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11-Farm Animals Vices and their Control.ppt
- 1. FARM ANIMALS VICES AND THEIR CONTROL
- 2. Vices Vices are abnormal / undesirable quality or bad habits / behavior shown by animals Some vices are dangerous either to owner, animal or both
- 3. Ruminants Vice Reason Remedy Eye Rolling, usually in calves Confinement Free movement Tongue Rolling Hereditary, confinement, low roughage Salt lick, free movement Licking, eating own hair Early weaning, deficiency Salt, avoid early weaning, adequate feed
- 5. Ruminants Vice Reason Remedy Sucking/eating solid objects Early weaning Adequate feed/ minerals Inter-sucking by calves Bucket feeding, Kept in groups Nipple feeding, delay grouping, roughage Milk suckling by adults opportunity Proper management Self suckling Opportunity Close tying, muzzle, cradle
- 8. Ruminants Vice Reason Remedy Coprophagy (Eating dung) Pica/ osteophagia Bad weather, indigestion, mineral deficiency Adjust nutrition Overeating Excessive grains Hay before grain feeding Head rubbing, knocking Extended confinement Suitable restraint Kicking Self defense Anti-kicking straps
- 11. Ruminants Vice Reason Remedy Butting Hostile, self defense Proper restraint
- 12. Sheep Vice Reason Remedy Stealing young (sheep) Motherhood in pregnancy Isolation Wool pulling / eating Confinement, roughage deficiency Reduce stocking density
- 13. HORSE VICES Horses have individual characteristics and feelings. Likely to exhibit vices from time to time. Result of bad training or situational circumstances, not born with bad behavior.
- 14. HORSE VICES Avoid these problems in the first place by providing regular, appropriate stimulation
- 15. Crib-biting or cribbing & wind sucking occurs when a horse grasps a solid object (stall door, feeder, etc.) with his teeth and gasps in air. Chipped or worn down front teeth and digestive problems such as colic or flatulence (gas problem) Prevented by relieving boredom or by coating attractive surfaces with a harmless but unpleasant tasting substance
- 17. Crib-biting or cribbing & wind sucking Increase in stomach acidity Decrease in saliva production Slower digestive passage Increase of stomach ulcers occurring
- 18. To reduce cribbing Increase the amount of long- stemmed forage (hay or pasture) available Reduce the amount of grain in the diet Offer multiple types of forage (such as adding hay cubes) Feed more, small meals per day (Feeding frequency be increased)
- 19. Weaving • Out of boredom • Continuously rocking its head and body from side to side • Severe cases, leads to stress and loss of condition • Very strong habit to eradicate in horses and can prove incurable • Fit a V-shaped grid in place of the upper stall door to prevent the horse from swinging • Regular small feeds to keep the horse occupied.
- 22. To reduce weaving Increase the time spent out of the stall (i.e. in a paddock or pasture) Allow the horse to see neighboring horses when in the stall Put up a non-breakable mirror if you must confine the horse to a stall (research has shown that putting up a mirror will reduce the time spent in weaving)
- 23. Separation anxiety Separation anxiety is when a horse gets stressed when separated from other horses. The horse might neigh or scream and be hard to handle. Try separation gradually
- 25. Rug tearing and eating bedding Keep the horse occupied with regular exercise and frequent feeds Replacing bedding with something inedible, such as paper
- 27. Under Saddle Vices: Horses can develop riding problems, Result from previous pain, bad habits or inadequate training.
- 28. Walking away Walking away when being mounted probably due to being kicked in the ribs or pulled in the mouth some time in the past. Gentle handling / mounting Discomfort from badly fitting saddlery may cause play around or jerking. Ensure a correct fitness.
- 30. Shying Moving away from a potentially worrying object Given firm but gentle reassurance Common for horses that have been allowed to misbehave and shy in the past to continue the habit for no apparent reason Further training is required
- 32. Bolting Very dangerous habit Badly fitting tack and harsh use of bits Also revert to bolting when they are scared/ frightened Should not be punished, as it is an entirely natural instinct and requires calm reassurance.
- 34. Bucking Mechanism to rebuff or remove predators Horse suffering pain caused by rider or tack, an attempt to get rid off itself of this discomfort Demonstration of high spirits.
- 36. Rearing A dangerous vice that involves a horse rising onto its back legs Display of dominance and should be strictly dealt with A habitual rearer is very dangerous and should be left only in the hands of experienced riders and trainers.
- 37. Rearing
- 38. Head shaking Head shaking is when the horse continually shakes its head for no clear reason. Likely causes for head shaking include Nerve pain Ear mites Dental problems Allergies Disease
- 39. To reduce head shaking Keep your horse away from flies Keep your horse out of the sun Use a nose net while riding, nose nets may ease nerve pain
- 40. Wood chewing Wood chewing can cause tooth wear and the ingestion of splinters/particles Wood chewing results in damage to wooden stalls and fences
- 42. To reduce wood chewing Increase the amount of long- stemmed forage (hay or pasture) available Decrease the amount of grain in the diet Feed multiple types of forage (such as adding hay cubes) Feed more, small meals per day
- 43. General Recommendations Reduce time spent indoors by horse Keep horses in herds, not alone Provide a forage-based diet Use positive training methods “Prevention is better than cure”