The document summarizes a study of oribatid mite fauna in the Konkan region of Maharashtra, India. 21 species across 20 genera and 14 families of soil oribatid mites were found. All species are considered new records for the state, with 3 also being new records for India. The study aims to provide baseline data on oribatid mites in this previously unexplored region. Specimens were collected from soil and litter across different districts and identified taxonomically.
This document summarizes a study that examined the dorsal guard hairs of two Indian antelope species, the blackbuck (Antelope cervicapra) and Indian gazelle or chinkara (Gazella bennettii), to identify distinguishing morphological and microscopic characteristics. The researchers found that both species' hair profiles, colors, lengths, and diameters differed. Microscopically, the cuticular scale patterns, medullary structures, and cross-sectional shapes varied significantly between the species. Based on these combined hair characteristics, the researchers believe the two antelope species can be identified and that the hair reference photographs provided could aid in forensic and dietary analyses.
This document summarizes the findings of a study identifying new records of soil oribatid mite species in Maharashtra, India. Sixteen species across 14 genera and 12 families were found, 4 of which are new records for India. The mites were collected from soil samples in 6 districts across 4 regions of Maharashtra. The study significantly expands the known oribatid mite diversity in Maharashtra and provides the first records for some species in India. It identifies areas in need of further research to document the oribatid fauna of the region.
1) The document discusses studies on new species of branchiopods (conchostracans) in lentic water bodies in Koyali, Pune by Dr. Ravindra V. Kshirsagar.
2) Samples were collected from ephemeral water bodies near Koyali village over one month and observed under a microscope.
3) The specimens showed characteristics similar to Eulimnda inflecta but appeared to be a new species based on how females carry eggs in their shell. Further study is needed for taxonomy.
The occurence of the least pipistrelle Bat, Pipistrellus tenuis (Temminck, 18...Open Access Research Paper
A recent survey identified a colony of Pipistrellus tenuis (n = 5) in Kanyakuchi Pahar village (26°00’32.8″N 90°53’29.0″E), a rural remote site situated at Goalpara district of Assam. This species, commonly known as the Least Pipistrelle, was previously reported by Hinton and Lindsay (1926), Sinha (1999), Ghosh (2008), Saikia et al. (2011) and Boro et al. (2018) from different parts of Assam. The Goalpara district of western Assam is encircled by the foothills of Meghalaya to the South and the Brahmaputra River to the North possesses a variety of flora and fauna due to the dense foliage of the high forest canopy. The climatic condition of the region along with its topography favours roosting of bat population. The distribution of the bat species P. tenuis in the surveyed area has not been previously recorded. For the purpose of taxonomic identification, morphometric parameters (external and cranio-dental measurements) were compared to standard literature by Bates and Harrison (1997). Captured bat specimens (n=3) were examined at the ZSI (Zoological Survey of India), NERC-Shillong, Meghalaya. The recorded mean body weight of captured specimens was 2.61g ± 0.160 (S.D) and the mean forearm length (FA) was 27.39mm ± 0.165 (S.D). This manuscript validates sightings of this bat species at the study location, compares its morphometric and cranio-dental traits to standard literature (Bates and Harrison, 1997) for identification, discusses its distribution as well as its ecological importance.
basic entomology with insect anatomy and taxonomyDrAnita Sharma
This document provides an introduction to the course ENTO-121 Fundamentals of Entomology. It defines entomology as the study of insects and describes their key characteristics of having segmented bodies, wings, antennae, and undergoing either complete or incomplete metamorphosis. The document outlines the major branches of entomology including forensic, veterinary, medical, and agricultural entomology. It then provides a detailed history of the development of entomology in India from the 18th century onward and describes some of the major Indian institutes and organizations related to entomology. Finally, it discusses several factors that have contributed to insects' abundance and dominance on Earth.
This document summarizes a study that examined the dorsal guard hairs of two Indian antelope species, the blackbuck (Antelope cervicapra) and Indian gazelle or chinkara (Gazella bennettii), to identify distinguishing morphological and microscopic characteristics. The researchers found that both species' hair profiles, colors, lengths, and diameters differed. Microscopically, the cuticular scale patterns, medullary structures, and cross-sectional shapes varied significantly between the species. Based on these combined hair characteristics, the researchers believe the two antelope species can be identified and that the hair reference photographs provided could aid in forensic and dietary analyses.
This document summarizes the findings of a study identifying new records of soil oribatid mite species in Maharashtra, India. Sixteen species across 14 genera and 12 families were found, 4 of which are new records for India. The mites were collected from soil samples in 6 districts across 4 regions of Maharashtra. The study significantly expands the known oribatid mite diversity in Maharashtra and provides the first records for some species in India. It identifies areas in need of further research to document the oribatid fauna of the region.
1) The document discusses studies on new species of branchiopods (conchostracans) in lentic water bodies in Koyali, Pune by Dr. Ravindra V. Kshirsagar.
2) Samples were collected from ephemeral water bodies near Koyali village over one month and observed under a microscope.
3) The specimens showed characteristics similar to Eulimnda inflecta but appeared to be a new species based on how females carry eggs in their shell. Further study is needed for taxonomy.
The occurence of the least pipistrelle Bat, Pipistrellus tenuis (Temminck, 18...Open Access Research Paper
A recent survey identified a colony of Pipistrellus tenuis (n = 5) in Kanyakuchi Pahar village (26°00’32.8″N 90°53’29.0″E), a rural remote site situated at Goalpara district of Assam. This species, commonly known as the Least Pipistrelle, was previously reported by Hinton and Lindsay (1926), Sinha (1999), Ghosh (2008), Saikia et al. (2011) and Boro et al. (2018) from different parts of Assam. The Goalpara district of western Assam is encircled by the foothills of Meghalaya to the South and the Brahmaputra River to the North possesses a variety of flora and fauna due to the dense foliage of the high forest canopy. The climatic condition of the region along with its topography favours roosting of bat population. The distribution of the bat species P. tenuis in the surveyed area has not been previously recorded. For the purpose of taxonomic identification, morphometric parameters (external and cranio-dental measurements) were compared to standard literature by Bates and Harrison (1997). Captured bat specimens (n=3) were examined at the ZSI (Zoological Survey of India), NERC-Shillong, Meghalaya. The recorded mean body weight of captured specimens was 2.61g ± 0.160 (S.D) and the mean forearm length (FA) was 27.39mm ± 0.165 (S.D). This manuscript validates sightings of this bat species at the study location, compares its morphometric and cranio-dental traits to standard literature (Bates and Harrison, 1997) for identification, discusses its distribution as well as its ecological importance.
basic entomology with insect anatomy and taxonomyDrAnita Sharma
This document provides an introduction to the course ENTO-121 Fundamentals of Entomology. It defines entomology as the study of insects and describes their key characteristics of having segmented bodies, wings, antennae, and undergoing either complete or incomplete metamorphosis. The document outlines the major branches of entomology including forensic, veterinary, medical, and agricultural entomology. It then provides a detailed history of the development of entomology in India from the 18th century onward and describes some of the major Indian institutes and organizations related to entomology. Finally, it discusses several factors that have contributed to insects' abundance and dominance on Earth.
FUNDAMENTAL OF ENTOMOLOGY notes for b sc agricultureDrAnita Sharma
This document provides an introduction to the course ENTO-121 Fundamentals of Entomology. It defines entomology as the study of insects and describes their key characteristics of having segmented bodies, wings, antennae, and undergoing either complete or incomplete metamorphosis. The document outlines the major branches of entomology including forensic, veterinary, medical, and agricultural entomology. It then provides a detailed history of the development of entomology in India from the 18th century onward and describes the major Indian institutes and organizations involved in entomological research today.
The document provides an overview of the fundamentals of entomology, including an introduction to insects and their classification in the animal kingdom. It discusses the history of entomology in India and important figures. It also covers the structure and composition of the insect integument (exoskeleton) and factors contributing to the abundance and dominance of insects.
This document summarizes a research article on the beetle diversity of Jalgaon District in Maharashtra, India. The study identified 35 beetle species from 28 genera across 13 families. The most common family was Scarabaeidae, representing 25.71% of species. Other dominant families included Carabidae, Meloidae, Buprestidae and Tenebrionidae. The beetles were collected from different areas of Jalgaon District from July 2013 to February 2014. The study helps expand knowledge of beetle diversity in the region and provides a baseline for further research.
Tick infestation on wild snakes in northern part of western pranav pandit rut...Pranav Pandit
This study examined ticks on wild snakes in Western Ghats, India. Two snake species, the Indian rat snake and spectacled cobra, were found to be infested by ticks. All ticks collected were identified as Amblyomma gervaisi. The average tick prevalence on Indian rat snakes was 29.16% and 30% on spectacled cobras. Longer snakes of both species had significantly higher rates of tick infestation. The highest tick infestation rates were found in scrubland habitat.
This document reports on the first record of the squat lobster species Munidopsis scobina off the Thoothukudi coast of the Gulf of Mannar in India. One specimen of M. scobina was collected from a depth of 305-310 meters during trawling operations. M. scobina is described and its key diagnostic features are provided. This extends the known distribution of M. scobina in the Indo-Pacific region. A number of other species previously collected off the Thoothukudi coast are also cited.
