This summary provides an overview of the key points from the document: The document discusses the Supreme Court case Gideon v. Wainwright, which established that states are required under the Sixth Amendment to provide legal counsel to criminal defendants who cannot afford an attorney. It summarizes the facts of the case, in which Clarence Earl Gideon was denied legal representation and subsequently convicted, and the Supreme Court's ruling that Gideon's conviction was unconstitutional since he did not have legal counsel. The case set the precedent that all criminal defendants have the right to an attorney regardless of their ability to pay.

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How the Court Address or Respect our Rights as Citizens Part 1
How the Court Address or Respect our Rights as Citizens Part 1
a. Summary of Case
Gideon vs. wainwright remains to be one of the most infamous
supreme court cases in Judicia history. This Supreme Court case
declared that defendants charged with a felony must be provided
with a court-appointed attorney by the States. Initially, the
Litigation was known as Gideon v. Cochran, but when it
reached the Supreme Court, the title changed to Gideon vs.
wainwright (Oyez, 2018). This happened due to the replacement
of the director of Florida's Division of Corrections from
Cochran to Louie Lee Wainwright.
The case commenced when Clarence Earl Gideon was in 1961
charged with a felony for purportedly burgling a Pool Hall in
Panama City, FL, and stole some money. Gideon was a poor
man, and during his first trial, he requested the Court to appoint
an attorney who would represent him. Gideons requests were
refuted despite not having the capacity to select a lawyer for
himself. The prosecutors had witnesses who had seen Gideon at
the crime scene. However, he had not been seen committing the
crime (Oyez, 2018). The court ruling sentenced Gideon to five
years imprisonment despite the lack of concrete evidence.
Gideon considered the detention as unjust and filed a petition to

2. the Florida Supreme court. His claims in the petition were that
he did not have an attorney general to defend him during the
trial, which made it unconstitutional.
Gideon's petition for a writ of habeas corpus from the Supreme
Court of Florida was accepted. The judicial system had denied
Gideon his 6th amendment rights. In 1963, the case was
reassessed, and the Supreme Court ruled out that the judgment
that had earlier been made to Gideon was unconstitutional
(Greenberg & Page, 2018). The Court ruled that all defendants
need to have the assistance of Counsel in their defense, and
Gideon was thus set free.
b. Case Outline
1. Title: Gideon vs. wainwright (1963)
2. Facts of the Case
Clarence Earl Gideon was an eighth-grade dropout who had run
away from home when he was in the middle class. He was a
drifter who spent most of his time in and out of prison. He was
charged with a lawful offense of breaking into a Pool room in
Florida (Oyez, 2018). He appeared in Court without legal
Counsel and requested the Court to appoint one for him. His
request was denied. Back then, a lawyer would only be given to
an indigent offender in capital cases. The defendant was forced
to represent himself in Court, where he was found guilty and
sentenced to five years in prison (Oyez, 2018). Clarence Earl
Gideon appealed his case again to the Supreme Court of the
United States. The case was reviewed and resolved.
3. History of the case
Clarence Earl Gideon was found guilty and was sentenced to
five years in prison (Oyez, 2018).
4. Legal Questions
The Court needed to determine whether Clarence Earl Gideon
was guilty or innocent. If found guilty, the Court would decide
the number of years that Gideon required to be imprisoned. The
Supreme Court of the United States had an excellent task of
determining whether Gideon's conviction was unconstitutional
or constitutional. Also, the Supreme Court had to determine

3. whether a poor accused defendant should be given Legal
Counsel to represent them in Court.
5. Decision or Holdings
The Supreme Court serves justice to the defendant by making
the final decision. In Gideon's case, the Supreme Court served
justice after being abused by the judicial system and denied his
6th amendment rights (Rappaport, 2017). The judicial system in
Florida had not done an adequate job in upholding the law,
which put the American man at considerable risk. From the
Supreme Court ruling, every poor person who cannot afford a
legal representative should be allocated one by the Court.
6. Verdict and Opinion
The Supreme Court heard the oral arguments for Gideon vs.
wainwright on January 15, 1963. Abe Fortas, the attorney of
Gideon, provided that no defendant, regardless of their
competence level, could or should give good self-representation
before the court (Greenberg & Page, 2018). After two months,
on March 18, 1938, Fortas' claim was accepted by the Supr eme
Court. The Supreme Court declared that state courts must
guarantee the right to counsel.
c. Conclusion
Gideon was convicted of committing a lawful burglary at the
Bay Harbor Pool Room in Panama City, Florida. He was a semi -
literate drifter who could not afford a lawyer at his trial in the
state court. He asked the judge to appoint a legal counsel for
him, but his request was declined. The judge asserted that the
state did not have to pay a lawyer for a poor defendant that did
not commit a capital crime. Gideon was left to represent
himself, where he was found guilty and sentenced to five years
imprisonment. Gideon acquired a legal representative who
argued that the judgment had been unconstitutional since
Gideon's 6th amendment rights had been violated by appealing
to the Supreme Court. The clear remains prominent in criminal
justice history as it made it clear that for all individuals who
cannot afford a lawyer, the Court should appoint legal counsel
to defend them in the case. This should be done in all cases and

4. not only the serious ones. The case showed that the rights of all
human beings should be respected and protected regardless of
their position in society.
References
Greenberg, E. S., & Page, B. I. (2018). Struggle for Democracy,
The. Www.pearson.com. https://www.pearson.com/us/higher-
education/product/Greenberg-Struggle-for-Democracy-The-
10th-Edition/9780205771295.html
Oyez. (2018). Gideon v. Wainwright. Oyez.
https://www.oyez.org/cases/1962/155
Rappaport, J. (2017). The Structural Function of the Sixth
Amendment Right to Counsel of Choice. The Supreme Court
Review, 2016(1), 117–156. https://doi.org/10.1086/691355
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