This research article examines the perceived training needs of dairy farmers in Bundelkhand region, India regarding improved dairy farming practices and how those needs relate to the farmers' socioeconomic traits. The study found that marginal farmers had the highest perceived training needs in fodder production, while small farmers' highest needs were in management. It also found that socioeconomic factors like social participation, extension contact, media exposure and knowledge were negatively correlated with perceived training needs. The results can help extension agencies develop suitable training programs to improve dairy farming in the region.
The document discusses a study conducted on the knowledge and adoption levels of improved animal husbandry practices among dairy farmers in Chhotaudaipur district of Gujarat, India. Some key findings from the study include:
- The majority (53%) of dairy farmers had a medium knowledge level of improved practices, while 22% and 25% had low and high knowledge levels respectively.
- Farmers had the highest knowledge about milking practices (80.28%) and the lowest about improved animal breeds (51.76%).
- The majority (51%) of farmers were found to be medium adopters of improved practices, while 27% were low adopters and 22% were high adopters.
The document discusses a study on the association between selected personal characteristics of rice farmers and their adoption of improved rice production technologies in Dungarpur district, Rajasthan, India. The study found that farmers' age, education level, family income, farm size, extension contacts, outlook, and economic motivation were not significantly associated with their adoption of improved rice production technologies. The study was conducted among 120 rice farmers across 10 villages in Dungarpur district selected based on maximum rice cultivation area. Personal characteristics like age, education, income, farm size, contacts with extension agents, progressive outlook, and profit motivation did not have any significant influence on farmers' adoption of new rice production methods.
1) The study examined the profitability and economic efficiency of small-scale cattle fattening enterprises in Rajbari district, Bangladesh.
2) On average, cattle fattening enterprises generated a net profit of BDT 5,559 per cattle after 3-4 months, showing it is a profitable activity.
3) However, the study found operational efficiency was generally low, so less efficient farmers could improve profits by adopting practices of more efficient farmers.
The document discusses knowledge levels of farmers in Kota region of Rajasthan regarding improved pea production technology. It finds that 50.5% of farmers have a medium knowledge level, while 21% have low knowledge and 28.5% have high knowledge. Knowledge was generally higher among small farmers than marginal farmers. The majority of farmers had good knowledge of soil preparation, sowing time, and weed management, while knowledge was lower regarding fertilizer application, irrigation, and seed rates. Improving farmer knowledge of all aspects of pea production technology could help increase yields in the region.
g46611869 Farmer Acceptance in Rice Pest Management A Comparative Analysis Be...Ngawang Ngawang
- Farmer surveys were conducted in Thailand and Bhutan to study rice pest management practices and compare knowledge levels and perceptions.
- Use of insecticides and herbicides remains dominant, though some Thai farmers still use hazardous pesticides.
- Rice pest management farmers in Thailand had relatively more knowledge of management practices than Bhutanese farmers.
- Ongoing farmer field school approaches need to intensify and diversify appropriate knowledge for resource-poor farmers.
The document summarizes findings from a study on the information processing behaviors of 200 pea growers in the Kota region of Rajasthan, India. Key findings include:
1) 45.5% of respondents exhibited low information processing behavior, 31.5% medium, and 23% high. 51% of marginal farmers and 40% of small farmers showed low behavior.
2) Among information processing modes, information evaluation methods were used most (MPS 60.15), followed by information transfer (MPS 44.6) and information storage (MPS 40.11).
3) Small farmers showed significantly higher information processing behavior about pea cultivation than marginal farmers.
This study examined the factors affecting the entrepreneurial behavior of 200 dairy farmers in Gwalior district of Madhya Pradesh, India. The majority (65.5%) of respondents exhibited medium levels of entrepreneurial behavior regarding dairy management practices. Statistical analysis found the entrepreneurial behavior had a positive and significant relationship with factors like education, dairy experience, land holding, livestock possession, occupation, income, material possession, extension contact, economic motivation, market orientation, scientific orientation, and knowledge of improved practices. The major constraints reported by farmers were lack of veterinary facilities (68.75%), difficulty storing milk in summer (67.5%), and high cost of crossbred cows/buffaloes (60%).
Abstract— The study examined the cost and return of local chicken marketing in Mubi north local government area of Adamawa state. Data were collected from 120 respondents with aid of structured questionnaire using purposive and random sampling technique. Descriptive statistics, net income analysis, marketing efficiency (ME) were the analytical tools employed. The result revealed that local chicken marketing in the study area is mostly undertaken by the male gender (85%) who were in their active age between the age of 30-60 years. Majority of them had one form of formal education or the other and have marketing experience of more than five years. On the profitability of the enterprise a total variable cost ₦7887.00 was estimated using 2014 price of input and output. Cost of transportation accounting for 72.84%. The total revenue from the enterprise was estimated ₦13, 100 given the net income of ₦5213 an indication that the enterprise is profitable. A high marketing efficiency of 160% was computed an indication that the profit maximization motive of local chicken marketing is assured. It is recommended that the marketers should be motivated and encouraged with soft loans so as to expand their production.
The document discusses a study conducted on the knowledge and adoption levels of improved animal husbandry practices among dairy farmers in Chhotaudaipur district of Gujarat, India. Some key findings from the study include:
- The majority (53%) of dairy farmers had a medium knowledge level of improved practices, while 22% and 25% had low and high knowledge levels respectively.
- Farmers had the highest knowledge about milking practices (80.28%) and the lowest about improved animal breeds (51.76%).