Five New Records of Butterfly Species from Dhaka,Amit Kumer Neogi
This document reports on the discovery of 5 new butterfly species found in Bangladesh. Field surveys were conducted from 2012-2014 in Dhaka, Pirojpur, and Cox's Bazar districts. The 5 new species recorded are: Tarucus balkanicus (Little Tiger Pierrot), Prosotas bhutea (Bhutya Lineblue), Freyeria putli (Oriental Grass Jewel), Cephrenes acalle (Plain Palm-Dart), and Abisara bifasciata (Double-banded Judy). These findings help update the knowledge of butterfly diversity and distribution in Bangladesh.
Identification of Species of genus Zootecus on the basis of morphologySafi Ur Rehman Qamar
This study identified 3 species of land snails belonging to the genus Zootecus found in soils in Faisalabad, Pakistan. A total of 100 snail specimens were collected from various areas and identified based on morphological characteristics. The 3 identified species were Zootecus insularis, Zootecus chion, and Zootecus agrensis. Detailed descriptions of each species' shell morphology were provided. This was the first study to systematically identify Zootecus species in Pakistan.
This document summarizes a study on the diversity of butterfly species in the Union Council Koaz Bahram Dheri region of Pakistan. A total of 232 butterflies from 13 species across 3 families were collected and identified between July and October 2012. The family Nymphalidae was most abundant with 114 individuals (49%), followed by Pieridae with 86 (37%) and Papilionidae with 32 (14%). Danaus chrysippus was the most commonly observed species overall with 72 individuals (31%). Collection sites varied in species richness, with the highest diversity found at Hajji Sargund Kally. The highest butterfly activity occurred in the month of August.
On the systematics of genus Scylla De Haan,1833 of cochin backwaters, a South...Innspub Net
The present work is an attempt to describe the Scylla spp collected from Cochin backwaters, a South Indian estuary, for a period of two years from June 2010- to May 2012. Identification and description of Scylla spp. was carried out based on the conventional taxonomic tools viz., morphological characters including the description of the first and second male gonopods and the third maxillipeds; morphometry as well as the molecular methods viz., sequencing of CO1 gene and the amplification of ITS-1 region. The present study confirms the occurrence of two species of Scylla, from Cochin backwaters, namely Scylla serrata and Scylla olivacea. The study also rules out the existence of Scylla tranquebarica in Cochin backwaters. The smaller species being identified as S. Serrata is S. olivacea and the larger one being identified as S. tranquebarica is S. Serrata.
1. Bryology research began in India in the early 20th century led by Professor Shiv Ram Kashyap, known as the "Father of Indian Bryology".
2. Subsequent Indian bryologists like Professors S.K. Pande and Ram Udar furthered the study of bryophytes in India through publications, identification of new species, and training students.
3. While bryology was originally a core area of botanical study in India, it has declined in recent decades due to a lack of research opportunities and an emphasis on more modern fields like biotechnology.
A checklist of snakes observed in the Bhopal district of Madhya Pradesh from March 2013 to September 2015 is documented here. Seventeen species of the snakes belonging to five families were recorded during the current study. All species of snakes were observed, photographed and released back to secure areas away from the human daily interference. In addition, road kills of snakes were also recorded along the forest trails and in urban areas. Out of all the species of snakes Xenochrophis piscator and Ptyas mucosa were found to be the most common snake followed by Amphiesma stolata and Oligodon arnensis .
On two new species of Acanthocephalan Genus Acanthosentis Verma and Dutta, 19...RahulGupta2015
The order Gyracanthocephala Van Cleave, 1936 includes family Quadrigyridae Van Cleave, 1920 divided into two sub-families Quadrigyrinae Van Cleave, 1920, with one genus Quadrigyrus from India and Pallisentinae Amin, 1985, with four genera Pallisentis Van Cleave, 1928; Acanthosenus Verma and Dutta, 1929; Acanthogyrus Thapar, 1927 and Raosentis Dutta, 1947) from India. Galvan (1959) synonymised Acanthosentis Verma and Dutta, 1929 with Acanthogyrus Thapar, 1927 and reduced Acanthoseniis to a subgenus further Galvan (l 994) reconsidered the generic status of Acanthosentis. Amin (2005) in agreement with Amin ( 1985) and Amin & Hendrix (1999) retained the status of Acanthosentis as sub-genus, most probably he has not got access of literature of Verma and Dutta, 1929. Bhattacharya (2007) in agreement with Verma and Dutta, 1925 given Acanthosentis to full generic status with proper justification supported by key, and authors are also in agreement with this. The type species Acanthosentis antespinus Verma & Dutta, 1929 was reported from fish Mystus gulio at Calcutta, India. Other species reported from India are A. duttai Podder, 1938; A. sircari Podder, 1941; A. giuris Soota and Sen, 1954; A. betwai Tripathi, 1959; A. indicus Tripathi, 1959; A. cameroni Gupta and Kajaji, 1969; A. thapari Prashad et al. 1969; A. bacailai Verma, 1973; A. vittatusi Verma, 1973; A. golvani Gupta & Jain, 1980; A. shuklai Agrawal & Singh, 1982; A. vancleavi Gupta & Fatma 1985; A. bilaspurensis Chowhan er al, 1987; A. gobindi Chowhan et al. 1987; A. putitorae Chowhan et al. 1988 and A. seenghalae Chowhan et al, 1988. In this paper we have described two new species of Genus Acanthosentis Verma and Dutta, 1929 recovered from the intestine of fish Channa punctatus (Bloch.) of river Gomti at Lucknow. India.
This document summarizes information about the spotted snakehead (Channa punctata), including its:
1) Native range which extends from Afghanistan to southern Nepal, Bangladesh, northeastern India and Sri Lanka.
2) Habitat preferences including stagnant waters, muddy streams, ponds with swampy bottoms or aquatic vegetation.
3) Reproductive habits such as building circular nests guarded by both parents, spawning throughout the year but peaking during monsoon months.
Diversity and seasonal variation of soil fungi isolated from surrounding area...Alexander Decker
This document summarizes a study on the diversity and seasonal variation of soil fungi isolated from the surrounding area of Upper Lake in Bhopal, India over a two year period. A total of 55 genera and 94 fungal species were identified. The highest numbers of fungi were observed in the summer season (64 and 56), followed by winter (54 and 38), with the lowest numbers in the rainy season (42 and 32). Fungal populations varied seasonally and were correlated with temperature, rainfall, and humidity. The majority of identified species were well-adapted to the local environment.
Sirogonium sticticum (J.E. Sm.) Kütz. and Zygnemopsis scorbiculata P. Sarma &...Dheeraj Vasu
ABSTRACT: In the present paper, two algal species viz. Sirogonium sticticum (J.E. Sm.) Kütz. and Zygnemopsis scorbiculata P. Sarma & Kargupta belonging to the family Zygnemataceae of the class Chlorophyceae have been reported for the first time from Hooghly district in West Bengal, India. These species are clearly different from each other on the basis of vegetative and reproductive characteristics. Both the species are filamentous and grown in ponds. One of the marked differences between the two species is that the former possesses straight and parallel chloroplasts while the later contains stellate chloroplasts in the cells of filaments. A study of the limnological profile and the relationship between water properties and distribution of these algal species has been assessed. Results of water analysis proved that temperature range between 24°C and 25°C, alkaline pH, DO with range of 6.6-7.0 mg l-1, slight higher COD values, lower total alkalinity, TSS, TDS, SO42- and nutrients values have a great impact on their seasonal occurrences.
Key Words: Taxonomy, limnology, Sirogonium, Zygnemopsis, West Bengal, India
The document discusses several major discoveries and developments in the field of zoology. It describes Aristotle's documentation of animal behavior and characteristics in Ancient Greece. It discusses Gregor Mendel's pioneering work in genetics and inheritance by studying traits in pea plants. It also mentions Antonie van Leeuwenhoek's microscopic discoveries of microorganisms in the 17th century. Finally, it provides brief overviews of Charles Darwin's theory of evolution by natural selection, Linnaeus's biological classification system, and several important zoological organizations.
1) Aristotle documented the behavior and characteristics of hundreds of species in his work "The History of Animals" in the 4th century BC.
2) Gregor Mendel discovered the principles of genetic inheritance by studying inherited traits in pea plants in the 19th century.
3) Antonie van Leeuwenhoek discovered microorganisms using early microscopes in the 17th century.
This document reports a new record of the crustacean species Calaxius acutirostris from waters off Thoothukudi, southeast coast of India. A single male specimen of C. acutirostris was caught incidentally at a depth of 310 meters by trawling in the region between 08o 53.6’N 78o 16’E and 08o 53.8’N 78o 32’E off the Thoothukudi coast. This represents the first record of the species C. acutirostris in Indian waters. The document provides details on the morphology and identification of the specimen, compares it to other species, and discusses its distribution and taxonomy within the family A
2 k jeyaprakash diversity of medicinal plants used by adi community in and ar...Dheeraj Vasu
The present survey was carried out from March 2014 to June 2016 to document the diversity of medicinal plants among the Adi community in four settlements which are located nearby area of Daying Ering Memorial Wild Life Sanctuary, Arunachal Pradesh, North East India. The information was obtained through open and face-to-face interviews with the local knowledgeable people. A total of 73 plant species belonging to 66 genera and 44 families were documented in the study. The dominant family in the survey was Asteraceae (eight species) followed by Euphorbiaceae (seven species). Of the collected ethno medicinal plants, 46% herbs followed by 36% shrubs, 11% trees and 7% climbers. Among the different plant parts used for the preparation of medicine, leaves were mostly used and predominantly used herbal preparations were taking raw materials directly followed by decoction. The herbal medicines to treat variety of ailments such as to heal cuts and wounds (eight species), jaundice (six species), bone fracture and gastritis (six species each), blood pressure, and ring worm (four species each), diarrhoea, headache, snake bite and toothache (three species each), anaemia, antidote, asthma, diabetes, expel worms, gynaecological problems, loose motion, malaria, sinusitis, skin disease and stomach problems (two species each) and other diseases containing one species each were recorded. The plants like Alstonia scholaris, Diplazium esculentum, and Hydrocotyle sibthorpioides should be given priority in conservation point of view, since these plants eroding rapidly in study area due to over-exploitation. The usage of plants by the Adi community reflects their interest in herbal medicine and further investigation on these species may lead to the discovery of novel bioactive molecules.
