure-of-selected-it-companies-of-india/dr-vaibhavi-d-thaker
The Impact of Educational Background and Professional Training on Human Right...ijtsrd
This study investigated the impact of educational background and professional training on human rights awareness among secondary school teachers in the Marathwada region of Maharashtra, India. The key findings reveal that higher levels of education, particularly a master’s degree, and fields of study related to education, humanities, or social sciences are associated with greater human rights awareness among teachers. Additionally, both pre service teacher training and in service professional development programs focused on human rights education significantly enhance teacher’s knowledge, skills, and competencies in promoting human rights principles in their classrooms. Baig Ameer Bee Mirza Abdul Aziz | Dr. Syed Azaz Ali Amjad Ali "The Impact of Educational Background and Professional Training on Human Rights Awareness among Secondary School Teachers" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64529.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/64529/the-impact-of-educational-background-and-professional-training-on-human-rights-awareness-among-secondary-school-teachers/baig-ameer-bee-mirza-abdul-aziz
A Study on the Effective Teaching Learning Process in English Curriculum at t...ijtsrd
“One Language sets you in a corridor for life. Two languages open every door along the way” Frank Smith English as a foreign language or as a second language has been ruling in India since the period of Lord Macaulay. But the question is how much we teach or learn English properly in our culture. Is there any scope to use English as a language rather than a subject How much we learn or teach English without any interference of mother language specially in the classroom teaching learning scenario in West Bengal By considering all these issues the researcher has attempted in this article to focus on the effective teaching learning process comparing to other traditional strategies in the field of English curriculum at the secondary level to investigate whether they fulfill the present teaching learning requirements or not by examining the validity of the present curriculum of English. The purpose of this study is to focus on the effectiveness of the systematic, scientific, sequential and logical transaction of the course between the teachers and the learners in the perspective of the 5Es programme that is engage, explore, explain, extend and evaluate. Sanchali Mondal | Santinath Sarkar "A Study on the Effective Teaching Learning Process in English Curriculum at the Secondary Level of West Bengal" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd62412.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/62412/a-study-on-the-effective-teaching-learning-process-in-english-curriculum-at-the-secondary-level-of-west-bengal/sanchali-mondal
The Role of Mentoring and Its Influence on the Effectiveness of the Teaching ...ijtsrd
This paper reports on a study which was conducted to investigate the role of mentoring and its influence on the effectiveness of the teaching of Physics in secondary schools in the South West Region of Cameroon. The study adopted the convergent parallel mixed methods design, focusing on respondents in secondary schools in the South West Region of Cameroon. Both quantitative and qualitative data were collected, analysed separately, and the results were compared to see if the findings confirm or disconfirm each other. The quantitative analysis found that majority of the respondents 72 of Physics teachers affirmed that they had more experienced colleagues as mentors to help build their confidence, improve their teaching, and help them improve their effectiveness and efficiency in guiding learners’ achievements. Only 28 of the respondents disagreed with these statements. With majority respondents 72 agreeing with the statements, it implies that in most secondary schools, experienced Physics teachers act as mentors to build teachers’ confidence in teaching and improving students’ learning. The interview qualitative data analysis summarized how secondary school Principals use meetings with mentors and mentees to promote mentorship in the school milieu. This has helped strengthen teachers’ classroom practices in secondary schools in the South West Region of Cameroon. With the results confirming each other, the study recommends that mentoring should focus on helping teachers employ social interactions and instructional practices feedback and clarity in teaching that have direct measurable impact on students’ learning achievements. Andrew Ngeim Sumba | Frederick Ebot Ashu | Peter Agborbechem Tambi "The Role of Mentoring and Its Influence on the Effectiveness of the Teaching of Physics in Secondary Schools in the South West Region of Cameroon" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64524.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/management-development/64524/the-role-of-mentoring-and-its-influence-on-the-effectiveness-of-the-teaching-of-physics-in-secondary-schools-in-the-south-west-region-of-cameroon/andrew-ngeim-sumba
Design Simulation and Hardware Construction of an Arduino Microcontroller Bas...ijtsrd
This study primarily focuses on the design of a high side buck converter using an Arduino microcontroller. The converter is specifically intended for use in DC DC applications, particularly in standalone solar PV systems where the PV output voltage exceeds the load or battery voltage. To evaluate the performance of the converter, simulation experiments are conducted using Proteus Software. These simulations provide insights into the input and output voltages, currents, powers, and efficiency under different state of charge SoC conditions of a 12V,70Ah rechargeable lead acid battery. Additionally, the hardware design of the converter is implemented, and practical data is collected through operation, monitoring, and recording. By comparing the simulation results with the practical results, the efficiency and performance of the designed converter are assessed. The findings indicate that while the buck converter is suitable for practical use in standalone PV systems, its efficiency is compromised due to a lower output current. Chan Myae Aung | Dr. Ei Mon "Design Simulation and Hardware Construction of an Arduino-Microcontroller Based DC-DC High-Side Buck Converter for Standalone PV System" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64518.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/mechanical-engineering/64518/design-simulation-and-hardware-construction-of-an-arduinomicrocontroller-based-dcdc-highside-buck-converter-for-standalone-pv-system/chan-myae-aung
