This is a presentation I gave to a number of university administrators in The Republic of Georgia who are interested in building capacity in technology commercialization.
Cómo crear productos que no sean una porqueria feb 28 2013CompellingPM
Slides from the Software Guru Virtual Conference - presented on Feb 28, 2013. Most start-up companies begin with what they think is a brilliant idea and they immediately jump to building the product, and most of these products are crap. Even established companies sit around conference rooms dreaming of the next great product and end up wondering why their products also crap.
Creating innovative products that result in market breakthrough requires a process of multiple iterations of discovery that drive you deeper into understanding the market problems and how to solve them with a differentiated solution. Breakthrough products are based upon solving a significant Market Problem with a Product and Business Model that create a competitive advantage and a Market Strategy that motivates buyers to purchases your product.
In this session, you will learn this iterative discovery process that leads to breakthrough products and how to apply it to your own products (in startups as well as big enterprises).
The lecture covers topics such as:
* Which is best - licensing or start-up?
* Who owns my invention?
* How do I work with my Tech Transfer Office?
More information: http://www.marsdd.com/Events/Event-Calendar/Ent101/2007/introcommercializing-20071107.html
Speaker: Tom Corr, Associate VP Commercialization, University of Waterloo Office of Research
This is a presentation I gave to a number of university administrators in The Republic of Georgia who are interested in building capacity in technology commercialization.
Cómo crear productos que no sean una porqueria feb 28 2013CompellingPM
Slides from the Software Guru Virtual Conference - presented on Feb 28, 2013. Most start-up companies begin with what they think is a brilliant idea and they immediately jump to building the product, and most of these products are crap. Even established companies sit around conference rooms dreaming of the next great product and end up wondering why their products also crap.
Creating innovative products that result in market breakthrough requires a process of multiple iterations of discovery that drive you deeper into understanding the market problems and how to solve them with a differentiated solution. Breakthrough products are based upon solving a significant Market Problem with a Product and Business Model that create a competitive advantage and a Market Strategy that motivates buyers to purchases your product.
In this session, you will learn this iterative discovery process that leads to breakthrough products and how to apply it to your own products (in startups as well as big enterprises).
The lecture covers topics such as:
* Which is best - licensing or start-up?
* Who owns my invention?
* How do I work with my Tech Transfer Office?
More information: http://www.marsdd.com/Events/Event-Calendar/Ent101/2007/introcommercializing-20071107.html
Speaker: Tom Corr, Associate VP Commercialization, University of Waterloo Office of Research
The Innovation Commercialization Process:A Case StudyCheryl Tulkoff
When people think of innovation, they frequently think of the “big idea” or product while overlooking the fact that innovation is really a process.
They think of innovation solely in the creative sense rather than considering the importance or even existence of an innovation methodology.
Countless examples exist of good inventions that never succeeded in the marketplace or failed to live up to expectations while lesser ones thrived.
Many of these failures could have been eliminated through use of an innovation commercialization process.
This presentation describes the process and demonstrates its application through a case study.
MRI is a privately held company offering global solutions to meet innovation and competitive needs of companies across strategic sectors in Spain.
It is an initiative co-financed by the Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness throughout the Research, Development and Innovation Secretary, aimed at promoting a culture of Open Innovation within the Madrid Region and Spain.
MRI builds on strong institutional support by entities such as Madrid Network, a key network of 750+ entities, including small and large corporations, research and technology organisations, universities and other institutions.
Dia 18/02/2016 apresentamos o Modelo de Gestão de Inovação da Vortal no INDEG IUL ISCTE Executive Education ao Executive Master - Innovation Management. Uma parceria VORTAL - INDEG-ISCTE.
Building a Sustainable Innovation from Scratch by Amanda Smeller of AdvancePi...CincyInnovates
Amanda shares how she started from scratch to create both an innovation program and a consumer insights department at AdvancePierre Foods. Her challenge was to build a methodical, repeatable process that included consumer insights at every step of the way while dealing with time, budget and risk constraints. She will describe the scrapes and bruises and more importantly the wins the company achieved along the away. Amanda will discuss the importance of creating a culture that fosters innovation and consumer insights and educating internal customers in order to successfully implement an innovation program. She will also talk about the criticalness of making certain that the new process builds value into each step from idea generation to launch into the marketplace.