10 nazir ahmad malla and mudasir bashir 215 plant protein kinases in signal ...Dheeraj Vasu
ABSTRACT: A protein kinase is a enzyme that modifies other proteins by adding phosphate groups to them. This results in a functional change of the target protein by changing enzyme activity, cellular location, or association with other proteins. Cells can interact to environmental fluctuations by transduction of extracellular signals, to produce intracellular responses. Membrane-impermeable signal molecules are recognized by receptors, which are localized on the plasma membrane of the cell. Binding of a ligand can result in the stimulation of an intrinsic enzymatic activity of its receptor or the modulation of a transducing protein. This review discusses the various protein kinases and their role in plants.
FUNDAMENTAL OF ENTOMOLOGY notes for b sc agricultureDrAnita Sharma
This document provides an introduction to the course ENTO-121 Fundamentals of Entomology. It defines entomology as the study of insects and describes their key characteristics of having segmented bodies, wings, antennae, and undergoing either complete or incomplete metamorphosis. The document outlines the major branches of entomology including forensic, veterinary, medical, and agricultural entomology. It then provides a detailed history of the development of entomology in India from the 18th century onward and describes the major Indian institutes and organizations involved in entomological research today.
The document provides an overview of the fundamentals of entomology, including an introduction to insects and their classification in the animal kingdom. It discusses the history of entomology in India and important figures. It also covers the structure and composition of the insect integument (exoskeleton) and factors contributing to the abundance and dominance of insects.
This document summarizes a research article on the beetle diversity of Jalgaon District in Maharashtra, India. The study identified 35 beetle species from 28 genera across 13 families. The most common family was Scarabaeidae, representing 25.71% of species. Other dominant families included Carabidae, Meloidae, Buprestidae and Tenebrionidae. The beetles were collected from different areas of Jalgaon District from July 2013 to February 2014. The study helps expand knowledge of beetle diversity in the region and provides a baseline for further research.
Tick infestation on wild snakes in northern part of western pranav pandit rut...Pranav Pandit
This study examined ticks on wild snakes in Western Ghats, India. Two snake species, the Indian rat snake and spectacled cobra, were found to be infested by ticks. All ticks collected were identified as Amblyomma gervaisi. The average tick prevalence on Indian rat snakes was 29.16% and 30% on spectacled cobras. Longer snakes of both species had significantly higher rates of tick infestation. The highest tick infestation rates were found in scrubland habitat.
This document reports on the first record of the squat lobster species Munidopsis scobina off the Thoothukudi coast of the Gulf of Mannar in India. One specimen of M. scobina was collected from a depth of 305-310 meters during trawling operations. M. scobina is described and its key diagnostic features are provided. This extends the known distribution of M. scobina in the Indo-Pacific region. A number of other species previously collected off the Thoothukudi coast are also cited.
Five New Records of Butterfly Species from Dhaka,Amit Kumer Neogi
This document reports on the discovery of 5 new butterfly species found in Bangladesh. Field surveys were conducted from 2012-2014 in Dhaka, Pirojpur, and Cox's Bazar districts. The 5 new species recorded are: Tarucus balkanicus (Little Tiger Pierrot), Prosotas bhutea (Bhutya Lineblue), Freyeria putli (Oriental Grass Jewel), Cephrenes acalle (Plain Palm-Dart), and Abisara bifasciata (Double-banded Judy). These findings help update the knowledge of butterfly diversity and distribution in Bangladesh.
Identification of Species of genus Zootecus on the basis of morphologySafi Ur Rehman Qamar
This study identified 3 species of land snails belonging to the genus Zootecus found in soils in Faisalabad, Pakistan. A total of 100 snail specimens were collected from various areas and identified based on morphological characteristics. The 3 identified species were Zootecus insularis, Zootecus chion, and Zootecus agrensis. Detailed descriptions of each species' shell morphology were provided. This was the first study to systematically identify Zootecus species in Pakistan.
This document summarizes a study on the diversity of butterfly species in the Union Council Koaz Bahram Dheri region of Pakistan. A total of 232 butterflies from 13 species across 3 families were collected and identified between July and October 2012. The family Nymphalidae was most abundant with 114 individuals (49%), followed by Pieridae with 86 (37%) and Papilionidae with 32 (14%). Danaus chrysippus was the most commonly observed species overall with 72 individuals (31%). Collection sites varied in species richness, with the highest diversity found at Hajji Sargund Kally. The highest butterfly activity occurred in the month of August.
On the systematics of genus Scylla De Haan,1833 of cochin backwaters, a South...Innspub Net
The present work is an attempt to describe the Scylla spp collected from Cochin backwaters, a South Indian estuary, for a period of two years from June 2010- to May 2012. Identification and description of Scylla spp. was carried out based on the conventional taxonomic tools viz., morphological characters including the description of the first and second male gonopods and the third maxillipeds; morphometry as well as the molecular methods viz., sequencing of CO1 gene and the amplification of ITS-1 region. The present study confirms the occurrence of two species of Scylla, from Cochin backwaters, namely Scylla serrata and Scylla olivacea. The study also rules out the existence of Scylla tranquebarica in Cochin backwaters. The smaller species being identified as S. Serrata is S. olivacea and the larger one being identified as S. tranquebarica is S. Serrata.
1. Bryology research began in India in the early 20th century led by Professor Shiv Ram Kashyap, known as the "Father of Indian Bryology".
2. Subsequent Indian bryologists like Professors S.K. Pande and Ram Udar furthered the study of bryophytes in India through publications, identification of new species, and training students.
3. While bryology was originally a core area of botanical study in India, it has declined in recent decades due to a lack of research opportunities and an emphasis on more modern fields like biotechnology.
A checklist of snakes observed in the Bhopal district of Madhya Pradesh from March 2013 to September 2015 is documented here. Seventeen species of the snakes belonging to five families were recorded during the current study. All species of snakes were observed, photographed and released back to secure areas away from the human daily interference. In addition, road kills of snakes were also recorded along the forest trails and in urban areas. Out of all the species of snakes Xenochrophis piscator and Ptyas mucosa were found to be the most common snake followed by Amphiesma stolata and Oligodon arnensis .
On two new species of Acanthocephalan Genus Acanthosentis Verma and Dutta, 19...RahulGupta2015
The order Gyracanthocephala Van Cleave, 1936 includes family Quadrigyridae Van Cleave, 1920 divided into two sub-families Quadrigyrinae Van Cleave, 1920, with one genus Quadrigyrus from India and Pallisentinae Amin, 1985, with four genera Pallisentis Van Cleave, 1928; Acanthosenus Verma and Dutta, 1929; Acanthogyrus Thapar, 1927 and Raosentis Dutta, 1947) from India. Galvan (1959) synonymised Acanthosentis Verma and Dutta, 1929 with Acanthogyrus Thapar, 1927 and reduced Acanthoseniis to a subgenus further Galvan (l 994) reconsidered the generic status of Acanthosentis. Amin (2005) in agreement with Amin ( 1985) and Amin & Hendrix (1999) retained the status of Acanthosentis as sub-genus, most probably he has not got access of literature of Verma and Dutta, 1929. Bhattacharya (2007) in agreement with Verma and Dutta, 1925 given Acanthosentis to full generic status with proper justification supported by key, and authors are also in agreement with this. The type species Acanthosentis antespinus Verma & Dutta, 1929 was reported from fish Mystus gulio at Calcutta, India. Other species reported from India are A. duttai Podder, 1938; A. sircari Podder, 1941; A. giuris Soota and Sen, 1954; A. betwai Tripathi, 1959; A. indicus Tripathi, 1959; A. cameroni Gupta and Kajaji, 1969; A. thapari Prashad et al. 1969; A. bacailai Verma, 1973; A. vittatusi Verma, 1973; A. golvani Gupta & Jain, 1980; A. shuklai Agrawal & Singh, 1982; A. vancleavi Gupta & Fatma 1985; A. bilaspurensis Chowhan er al, 1987; A. gobindi Chowhan et al. 1987; A. putitorae Chowhan et al. 1988 and A. seenghalae Chowhan et al, 1988. In this paper we have described two new species of Genus Acanthosentis Verma and Dutta, 1929 recovered from the intestine of fish Channa punctatus (Bloch.) of river Gomti at Lucknow. India.
