The document describes different methods of communication over the internet including email, chat, voice over IP (VoIP), and video conferencing. E-mail can be used for communication between individuals or groups. Chat options include MSN Messenger. Voice calls can be placed over the internet using VoIP technology instead of traditional phone lines. Video conferencing allows for face-to-face communication online through programs and webcams.

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1-
VDO Conference
E-mail
E-mail E-mail
E-mail (
)
( )
E-mail Server
( )
Chat
Chat
MSN Messenger
IP
Voice over IP “VoIP”
VoIP

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VoIP 3
1. ( PC to PC )
PC sound card IP PC
IP-enabled telephones
software IP telephony
2. ( PC to Phone )
IP Voice trunks
voice packet PC
3. ( Telephony )
Packet

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(PSTN) PSTN
gateway
2 - Voice over IP (VoIP)
VoIP IP
VoIP
IP
(Internet Protocol) Packet
Address IP Address IP Address IP
Address Packet Packet
Router DATAGRAM
Packet "
"

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Packet Packet
IP
VoIP
Voice over IP (VoIP)
VoIP-Voice Over IP “VoIP Gateway”
(IP) (Router)
(delay)
(Router)
(Quality of Service : QoS)
Voice over IP (VoIP) 2
packet-switched IP network.
VoIP
VoIP

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VoIP ... SME (Small/Medium
Enterprise) ISP (Internet Service Provider) SME
Leased Line, Frame
Relay, ISDN E1/T1
VoIP
Data Network
-
ISP VoIP
ISP VoIP
Internet
Value Added Services
3- VoIP
Standard of VoIP Technology
VoIP 2
... H.323 SIP
“Call Control Technologies” VoIP
H.323 Standard
H.323
Internet Protocol (IP) H.323
H.323
H.323

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H.323 ITU-T (International Telecommunications Union)
Standard
H.323
Multimedia Conferencing LAN
VoIP
H.323 Point-to-Point Communications
Multi-Point Conferences
Vendors (Inter-
Operate) H.323
SIP (Session Initiation Protocol) Standard
SIP VoIP SIP
IP
VoIP SIP...
SIP IETF Standard
VoIP
SIP Application Layer Control Protocol
(Creating), (Modifying) (Terminating) Session
SIP Client-Server Protocol
Reliability

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How VoIP Works…
VoIP
VoIP
IP
Internet Protocol (IP)
Internet Protocol IP Internet
IP ...
•
• Internet
•
• Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)
TCP
• IP Connectionless Protocol
(Connection)
IP
VoIP ...
Conversion to PCM (Pulse Code Modulation)
Analog Digital
PCM

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Removal of Echo
Echo
DSP (Digital Signal Processors)
Framing
Frame
CODEC
Frame
Packetisation
Frame Packet
Header Packet Header
Sequence Number Time Stamp Packet Host Processor
Address and Delivery

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Packet
IP Address
Conversion to Analog
IP Address Header Packet Packet
Header Voice Frame
Digital PCM Analog
Error Correction
VoIP 4
2.1 Voice Processing module
IP DSP
(Digital Signal Processing) Voice Processing module

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2.1.1 PCM Interface
( ) telephony (PCM) interface VoIP Software module
PCM Interface analog
interface Analog
Digital
2.1.2 Echo Cancellation Unit
full duplex ITU G.165 G.168 echo cancellation
1 VoIP 50 ms
2.1.3 Voice Activity/Idle Noise Detector
Packet
voice encoder
(idle noise)
"comfortable noise"
2.1.4 Tone Detector
DTMF tones (Dial Tone Multi-Frequency; tones
touch tone pad)
2.1.5 Tone Generator
DTMF tones call progress tones (OS)
2.1.6 Facsimile Processing module
Stimulate PCM
Packet
2.1.7 Packet Voice Protocol module
Packet Packet Packet

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2.1.8 Voice Playout module Packet
1 Block diagram Voice Processing Module
2 ( DSP )

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2.2 The Call Processing module
signaling gateway call Packet support
E&M (Ear & Mouth Signaling; PBX CO ,
) loop, Call Processing module
protocol H.323
2.2.1 interface
2.2.2 (terminate signaling protocols
E&M)
2.2.3 (session) Packet
IP address (dialing) 2
(1) single stage
(2) two stage VoIP gateway
2.3 Packet Processing module
Packet transport headers Packet
IP ( Packet ) telephony protocol
packet signaling protocol
VoIP protocol H.323
(1) Terminal client H.323
PC IP
Gateway
(2) Gatekeeper address
IP , terminal ,
bandwidth Packet

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Multipoint Control Unit (MCU)
terminal
2.3.1 Procedures H.323
Audio Codecs
G.711 PCM
G.722 7kHz audio coding 64kb/s
G.723.1 dual rate speech coders multimedia 5.3 6.3 kb/s
G.728 Coding 16 kb/s Linear prediction
G.729 Coding 16 kb/s conjugate-structure algebraic code excite linear
prediction
Video codes
H.261 Coding p*64 kb/s
H.263 Coding bit rate
Data conferencing
H.120 Data protocol multimedia conferencing
Control
H.245 message channel media stream (command),
(request), (indication)
H.225.0 message (call control)
(signaling), (registration admission) Packet
(packetization/synchronization of media
stream)
Real time transport
RTP/RTCP IETF RFC1889
Security
H.235 Encryptions
H.323
Supplementary Services
H.450.1

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H.450.2 450.3
2.3.2 H.323 Terminal
2.4 Network management
TCP/IP
Packet H.323 router
2.4.1 TOS header IP Protocol high Packet
Packet Packet
Packet
1) FIFO ( First in First Out) Packet -

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2) WFQ (Weighted Fair Queuing) service
service
3) CQ (Custom Queuing) Packet
4) PQ(Priority Queuing) 1
5) CB-WFQ (Class Based Weighted Fair Queuing) WQF
class bandwidth
class
2.4.2 bandwidth terminal bandwidth
Bandwidth download upload
2.4.3 RED (Random Early
Detection)

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4 - VoIP
VoIP
VoIP
VoIP
VoIP
1. (Cost Savings)
LAN WAN
PSTN
2. Site
VPN VoIP
3.
4. VoIP
“Virtual” User
5. (Reduce Operating Expenses)
VoIP
6. (Increase Productivity)
(Conference Call)
7. PDA

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VoIP
8. (Improved Level of Services)
VoIP “Click-to-talk”
Application VoIP
1. PBX to PBX Connection
• 2 PBX
PBX
• Users Dial-out PSTN
PBX
2. Long Line PBX Extension

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• PBX PBX
• PBX PBX
3. Teleworker/ Local Access
• Remote User

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VoIP
4. Service Provider CPE
• ... ISP VoIP
... VoIP
VoIP

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5- VoIP
Voice over IP
Voice over IP
,
200,000
Voice over IP
( )
Net2Phone Vonage Voice over IP
Skype
100
Voice over IP
85,000 15 - 35
42 70%
1,000 2 3
20%
, , ,
Voice over IP
Voice over IP
100
1950
Voice over IP

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Voice over IP
12
, ,
(Internetworking Protocol: IP)
VoIP (IP Telephony)
2
VoIP
3 10
VoIP
4 Network
5
VoIP
VoIP