Sustainable Energy by Paul A. Adekunte | Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Janet O. Sadikuijtsrd
Energy becomes sustainable if it meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. Some of the definitions of sustainable energy include the considerations of environmental aspects such as greenhouse gas emissions, social, and economic aspects such as energy poverty. Generally far more sustainable than fossil fuel are renewable energy sources such as wind, hydroelectric power, solar, and geothermal energy sources. Worthy of note is that some renewable energy projects, like the clearing of forests to produce biofuels, can cause severe environmental damage. The sustainability of nuclear power which is a low carbon source is highly debated because of concerns about radioactive waste, nuclear proliferation, and accidents. The switching from coal to natural gas has environmental benefits, including a lower climate impact, but could lead to delay in switching to more sustainable options. “Carbon capture and storage” can be built into power plants to remove the carbon dioxide CO2 emissions, but this technology is expensive and has rarely been implemented. Leading non renewable energy sources around the world is fossil fuels, coal, petroleum, and natural gas. Nuclear energy is usually considered another non renewable energy source, although nuclear energy itself is a renewable energy source, but the material used in nuclear power plants is not. The paper addresses the issue of sustainable energy, its attendant benefits to the future generation, and humanity in general. Paul A. Adekunte | Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Janet O. Sadiku "Sustainable Energy" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64534.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electrical-engineering/64534/sustainable-energy/paul-a-adekunte
Concepts for Sudan Survey Act Implementations Executive Regulations and Stand...ijtsrd
This paper aims to outline the executive regulations, survey standards, and specifications required for the implementation of the Sudan Survey Act, and for regulating and organizing all surveying work activities in Sudan. The act has been discussed for more than 5 years. The Land Survey Act was initiated by the Sudan Survey Authority and all official legislations were headed by the Sudan Ministry of Justice till it was issued in 2022. The paper presents conceptual guidelines to be used for the Survey Act implementation and to regulate the survey work practice, standardizing the field surveys, processing, quality control, procedures, and the processes related to survey work carried out by the stakeholders and relevant authorities in Sudan. The conceptual guidelines are meant to improve the quality and harmonization of geospatial data and to aid decision making processes as well as geospatial information systems. The established comprehensive executive regulations will govern and regulate the implementation of the Sudan Survey Geomatics Act in all surveying and mapping practices undertaken by the Sudan Survey Authority SSA and state local survey departments for public or private sector organizations. The targeted standards and specifications include the reference frame, projection, coordinate systems, and the guidelines and specifications that must be followed in the field of survey work, processes, and mapping products. In the last few decades, there has been a growing awareness of the importance of geomatics activities and measurements on the Earths surface in space and time, together with observing and mapping the changes. In such cases, data must be captured promptly, standardized, and obtained with more accuracy and specified in much detail. The paper will also highlight the current situation in Sudan, the degree to which survey standards are used, the problems encountered, and the errors that arise from not using the standards and survey specifications. Kamal A. A. Sami "Concepts for Sudan Survey Act Implementations - Executive Regulations and Standards" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63484.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/63484/concepts-for-sudan-survey-act-implementations--executive-regulations-and-standards/kamal-a-a-sami
Towards the Implementation of the Sudan Interpolated Geoid Model Khartoum Sta...ijtsrd
The discussions between ellipsoid and geoid have invoked many researchers during the recent decades, especially during the GNSS technology era, which had witnessed a great deal of development but still geoid undulation requires more investigations. To figure out a solution for Sudans local geoid, this research has tried to intake the possibility of determining the geoid model by following two approaches, gravimetric and geometrical geoid model determination, by making use of GNSS leveling benchmarks at Khartoum state. The Benchmarks are well distributed in the study area, in which, the horizontal coordinates and the height above the ellipsoid have been observed by GNSS while orthometric heights were carried out using precise leveling. The Global Geopotential Model GGM represented in EGM2008 has been exploited to figure out the geoid undulation at the benchmarks in the study area. This is followed by a fitting process, that has been done to suit the geoid undulation data which has been computed using GNSS leveling data and geoid undulation inspired by the EGM2008. Two geoid surfaces were created after the fitting process to ensure that they are identical