This document summarizes information about the spotted snakehead (Channa punctata), including its:
1) Native range which extends from Afghanistan to southern Nepal, Bangladesh, northeastern India and Sri Lanka.
2) Habitat preferences including stagnant waters, muddy streams, ponds with swampy bottoms or aquatic vegetation.
3) Reproductive habits such as building circular nests guarded by both parents, spawning throughout the year but peaking during monsoon months.
Diversity and seasonal variation of soil fungi isolated from surrounding area...Alexander Decker
This document summarizes a study on the diversity and seasonal variation of soil fungi isolated from the surrounding area of Upper Lake in Bhopal, India over a two year period. A total of 55 genera and 94 fungal species were identified. The highest numbers of fungi were observed in the summer season (64 and 56), followed by winter (54 and 38), with the lowest numbers in the rainy season (42 and 32). Fungal populations varied seasonally and were correlated with temperature, rainfall, and humidity. The majority of identified species were well-adapted to the local environment.
Sirogonium sticticum (J.E. Sm.) Kütz. and Zygnemopsis scorbiculata P. Sarma &...Dheeraj Vasu
ABSTRACT: In the present paper, two algal species viz. Sirogonium sticticum (J.E. Sm.) Kütz. and Zygnemopsis scorbiculata P. Sarma & Kargupta belonging to the family Zygnemataceae of the class Chlorophyceae have been reported for the first time from Hooghly district in West Bengal, India. These species are clearly different from each other on the basis of vegetative and reproductive characteristics. Both the species are filamentous and grown in ponds. One of the marked differences between the two species is that the former possesses straight and parallel chloroplasts while the later contains stellate chloroplasts in the cells of filaments. A study of the limnological profile and the relationship between water properties and distribution of these algal species has been assessed. Results of water analysis proved that temperature range between 24°C and 25°C, alkaline pH, DO with range of 6.6-7.0 mg l-1, slight higher COD values, lower total alkalinity, TSS, TDS, SO42- and nutrients values have a great impact on their seasonal occurrences.
Key Words: Taxonomy, limnology, Sirogonium, Zygnemopsis, West Bengal, India
The document discusses several major discoveries and developments in the field of zoology. It describes Aristotle's documentation of animal behavior and characteristics in Ancient Greece. It discusses Gregor Mendel's pioneering work in genetics and inheritance by studying traits in pea plants. It also mentions Antonie van Leeuwenhoek's microscopic discoveries of microorganisms in the 17th century. Finally, it provides brief overviews of Charles Darwin's theory of evolution by natural selection, Linnaeus's biological classification system, and several important zoological organizations.
1) Aristotle documented the behavior and characteristics of hundreds of species in his work "The History of Animals" in the 4th century BC.
2) Gregor Mendel discovered the principles of genetic inheritance by studying inherited traits in pea plants in the 19th century.
3) Antonie van Leeuwenhoek discovered microorganisms using early microscopes in the 17th century.
This document reports a new record of the crustacean species Calaxius acutirostris from waters off Thoothukudi, southeast coast of India. A single male specimen of C. acutirostris was caught incidentally at a depth of 310 meters by trawling in the region between 08o 53.6’N 78o 16’E and 08o 53.8’N 78o 32’E off the Thoothukudi coast. This represents the first record of the species C. acutirostris in Indian waters. The document provides details on the morphology and identification of the specimen, compares it to other species, and discusses its distribution and taxonomy within the family A
2 k jeyaprakash diversity of medicinal plants used by adi community in and ar...Dheeraj Vasu
The present survey was carried out from March 2014 to June 2016 to document the diversity of medicinal plants among the Adi community in four settlements which are located nearby area of Daying Ering Memorial Wild Life Sanctuary, Arunachal Pradesh, North East India. The information was obtained through open and face-to-face interviews with the local knowledgeable people. A total of 73 plant species belonging to 66 genera and 44 families were documented in the study. The dominant family in the survey was Asteraceae (eight species) followed by Euphorbiaceae (seven species). Of the collected ethno medicinal plants, 46% herbs followed by 36% shrubs, 11% trees and 7% climbers. Among the different plant parts used for the preparation of medicine, leaves were mostly used and predominantly used herbal preparations were taking raw materials directly followed by decoction. The herbal medicines to treat variety of ailments such as to heal cuts and wounds (eight species), jaundice (six species), bone fracture and gastritis (six species each), blood pressure, and ring worm (four species each), diarrhoea, headache, snake bite and toothache (three species each), anaemia, antidote, asthma, diabetes, expel worms, gynaecological problems, loose motion, malaria, sinusitis, skin disease and stomach problems (two species each) and other diseases containing one species each were recorded. The plants like Alstonia scholaris, Diplazium esculentum, and Hydrocotyle sibthorpioides should be given priority in conservation point of view, since these plants eroding rapidly in study area due to over-exploitation. The usage of plants by the Adi community reflects their interest in herbal medicine and further investigation on these species may lead to the discovery of novel bioactive molecules.
10 nazir ahmad malla and mudasir bashir 215 plant protein kinases in signal ...Dheeraj Vasu
ABSTRACT: A protein kinase is a enzyme that modifies other proteins by adding phosphate groups to them. This results in a functional change of the target protein by changing enzyme activity, cellular location, or association with other proteins. Cells can interact to environmental fluctuations by transduction of extracellular signals, to produce intracellular responses. Membrane-impermeable signal molecules are recognized by receptors, which are localized on the plasma membrane of the cell. Binding of a ligand can result in the stimulation of an intrinsic enzymatic activity of its receptor or the modulation of a transducing protein. This review discusses the various protein kinases and their role in plants.
Antifungal Activities and Phytochemical Screening of Xanthium strumariumDheeraj Vasu
This document summarizes a study that evaluated the antifungal activities and phytochemical composition of Xanthium strumarium (cocklebur) extracts. Leaf extracts of X. strumarium in distilled water and methanol were tested against 5 fungi (Alternaria brassicae, Botrytis cinerea, Fusarium oxysporum, Phytophthora capsici, Sclerotium rolfsii) at concentrations from 50-250 mg/ml. Both extracts inhibited fungal growth, with methanol extracts completely inhibiting some fungi at higher concentrations. F. oxysporum was most susceptible while A. brassicae and B. cinerea were most resistant. Phytochem
The document analyzes the energy consumption for cucumber greenhouse production in Iran using data envelopment analysis. Data was collected from 20 greenhouses and energy inputs (like diesel, fertilizer, labor) and outputs (cucumber yield) were calculated. Total energy input was 163,994 MJ/ha with diesel fuel as the highest at 45.15%. Output was 62,496 MJ/ha. Technical, pure technical and scale efficiencies were then calculated using DEA to evaluate energy efficiency and identify areas for improvement. The study found DEA to be useful for benchmarking energy use and determining how to reduce waste.
Promising Sudanese Medicinal Plants with Antibacterial Activity - a Review Ar...Dheeraj Vasu
ABSTRACT: This study is considered as the most comprehensive review of Sudanese medicinal plants with promising antibacterial activities, since it covered more than 60 published studies on that topic. A total of 142 plant species belonging to 64 families, which showed antibacterial activities when extracted using different solvents (polar and non-polar) and tested against some gram negative or gram positive bacteria in vitro (cup-plate method and disc diffusion method) have been presented. In conclusion, the list of medicinal plants presented in this review clearly indicates that most of them could be promising sources of new antibacterial drugs and encourages researchers for further microbiological and pharmacological studies.
Controlling the Root-knot Nematodes (RKNs) Hamid Abbasi Moghaddam*and Mohamma...Dheeraj Vasu
ABSTRACT: Root-knot nematodes (RKNs) are ubiquitous parasites with an amazing capacity to interact with a very large variety of plant species. They are sedentary endoparasitic nematodes that depend on the induction of a permanent feeding site in living roots to complete their life cycle. RKNs interfere with the genetic programmes of their hosts to transform root vascular cells into giant cells (GCs) through the injection of nematode effectors from their oesophageal glands. Dramatic rearrangements in GCs cytoskeleton, alteration of cell cycle mechanisms, such as mitosis and endoreduplication, readjustment of enzymes involved in carbohydrate synthesis and degradation are among those processes modified in GCs. GCs act as sinks to provide nutrients for life cycle completion from J2 larvae to adult females. The female produces an egg offspring protected by a gelatinous matrix and the free-living stage, J2, hatch from these eggs, completing the nematode life cycle. The understanding of the processes subjacent to GC differentiation and maintenance, as well as a deeper knowledge of RKN mode of parasitism, will provide tools for new control methods of these devastating agricultural pests.
Determining the Interrelationship between Macaque Population and Land Cover/ ...Dheeraj Vasu
ABSTRACT: Movement ecology has now become a significant topic for discussion. With the changing environment and climatic conditions, there are several factors that work for the movement of all type and size of organisms. These changes in animals are sometimes observed positive and sometimes it is negative in terms of their behavior and intra-specific interaction. The following study investigates the impact of changing land use pattern in relation between green cover and migratory ecology of monkeys, to understand the factors that affect their ecological movement and behavioral aspects. The research work also comprise of the analytical study of the approaches that were used for the sampling and study of monkeys. The project has a progressive look and is based on both comparative and a collection of secondary as well as primary data. It identifies the concepts that could be applied to the migration of the monkeys into the urbanized areas. The study also establishes the facts that determine parameters that might play a leading role in their movement, based on conduction of surveys of certain sites. The deduction of conclusion is based on identifying the reasons causing movement, discovering any change in the behavior which is causative of the movement and finally linking them to develop a conceptual framework that explains the entire process of movement.