- The majority (51%) of farmers were found to be medium adopters of improved practices, while 27% were low adopters and 22% were high adopters.
The document discusses a study on the association between selected personal characteristics of rice farmers and their adoption of improved rice production technologies in Dungarpur district, Rajasthan, India. The study found that farmers' age, education level, family income, farm size, extension contacts, outlook, and economic motivation were not significantly associated with their adoption of improved rice production technologies. The study was conducted among 120 rice farmers across 10 villages in Dungarpur district selected based on maximum rice cultivation area. Personal characteristics like age, education, income, farm size, contacts with extension agents, progressive outlook, and profit motivation did not have any significant influence on farmers' adoption of new rice production methods.
1) The study examined the profitability and economic efficiency of small-scale cattle fattening enterprises in Rajbari district, Bangladesh.
2) On average, cattle fattening enterprises generated a net profit of BDT 5,559 per cattle after 3-4 months, showing it is a profitable activity.
3) However, the study found operational efficiency was generally low, so less efficient farmers could improve profits by adopting practices of more efficient farmers.
The document discusses knowledge levels of farmers in Kota region of Rajasthan regarding improved pea production technology. It finds that 50.5% of farmers have a medium knowledge level, while 21% have low knowledge and 28.5% have high knowledge. Knowledge was generally higher among small farmers than marginal farmers. The majority of farmers had good knowledge of soil preparation, sowing time, and weed management, while knowledge was lower regarding fertilizer application, irrigation, and seed rates. Improving farmer knowledge of all aspects of pea production technology could help increase yields in the region.
g46611869 Farmer Acceptance in Rice Pest Management A Comparative Analysis Be...Ngawang Ngawang
- Farmer surveys were conducted in Thailand and Bhutan to study rice pest management practices and compare knowledge levels and perceptions.
- Use of insecticides and herbicides remains dominant, though some Thai farmers still use hazardous pesticides.
- Rice pest management farmers in Thailand had relatively more knowledge of management practices than Bhutanese farmers.
- Ongoing farmer field school approaches need to intensify and diversify appropriate knowledge for resource-poor farmers.
The document summarizes findings from a study on the information processing behaviors of 200 pea growers in the Kota region of Rajasthan, India. Key findings include:
1) 45.5% of respondents exhibited low information processing behavior, 31.5% medium, and 23% high. 51% of marginal farmers and 40% of small farmers showed low behavior.
2) Among information processing modes, information evaluation methods were used most (MPS 60.15), followed by information transfer (MPS 44.6) and information storage (MPS 40.11).
3) Small farmers showed significantly higher information processing behavior about pea cultivation than marginal farmers.
This study examined the factors affecting the entrepreneurial behavior of 200 dairy farmers in Gwalior district of Madhya Pradesh, India. The majority (65.5%) of respondents exhibited medium levels of entrepreneurial behavior regarding dairy management practices. Statistical analysis found the entrepreneurial behavior had a positive and significant relationship with factors like education, dairy experience, land holding, livestock possession, occupation, income, material possession, extension contact, economic motivation, market orientation, scientific orientation, and knowledge of improved practices. The major constraints reported by farmers were lack of veterinary facilities (68.75%), difficulty storing milk in summer (67.5%), and high cost of crossbred cows/buffaloes (60%).
Abstract— The study examined the cost and return of local chicken marketing in Mubi north local government area of Adamawa state. Data were collected from 120 respondents with aid of structured questionnaire using purposive and random sampling technique. Descriptive statistics, net income analysis, marketing efficiency (ME) were the analytical tools employed. The result revealed that local chicken marketing in the study area is mostly undertaken by the male gender (85%) who were in their active age between the age of 30-60 years. Majority of them had one form of formal education or the other and have marketing experience of more than five years. On the profitability of the enterprise a total variable cost ₦7887.00 was estimated using 2014 price of input and output. Cost of transportation accounting for 72.84%. The total revenue from the enterprise was estimated ₦13, 100 given the net income of ₦5213 an indication that the enterprise is profitable. A high marketing efficiency of 160% was computed an indication that the profit maximization motive of local chicken marketing is assured. It is recommended that the marketers should be motivated and encouraged with soft loans so as to expand their production.
The research was conducted at Malang Regency, East Java, Indonesia to know the amount of small-scale income obtained by layer’ farmer. The study began on January 6 to February 7, 2017. The method used was a survey method. The total sample was 109 respondents determined by purposive sampling method with the consideration of farmers who breed laying a layer of 1000-5000 for at least 3 years. The collection of research data consisted of primary data and secondary data. Data were analyzed using an input-output approach and descriptive analysis.
Banana is the most important food crop for over 400 million people. The study analyzed the communication behaviors of 120 banana growers in Tamil Nadu, India. It found that nearly half of the banana growers had a moderate level of communication behaviors. The growers utilized local information sources like other farmers more than external sources like extension agents. The study concluded it is necessary to improve extension services and create awareness among growers about modern communication technologies to help them access information that can improve banana cultivation practices.
This document summarizes a study on the association between rice growers' level of knowledge of rice cultivation technology and their personal characteristics. The study was conducted in villages in Hanumangarh district of Rajasthan, India where demonstrations on improved rice cultivation practices had been conducted. A total of 210 rice growers were surveyed, including 105 beneficiaries who participated in the demonstrations and 105 non-beneficiaries. Statistical analysis found significant associations between rice growers' knowledge and variables like education, landholding size, income, social participation and information sources. Age, caste, family type and family size were not significantly associated with knowledge.