In assessing the market opportunities of a particular technology, it is important to consider whether the technology should be patented or not, and whether the technology should be licensed or put in a spin-off. Commercial Services is a group of three people at Imperial Innovations that investigates the market potential of new incoming projects and idea proposals. They give advice with respect to commercialization based upon thorough market research which they perform in close collaboration with industry.
www.FITT-for-Innovation.eu
The Innovation Commercialization Process:A Case StudyCheryl Tulkoff
When people think of innovation, they frequently think of the “big idea” or product while overlooking the fact that innovation is really a process.
They think of innovation solely in the creative sense rather than considering the importance or even existence of an innovation methodology.
Countless examples exist of good inventions that never succeeded in the marketplace or failed to live up to expectations while lesser ones thrived.
Many of these failures could have been eliminated through use of an innovation commercialization process.
This presentation describes the process and demonstrates its application through a case study.
MRI is a privately held company offering global solutions to meet innovation and competitive needs of companies across strategic sectors in Spain.
It is an initiative co-financed by the Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness throughout the Research, Development and Innovation Secretary, aimed at promoting a culture of Open Innovation within the Madrid Region and Spain.
MRI builds on strong institutional support by entities such as Madrid Network, a key network of 750+ entities, including small and large corporations, research and technology organisations, universities and other institutions.
Dia 18/02/2016 apresentamos o Modelo de Gestão de Inovação da Vortal no INDEG IUL ISCTE Executive Education ao Executive Master - Innovation Management. Uma parceria VORTAL - INDEG-ISCTE.
Building a Sustainable Innovation from Scratch by Amanda Smeller of AdvancePi...CincyInnovates
Amanda shares how she started from scratch to create both an innovation program and a consumer insights department at AdvancePierre Foods. Her challenge was to build a methodical, repeatable process that included consumer insights at every step of the way while dealing with time, budget and risk constraints. She will describe the scrapes and bruises and more importantly the wins the company achieved along the away. Amanda will discuss the importance of creating a culture that fosters innovation and consumer insights and educating internal customers in order to successfully implement an innovation program. She will also talk about the criticalness of making certain that the new process builds value into each step from idea generation to launch into the marketplace.
In assessing the market opportunities of a particular technology, it is important to consider whether the technology should be patented or not, and whether the technology should be licensed or put in a spin-off. Commercial Services is a group of three people at Imperial Innovations that investigates the market potential of new incoming projects and idea proposals. They give advice with respect to commercialization based upon thorough market research which they perform in close collaboration with industry.
www.FITT-for-Innovation.eu
Technology commercialization strategy for a multidisciplinary R&D institutions such as GRO and CRO under new research and business development (R&BD) paradigm
Speaker: Raphael Ronen, Commercialization Manager, The Innovations Group (TIG)
Within universities and research institutions there are no shortage of good ideas; but not all of those ideas make commercial sense. In this lecture, we explore what makes a technology worthwhile commercializing. We also touch on some of the lessons we can take from the university setting and apply to any start-up technology.
Part of the CIBC Presents Entrepreneurship 101 lecture series: http://www.marsdd.com/ent101
SVP Advisors is an international management consulting firm for the Telecommunications, Media and Technology (TMT) sector, with expertise in regulation, economic modelling, business strategy and corporate finance.
Established by seasoned professionals in 2006, we have earned over time a solid reputation within the TMT sector thanks to our quantitative and practical approach to problem solving.
Our work combines various disciplines such as economics, econometrics, finance, accounting, marketing and engineering. Our international client base includes telecom operators, media and internet companies, telecom regulators, international organisations and financial institutions.
Generating a custom Ruby SDK for your web service or Rails API using Smithyg2nightmarescribd
Have you ever wanted a Ruby client API to communicate with your web service? Smithy is a protocol-agnostic language for defining services and SDKs. Smithy Ruby is an implementation of Smithy that generates a Ruby SDK using a Smithy model. In this talk, we will explore Smithy and Smithy Ruby to learn how to generate custom feature-rich SDKs that can communicate with any web service, such as a Rails JSON API.
GraphRAG is All You need? LLM & Knowledge GraphGuy Korland
Guy Korland, CEO and Co-founder of FalkorDB, will review two articles on the integration of language models with knowledge graphs.