Structure Properties of Yrast Superdeformed Bands
in the Mass Region Around Gd-144
A. M. Khalaf, M. Kotb, Asmaa AbdElSalam* and G.S.M. Ahmed
Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt.
*Physics Department, Faculty of Science (Girls), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt.
“International Journal on Emerging Technologies” (ISSN NO. Online: 2249-3255) a peer-reviewed and free open access journal, aims to provide the complete and reliable source of information on current developments in the fields of all sciences. The emphasis will be on publishing quality articles rapidly and openly available to researchers worldwide. Manuscripts submitted to “International Journal on Emerging Technologies” must be original work that has not been published or under consideration for publication elsewhere. All submissions must be written in English. Manuscripts should be typed double space on A4 size paper using font size 12 and preferably not more than 30 pages in length inclusive of tables, figures and illustrations. All submissions will be peer reviewed. The scope of “International Journal on Emerging Technologies” covers all aspects of Electrical, Electronics, Computer IT, Instrumentation, Mechanical, Civil engineering, Physics, Chemistry, Mathematics, Environmental Sciences and Agriculture Sciences, “International Journal on Emerging Technologies” is biannual journal. Papers solicited for “International Journal on Emerging Technologies” can be in the form of survey/tutorial, regular papers, brief papers, case studied and technical correspondence. This journal provides a national and international forum for rapid publication of work describing theoretical as well as practical aspects.
Yogesh Kumar Walia* and Dinesh Kumar Gupta**Dheeraj Vasu
This document describes a study on the periodate oxidation of purified non-cellulosic polysaccharides (hemicelluloses) from Ceiba pentandra and Morus nigra plants. Periodate oxidation reactions were performed on the purified hemicelluloses over various time periods. The amount of periodate consumed was measured and found to increase over time, leveling off after 120 hours of reaction. The results indicate the hemicelluloses have a linear structure, with some branching detected in the Ceiba pentandra sample. Specifically, the Ceiba pentandra structure contains a mainly linear glucomannan chain, while the Morus nigra contains a linear xylan chain.
Review on Natural Aphrodisiac Plants and its Potential to Treat Sexual Dysfunction in Male Albino Rats
Dinesh K. Dabhadkar*, Varsha Zade**, Ajay Charjan*** and Vaibhao G. Thakare*
ABSTRACT: Iran is a land which was historically attacked by alien natives during its life. The Mogul and Turk natives were always making significant developments including: their attacks and conquers which caused many Iranian people being killed. Among these natives, the Tatar led by commanders like Alagh Beig and Holaku who, unlike Genkhis Khan, were mostly regarding the cultural and scientific issues of Iran. The current research is intended to study comparatively the astronomical works of the Ilkhanian dynasty and those of the Safavid dynasty. Therefore, the astronomical works of different historical eras have been reviewed. The history of astronomy is considered as one of the most interesting scientific subjects of the Ancient Persian and Islamic eras in Iran. With entering Islam into Iran, the astrologists studied the Islamic astrology inspired by the ancient Iranian astrology. Either the astronomical works were observed by the astronomical instruments or they were discovered by them.
Reproductive Health, Population Control and Women’s Sexuality: the Indian Experience
www.researchtrend.net
ABSTRACT: Women’s sexuality has always been viewed in a narrow sense, reducing it into mere reproductive health of future mothers who are expected to give birth to healthy children for the nation’s growth and development. This paper traces the relationship of women’s sexuality and their health and tries to see how it shapes their lives and perspective of well-being. Women’s reproductive health has never been an independent concern except in relation to their reproductive capacities. It focuses on the linkages between women’s choice, autonomy, voices, rights and state health policies imposed on them. This paper also explores the shaping of the ‘motherhood’ imagery used by leaders of so called nation building. It is argued here that women are viewed as mother goddesses and expected to fulfill their motherly roles for nation building rather than acknowledge their existence as an individual having independent choice and rights. The article locates the discourse of sexuality, fertility and population control in pre- and post-independence India and its impact over women’s control of their body, fertility and access to basic health services through larger political debates and policy frameworks.
This document describes a study that used molecular methods including PCR and sequencing of the internal transcribed spacer 1 (ITS1) region to analyze the genetic diversity of anaerobic fungi in the gastrointestinal tracts of buffalo. Total DNA was extracted from rumen samples and the ITS1 region was amplified and sequenced. Sequence analysis of 12 clones showed diversity among the anaerobic fungal isolates. The results indicate that analysis of the ITS1 spacer through molecular techniques is a promising approach for comparing rumen fungal populations and diversity.
This document analyzes the energy usage and CO2 emissions from greenhouse cucumber production in Iran. It finds that total energy input is 163,994 MJ/ha, with 94% from non-renewable sources like diesel fuel (45% of total) and fertilizers. CO2 emissions total 6.8 tons/ha, with diesel fuel responsible for the highest share. The energy efficiency ratio is low at 0.38 and net energy negative, indicating energy is being lost. The study concludes Iranian policy should promote more sustainable energy sources like solar to reduce fossil fuel dependency for greenhouse heating and operations.
ABSTRACT: Lindernia dubia (L.) Pennell American species so far reported in North America, Central America, South America, Taiwan, China, Serbia, Bulgaria, Japan, Canada, Mexico, Cuba, Jamaica, Coata Rica, Panama, Colombia, Bolivia, Venezuela and Brazil. First time reported in India from the Western Ghats of Coimbatore in Tamil Nadu. A detailed description and photograph are provided to facilitate its easy identification.
This document summarizes some of the key ethical issues in genetic engineering and biotechnology. It discusses how biotechnology can impact ethics and how ethics shapes technological development. Some challenges of biotechnology include its potential to impact nature in unintended ways, produce long-term future consequences that are difficult to predict, and change what it means to be human. The document argues that biotechnology's power demands great responsibility and caution to ensure progress is ethical. Careful consideration of social and environmental implications is needed before developing new technologies.
BIRDS DIVERSITY OF SOOTEA BISWANATH ASSAM.ppt.pptxgoluk9330
Ahota Beel, nestled in Sootea Biswanath Assam , is celebrated for its extraordinary diversity of bird species. This wetland sanctuary supports a myriad of avian residents and migrants alike. Visitors can admire the elegant flights of migratory species such as the Northern Pintail and Eurasian Wigeon, alongside resident birds including the Asian Openbill and Pheasant-tailed Jacana. With its tranquil scenery and varied habitats, Ahota Beel offers a perfect haven for birdwatchers to appreciate and study the vibrant birdlife that thrives in this natural refuge.
JAMES WEBB STUDY THE MASSIVE BLACK HOLE SEEDSSérgio Sacani
The pathway(s) to seeding the massive black holes (MBHs) that exist at the heart of galaxies in the present and distant Universe remains an unsolved problem. Here we categorise, describe and quantitatively discuss the formation pathways of both light and heavy seeds. We emphasise that the most recent computational models suggest that rather than a bimodal-like mass spectrum between light and heavy seeds with light at one end and heavy at the other that instead a continuum exists. Light seeds being more ubiquitous and the heavier seeds becoming less and less abundant due the rarer environmental conditions required for their formation. We therefore examine the different mechanisms that give rise to different seed mass spectrums. We show how and why the mechanisms that produce the heaviest seeds are also among the rarest events in the Universe and are hence extremely unlikely to be the seeds for the vast majority of the MBH population. We quantify, within the limits of the current large uncertainties in the seeding processes, the expected number densities of the seed mass spectrum. We argue that light seeds must be at least 103 to 105 times more numerous than heavy seeds to explain the MBH population as a whole. Based on our current understanding of the seed population this makes heavy seeds (Mseed > 103 M⊙) a significantly more likely pathway given that heavy seeds have an abundance pattern than is close to and likely in excess of 10−4 compared to light seeds. Finally, we examine the current state-of-the-art in numerical calculations and recent observations and plot a path forward for near-future advances in both domains.
Mechanisms and Applications of Antiviral Neutralizing Antibodies - Creative B...Creative-Biolabs
Neutralizing antibodies, pivotal in immune defense, specifically bind and inhibit viral pathogens, thereby playing a crucial role in protecting against and mitigating infectious diseases. In this slide, we will introduce what antibodies and neutralizing antibodies are, the production and regulation of neutralizing antibodies, their mechanisms of action, classification and applications, as well as the challenges they face.
This presentation offers a general idea of the structure of seed, seed production, management of seeds and its allied technologies. It also offers the concept of gene erosion and the practices used to control it. Nursery and gardening have been widely explored along with their importance in the related domain.
Sexuality - Issues, Attitude and Behaviour - Applied Social Psychology - Psyc...PsychoTech Services
A proprietary approach developed by bringing together the best of learning theories from Psychology, design principles from the world of visualization, and pedagogical methods from over a decade of training experience, that enables you to: Learn better, faster!
Microbial interaction
Microorganisms interacts with each other and can be physically associated with another organisms in a variety of ways.
One organism can be located on the surface of another organism as an ectobiont or located within another organism as endobiont.