The study examined the adoption of mustard production technology among 108 small farmers in Bharatpur district of Rajasthan from 2011-2012. It found that 50% of respondents had adopted the technology to a medium extent. Farmers were most aware of adopting high yielding varieties, time of sowing, seed rate and spacing, but less aware of soil treatment, weed management, and plant protection measures. Higher education, farm power, caste, occupation, social participation, family type, income, and housing pattern promoted greater adoption. Constraints included unavailability of fertilizers and improved seeds during peak seasons, complex weed control methods, high input costs, and pesticide residues reducing fodder availability.
Study of The Public Distribution System in Karnataka vlPratik Shetty
A study was conducted of the Public Distribution System in Bangalore Urban District, Karnataka. The study found that 80% of beneficiaries face serious issues with the current system, including 6% being wrongly denied BPL/APL cards, 38% only being eligible for partial rations due to Aadhar issues, and 36% facing problems with biometric verification. The opportunity cost of collecting rations was estimated to be Rs. 557 per month per family. Additionally, biometrics failed a high 62% of the time, ration quality and quantity were inconsistent, and ration shops were found to be corrupt and unprofessionally run. Recommendations included moving towards a universal PDS, abandoning biometric verification and cou
The aim of this research to analyst agribusiness performance and feasibility of Madura
cattle, especially in Galis region, Madura. The advantages of this research are to give
information’s of Madura cattle agribusiness performance which could use as added value of
rural cattle agribusiness development.
This result done at Galis region, which selected area are Galis subdistrict, Larangan
subdistrict and Pademawu subdistrict by purpossive sampling method on that consideration
Madura cattle population and similarities of Madura cattle management. This is survey
research with observation and respondents interview in current time. This research used
descriptive analysist based on working agribusiness system and Net Farm Income (NFI)analyzed for feasibility analysist.
The conclusion of this research are (1) Madura cattle agribusiness performance in Galis
region was supported by the farmers, but still need optimized by sub-systems unit in order
to develop farmer welfare; (2) Madura cattle agribusiness in Galis region non-feasible from
economic feasibility because of it couldn’t meet the necessities of farmers family needs,
which respondent total lost Rp.3.095.778,- or Rp. 244.615,- /month, meanwhile based on
farmers perseption, their total lost Rp. 321.888,- or Rp. 25.434,- /month with average
business scale 2,71tails/respondent and observed for 4,67 months; and (3) Management
feasibility of Madura cattle agribusiness feasibility performance in this region, classified in
non-feasible management because of the traditional management of cattle agribusiness held
by the farmers.
Problem Identification on Major Cereal Crops Production (A Case of Rupandehi,...BRNSS Publication Hub
A survey was conducted to identify problems on major cereal crop production in Rupandehi district. Three
Village Development Committees (VDCs) were selected purposively from the district. Sample size of 60
as 20 from each VDCs was taken, and the survey was conducted with the face-to-face interview of the
respondents. The collected data were analyzed through statistical package system. In descriptive statistics,
frequency, mean, and standard deviation were used to analyze the data. The index value was used to identify
the major problem of the major cereal crops. The major problems before the cultivation of cereal crops
were found to be unavailability of hybrid seeds, weeds and grass problems, irrigation problems, labors and
mechanization problems, and fertilizers and manures problems, etc. Different problems during cultivation
of cereal crops were found to be irrigation problems, labor problems weeds, fertilizers, insects, pests, and
disease. Similarly, the problems of storage house, storage insects, climate change, and weather condition
and threshing problems, etc., were found to be the post-harvest problems in cereal crops cultivation.
The National Agricultural Innovation Project (NAIP) was launched in India in 2006 to promote innovations in agricultural technology. It was implemented in four districts of southern Rajasthan, including Dungarpur district. The study evaluated the effectiveness of NAIP's livestock-based integrated farming systems model among tribal beneficiaries in Dungarpur district. It found that over 90% of farmers expressed moderate strengths of NAIP. The strongest aspects included green fodder production, milk production, use of agricultural implements, animal feeding patterns, artificial insemination, and use of processing equipment. Areas like savings, use of biogas plants, and composting were seen as comparatively weaker. The study concluded NAIP was most effective in the six
The document summarizes a study on the problems faced by rice farmers in Pakistan. It finds that the major production-related problems reported by farmers are high fertilizer prices and counterfeiting issues (reported by 85% of farmers), shortage of canal water (65.83% of farmers), and high prices of agricultural inputs (61.66% of farmers). For crop protection, farmers said pesticides and fungicides were costly and ineffective. Marketing problems included unsatisfactory prices, poor transportation and storage, and lack of knowledge about market prices. Overall, farmers expressed dissatisfaction with government efforts to address their problems.
Access to information on veterinary services among small ruminant farmers in ...AI Publications
This document summarizes a study that investigated small ruminant farmers' access to veterinary services in Surulere Local Government Area of Oyo State, Nigeria. The study found that most respondents were male, between 20-49 years old, and had some formal education. The majority received information on veterinary services through phone calls, radio advertisements, and personal interactions with veterinary doctors. However, constraints to access included low literacy levels and inadequate extension services. While most farmers considered vaccination and deworming services to be frequently accessible, procedures like castration were less so. The results indicate a need for more education and extension outreach to improve small ruminant farming in the area.