1. Unifying Large Language Models and Knowledge Graphs: A Roadmap.
https://arxiv.org/abs/2306.08302
2. Microsoft Research's GraphRAG paper and a review paper on various uses of knowledge graphs:
https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/research/blog/graphrag-unlocking-llm-discovery-on-narrative-private-data/
Key Trends Shaping the Future of Infrastructure.pdfCheryl Hung
Keynote at DIGIT West Expo, Glasgow on 29 May 2024.
Cheryl Hung, ochery.com
Sr Director, Infrastructure Ecosystem, Arm.
The key trends across hardware, cloud and open-source; exploring how these areas are likely to mature and develop over the short and long-term, and then considering how organisations can position themselves to adapt and thrive.
Neuro-symbolic is not enough, we need neuro-*semantic*Frank van Harmelen
Neuro-symbolic (NeSy) AI is on the rise. However, simply machine learning on just any symbolic structure is not sufficient to really harvest the gains of NeSy. These will only be gained when the symbolic structures have an actual semantics. I give an operational definition of semantics as “predictable inference”.
All of this illustrated with link prediction over knowledge graphs, but the argument is general.
Accelerate your Kubernetes clusters with Varnish CachingThijs Feryn
A presentation about the usage and availability of Varnish on Kubernetes. This talk explores the capabilities of Varnish caching and shows how to use the Varnish Helm chart to deploy it to Kubernetes.
This presentation was delivered at K8SUG Singapore. See https://feryn.eu/presentations/accelerate-your-kubernetes-clusters-with-varnish-caching-k8sug-singapore-28-2024 for more details.
LF Energy Webinar: Electrical Grid Modelling and Simulation Through PowSyBl -...DanBrown980551
Do you want to learn how to model and simulate an electrical network from scratch in under an hour?
Then welcome to this PowSyBl workshop, hosted by Rte, the French Transmission System Operator (TSO)!
During the webinar, you will discover the PowSyBl ecosystem as well as handle and study an electrical network through an interactive Python notebook.
PowSyBl is an open source project hosted by LF Energy, which offers a comprehensive set of features for electrical grid modelling and simulation. Among other advanced features, PowSyBl provides:
- A fully editable and extendable library for grid component modelling;
- Visualization tools to display your network;
- Grid simulation tools, such as power flows, security analyses (with or without remedial actions) and sensitivity analyses;
The framework is mostly written in Java, with a Python binding so that Python developers can access PowSyBl functionalities as well.
What you will learn during the webinar:
- For beginners: discover PowSyBl's functionalities through a quick general presentation and the notebook, without needing any expert coding skills;
- For advanced developers: master the skills to efficiently apply PowSyBl functionalities to your real-world scenarios.
Smart TV Buyer Insights Survey 2024 by 91mobiles.pdf91mobiles
91mobiles recently conducted a Smart TV Buyer Insights Survey in which we asked over 3,000 respondents about the TV they own, aspects they look at on a new TV, and their TV buying preferences.
JMeter webinar - integration with InfluxDB and GrafanaRTTS
Watch this recorded webinar about real-time monitoring of application performance. See how to integrate Apache JMeter, the open-source leader in performance testing, with InfluxDB, the open-source time-series database, and Grafana, the open-source analytics and visualization application.
In this webinar, we will review the benefits of leveraging InfluxDB and Grafana when executing load tests and demonstrate how these tools are used to visualize performance metrics.
Length: 30 minutes
Session Overview
-------------------------------------------
During this webinar, we will cover the following topics while demonstrating the integrations of JMeter, InfluxDB and Grafana:
- What out-of-the-box solutions are available for real-time monitoring JMeter tests?
- What are the benefits of integrating InfluxDB and Grafana into the load testing stack?
- Which features are provided by Grafana?
- Demonstration of InfluxDB and Grafana using a practice web application
To view the webinar recording, go to:
https://www.rttsweb.com/jmeter-integration-webinar
Essentials of Automations: Optimizing FME Workflows with ParametersSafe Software
Are you looking to streamline your workflows and boost your projects’ efficiency? Do you find yourself searching for ways to add flexibility and control over your FME workflows? If so, you’re in the right place.
Join us for an insightful dive into the world of FME parameters, a critical element in optimizing workflow efficiency. This webinar marks the beginning of our three-part “Essentials of Automation” series. This first webinar is designed to equip you with the knowledge and skills to utilize parameters effectively: enhancing the flexibility, maintainability, and user control of your FME projects.