Microbial interaction may be positive such as mutualism, proto-cooperation, commensalism or may be negative such as parasitism, predation or competition
Types of microbial interaction
Positive interaction: mutualism, proto-cooperation, commensalism
Negative interaction: Ammensalism (antagonism), parasitism, predation, competition
I. Mutualism:
It is defined as the relationship in which each organism in interaction gets benefits from association. It is an obligatory relationship in which mutualist and host are metabolically dependent on each other.
Mutualistic relationship is very specific where one member of association cannot be replaced by another species.
Mutualism require close physical contact between interacting organisms.
Relationship of mutualism allows organisms to exist in habitat that could not occupied by either species alone.
Mutualistic relationship between organisms allows them to act as a single organism.
Examples of mutualism:
i. Lichens:
Lichens are excellent example of mutualism.
They are the association of specific fungi and certain genus of algae. In lichen, fungal partner is called mycobiont and algal partner is called
II. Syntrophism:
It is an association in which the growth of one organism either depends on or improved by the substrate provided by another organism.
In syntrophism both organism in association gets benefits.
Compound A
Utilized by population 1
Compound B
Utilized by population 2
Compound C
utilized by both Population 1+2
Products
In this theoretical example of syntrophism, population 1 is able to utilize and metabolize compound A, forming compound B but cannot metabolize beyond compound B without co-operation of population 2. Population 2is unable to utilize compound A but it can metabolize compound B forming compound C. Then both population 1 and 2 are able to carry out metabolic reaction which leads to formation of end product that neither population could produce alone.
Examples of syntrophism:
i. Methanogenic ecosystem in sludge digester
Methane produced by methanogenic bacteria depends upon interspecies hydrogen transfer by other fermentative bacteria.
Anaerobic fermentative bacteria generate CO2 and H2 utilizing carbohydrates which is then utilized by methanogenic bacteria (Methanobacter) to produce methane.
ii. Lactobacillus arobinosus and Enterococcus faecalis:
In the minimal media, Lactobacillus arobinosus and Enterococcus faecalis are able to grow together but not alone.
The synergistic relationship between E. faecalis and L. arobinosus occurs in which E. faecalis require folic acid
MICROBIAL INTERACTION PPT/ MICROBIAL INTERACTION AND THEIR TYPES // PLANT MIC...
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1. Biological Forum – An International Journal 6(2): 77-81(2014)
ISSN No. (Print): 0975-1130
ISSN No. (Online): 2249-3239
Oribatid mite (Acari: Oribatida) fauna of Konkan, Maharashtra, India
with New distributional records
Shelley Acharya and Paramita Basu
Zoological Survey of India, M-Block,
New Alipore, Kolkata, (West Bengal) India
(Corresponding author: Shelley Acharya)
(Received 08 July, 2014, Accepted 01September, 2014)
ABSTRACT: The present work deals with a Collection of soil oribatid mites from some selected habitat
of five districts of Konkan Region of the Maharashtra state. 21species under 20 genera belonging to 14
families of soil oribatid mites were found from the present investigation. As this region is totally
unexplored all the species found are supposed to be new records from the state with 3 new records to
India.
Key words: Konkan region, New Distributional Records, Oribatid mites
INTRODUCTION
Although tiny themselves, mites belong to most
impressive lineage of animals, the arthropods. They
are ubiquitous in every sort of aquatic, terrestrial,
arboreal and parasitic habitat but, being among the
smallest arthropods, even those inhabiting well
studied systems are often overlooked. It is estimated
that there are about 9000 species of soil oribatid mites
belonging to 800 genera are presently known from the
world.
When compared the state Maharashtra is so far
known to comprise only 4 Oribatid species belonging
to 3 genera and 2 families as against 2186 species
belonging to 643 genera and 207 families reported
from India.Narsapur (1983) made the first record of
Oribatid mite from Maharashtra from the soils of the
state. Later Sanyal (1984) studied soil mites of
Maharashtra and published one paper containing
description of two new species. No work has been
done on soil oribatid mites after that.
The present paper is based on a Collection of soil
oribatid mites from the Konkan region of the state
Maharashtra. An account of 21 species under 20
genera belonging to 15 families is provided here with
diagnostic characters and details of collection. The
oribatid fauna of this region is practically unexplored
and the present account will form a basis for future
research on this group from the area. As this region is
totally untouched all the species found are supposed
to be new records from the state and 3 are new
records to India.
Konkan division is one of the six administrative
divisions of Maharashtra state in India. It comprises
the Konkan region, which occupies the entire west
coast of Maharashtra. The two districts in the state
capital Mumbai also fall in Konkan division. The
total area comprises 30,746 km2 and districts
Mumbai, Mumbai Suburban, Raigad, Ratnagiri,
Sindhudurg and Thane. Collections were made from
soil and litter from different habitats.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
For taxonomic studies of oribatid mites, litter, soil
and humus samples from all possible habitats were
collected. The samples Collected by shovel from
upper 10 cm soil profile were kept in polythene bags.
The samples were extracted by using modified
Tullgren funnels and extracted mite specimens were
collected in glass tubes containing 70% alcohol.
The body of most of the oribatid mite is heavily
sclerotized and opaque. The extracted material were
made ready for taxonomic study following the usual
procedure of keeping the specimen in solution of 90%
alcohol and lactic acid (v/v) as advocated by Balogh
(1965). For microscopic observations, Balogh’s
(1965) method of temporary mounting in lactic acid
was followed. After necessary microscopic
observations the specimen was transferred in small
glass vials containing 90% alcohol. The vials were
then properly labelled and stored.
The specimens were studied under Nikon Eclipse, 50i
microscope .In this study, the classification proposed
by Balogh (1972) has been followed.
All specimens are deposited in the National
Zoological Collections of Zoological Survey of India,
Hqs.
Study Area: The districts of Konkan Region
(Marked in red) of Maharashtra were surveyed.
2. Acharya and Basu 78
RESULTS
SYSTEMATIC ACCOUNT
1. Family: PHTHIRACARIDAE Perty, 1841
1. Genus: Hoplophorella Berlese,1923
1923. Hoplophorella Berlese, Redia, 25: 260.
1. Hoplophorella scapellata Aoki, 1965
1965. Hoplophorella scapellata Aoki, Nat. Life
Southeast Asia, 4:131.
Material Examined: 1♂ , Varsoli Sea Beach, Raigad,
Maharashtra, 21.ix.2013 from soil & litter, Coll. S.
Acharya, 4979/17/ZSIHQ.
Distribution: India: West Bengal, Bihar, Manipur.
Remarks: The species is recorded for the first time
from Maharashtra.
2. Family: ORIBOTRITIIDAE Grandjean, 1954
2. Genus: Indotritia Jacot, 1929 (= Otibotritia,Jacot,
1924)
1924. Indotritia Jacot, Journ. N. Chim. Branch Roy.
As. Soc., 55:78-83
1929. Indotritia Jacot, Psyche, 35: 213-215.
2. Indotritia sp.
Material Examined: 1♂, Ganapatipule Temple,
Ratnagiri, Maharashtra, 25.ix.2013 from Soil and
Litter, Coll. S. Acharya, 4980/17/ZSI HQ.
Remarks: The genus is recorded for the first time
from Maharashtra.
3. Family: LOHMANIDAE Berlese, 1916
3. Genus: Annectacarus Grandjean, 1950
1950. Annectacarus Grandjean, Arch. Zool. exp. gen.
Paris, 87:131
3. Annectacarus sp.
Material Examined: 1♂, Aareycolony, Mumbai,
Maharashtra, 13.ix.2013 from Soil & Litter, Coll. S.
Acharya, 4962/17/ZSI HQ.
Remarks: The genus is recorded for the first time
from Maharashtra.
4. Genus: Heptacarus Piffl,1963
1963. Heptacarus Piffl, Anz. Akad. Wiss. Wien,
9:162-169
4. Heptacarus neotropicus Mahunka, 1985
1985. Heptacarus neotropicus Mahunka, Revue
Suisse de Zoologie, 92(1) 1985: 119-144.
Material Examined: 1♂, Aareycolony, Mumbai,
Maharashtra, 13.ix.2013 from Soil & Litter, Coll.
S. Acharya, 4962/17/ZSI HQ.
Remarks: The species is recorded for the first time to
India.
5. Genus: Javacarus Balogh,1961
1961. Javacarus Balogh, Acta. Zool. Acad. Sci.
Hung., 7: 24
3. Acharya and Basu 79
5. Javacarus sp.
Material Examined: 1♂, Basari Village, Ratnagiri,
Maharashtra, 25.ix.2013 from Soil & Litter, Coll. S.
Acharya,4981/17ZSI HQ ;1♀ , Varsoli Sea Beach,
Raigad, Maharashtra, 21.ix.2013 from soil & litter,
Coll. S. Acharya, 4982/17 ; 1♀, Nagaon Village,
Raigad, Maharashtra, 17.ix.2013 from Soil & Litter,
Coll. S. Acharya,4983/17/ZSIHQ.
4. Family: TRHYPOCHTHONIDAE Willman,1931
6. Genus: Allonothrus Van der Hammen,1953
1953. Allonothrus Hammen, Proc. Acad. Sci. Amst.,
56C: 244.
6. Allonothrus russeolus russeolus Wallwork, 1960
1960. Allonothrus russeolus Wall work Acarologia,
2(4): 571
Material Examined: 1♂, Nagaon Village, Raigad,
Maharashtra, 22.ix.2013 from Soil and Litter, Coll.