Banana is the most widely consumed fruit, and is an attractive perennial fruit crop for small farmers. This is due to its high economic gains throughout the year
compared to other crops like rice and wheat. Apart from the imputed value of family effort, the other effects like cost of production, on the whole income etc., are not
favorable to the small farmers. Their agricultural lands depend on torrential rains. The greater parts of the lands are rain-fed areas. If the monsoon fails, then the
farmers will be in hitch. In these circumstances, the government should shore up the agriculturists by granting financial assistance. Different strategies should be
adopted to reduce the losses taking place out of high humid content of the banana. The banana is also fatally affected by some ailment. Therefore, an enduring research
station may be elevated to protect the banana from various syndromes. By examining various research results as one; the government generates awareness among the
farmers concerning banana cultivation and may push more farmers to cultivate this precious food, which is greatly vital in our habitual diet system. Among 29 districts
of Tamil Nadu, Thoothukudi district ranks first in exporting banana. So thoothukudi district is selected for the present study.
This document summarizes a study on the public distribution system (PDS) in India and its implications for poverty and food security. It provides background on the PDS and outlines the study's data sources and methodology. The study finds that over time, access to the PDS expanded significantly across India as the ratio of market to PDS prices increased. The PDS was also found to be generally inclusive of disadvantaged groups. The study estimates the PDS contributed to reductions in poverty and calorie deficiency, particularly for vulnerable groups. Participation in the PDS was determined by various demographic and socioeconomic factors.
Role Performance and Relationship between the Selected Characteristics of the...inventionjournals
Farm school serve as a mechanism for farmer to farmer extension at every block or tehsil. Role performance of the respondents towards ATMA has shown its prescribed role and their relative success or failure. A study was undertaken to know role performance and relationship between the selected characteristics and role performance towards farm school. The study was conducted in eight farm schools of Sri Ganganager District of Rajasthan with a sample of 160 farmers working on farm school. The findings inferred that majority (68.75%) of the respondents of Farm School fall in the category of moderate performance of role followed by 25.00 and 06.25 per cent of them fall in the poor and good role performance categories respectively. The result clearly indicates that the farmers were highly influenced by the farm school of ATMA project running in their area.
The document summarizes a study on the adoption of recommended wheat interventions among beneficiary and non-beneficiary farmers in Udaipur district of Rajasthan, India. Key findings of the study include:
1) The majority (59.17%) of beneficiary and non-beneficiary farmers exhibited medium levels of adoption of recommended wheat interventions. Beneficiary farmers displayed higher levels of adoption compared to non-beneficiaries.
2) Beneficiary farmers exhibited higher levels of adoption (81.18-90.93%) of seed mini-kits, sowing times, seed rates, row spacing, and sowing depths compared to non-beneficiaries (28.25-41.87%).
3) Benef
Estimating productivity gap and contribution of wheat productionsanaullah noonari
Shaheed Benazirabad farmers were divided into groups named high yield group, medium yield group and low
yield group. The farmers applied an average of 45.27 kg, 45.82 kg and45.18 kg seed per acre respectively.
Though, there is not a very large difference in average seed used by both farmer groups but the later used less
quantity of wheat seed per acre to some extent. The impact of different factors on these groups was measured
through multiple liner regression models. It was found that there exists a yield gap of 17.84 mounds per acre
between high yield group and research station. The yield gap between medium and high group was 8.02 Mds per
acre while the yield gap between medium group and low yield group was 5.93 Mds per acre. The standard error
of estimates F-statics and R-square for high yield group was 0.0623, 2.470 and 0.398 respectively, for medium
yield group 0.0314, 3.231 and 0.486 respectively and for low yield group 0.056, 1.342 and 0.345 respectively.
The other objective of the study was to calculate the growth rate of wheat in District Shaheed Benazirabad
Sindh. The exponential function was used to calculate the growth rate. It was found during study that the growth
rate of wheat in Pakistan was 2.59%, 2.94% growth of wheat in Sindh and in District Shaheed Benazirabad was -
1.17%, 9.75% respectively.
Keywords: Wheat, Productivity, yield gap, F-statics, R-square, Benazirabad, Pakistan.
The document discusses potato farming in the Sabarkantha district of Gujarat, India. It finds that:
1) The majority (56.67%) of potato growers were in the middle age group, and the majority (35.83%) had a high secondary level of education.
2) Most potato growers had medium levels of social participation (60.83%), land holdings (42.50% semi-medium), annual income (67.50% medium), and extension participation (71.67% medium).
3) The most commonly adopted irrigation method was drip irrigation, used by 61.67% of potato growers.
A milk marketing system for pastoralists of Kilosa district in Tanzania: mark...Premier Publishers
This document summarizes a study on the milk marketing system for pastoralists in Kilosa district, Tanzania. The study found that the pastoral milk marketing system was profitable but not efficient. Net profits per liter were highest for producers at TZS 332, followed by retailers at TZS 141 and vendors at TZS 65. The market structure was a weak oligopoly with lack of standards, grades or product differentiation signaling inefficiency. To improve the system, the study recommends promoting commercialization through community extension services, village banks, training processors and pastoralists in proper handling, and milking techniques.
The study explored fodder value chains in Bihar, India. It found that paddy straw and wheat straw account for 95% of marketed fodder. Four supply chain types were identified, with 10% of fodder traded directly between producers and consumers. Traders at different levels facilitate trading. Fodder gains up to 240% in value from producers to consumers. Transportation is a major cost, accounting for 36% of added costs. Lack of storage, policies, and credit were identified as constraints.