Here’s what you’ll gain:
- Essentials of FME Parameters: Understand the pivotal role of parameters, including Reader/Writer, Transformer, User, and FME Flow categories. Discover how they are the key to unlocking automation and optimization within your workflows.
- Practical Applications in FME Form: Delve into key user parameter types including choice, connections, and file URLs. Allow users to control how a workflow runs, making your workflows more reusable. Learn to import values and deliver the best user experience for your workflows while enhancing accuracy.
- Optimization Strategies in FME Flow: Explore the creation and strategic deployment of parameters in FME Flow, including the use of deployment and geometry parameters, to maximize workflow efficiency.
- Pro Tips for Success: Gain insights on parameterizing connections and leveraging new features like Conditional Visibility for clarity and simplicity.
We’ll wrap up with a glimpse into future webinars, followed by a Q&A session to address your specific questions surrounding this topic.
Don’t miss this opportunity to elevate your FME expertise and drive your projects to new heights of efficiency.
Kubernetes & AI - Beauty and the Beast !?! @KCD Istanbul 2024Tobias Schneck
As AI technology is pushing into IT I was wondering myself, as an “infrastructure container kubernetes guy”, how get this fancy AI technology get managed from an infrastructure operational view? Is it possible to apply our lovely cloud native principals as well? What benefit’s both technologies could bring to each other?
Let me take this questions and provide you a short journey through existing deployment models and use cases for AI software. On practical examples, we discuss what cloud/on-premise strategy we may need for applying it to our own infrastructure to get it to work from an enterprise perspective. I want to give an overview about infrastructure requirements and technologies, what could be beneficial or limiting your AI use cases in an enterprise environment. An interactive Demo will give you some insides, what approaches I got already working for real.
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 3DianaGray10
Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 3. In this session, we will cover desktop automation along with UI automation.
Topics covered:
UI automation Introduction,
UI automation Sample
Desktop automation flow
Pradeep Chinnala, Senior Consultant Automation Developer @WonderBotz and UiPath MVP
Deepak Rai, Automation Practice Lead, Boundaryless Group and UiPath MVP
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 4DianaGray10
Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 4. In this session, we will cover Test Manager overview along with SAP heatmap.
The UiPath Test Manager overview with SAP heatmap webinar offers a concise yet comprehensive exploration of the role of a Test Manager within SAP environments, coupled with the utilization of heatmaps for effective testing strategies.
Participants will gain insights into the responsibilities, challenges, and best practices associated with test management in SAP projects. Additionally, the webinar delves into the significance of heatmaps as a visual aid for identifying testing priorities, areas of risk, and resource allocation within SAP landscapes. Through this session, attendees can expect to enhance their understanding of test management principles while learning practical approaches to optimize testing processes in SAP environments using heatmap visualization techniques
What will you get from this session?
1. Insights into SAP testing best practices
2. Heatmap utilization for testing
3. Optimization of testing processes
4. Demo
Topics covered:
Execution from the test manager
Orchestrator execution result
Defect reporting
SAP heatmap example with demo
Speaker:
Deepak Rai, Automation Practice Lead, Boundaryless Group and UiPath MVP
Securing your Kubernetes cluster_ a step-by-step guide to success !KatiaHIMEUR1
Today, after several years of existence, an extremely active community and an ultra-dynamic ecosystem, Kubernetes has established itself as the de facto standard in container orchestration. Thanks to a wide range of managed services, it has never been so easy to set up a ready-to-use Kubernetes cluster.
However, this ease of use means that the subject of security in Kubernetes is often left for later, or even neglected. This exposes companies to significant risks.
In this talk, I'll show you step-by-step how to secure your Kubernetes cluster for greater peace of mind and reliability.