S. Acharya, 4961/17/ZSIHQ.
Distribution: India: West Bengal, Assam.
Remarks: The species is recorded for the first time
from Maharashtra.
5. Family: GYMNODAMAEIDAE Grandjean, 1954
7. Genus: Gymnodamaeus Kulczynski, 1902
(=Plesiodamaeus Grandjean, 1954)
1954.Plesiodamaeus Grandjean, Bull. Soc. zool.
France, 78: 421-446.
7. Gymnodamaeus glaber (Mihelčič, 1957)
(=Plesiodamaeus glaber Mihelčič, 1957)
1957. Plesiodamaeus glaber Mihelcic, Zool. Anz.,
159: 41-68.
Material Examined: 2♂, Ratnagiri Fort, Ratnagiri,
Maharashtra, 25.ix.2013 from Soil and Litter, Coll. S.
Acharya,4992/17/ZSIHQ; 1 ♂, Majiwara, Thane,
Maharashtra, 16.ix.2013 from Soil and litter, Coll. S.
Acharya, 4993/17/ZSIHQ.
Remarks: The species is recorded for the first time to
India.
6. Family: MICROZETIDAE Grandjean, 1936
8. Genus: Orthozetes Balogh, 1962
1962. Orthozetes Balogh, Opusc. Zool. Budapest, 4:
35-38.
8.Orthozetes dispar Balogh, 1962
1962. Orthozetes Balogh, Opusc. Zool. Budapest, 4:
35-38.
Material Examined: 1♂, Ratnagiri Fort, Ratnagiri,
Maharashtra, 25.ix.2013 from Soil and Litter, Coll. S.
Acharya, 4990/17/ZSIHQ.
Remarks: The species is recorded for the first time to
India.
7. Family: EREMOBELBIDAE Balogh,1961
9. Genus: Eremobelba Berlese, 1908s
1908. Eremobelba Berlese, Redia, 5(1): 9.
9. Eremobelba sp.
Material Examined: 3♂, Basari Village, Ratnagiri,
Maharashtra, 25.ix.2013 from Soil & Litter, Coll. S.
Acharya,4965/17ZSI HQ.
Remarks: The genus is recorded for the first time
from Maharashtra.
8. Family: BASILOBELBIDAE Balogh,1961
10. Genus: Basilobelba Balogh, 1958
1958. Basilobelba Balogh, Rev. Zool. Bot.Afr.,58 : 9.
10. Basilobelba sp.
Material Examined: 1♂, Dadar Railway Colony,
Mumbai, Maharashtra, 13.ix.2013 from soil
and litter, Coll. S Acharya,4963/17/ZSIHQ.
Remarks: The genus is recorded for the first time
from Maharashtra.
9. Family: TECTOCEPHEIDAE Grandjean,1954
11. Genus: Tectocepheus Berlese,1896
1896. Tectocepheus Berlese, Acari Myriopoda et
Scorpioneshucusque in Italia reperta.Ordo
Cruptostigmata (Oribatidae. (Cryptostigmata II).
Portici.
11.Tectocepheus velatus (Michael,1880)
1880. Tectocepheus velatus (Michael), Journ. Roy.
Micr. Soc., 3(2): 190
Material Examined: 1♂, Basari Village, Ratnagiri,
Maharashtra, 25.ix.2013 from Soil & Litter, Coll. S.
Acharya, 5029/17ZSI HQ; 1♂, Kihim Village,
Raigad, Maharashtra, 22.ix.2013 from Soil and litter,
Coll. S. Acharya,5030/17/ZSIHQ.
Distribution: India: West Bengal, Orissa, Bihar,
Himachal Pradesh, Sikkim.
Remarks: The species is recorded for the first time
from Maharashtra.
10. Family: OPPIIDAE Grandjean, 1951
12. Genus: Brachioppiella Hammer, 1962
1962. Brachioppiella Hammer, Biol. Skr. Dan. Vid.
Selsk., 13: 1-17.
12.Brachioppiella periculosa Hammer,1962
1962. Brachioppiella Hammer, Biol. Skr. Dan. Vid.
Selsk.,13: 1-17.
Material Examined: 1♂, Aarey colony, Mumbai,
Maharashtra, 13.ix.2013 from Soil and Litter, Coll.
S. Acharya, 4964/17/ZSI HQ.
Distribution: Uttarakhand. Remarks: The species is
recorded for the first time from Maharashtra.
13. Genus: Multioppia Hammer, 1961
1961. Multioppia Hammer, Biol. Skr. Dan. Vid.
Selsk., 13(1): 61.
13. Multioppia stellifera Hammer, 1961
1961. Mulotioppia stellifera Hammer, Biol. Skr. Dan.
Vid. Selsk., 13(1):63.
Material Examined: 1♂, Kihim Village, Raigad,
Maharashtra, 22.ix.2013 from Soil and litter, Coll. S.
Acharya,5030/17/ZSIHQ.
4. Acharya and Basu 80
Distribution: India: West Bengal, Uttar Pradesh.
Remarks: The species is recorded for the first time
from Maharashtra.
14. Genus Oppia Koch, 1836
1836. Oppia Koch, Deutschlands crustaceen,
Myriapoden und Arachniden, 1-9.
14. Lasiobelba kuehnelti (Csiszar, 1961) (= Oppia
kuehnelti Csiszar, 1961)
1961. Oppia kuehnelti Csiszar, Acta zool. Hung.,7:
345-366.
Material Examined: 1♂, Nagaon Village, Raigad,
Maharashtra, 22.ix.2013 from Soil and Litter, Coll. S.
Acharya, 4989/17/ZSIHQ.
Distribution: West Bengal, Assam, Kerala, Tripura,
Sikkim, Manipur, Gujarat, Arunachal Pradesh,
Mizoram.
Remarks: The species is recorded for the first time
from Maharashtra.
11. Family: ORIBATELLIDAE Jacot, 1925
15. Genus: Lamellobates Hammer, 1958
1958. Lamellobates Hammer, Biol. Skr. Dan. Vid.
Selsk., 10(1): 100.
15. Lamellobates palustris Hammer, 1958
1958. Lamellobates palustris Hammer, Biol. Skr.
Dan. Vid. Selsk., 10(1): 100.
Material Examined: 5♂ Ratnagiri Fort, Ratnagiri,
Maharashtra, 25.ix.2013 from Soil and Litter Coll. S.
Acharya, 4984/17/ZSIHQ; 1♂, Basari Village,
Ratnagiri, Maharashtra, 25.ix.2013from Soil and
Litter, Coll. S. Acharya, 4985/17/ZSIHQ; 1♂,
Majiwara, Thane, Maharashtra, 16.ix.2013 from Soil
and litter, Coll. S. Acharya, 4986/17/ZSIHQ; 2♂,
Kihim Village, Raigad, Maharashtra, 22.ix.2013from
Soil and litter, Coll. S. Acharya, 4987/17/ZSIHQ.
Distribution: West Bengal, Bihar, Tripura, Uttar
Pradesh.
Remarks: The species is recorded for the first time
from Maharashtra.
12. Family: SCHELORIBATIDAE Jacot, 1935
16. Genus: Scheloribates Berlese, 1908
1908. Scheloribates Berlese, Redia, 5: 2.
16. Scheloribates curvialatus Hammer, 1961
1961. Scheloribates curvialatus Hammer, Biol. Skr.
Dan Vid. Selsk., 21(4):35.
Material Examined: 1♂, Nagaon Village, Raigad,
Maharashtra, 22.ix.2013 from Soil and Litter, Coll. S.
Acharya, 5015/17/ZSIHQ; 1♀, Varsoli Sea Beach,
Raigad, Maharashtra, 21.ix.2013 from soil and litter,
Coll. S. Acharya, 5016/17/ZSIHQ; 2♂, Mahakali
Cave, Andheri, Mumbai, Maharashtra, 15.ix. 2013
from Soil and Litter, Coll. S. Acharya,
5017/17/ZSIHQ; 5♂, Ratnagiri Fort, Ratnagiri,
Maharashtra, 25.ix.2013 from Soil and Litter, Coll. S.
Acharya, 5018/17;1♂, Aarey Colony, Andheri
Mumbai, Maharashtra, 13.ix.2013 from Soil & litter,
Coll. S Acharya; 5019/17/ZSIHQ; 3♂, Basari
Village, Ratnagiri, Maharashtra, 25.ix.2013 from Soil
and Litter, Coll. S. Acharya, 5020/17/ZSIHQ.
Distribution: West Bengal, Himachal Pradesh, Uttar
Pradesh.
Remarks: The species is recorded for the first time
from Maharashtra.
17. Scheloribates huancayensis Hammer, 1961
1961. Scheloribates huancayensis Hammer, Biol. Skr.
Dan Vid. Selsk., 21(4):35.
Material Examined: 45 ♂ , Nagaon Village, Raigad,
Maharashtra, 22.ix.2013 from Soil and Litter, Coll. S.
Acharya, 5022/17/ZSIHQ; 4♂ Varsoli Sea Beach,
Raigad, Maharashtra, 21.ix.2013 from soil and litter,
Coll. S. Acharya, 5023/17/ZSIHQ; 8♂, Kurla
drainage area, Andheri, Mumbai, Maharashtra,
14.ix.2013 from Soil and Litter, Coll. S. Acharya,
5024/17/ZSIHQ; 8♂, Basari Village, Ratnagiri,
Maharashtra, 25.ix.2013 from Soil and litter,
5025/17/ZSIHQ.