The document provides an overview of the evolution of the Public Distribution System (PDS) in Kerala, India. It discusses how the PDS shifted in 1997 from a Universal system to a Targeted system, dividing the population into Below Poverty Line (BPL) and Above Poverty Line (APL) categories. This caused issues as ration shop owners had less incentive to sell goods at subsidized prices and black marketeering increased. Today, 70% of Kerala's population no longer uses the PDS, compared to 95% coverage previously under the Universal system. While the Targeted system was a factor, globalization and new identity/payment cards also reduced reliance on ration cards. Reforms are needed to make
The document summarizes a study on the extent of adoption of cattle management practices by cattle rearers in Latur district, Maharashtra, India. 240 total respondents were selected, including 120 Deoni cattle rearers and 120 non-descriptive cattle rearers. Most Deoni cattle rearers (70%) and non-descriptive cattle rearers (66.66%) had medium levels of overall adoption of cattle management practices. The study also assessed the knowledge levels of the cattle rearers and found that over 74% of Deoni cattle rearers and 62.5% of non-descriptive cattle rearers had medium levels of overall knowledge regarding cattle management practices.
Backyard Poultry Farming, a Suitable Intervention for Tribal People for their...inventionjournals
After analyzing the situation, background and cultural scenario, KVK, Mayurbhanj scientists intervene to make this practice as more productive, remunerative and commercial by introducing improved breeds like Vanaraja, Gramapriya, Kharagnath etc. those are phenotypically similar to existing poultry population. The benefit and cost ratio in Vanaraja and local breeds recorded as 2.66 and 2.27 respectively in Assam as found by Islam et al (2015).The 21 days old chicks were being supplied to the various SHGs, individual growers etc. They were trained about the minimal management practice, vaccination, feeding etc. To find out the effectiveness of the technology the study was made with an objective to assess the knowledge gained and adoption of the technology alongwith the constraints faced and suggestion for better penetration from the respondents. From the list of practicing farmers of KVK under improved backyard poultry farming, hundred numbers of respondents were selected randomly. From the study it was found that moderate knowledge was gained by the respondents on the improved poultry farming and adoption was satisfactory with 64.0 and 21.0 percentages in medium and high categories respectively. The respondents perceived as the unavailability of structured market structure was the major constraint and mostly suggested for the establishment of assured market system.There is huge scope & perspective in the improved poultry farming in the district. The farmers are very much spirited and enthusiastic to adopt the enterprise in entrepreneurship basis. Although the quality of egg and meat of improved breeds is at par with the local breeds, there is very wide gap in the price of local and exotic breeds. But the traders are manipulating the tribal farmers. In this respect the market system should the strengthened.
The research was conducted at Malang Regency, East Java, Indonesia to know the amount of small-scale income obtained by layer’ farmer. The study began on January 6 to February 7, 2017. The method used was a survey method. The total sample was 109 respondents determined by purposive sampling method with the consideration of farmers who breed laying a layer of 1000-5000 for at least 3 years. The collection of research data consisted of primary data and secondary data. Data were analyzed using an input-output approach and descriptive analysis.
Banana is the most important food crop for over 400 million people. The study analyzed the communication behaviors of 120 banana growers in Tamil Nadu, India. It found that nearly half of the banana growers had a moderate level of communication behaviors. The growers utilized local information sources like other farmers more than external sources like extension agents. The study concluded it is necessary to improve extension services and create awareness among growers about modern communication technologies to help them access information that can improve banana cultivation practices.
This document summarizes a study on the association between rice growers' level of knowledge of rice cultivation technology and their personal characteristics. The study was conducted in villages in Hanumangarh district of Rajasthan, India where demonstrations on improved rice cultivation practices had been conducted. A total of 210 rice growers were surveyed, including 105 beneficiaries who participated in the demonstrations and 105 non-beneficiaries. Statistical analysis found significant associations between rice growers' knowledge and variables like education, landholding size, income, social participation and information sources. Age, caste, family type and family size were not significantly associated with knowledge.
The study examined the adoption of mustard production technology among 108 small farmers in Bharatpur district of Rajasthan from 2011-2012. It found that 50% of respondents had adopted the technology to a medium extent. Farmers were most aware of adopting high yielding varieties, time of sowing, seed rate and spacing, but less aware of soil treatment, weed management, and plant protection measures. Higher education, farm power, caste, occupation, social participation, family type, income, and housing pattern promoted greater adoption. Constraints included unavailability of fertilizers and improved seeds during peak seasons, complex weed control methods, high input costs, and pesticide residues reducing fodder availability.
Study of The Public Distribution System in Karnataka vlPratik Shetty
A study was conducted of the Public Distribution System in Bangalore Urban District, Karnataka. The study found that 80% of beneficiaries face serious issues with the current system, including 6% being wrongly denied BPL/APL cards, 38% only being eligible for partial rations due to Aadhar issues, and 36% facing problems with biometric verification. The opportunity cost of collecting rations was estimated to be Rs. 557 per month per family. Additionally, biometrics failed a high 62% of the time, ration quality and quantity were inconsistent, and ration shops were found to be corrupt and unprofessionally run. Recommendations included moving towards a universal PDS, abandoning biometric verification and cou
The aim of this research to analyst agribusiness performance and feasibility of Madura
cattle, especially in Galis region, Madura. The advantages of this research are to give
information’s of Madura cattle agribusiness performance which could use as added value of
rural cattle agribusiness development.
This result done at Galis region, which selected area are Galis subdistrict, Larangan
subdistrict and Pademawu subdistrict by purpossive sampling method on that consideration
Madura cattle population and similarities of Madura cattle management. This is survey
research with observation and respondents interview in current time. This research used
descriptive analysist based on working agribusiness system and Net Farm Income (NFI)analyzed for feasibility analysist.