and both of them could be counted for getting the same geoid undulation with an acceptable accuracy. In this respect, statistical operation played an important role in ensuring the consistency and integrity of the model by applying cross validation techniques splitting the data into training and testing datasets for building the geoid model and testing its eligibility. The geometrical solution for geoid undulation computation has been utilized by applying straightforward equations that facilitate the calculation of the geoid undulation directly through applying statistical techniques for the GNSS leveling data of the study area to get the common equation parameters values that could be utilized to calculate geoid undulation of any position in the study area within the claimed accuracy. Both systems were checked and proved eligible to be used within the study area with acceptable accuracy which may contribute to solving the geoid undulation problem in the Khartoum area, and be further generalized to determine the geoid model over the entire country, and this could be considered in the future, for regional and continental geoid model. Ahmed M. A. Mohammed. | Kamal A. A. Sami "Towards the Implementation of the Sudan Interpolated Geoid Model (Khartoum State Case Study)" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63483.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/63483/towards-the-implementation-of-the-sudan-interpolated-geoid-model-khartoum-state-case-study/ahmed-m-a-mohammed
Activating Geospatial Information for Sudans Sustainable Investment Mapijtsrd
Sudan is witnessing an acceleration in the processes of development and transformation in the performance of government institutions to raise the productivity and investment efficiency of the government sector. The development plans and investment opportunities have focused on achieving national goals in various sectors. This paper aims to illuminate the path to the future and provide geospatial data and information to develop the investment climate and environment for all sized businesses, and to bridge the development gap between the Sudan states. The Sudan Survey Authority SSA is the main advisor to the Sudan Government in conducting surveying, mappings, designing, and developing systems related to geospatial data and information. In recent years, SSA made a strategic partnership with the Ministry of Investment to activate Geospatial Information for Sudans Sustainable Investment and in particular, for the preparation and implementation of the Sudan investment map, based on the directives and objectives of the Ministry of Investment MI in Sudan. This paper comes within the framework of activating the efforts of the Ministry of Investment to develop technical investment services by applying techniques adopted by the Ministry and its strategic partners for advancing investment processes in the country. Kamal A. A. Sami "Activating Geospatial Information for Sudan's Sustainable Investment Map" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63482.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/information-technology/63482/activating-geospatial-information-for-sudans-sustainable-investment-map/kamal-a-a-sami
Educational Unity Embracing Diversity for a Stronger Societyijtsrd
In a rapidly changing global landscape, the importance of education as a unifying force cannot be overstated. This paper explores the crucial role of educational unity in fostering a stronger and more inclusive society through the embrace of diversity. By examining the benefits of diverse learning environments, the paper aims to highlight the positive impact on societal strength. The discussion encompasses various dimensions, from curriculum design to classroom dynamics, and emphasizes the need for educational institutions to become catalysts for unity in diversity. It highlights the need for a paradigm shift in educational policies, curricula, and pedagogical approaches to ensure that they are reflective of the diverse fabric of society. This paper also addresses the challenges associated with implementing inclusive educational practices and offers practical strategies for overcoming barriers. It advocates for collaborative efforts between educational institutions, policymakers, and communities to create a supportive ecosystem that promotes diversity and unity. Mr. Amit Adhikari | Madhumita Teli | Gopal Adhikari "Educational Unity: Embracing Diversity for a Stronger Society" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64525.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/64525/educational-unity-embracing-diversity-for-a-stronger-society/mr-amit-adhikari
Integration of Indian Indigenous Knowledge System in Management Prospects and...ijtsrd
The diversity of indigenous knowledge systems in India is vast and can vary significantly between different communities and regions. Preserving and respecting these knowledge systems is crucial for maintaining cultural heritage, promoting sustainable practices, and fostering cross cultural understanding. In this paper, an overview of the prospects and challenges associated with incorporating Indian indigenous knowledge into management is explored. It is found that IIKS helps in management in many areas like sustainable development, tourism, food security, natural resource management, cultural preservation and innovation, etc. However, IIKS integration with management faces some challenges in the form of a lack of documentation, cultural sensitivity, language barriers legal framework, etc. Savita Lathwal "Integration of Indian Indigenous Knowledge System in Management: Prospects and Challenges" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63500.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/accounting-and-finance/63500/integration-of-indian-indigenous-knowledge-system-in-management-prospects-and-challenges/savita-lathwal
DeepMask Transforming Face Mask Identification for Better Pandemic Control in...ijtsrd