Distribution: West Bengal, Assam, Himachal
Pradesh.
Remarks: The species is recorded for the first time
from Maharashtra.
13. Family: HAPLOZETIDAE Grandjean, 1936
17. Genus: Trachyoribates Berlese, 1908
1908. Trachyoribates Berlese, Redia, 5(1): 3.
18. Trachyoribates (Rostrozetes) ovulum Berlese
(= Rostrozetes foveolatus Sellnick, 1925)
1908. Trachyoribates (Rostrozetes) ovulum Berlese,
Redia, 5(1): 3.
Material Examined: Ratnagiri Fort 21♂ Ratnagiri
Fort, Ratnagiri, Maharashtra, 25.ix.2013 from
Soil and Litter, Coll. S. Acharya, 5006/17/ZSIHQ;
1♂, Ganapatipule Temple, Ratnagiri, Maharashtra,
25.ix.2013 from Soil and Litter, Coll. S. Acharya,
5007/17/ZSIHQ;1 ♂, Nagaon Village, Raigad,
Maharashtra, 22.ix.2013 from Soil and Litter, Coll. S.
Acharya, 5008/17/ZSIHQ; 3♂, D.F.O. Office Area,
Thane, Maharashtra, 19.ix.2013 from Soil and Litter,
S. Acharya, 5009/17/ZSIHQ; 2♂, Basari Village,
Ratnagiri, Maharashtra, 25.ix.2013 from Soil and
litter, 5010/17/ZSIHQ; 2♂, Kihim Village, Raigad,
Maharashtra, 22.ix.2013 from Soil and litter, Coll. S
Acharya, 5011/17/ZSIHQ; 1♂, Aarey Colony,
Andheri Mumbai, Maharashtra, 13.ix.2013 from Soil
and litter, Coll. S Acharya; 5012/17/ZSIHQ; 1♂,
Basari Village, Ratnagiri, Maharashtra,
25.ix.2013from Soil and litter, 5013/17/ZSIHQ; 1♂,
Kopri Pole Area, Thane, Maharashtra, 17.ix.2013
from Soil and Litter, Coll. Dr. S.
Acharya,5014/17/ZSIHQ.
Distribution: West Bengal, Bihar, Tripura, Himachal
Pradesh.
Remarks: The species is recorded for the first time
from Maharashtra.
19. Setoxylobates foveolatus Balogh & Mahunka
1967. Setoxylobates Balogh and Mahunka, Acta Zool.
Acad. Sci. Hung., 23(1-2):59.
18. Genus Setoxylobates Balogh & Mahunka 1967.
Setoxylobates Balogh and Mahunka, Acta Zool.
Acad. Sci. Hung., 23(1-2): 59.
5. Acharya and Basu 81
Material Examined :3♂ , Ganapatipule Temple,
Ratnagiri, Maharashtra, 25.ix.2013 from Soil and
Litter, Coll. S. Acharya,5026/17/ZSIHQ; 1♂, Aarey
Colony, Andheri Mumbai, Maharashtra, 13.ix.2013
from Soil and litter, Coll. S Acharya;
5027/17/ZSIHQ; 3♂, Ganapatipule Temple,
Ratnagiri, Maharashtra, 25.ix.2013 from Soil &
Litter, Coll. S. Acharya, 5028/17/ZSIHQ .
Distribution: West Bengal, Tripura.
Remarks: The species is recorded for the first time
from Maharashtra.
19. Genus: Protoribates Berlese
1908. Protoribates Berlese, Redia, 5:1-15.
20. Protoribates (P.) magnus (Aoki, 1982)
(=Xylobates magnus Aoki, 1982)
1982. Xylobates magnus Aoki, Bull. Inst. Sci. Tech.
YokohamaNatn.Univ.8:173-188.
Material Examined:4 ♂, Nagaon Village, Raigad,
Maharashtra, 22.ix.2013 from Soil and Litter, Coll. S.
Acharya,4994/17/ZSIHQ ; 11♂, Kurla drainage area,
Andheri, Mumbai, Maharashtra, 14.ix.2013 from
Soil and Litter, Coll. S. Acharya, 4995/17/ZSIHQ; 1
♂, Dadar Railway Colony, Mumbai,
Maharashtra,13.ix.2013 from soil and litter, Coll. S.
Acharya, 4996/17;1♂, Aarey Colony,
Andheri Mumbai, Maharashtra, 13.ix.2013 from Soil
and litter, Coll. S. Acharya; 4997/17/ZSIHQ; 6 ♂
Dadar Nursery Area, Mumbai,
Maharashtra,14.ix.2013 from Soil and Litter, Coll. S.
Acharya, 4998/17/ZSIHQ; 4♂, Mandavgaon,
Raigad, Maharashtra, 22.ix.2013 from soil and litter,
Coll. S. Acharya,4999/17/ZSIHQ; 39 ♂ Varsoli Sea
Beach, Raigad, Maharashtra, 21.ix.2013 from soil
and litter, Coll. S. Acharya, 5000/17/ZSIHQ; 4♂,
Mahakali Cave, Andheri, Mumbai, Maharashtra,
15.ix.2013 from Soil and Litter, Coll. S.
Acharya, 5001/17/ZSIHQ; 14♂, Kihim Village,
Raigad, Maharashtra, 22.ix.2013 from Soil and litter,
Coll. S. Acharya, 5002/17/ZSIHQ; 1♂, Brindavan
Village, Thane, Maharashtra, 16.ix.2015 from Soil
and litter, Coll. S. Acharya, 5003/17/ZSIHQ;4 ♂
Varsoli Sea Beach, Raigad, Maharashtra, 21.ix.2013
from soil and litter, Coll. S. Acharya,
5004/17/ZSIHQ;1 ♂, Nagaon Village, Raigad,
Maharashtra, 22.ix.2013 from Soil and Litter, Coll. S.
Acharya, 5005/17/ZSIHQ.
Distribution: Himachal Pradesh
Remarks: The species is recorded for the first time
from Maharashtra.
14. Family: GALUMNIDAE Jacot, 1925
20. Genus Galumna (Galumna) Heyden
1826. Galumna (Galumna) Heyden, Isis Oken, 18:
611.
21. Galumna sp.
Material Examined: 3♂, Ganapatipule Temple,
Ratnagiri, Maharashtra, 25.ix.2013 from Soil and
Litter, Coll. S. Acharya, 4966/17/ZSIHQ ;1♂, Aarey
Colony, Andheri Mumbai, Maharashtra, 13.ix.2013
from Soil and litter, Coll. S. Acharya;
4967/17/ZSIHQ, 7♂ Ratnagiri Fort, Ratnagiri,
Maharashtra, 25.ix.2013 from Soil and Litter, Coll.S.
Acharya, 4968/17/ZSIHQ; 7 ♂, Nagaon Village,
Raigad, Maharashtra, 22.ix.2013 from Soil & Litter,
Coll. S. Acharya, 4969/17/ZSIHQ ; 4♂,
Mandavgaon, Raigad, Maharashtra, 22.ix.2013
from soil & litter, Coll. S. Acharya, 4970/17/ZSIHQ;
2♂, Kudal Village, Sawantwari, Sindhudurg,
Maharashtra, 28.ix.2013from Soil and litter, Coll. S.
Acharya,4971/17/ZSIHQ; 1 ♂, Kalyan, Thane,
Maharashtra,12.ix.2013`from Soil & Litter, Coll. S.
Acharya, 4972/17/ZSIHQ;1♂, Basari Village,
Ratnagiri, Maharashtra, 25.ix.2013from Soil and
litter, 4973/17/ZSIHQ;1 ♂, Majiwara, Thane,
Maharashtra,16.ix.2013 from Soil and litter,Coll. S.
Acharya,4974/17; 1♂, Mahakali Cave, Andheri,
Mumbai, Maharashtra, 15.ix.2013 from Soil and
Litter, Coll. S. Acharya, 4975/17/ZSIHQ; 8♂,
Kihim Village, Raigad, Maharashtra, 22.ix.2013from
Soil and litter, Coll. S. Acharya, 4976/17/ZSIHQ.
Remarks: The genus is recorded for the first time
from Maharashtra.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The authors are grateful to Dr. K. Venkataraman,
Director, Zoological Survey of India, Kolkata, for
providing research facilities and encouragements.
Authors are also grateful to Dr. A.K. Sanyal,
Emeritus Scientist, Zoological Survey of India,
Kolkata, for his kind help and valuable suggestions.
REFERENCES
Balogh, J. (1972). The Oribatid Genera of the World.
Akademiai Kiado, Budapest, Hungary. pp.
188.
Balogh, J. (1965). A synopsis of the world Oribatid
(Acari)genera. Acta. Zool. Hung., 11:5-99.
Narsapur, V.S. (1983). Studies on the biology of
Scheloribates laevigatus (Acari: Oribatei) in
India, Indian J. Acar., 81(1): 44-48.
Sanyal, A.K. (1984). Description of two new species
and one new record of Cryptostigmatid
mites (Acari: Oribatei) from Maharashtra,
India. J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Society, 81(1):
151-155.