The conclusion of this research are (1) Madura cattle agribusiness performance in Galis
region was supported by the farmers, but still need optimized by sub-systems unit in order
to develop farmer welfare; (2) Madura cattle agribusiness in Galis region non-feasible from
economic feasibility because of it couldn’t meet the necessities of farmers family needs,
which respondent total lost Rp.3.095.778,- or Rp. 244.615,- /month, meanwhile based on
farmers perseption, their total lost Rp. 321.888,- or Rp. 25.434,- /month with average
business scale 2,71tails/respondent and observed for 4,67 months; and (3) Management
feasibility of Madura cattle agribusiness feasibility performance in this region, classified in
non-feasible management because of the traditional management of cattle agribusiness held
by the farmers.
Problem Identification on Major Cereal Crops Production (A Case of Rupandehi,...BRNSS Publication Hub
A survey was conducted to identify problems on major cereal crop production in Rupandehi district. Three
Village Development Committees (VDCs) were selected purposively from the district. Sample size of 60
as 20 from each VDCs was taken, and the survey was conducted with the face-to-face interview of the
respondents. The collected data were analyzed through statistical package system. In descriptive statistics,
frequency, mean, and standard deviation were used to analyze the data. The index value was used to identify
the major problem of the major cereal crops. The major problems before the cultivation of cereal crops
were found to be unavailability of hybrid seeds, weeds and grass problems, irrigation problems, labors and
mechanization problems, and fertilizers and manures problems, etc. Different problems during cultivation
of cereal crops were found to be irrigation problems, labor problems weeds, fertilizers, insects, pests, and
disease. Similarly, the problems of storage house, storage insects, climate change, and weather condition
and threshing problems, etc., were found to be the post-harvest problems in cereal crops cultivation.
The National Agricultural Innovation Project (NAIP) was launched in India in 2006 to promote innovations in agricultural technology. It was implemented in four districts of southern Rajasthan, including Dungarpur district. The study evaluated the effectiveness of NAIP's livestock-based integrated farming systems model among tribal beneficiaries in Dungarpur district. It found that over 90% of farmers expressed moderate strengths of NAIP. The strongest aspects included green fodder production, milk production, use of agricultural implements, animal feeding patterns, artificial insemination, and use of processing equipment. Areas like savings, use of biogas plants, and composting were seen as comparatively weaker. The study concluded NAIP was most effective in the six
The document summarizes a study on the problems faced by rice farmers in Pakistan. It finds that the major production-related problems reported by farmers are high fertilizer prices and counterfeiting issues (reported by 85% of farmers), shortage of canal water (65.83% of farmers), and high prices of agricultural inputs (61.66% of farmers). For crop protection, farmers said pesticides and fungicides were costly and ineffective. Marketing problems included unsatisfactory prices, poor transportation and storage, and lack of knowledge about market prices. Overall, farmers expressed dissatisfaction with government efforts to address their problems.
Access to information on veterinary services among small ruminant farmers in ...AI Publications
This document summarizes a study that investigated small ruminant farmers' access to veterinary services in Surulere Local Government Area of Oyo State, Nigeria. The study found that most respondents were male, between 20-49 years old, and had some formal education. The majority received information on veterinary services through phone calls, radio advertisements, and personal interactions with veterinary doctors. However, constraints to access included low literacy levels and inadequate extension services. While most farmers considered vaccination and deworming services to be frequently accessible, procedures like castration were less so. The results indicate a need for more education and extension outreach to improve small ruminant farming in the area.
Banana is the most widely consumed fruit, and is an attractive perennial fruit crop for small farmers. This is due to its high economic gains throughout the year
compared to other crops like rice and wheat. Apart from the imputed value of family effort, the other effects like cost of production, on the whole income etc., are not
favorable to the small farmers. Their agricultural lands depend on torrential rains. The greater parts of the lands are rain-fed areas. If the monsoon fails, then the
farmers will be in hitch. In these circumstances, the government should shore up the agriculturists by granting financial assistance. Different strategies should be
adopted to reduce the losses taking place out of high humid content of the banana. The banana is also fatally affected by some ailment. Therefore, an enduring research
station may be elevated to protect the banana from various syndromes. By examining various research results as one; the government generates awareness among the
farmers concerning banana cultivation and may push more farmers to cultivate this precious food, which is greatly vital in our habitual diet system. Among 29 districts
of Tamil Nadu, Thoothukudi district ranks first in exporting banana. So thoothukudi district is selected for the present study.
This document summarizes a study on the public distribution system (PDS) in India and its implications for poverty and food security. It provides background on the PDS and outlines the study's data sources and methodology. The study finds that over time, access to the PDS expanded significantly across India as the ratio of market to PDS prices increased. The PDS was also found to be generally inclusive of disadvantaged groups. The study estimates the PDS contributed to reductions in poverty and calorie deficiency, particularly for vulnerable groups. Participation in the PDS was determined by various demographic and socioeconomic factors.
Role Performance and Relationship between the Selected Characteristics of the...inventionjournals
Farm school serve as a mechanism for farmer to farmer extension at every block or tehsil. Role performance of the respondents towards ATMA has shown its prescribed role and their relative success or failure. A study was undertaken to know role performance and relationship between the selected characteristics and role performance towards farm school. The study was conducted in eight farm schools of Sri Ganganager District of Rajasthan with a sample of 160 farmers working on farm school. The findings inferred that majority (68.75%) of the respondents of Farm School fall in the category of moderate performance of role followed by 25.00 and 06.25 per cent of them fall in the poor and good role performance categories respectively. The result clearly indicates that the farmers were highly influenced by the farm school of ATMA project running in their area.