3. Proceso de Transferencia Tecnológica
Riesgo
Solución Prototipo Empaquetamiento
IDEA
tecnológica tecnológico y Transferencia
Valoración (IP & Market Assessment)
Valorización (Valuation)
La valoración y valorización son esenciales en el proceso de transferencia
Valoración-Assessment y Valorización-Valuation
Valoración y valorización son etapas consecutivas en el proceso de transferencia
4. Criterios de Valoración
Tecnología
Fortaleza Propiedad
Intelectual
Competidores y Tecnologías
de la Competencia
Potencial Mercado Comercial
5. Tecnología
Descripción
Beneficios
Aplicaciones de la tecnología
Costos de la tecnología
Estado de desarrollo
Regulaciones nacionales y extranjeras
6. Propiedad Intelectual
Titularidad de la PI
Acuerdos previos
Viabilidad de protección
Patentes relacionadas
Estrategia de Protección
7. Competidores
Problemas que resuelve la
tecnología, soluciones existentes
Tecnologías de la competencia
Competidores
8. Potencial de Mercado
Mercado potencial
Tamaño de mercado actual y proyectado
Mercado de interés
Requisitos del mercado
10. Beneficios de la Valoración
Permite
identificar
nuevas
aplicaciones Delinear
INSUMO
RELEVANTE estrategia de
VALORIZACIÓN protección
de PI
Razones
Definir la Fundamentales
Reducir
estrategia de
riesgos
comercialización
legales
Decidir el Definir el
modelo de modelo de
transferencia negocio
12. 1. What is the right price: Value Vs. Price
2. Basic Methods of Valuation
1. Back Perspective
2. Around Perspective
Index
3. Pieces Perspective
4. Down Perspective
5. Forward Perspective
6. Dice Perspective:
7. 7, 8 and 9. Auction, Common Sense and Equity
Perspective
3. Conclusions
Technology Valuation 11
13. What is the right price: Value vs. Price
Value Price
An amount considered The sum of money or
a suitable equivalent goods asked or given for
for something else. something.
Technology Valuation 12
14. Price vs. Value
Licensee’s Ceiling
Range of Negotiation
Licensor’s Floor
Technology Valuation 13
15. Valuation: a rational process
With a valuation basis You negotiate the basis
Without a valuation basis You negotiate from emotion
Technology Valuation 14
16. When is Technology Valued?
Prospectively By deal makers, Value extracted over time.
Retrospectively By litigators, value established at a point in time.
Adversarial: the outcome is imposed judicially.
Technology Valuation 15
17. Prospective Valuation: Financial Forecast
The calculation of royalty, depends on:
Technology Scope
Number and scope of patents
Know how
Patent age
Number of potential applications
Stage of technical development
Barriers to market entry
Exclusive or non exclusive rights
Technology Valuation 16
18. Basic Methods of Valuation
The licensing perspective:
1. Back perspective Costs
2. Around perspective Industry standards, comparables
3. Pieces perspective Ranking/rating
4. Down perspective Rules of thumb
5. Forward perspective Discounted cash flow
6. Dice Perspective Monte Carlo
7. Others Perspective Auction
8. No farther Perspective Common sense
9. Market Perspective Equity
Technology Valuation 17
19. 1. Back Perspective Methods
Is cost to develop relevant? Development costs, patent costs?
NO! it is a poor method for pricing.
However it can be useful for:
Development costs as a factor in determining value
Modified replacement cost to calculate upfront
Technology Valuation 18
20. Also named the Cost Approach
Theoretical Background:
Value is determined by the cost to replace or the cost to recreate the IP.
Costs include:
R&D, Materials, Equipment, Marketing, Advertising, Delayed Market
Entry.
Value of the IP:
Fair market value of total investment to replace or recreate the IP.
NOTE: A licensee will not pay more for the IP than the amount for which the IP
could be recreated.
However, by licensing IP from others the licensee avoids development
costs and minimizes risk.
Technology Valuation 19
21. 2. Around Perspective
Constitutes of looking at sources of comparable transaction data:
Internal Database
Published Surveys
Public Announcements
Word Of Mouth
Litigation
Required Disclosure
Technology Valuation 20
22. Royalty Rate Standards
Product Royalty Comments
Materials Processes 1–4% 1 % commodities, 2% processes
Medical Device 3–5%
Software 5 – 15 %
Semiconductors 1–2% Chip design
Pharmaceuticals 8 – 10 % Composition of materials
12 – 20 % With clinical testing
Diagnostics 4–5% New entity
2–4% New methods
Biotechnology 1 - 1.5 % Processes non exclusive
1–2% Processes exclusive
Adapted from Lita Nelsen, Director TLO of MIT
Technology Valuation 21
24. Around Perspective Sources
Most valuable tool for determining industry standards is the use of
published agreements.