The COVID 19 pandemic has highlighted the crucial need of preventive measures, with widespread use of face masks being a key method for slowing the viruss spread. This research investigates face mask identification using deep learning as a technological solution to be reducing the risk of coronavirus transmission. The proposed method uses state of the art convolutional neural networks CNNs and transfer learning to automatically recognize persons who are not wearing masks in a variety of circumstances. We discuss how this strategy improves public health and safety by providing an efficient manner of enforcing mask wearing standards. The report also discusses the obstacles, ethical concerns, and prospective applications of face mask detection systems in the ongoing fight against the pandemic. Dilip Kumar Sharma | Aaditya Yadav "DeepMask: Transforming Face Mask Identification for Better Pandemic Control in the COVID-19 Era" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64522.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electronics-and-communication-engineering/64522/deepmask-transforming-face-mask-identification-for-better-pandemic-control-in-the-covid19-era/dilip-kumar-sharma
Streamlining Data Collection eCRF Design and Machine Learningijtsrd
Efficient and accurate data collection is paramount in clinical trials, and the design of Electronic Case Report Forms eCRFs plays a pivotal role in streamlining this process. This paper explores the integration of machine learning techniques in the design and implementation of eCRFs to enhance data collection efficiency. We delve into the synergies between eCRF design principles and machine learning algorithms, aiming to optimize data quality, reduce errors, and expedite the overall data collection process. The application of machine learning in eCRF design brings forth innovative approaches to data validation, anomaly detection, and real time adaptability. This paper discusses the benefits, challenges, and future prospects of leveraging machine learning in eCRF design for streamlined and advanced data collection in clinical trials. Dhanalakshmi D | Vijaya Lakshmi Kannareddy "Streamlining Data Collection: eCRF Design and Machine Learning" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63515.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/biological-science/biotechnology/63515/streamlining-data-collection-ecrf-design-and-machine-learning/dhanalakshmi-d
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Embracing GenAI - A Strategic ImperativePeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
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Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptxRaedMohamed3
An EFL lesson about the current events in Palestine. It is intended to be for intermediate students who wish to increase their listening skills through a short lesson in power point.
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
Introduction to AI for Nonprofits with Tapp NetworkTechSoup
Dive into the world of AI! Experts Jon Hill and Tareq Monaur will guide you through AI's role in enhancing nonprofit websites and basic marketing strategies, making it easy to understand and apply.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
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Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
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are mostly likely to occur with high body temperature
(higher than102
ܨ) but also occur with milder fevers. The
sudden rise in temperature seems to be more important
than the degree of temperature. The seizure may occur
with the initial onset of fever before a child’s caregiver is
even aware the child is ill (Kelvin K). Development of
Epilepsy with fever can occur when the temperature is
high enough. Febrile seizure can be seen when a child has
a high fever, most commonly above 38.3
ܥሺ101
ܨሻ and
usually the first day of a rapid rise in body temperature.
Complex febrile seizure may be more threatening and can
occur at body temperatures lower than 38.3
ܥ and last
longer than 15 minutes (Epilepsy Onitario, 2018).
Margriet et al (1998) in their research concluded that half
of the recurrent seizures occur in the first 2 hours after
onset of fever a subsequent episode. If seizure reoccurs at
a later time, the temperature at seizure is higher
compared with recurrences occurring in the first 2 hours
of fever. Young age at fever onset, higher temperature at
fever onset, and high temperature during the episode of
fever are associated with an increased risk of a recurrent
febrile seizure. Furthermore, the risk of a recurrence of
febrile seizure, at a moment that a child with a history of
febrile seizure has fever again, decreases with age and
increases with temperature at fever onset and
temperature during fever.
The contribution of environment, namely the increase in
brain temperature (hyperthermia) to Epilepsy generation,
has become evident from the use of animals, where
hyperthermia leads to seizure in practically all rats or
mice. Elevating brain temperature in itself alters many
neuronal functions, including several temperature-
sensitive ion channels. This should influence neuronal
firing and probability of generating massive synchronized
neuronal activity, i.e. Epilepsy (seizure). Remarkably,
hyperthermia provoked by medication overdose or hot
baths often provoke Epilepsy in young children, indicating
that increase in brain temperature may suffice to generate
epilepsy. Fever also can cause increase in temperature, so
fever and hyperthermia share epilepsy’s common
mechanisms to provoke (Celine et al. 2009). Some studies
have not found positive correlation between epilepsy and
temperature. Florian et al (2017) in their research found
that High ambient temperatures of > 20
ܥ decrease
seizure risk by 46% in the overall study population in
subgroups, with the greatest effects observed in male
patients and they were surprised about their result
because their expectation was that seizure should increase
with increase in temperature. Referring to some studies
they wrote: We found that high temperature of > 20
ܥ
seem to be a protective factor for epilepsy seizures,
whereas low temperature did not affect seizure risk.