The document summarizes a study on the adoption of recommended wheat interventions among beneficiary and non-beneficiary farmers in Udaipur district of Rajasthan, India. Key findings of the study include:
1) The majority (59.17%) of beneficiary and non-beneficiary farmers exhibited medium levels of adoption of recommended wheat interventions. Beneficiary farmers displayed higher levels of adoption compared to non-beneficiaries.
2) Beneficiary farmers exhibited higher levels of adoption (81.18-90.93%) of seed mini-kits, sowing times, seed rates, row spacing, and sowing depths compared to non-beneficiaries (28.25-41.87%).
3) Benef
Estimating productivity gap and contribution of wheat productionsanaullah noonari
Shaheed Benazirabad farmers were divided into groups named high yield group, medium yield group and low
yield group. The farmers applied an average of 45.27 kg, 45.82 kg and45.18 kg seed per acre respectively.
Though, there is not a very large difference in average seed used by both farmer groups but the later used less
quantity of wheat seed per acre to some extent. The impact of different factors on these groups was measured
through multiple liner regression models. It was found that there exists a yield gap of 17.84 mounds per acre
between high yield group and research station. The yield gap between medium and high group was 8.02 Mds per
acre while the yield gap between medium group and low yield group was 5.93 Mds per acre. The standard error
of estimates F-statics and R-square for high yield group was 0.0623, 2.470 and 0.398 respectively, for medium
yield group 0.0314, 3.231 and 0.486 respectively and for low yield group 0.056, 1.342 and 0.345 respectively.
The other objective of the study was to calculate the growth rate of wheat in District Shaheed Benazirabad
Sindh. The exponential function was used to calculate the growth rate. It was found during study that the growth
rate of wheat in Pakistan was 2.59%, 2.94% growth of wheat in Sindh and in District Shaheed Benazirabad was -
1.17%, 9.75% respectively.
Keywords: Wheat, Productivity, yield gap, F-statics, R-square, Benazirabad, Pakistan.
The document discusses potato farming in the Sabarkantha district of Gujarat, India. It finds that:
1) The majority (56.67%) of potato growers were in the middle age group, and the majority (35.83%) had a high secondary level of education.
2) Most potato growers had medium levels of social participation (60.83%), land holdings (42.50% semi-medium), annual income (67.50% medium), and extension participation (71.67% medium).
3) The most commonly adopted irrigation method was drip irrigation, used by 61.67% of potato growers.
A milk marketing system for pastoralists of Kilosa district in Tanzania: mark...Premier Publishers
This document summarizes a study on the milk marketing system for pastoralists in Kilosa district, Tanzania. The study found that the pastoral milk marketing system was profitable but not efficient. Net profits per liter were highest for producers at TZS 332, followed by retailers at TZS 141 and vendors at TZS 65. The market structure was a weak oligopoly with lack of standards, grades or product differentiation signaling inefficiency. To improve the system, the study recommends promoting commercialization through community extension services, village banks, training processors and pastoralists in proper handling, and milking techniques.
The study explored fodder value chains in Bihar, India. It found that paddy straw and wheat straw account for 95% of marketed fodder. Four supply chain types were identified, with 10% of fodder traded directly between producers and consumers. Traders at different levels facilitate trading. Fodder gains up to 240% in value from producers to consumers. Transportation is a major cost, accounting for 36% of added costs. Lack of storage, policies, and credit were identified as constraints.
The document provides an overview of the evolution of the Public Distribution System (PDS) in Kerala, India. It discusses how the PDS shifted in 1997 from a Universal system to a Targeted system, dividing the population into Below Poverty Line (BPL) and Above Poverty Line (APL) categories. This caused issues as ration shop owners had less incentive to sell goods at subsidized prices and black marketeering increased. Today, 70% of Kerala's population no longer uses the PDS, compared to 95% coverage previously under the Universal system. While the Targeted system was a factor, globalization and new identity/payment cards also reduced reliance on ration cards. Reforms are needed to make
The document summarizes a study on the extent of adoption of cattle management practices by cattle rearers in Latur district, Maharashtra, India. 240 total respondents were selected, including 120 Deoni cattle rearers and 120 non-descriptive cattle rearers. Most Deoni cattle rearers (70%) and non-descriptive cattle rearers (66.66%) had medium levels of overall adoption of cattle management practices. The study also assessed the knowledge levels of the cattle rearers and found that over 74% of Deoni cattle rearers and 62.5% of non-descriptive cattle rearers had medium levels of overall knowledge regarding cattle management practices.
Backyard Poultry Farming, a Suitable Intervention for Tribal People for their...inventionjournals
After analyzing the situation, background and cultural scenario, KVK, Mayurbhanj scientists intervene to make this practice as more productive, remunerative and commercial by introducing improved breeds like Vanaraja, Gramapriya, Kharagnath etc. those are phenotypically similar to existing poultry population. The benefit and cost ratio in Vanaraja and local breeds recorded as 2.66 and 2.27 respectively in Assam as found by Islam et al (2015).The 21 days old chicks were being supplied to the various SHGs, individual growers etc. They were trained about the minimal management practice, vaccination, feeding etc. To find out the effectiveness of the technology the study was made with an objective to assess the knowledge gained and adoption of the technology alongwith the constraints faced and suggestion for better penetration from the respondents. From the list of practicing farmers of KVK under improved backyard poultry farming, hundred numbers of respondents were selected randomly. From the study it was found that moderate knowledge was gained by the respondents on the improved poultry farming and adoption was satisfactory with 64.0 and 21.0 percentages in medium and high categories respectively. The respondents perceived as the unavailability of structured market structure was the major constraint and mostly suggested for the establishment of assured market system.There is huge scope & perspective in the improved poultry farming in the district. The farmers are very much spirited and enthusiastic to adopt the enterprise in entrepreneurship basis. Although the quality of egg and meat of improved breeds is at par with the local breeds, there is very wide gap in the price of local and exotic breeds. But the traders are manipulating the tribal farmers. In this respect the market system should the strengthened.