Published Data Litigation SEC filing Databases
• www.knowledgeexpress.c • Lexis/Nexis • SEC EDGAR system • www.recap.com (Deloitte)
om www.lexisnexis.com www.sec.gov/edgar/ • www.rDNA.com
• http://pharmalicensing.co • EDGAR online: • http://www.recapip.com
m/public/ pro.edgar-online.com or • http://www.recaprx.com
• http://www.innovaro.com/ www.tenkwizard
• www.royaltysource.com
• http://www.yet2.com • www.
techagreements.com
• Disclosure Information,
Inc.
www.thomson.com/financi
al/fi_partners.jsp
Technology Valuation 23
25. 3. Pieces Perspective
The ranking method:
Uses data from similar agreements
Uses a rating table to score the deal compared to known prices from
comparable deals
Technology Valuation 24
26. The Georgia Pacific Factors:
IMPORTANCE OF FACTOR LICENSING OUT SCORE
Nature of Protection 4.2
Utility over old methods 4.2
Scope of exclusivity 4.1
Licensee’s anticipated profits 3.4
Commercial Success 3.4
Territory Restrictions 3.5
Comparable License Rates 3.7
Duration of Protection 3.1
Licensor’s anticipated Profits 3.1
Commercial Relationship 3.6
Tag Along Sales 2.1
5 = MOST IMPORTANT, 1 = LESS IMPORATN Stephen Degnan and Corwing Horton, “A Survey
of Licensed Royalties”
Technology Valuation 25
27. Common 5 factor approach
FACTORS SCORE OF 1 WEIGHTING WEIGHTED
TO 5 FACTOR SCORE
STAGE OF DEVELOPMENT 2 0.2 0.4
SCOPE OF IP PROTECTION 4 0.2 0.8
MARKET ATTRACTIVENESS 5 0.2 1
(SIZE)
SUSTAINABILITY VS. 3 0.2 0.6
COMPETITIVE TECHNOLOGIES
INDUSTRY PROFIT MARGINS 3 0.2 0.6
TOTAL WEIGHTED SCORE 3.4
Technology Valuation 26
28. 4. Down Perspective
Rules of Thumb
The 25% Rule: the Goldscheider Principle: the Licensor should receive 25%
and the Licensee 75% of the pre-tax profits from a licensed product.
The second rule of thumb, converts roughly the 25% pre tax profit to 5%
royalties
Technology Valuation 27
29. 25% Rule
Meaning of the Rule
The royalty in dollars should be 25% of the savings in dollars to the licensee
by the use of the licensed technology
The royalty in percentages of net sale price should be 25% of the profit
before taxes, enjoyed by the licensee by selling products based on the
licensed technology
Technology Valuation 28
30. Example of the 25% Rule
Annual Report of Company Y Thousand of US Percentages
Dollars
Gross Sales 1,249,512 100
Cost of Goods Sold 643,357 52
Gross Margin 606,155 48
Sales and Administration 447,607 36
Research and Development 140,196 11
EBIT (Profit before Tax) 18,352 1
Interest 8,090
restructuring 3,697
Other 9,674
EBT (profits after tax) (3,109)
Should the royalty be 0.25 % from net sales?
Technology Valuation 29
31. 5. Forward Perspective
Discounted Cash Flow/Net Present Value:
The method consists of determining future cash flows, then discounting the
cash flows for the time over which those amounts are to be received and by the
associated risk of receive such cash flows.
When all such cash flows have been discounted they can be added to
determine the net present value (NPV)
Technology Valuation 30
32. Also Named the Income Approach
Theoretical Background:
Value is determined by the economic benefit expected from use of the IP.
Value of IP:
Present value of the expected future income stream.
Key parameters:
Amount of income stream
Duration of the income stream
Risk associated with the realization of the income
Note: Two well known methodologies: Excess Earnings and Relief from
Royalties.