Ascertainment of this nonlinear relationship between
temperature and seizure risk explains why our first
analysis – which assumes linearity- did not produce
significant results. This finding that warmer temperatures
offer a protective factor for epilepsy seizures was a
somewhat unexpected finding, and the reason for this
remains unclear. Considering high frequency of febrile
seizure in children who are triggered by hyperthermia-
induced respiratory alkalosis and the successive increase
in neuronal activity, we anticipated that if temperature is
associated with epilepsy seizure risk the particularly
warm or hot weather would be a major risk factor. A
higher body temperature also increases hippocampal-
hippocampus (central role in the formation of memories)
neuronal activity involved in mesial temporal lobe
epilepsy.
2. Methodology
Data were drawn from two sources of secondary data: (i).
Neuropsychiatric Hospital Akure, Ondo State where the
monthly and yearly number of in- patients and out-
patients that visited the Hospital with epilepsy from the
year 2010 to 2017 were collected (ii). The meteorological
data on temperature and relative humidity on Ondo state
from 2010-2017 were retrieved from the Modern-Era
retrospective analysis for Research Application, Version 2
(MERRA-2) web site and used for the study. Mean value
instead of minimum and maximum value of temperature
and relative humidity were used. The ex-post facto
research design was adopted for the study and data
collected were analyzed with use of STATA; single
regression analysis. Total number of in-patients and out-
patients visiting the hospital with epilepsy cases for eight
years (2010-2017) was 2873 comprising a total number of
age 0-4 years patients to be 143 (4.98%), age 5-9 years
were 447 (15.56%), age 10-19 years were 963 (33.52%),
age 20-44 years were 983 (34.22%), age 45-64 years 273
(9.50%), age 65-69 years 36 (1.25%) and age 70+ years
were 28 (0.97%). Further stratified to Children aged 0-19
years were 1553 (54.05%), adults aged 20-64 were 1256
(43.72%), older adult aged 65-69 were 36 (1.25%) and
elderly aged 70+ years were 28 (0.97%). Internet facility
was employed for this research especially e-library to
retrieve text books, journals, research papers etc. for an
update information on the topic from other researchers
and related studies e.g. Google Alerts and Google Trends to
rack comprehensive search over a lengthy period.
3. Data Presentation and Data Analysis
3.1. Data Presentation
Table1: Stratifications: Epilepsy Age Distributions (2010-2017)
Age
0-4
Yrs.
Age
5-9
Yrs.
Age
10-19
Yrs.
Age
20-44
Yrs.
Age
45-64
Yrs.
Age
65-69
Yrs.
Age
70 And
Above
Total
Temperature
(T) ሺ℃ሻ
Relative
Humidity
(RH) ሺ%ሻ
Jan 19 33 59 66 15 2 3 197 24.5 76.75
Feb 18 27 59 53 20 0 0 177 25.88 82.87
Mar 14 22 90 77 13 0 0 216 26.25 86.3
Apr 8 36 100 77 6 0 0 227 26.13 88.13
May 9 32 85 76 46 1 0 249 25.71 89.8
June 16 46 112 126 21 0 0 321 24.96 90.02
July 3 33 72 59 11 2 0 180 24.32 89.36
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August 12 40 76 60 32 0 0 220 24.11 88.7
Sept 7 50 51 144 41 17 6 316 24.5 89.53
Oct 23 24 93 88 17 0 1 246 25.13 89.24
Nov 9 51 78 90 30 13 17 288 25.53 86.45
Dec 5 53 88 67 21 1 1 236 24.39 77.38
Total 143 447 963 983 273 36 28 2873
3.2. Data Analysis
3.2.1. Single (Linear) Regression Analysis
Table2: Epilepsy
STATA
Parameters
Age 0-4 Age 5-9 Age 10-19 Age 20-44 Age 45-64 Age 65-69 Age 70 +
T RH T RH T RH T RH T RH T RH T RH
Coefficient 1.618 -0.162 -6.494 -0.233 7.571 1.157 -2.655 2.501 -2.87 0.705 -1.27 0.17 0.116 -0.042
t 0.65 -0.4 -1.66 -0.31 1.07 1.01 -0.23 1.51 -0.58 0.9 -0.54 0.45 0.06 -0.21
P 0.532 0.7 0.131 0.76 0.312 0.338 0.82 0.162 0.577 0.592 0.599 0.604 0.956 0.903
R2
(Overlapping)
0.0402 0.0155 0.2131 0.0097 0.1019 0.1019 0.0054 0.1854 0.0321 0.0742 0.0286 0.0196 0.0003 0.0016
% of
Determination
4.02% 1.55% 21.31% 0.97% 10.19% 9.19% 0.54% 18.54% 3.21% 7.42% 2.86% 1.96% 0.03% 0.00%
Number of
Patients
143 143 447 447 963 963 983 983 273 273 36 36 28 28
Number of
Patients
Attributed to
the
Parameters
6 (-)2 (-)95 (-)4 98 88 (-)5 182 (-)9 20 (-)1 1 0 0
Age groups 0-4 and 10-19 years have 6 and 98 numbers of patients respectively traceable or attributed to increase in
temperature. The remaining five age groups cannot be traceable to increase in temperature because of negative
association between the number of epilepsy patients in those groups and increased in temperature.
The age groups 10-19, 20-44, 45-64 and 65-69 years have 88, 182, 20 and 1 numbers of patients with epilepsy mental ill-
health respectively traceable or attributed to increase in the relative humidity. But age 10-19 years has number of patients
98 and 88 respectively traceable to the increase in temperature and relative humidity while none of the number of
epilepsy patients for age 70+ were traceable to any of the two parameters.
4. Findings
The age distributions will be further brokendown into age groups comprising of children, adults, older adults and elderly
aged for purpose of discussions, because the contributions of both parameters can be computed under children, adults,
older adults and the elderly aged.
The children are grouped below age 19 ሺ ݎ ≤ 19 ሻݏݎܽ݁ݕ i.e. (0-4, 5-9, 10-19) years
Adults age were grouped within age 20-64 ( 02 ݎ ≥ ݔ ≤ 64ሻ i.e. (20-44, 45-64) years: the groups are among the
working class in Nigeria civil service especially in Universities and Research institutes.
Older adults were grouped within age 65-69 ሺ56 ݎ ≥ ݔ ≤ 69ሻ years, Retired age in the Nigeria civil services most
especially in the Universities and the research institutes
Elderly were grouped for age equal or greater 70 ሺ ݎ ≥ 70ሻ years: out of civil services but surface in the political
activities even from president downward.
Table3: Contribution and % Contribution from Temperature and Relative Humidity
Temperature Relative Humidity
Age Group
Temperature
Contribution
% Attributed to
Temperature
Relative Humidity
Contribution
% Attributed to
Relative Humidity
Age 0-4 6 6% 0 0%
Age 5-9 0 0% 0 0%
Age 10-19 98 94% 88 30%
Age 20-44 0 0% 182 63%
Age 45-64 0 0% 20 7%
Age 65-69 0 0% 1 0%
Age 70+ 0 0% 0 0%
Total 104 100% 291 100%
From table 3 above
The total number of epilepsy patients traceable to the increase in temperature extracted from all the age groups was
104 in number. Here we have contributions mainly as follows: 0-4 years 6(6%) and 10-19 years 98(94%), these are
mainly children i.e. 5-9 and 10-19 years and having children group to be (100% of 104). The children aged
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populations are more vulnerable to risk of epilepsy cases as temperature increases more than other groups, while
within the children’s ages, the age group 10-19 emerged to be more vulnerable.
The total number of epilepsy’s patients traceable to the increase in the relative humidity extracted from all the age
groups was 291 in number. Here we have contributions mainly as follows: 10-19 years 88(30%), 20-44 years
182(63%) and 45-64 years 20(7%) those age groups are within the children group and adults aged i.e. 0-19 years
being the children group were 30% and 20-64 years being the adults’ group were 70%. Children and adults aged are
more vulnerable at higher risks of epilepsy mental ill-health than other groups as relative humidity increases. Age
group 20-44 emerged to be more vulnerable with increase in relative humidity. But the older adults (65-69 yrs.) and
elderly aged (70+) are with no obvious epilepsy mental ill-health with increase in relative humidity.
In summary, the children populations are more vulnerable to risk of epilepsy cases as temperature increases more than other
groups, while within the children age, the group age 10-19 emerged to be more vulnerable as temperature increases while
Children and adult aged are more vulnerable at higher risks of epilepsy mental ill-health than other groups as relative
humidity increases. Age group 20-44 emerged to be more vulnerable with increase in relative humidity.