Technology Valuation 31
33. Value: Risk plus timing and amount of future cash flows
METHOD OF CALCULATION OF NPV
Sales xxx
Expenses yyy
Depreciation zzz
Royalties rrr
EARNINGS BEFORE TAX EBT
Taxes ttt
EARNING AFTER TAX EAT
Depreciation ddd
Investments iii
Working Capital www
NET CASH FLOW NCF
Discount Cash by NPV NPV = Rn/(1+k)n
Choose k. Embody risk in k
Technology Valuation 32
34. Calculation of NPV
Each year cash flow (R in year n) is discounted by dividing each cash flow (R)
by the term (1+k)n, where:
k - is the hurdle or discount rate
n – the year from the date in which the projected cash flow occurs
NPV = Rn/(1+k)n
Technology Valuation 33
35. Discount/Hurdle Rates for Start-Ups
Stage of Development Hurdle Risk
Research and Development 100 % Pre-seed funding
Start Up 50 – 70 % New business, seed funding, R&D stage
1st Stage 40– 50% New business product ready for sale, no
R&D required
2nd stage 30– 40% New product and technology in existing
business
Mezzanine/IPO 25 – 30% New product, existing capabilities, known
technology
Low Risk 15% New product for existing manufacturing line
and market
Technology Valuation 34
36. Example of NPV calculations
Total Cash Flows 136,000,000 Investment 10,000,000
Hurdle Rate = k Net Present Value Investment or
Licensee’s
decision
0% 126,000,000 No Risk yes
7% 49,000,000 Near Risk free, alternative yes
investment is 7%
15 % 17,000,000 Low but real risk yes
30 % - 40 % 1,600,000 Significant, technical, Barely yes
market and other risk
40 – 50 % - 800,000 Start up risk No, only if you
paid me
Technology Valuation 35
37. 6. Dice Perspective Montecarlo
Complex Mathematical modeling tools
A basic popular tool is the probabilistic model or Monte Carlo analysis
The tool works by replacing certain numbers in the calculation with a
probabilistic value. The model is run hundreds of time to develop a
distribution of outcomes
Technology Valuation 36
38. Monte Carlo Simulation Software
The popularity of Monte Carlo methods have led to a number of commercial
tools.
Programs which work directly with Excel as add-ins:
Crystal Ball
Risk Solver
@Risk
DFSS Master
Risk Analyzer
MC Add In for Excel
Technology Valuation 37
39. Plus and Minus of Monte Carlo
• The model can be run over and over again with
changing assumptions
PLUS
• You get better understanding of the assumptions
and their economic impact
• High risk technologies are not punished with high
hurdle rates.
MINUS
• There is never a right answer
• Requires appropriate software and user experience
Technology Valuation 38
40. About the other perspectives
6. Others Perspective: Auction
Technology auctions are rare, however patent auctions are not so rare
They are used for example in cases of bankruptcy or shut down
7. No farther Perspective:
Common sense
8. Market Perspective:
Equity – what is the value of a similar size, similar technology company
in the stock exchange?
Technology Valuation 39
41. The Market Perspective or Approach
Theoretical background: value is based on the transactions of other
purchasers and sellers in the market place.
Value of IP: Arm’s length price paid in equally desirable and comparable
transactions.
Note: The Licensee is not willing to pay more than others have paid for similar
IP
Comparables: type of IP, industry, market size, terms and profitability.
Technology Valuation 40
42. IP Value in the Market
Technology Valuation 41
43. NASA wants to move beyond Technology Auctions
AviationWeek.com
NASA Wants To Move Beyond Technology
Auctions
Sep 21, 2010
By Frank Morring, Jr.
Washington
NASA managers are looking for new ways to get the technology its engineers develop for
space exploration out into the broader U.S. economy, where businesses can adapt it for
commercial products.
A new request for information published on the FedBizOps website seeks suggestions on
how the space agency can work with intellectual property management services to match
advanced technologies at its field centers with private firms willing to pay for licenses to use
the publicly funded technology for private profit.
Technology Valuation 42
44. Patent Transaction
The Sale and/or License of Intellectual Property – Patents
Basic Process
Review and estimate valuation of the assets
Diligence and preparation of the assets to market
Preparation of marketing materials
Identification and contact of potential acquirers
Fielding, negotiation of and advisement on received offers
Advisement on all aspects of documentation and transfer
Escrow Services (as necessary)
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45. Conclusions
The Valuation of the technology is an essential part of the technology transfer process
With a valuation you negotiate with a sound economic basis and not from an emotional
basis
Valuation of the technology is a way of determining the licensed technology value for the
customer (licensee) and not only for the inventors (licensor)
Using more than one valuation method gives you a broader perspective, and accounts
for a range of different factors
Valuating your technology is an excellent way to prepare for the negotiation of a
successful deal (win win)
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