The Degree at which increase in Temperature and Relative Humidity Spreads Epilepsy Mental ill-Health among
Age Groups
Table4: Number of Patients Attributed to the Two Parameters and their % Contribution
Age Group
Total Number of
patients
(2010-2017
Temperature
% Attributed to
Temperature
Relative
Humidity
% Attributed to
Relative
Humidity
Total Contribution
from Two
Parameters
Age 0-4 143 6 4.20% 0 0.00% 6
Age 5-9 447 0 0.00% 0 0.00% 0
Age 10-19 963 98 10.18% 88 9.14% 186
Age 20-44 983 0 0.00% 182 18.51% 182
Age 45-64 273 0 0.00% 20 7.33% 20
Age 65-69 36 0 0.00% 1 2.78% 1
Age 70+ 28 0 0.00% 0 0.00% 0
Total 2873 104 3.62% 291 10.13% 395
From table 4 above
Increase in temperature made population of the age 0-
4 years to be vulnerable to the risk of epilepsy mental
ill-health than increase in the relative humidity i.e. Out
of 143 number of age 0-4 years patients visited the
hospital in year 2010-2017, 4.20% of the 143 number
of patients diagnosed were traceable/attributed to
increases in temperature while none traceable to
relative humidity.
Out of 447 number of age 5-9 years patients visited
the hospital in year 2010-2017, none were traceable
to increase in temperature and relative humidity.
Increase in temperature made population of the age
10-19 years to be vulnerable to the risk of epilepsy
mental ill-health than increase in the relative humidity
i.e. Out of 963 number of age 10-19 years patients
visited the hospital in year 2010-2017, 10.18% of the
963 number of patients diagnosed were
traceable/attributed to increases in temperature
while 9.14% were traceable/attributed to relative
humidity.
Increase in the relative humidity made population of
the age 20-44 years to be vulnerable to the risk of
epilepsy mental ill-health than increase in the
temperature, the same applicable to age 45-64 years
and 65-69 years i.e.
• Out of 983 number of age 20-44 years patients
visited the hospital in year 2010-2017, 18.51% of
the 983 number of patients diagnosed were
traceable/attributed to increases in relative
humidity while none were traceable/attributed to
temperature.
• Out of 273 number of age 45-64 years patients
visited the hospital in year 2010-2017, 7.33% of
the 273 number of patients diagnosed were
traceable/attributed to increases in relative
humidity while none were traceable/attributed to
temperature
6%
0%
94%
0%
0%
0%
0%
% Attributed to Increase in
Temperature
0-4
5-9 yrs
10-19 yrs
20-44 yrs
45-64 yrs
65-69 yrs
70 above
0% 0%
30%
63%
7%
0%0%
% Attributed to Increase in Relative
Humidity
0-4
5-9 yrs
10-19 yrs
20-44 yrs
45-64 yrs
65-69 yrs
70 above
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• Out of 36 number of age 65-69 years patients
visited the hospital in year 2010-2017, 2.78% of
the 36 number of patients diagnosed were
traceable/attributed to increases in relative
humidity while none were traceable/attributed to
temperature
Out of 28 number of age 70+ years patients visited the
hospital in year 2010-2017, none were
traceable/attributed to increase temperature and
relative humidity
5. Discussion
It was discovered in this study that different age groups
respond differently to the impacts of increase in
temperature and relative humidity. Their vulnerability to
the risk of epilepsy as temperature and relative humidity
increases differs
Increase in temperature made population of children
aged (0-19) more vulnerable to the risk of epilepsy
mental ill-health than the increase in the relative
humidity i.e. Out of 1553 number of age 0-19 years
(children) patients that visited the hospital in year
2010-2017, 6.70% of the 1553 number of (children)
patients diagnosed were traceable/attributed to
increase in temperature while 5.67% were traceable
to relative humidity or considering the grand total of
epilepsy patients that visited the hospital 2010- 2017
was 2873, 3.62% traceable to increase in temperature
are mainly from children aged population while
3.06% traceable to relative humidity are mainly from
adult aged.
Increase in relative humidity made population of adult
aged (20-64) more vulnerable to the risk of epilepsy
mental ill-health than the increases in the
temperature i.e. Out of 1256 number of age 20-64
years (adult) patients visited the hospital in year
2010-2017, 16.08% of the 1256 number of adult aged
patients diagnosed were traceable/attributed to
increase in relative humidity while none were
traceable to temperature or consider the grand total
of epilepsy patient visited the hospital 2010- 2017
was 2873, only 7.03% traceable to increase in relative
humidity are from adult aged population while none
traceable to temperature.
According to Epilepsy Society (2018) epilepsy can start at
any age including childhood and that in UK epilepsy affects
around 1 in every 200 children and young people under
18. Also According to Beighi E et al (2018). The largest
burden has been documented in children (0-19 years)
aged and young adults (or adults age, 20-64 years). The
burden as we see in this study can be trigger by the
increase in both climate parameters (temperature and
humidity). The increase in the temperature can be an
additional burden on those age groups to trigger epilepsy.
The elderly aged are not so much vulnerable to the risks of
epilepsy with increase in the two parameters, but some
literature has proved that epilepsy mental ill-health
increase in the elderly can be attributed to the increase of
age-related and aging –related epileptogenic conditions
(Beighi E et al 2018). Also Patricia (2014) explained that,
the rate of new cases of epilepsy is also high in people over
age 55 and that older adults are more likely to have a
stroke or develop brain tumors or Alzheimer’s disease,
which can all cause epilepsy According to Jeanne Morrison
(2017) epilepsy can developed at any age. Diagnosis usual
occurs in the early childhood or after age 60. This actually
falls within children group and adults aged in line with our
results. It is an indication that increases in temperature
and relative humidity can trigger epilepsy mental ill-
health in those groups. The chance of people developing
epilepsy increases the risks of age 20 from 2 to 5 percent
and those with parent whose epilepsy is linked to genetics
can be aggravated by external force such as increase in the
temperature and relative humidity followed “Causal
theories of mental disorders”. Victims of those epilepsy
symptoms at age 20 above can be strongly affects by
increase in the two climate parameters. What increase in
the two climate parameters does is to activate some of the
symptoms. The positive contribution from the two climate
parameters as strong external forces elevated
vulnerability and symptomatology risks of epilepsy mental
ill-health. According to Patricia O S (2014) Epilepsy and
seizures can develop in any person at any age and it more
common in young children and older people and that the
risk is higher for people with certain condition. According
to Mayo Clinic Staff (2019) researchers have linked some
types of epilepsy to specific genes or it’s likely that there’s
a genetic influence and that the onset of epilepsy is most
common in children and older adults, but the condition
can occur at any age, also people with family history of
epilepsy may be at an increased risk of developing a
seizure disorder, in addition certain anti-epilepsy
medications used by epileptic woman during pregnancy
increase the risk of birth defects and also according to
Epilepsy Society (2018) some researchers now believe
that the chance of developing epilepsy is probably always
genetic to some extent, in that anyone who starts having
seizures has always had some level of genetic tendency to
do so.
According to Zack MM et al (2017) about 3 million US
adults aged 18 years or older have active epilepsy and that
1 million of those adults are aged 55 or older (Sapkota S et
al 2018). When we now further consider the 395 total
number of epilepsy patient traceable/attributed to the two
parameters, we discovered that the number of children
age (0-19years) were 192 (48.61%) in numbers and for
the all adult aged (20-69 years) were 203 (51.39%) in
numbers. By our own age stratifications the adult’s age are
more vulnerable to the risk of epilepsy cases than the
children aged. So epilepsy can affect people at any age, but
it’s more likely to develop in adults. Also Patricia (2014)
explained that, the rate of new cases of epilepsy is also
high in people over age 55 and that older adults are more
likely to have a stroke or develop brain tumors or
Alzheimer’s disease, which can all cause epilepsy
6. Conclusion
There are positive associations between the number of
epilepsy- mental ill-health patients and the rate of hospital
visits among age groups in relation to the increase in the
two parameters. The positive contributions from the two
climate parameters in the number of patients among those
age groups with epilepsy psychiatric cases and the rate of
hospital visits indicates that increase in the temperature
and relative humidity made groups vulnerable to epilepsy
mental ill-health.
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Increase in temperature made children aged population
vulnerable to the risk of epilepsy - mental ill-health while
increase in the relative humidity made adult aged
population vulnerable to the risk of epilepsy- mental ill-
health. Different age groups respond differently to the
variations in the two parameters and they are vulnerable
to the risks of epilepsy psychiatric mental ill-health
differently as the two parameters increases. It also an
indication that the nature of responses of various age
groups to change in temperature is different from the
change in the relative humidity. The degree of their
response that generated epilepsy mental ill-health differs
since temperature affect one group than others also with
the relative humidity. Epilepsy develops more with those
adult aged than the children aged.
Between the eight (2010-2017) years increase in the
relative humidity spread epilepsy mental ill-health among
age groups population more than increase in the
temperature i.e. the vulnerability and susceptibility of
population at the risks of epilepsy mental ill-health are
higher as relative humidity increases than when
temperature increases. Out of total population of 2873,
10.13% of the patients were attributed to the increase in
relative humidity and 3.62% were attributed to increase in
the temperature. Even relative humidity spread epilepsy
epidemic across age 10-64 with middle interval of 36.5 or
value distance range of 36, while temperature spread
epilepsy epidemic only across age 0-19 with middle
interval of 10 or value distance range 19. The higher the
middle interval or the greater the value distance range the
more the spreading.
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