Livestock improvement in small and marginal farmers in west bengalDr.Shabahat Mumtaz
Lower Gangetic Plain Region.
Annual rainfall -100 -200 cm.
Rice is the main crop.
Jute, maize, potato, and pulses are important crops.
One of the pillars of state’s rural economy is Animal Husbandry.
Contributing 3.89 % of the SDP and 20.34% of its agriculture production.
Establishment of proper breeding plan for dairy animal, bull mother farms, promoting A.I services
Suitable plan and strategy for increasing availability of feed, fodder and proper storage
Timely prophylactic measures and emergency services for treatment
Provide education to the farmers: knowledge about the scientific farming, awareness camp.
Implementation of modern tools for enhancing productive and reproductive performances
This document summarizes a presentation on the impact of integrated farming systems on rural livelihoods in Hakha Township, Chin State, Myanmar. It discusses how traditional shifting cultivation is in decline and yields are decreasing. Integrated farming systems that combine crops, horticulture, animal husbandry, forage, and agroforestry are being implemented. The study aims to investigate current integrated farming practices, analyze livelihoods of farming and landless households, and determine the relationship between integrated farming and livelihoods. The research methodology involves surveys of 110 households across 5 villages. The expected outcomes are improved farming systems, increased production and yields, and better nutrition and health from adoption of integrated practices.
This document summarizes a study on the handling, processing, and marketing of cow's milk in the urban and peri-urban areas of Dangila Town, Ethiopia. The study assessed existing dairy production systems, milk handling practices, traditional processing methods, and marketing channels. A total of 90 dairy farms (45 urban and 45 peri-urban) were surveyed using questionnaires. The local breeds in the area were Fogera and indigenous Zebu, while crossbreeds included local x Holstein Friesian. Traditional processing included butter, ghee, soft cheese, and blended cheese production. Marketing channels for milk and products were individuals, hotels/cafeterias, and cooperatives. The main challenge to dairy productivity was
Comparative Effects of Different Feeds on Production and Reproduction of Cros...INFOGAIN PUBLICATION
The present study was conducted from January to June 2014, in Gangachara Upazila of Rangpur District, Bangladesh. A sample of 60 cross-bred dairy cows: Local × Holstein Friesian (L×HF) = 30 and Local × Sahiwal (L×Sh) = 30 were selected for in depth study. The average age at first heat, services per conception, age at first calving, post-partum heat period, the average milk production, the average lactation period were observed after feeding three types of feed: type-I (Sweet jamboo grass), type-II (Jomjom Dairy feed) and type-III (Advance Chemical Industry) feeding system. Local × Holstein Friesian (L×HF) cross and Local × Sahiwal (L×Sh) cross cows showed significantly (p<0.05) better results by type-III feeding system compare with the type-I and type-II feeding system.
This document summarizes the key findings of a survey on food knowledge, attitudes, and practices conducted in rural areas of Malawi that are targeted by IFAD-supported agriculture programs. The survey aimed to document local food consumption patterns, levels of dietary diversity, and factors influencing nutritious food consumption. It found that staple crops like maize are widely grown but not properly processed, household diets are dominated by starchy staples with little diversity, and livestock are kept more for income than food. While the programs have increased food availability, nutrition education is still needed to translate this to improved nutrition.
Measuring the cost of production and returns of hyv boro rice farmers :A stud...Kanok Chowdhury
This study is on the measurement of the cost and return of HYV boro rice farmers in comilla district. This study contributes to a better understanding of the factors that influence financial and economic profitability of HYV boro rice. In addition, this study highlights how cost of labor and commodities used in agriculture affect profitability and production of HYV boro rice crop in comilla district.
This document provides information on tribal health in India. It begins with definitions of scheduled tribes and their key features such as geographical isolation, distinct culture, and economic/social backwardness. It then discusses the current state of tribal affairs, noting that India has a large tribal population concentrated in certain regions. It also describes tribal health culture and the traditional health systems utilized. The document outlines several multi-factorial challenges to tribal health, including high poverty/illiteracy, lack of job opportunities, poor health status/infrastructure, and malnutrition. It provides details on common health problems among tribes like alcoholism, waterborne diseases, and genetic disorders. Finally, it describes the Tribal Health Initiative model for healthcare delivery in tribal areas based around
The document discusses a study on the impact of a pumpset supply scheme for tribal farmers in Maharashtra, India. It aims to identify the characteristics that influence the scheme's impact. 150 tribal beneficiaries across 15 villages were surveyed. The study found landholding was significantly correlated with increased agricultural production. Proneness to change was significantly correlated with higher productivity. Landholding and socioeconomic status were highly correlated with increased cropping intensity. Overall, attitude toward the scheme and increased cropping intensity were significantly correlated with higher impact of the pumpset supply scheme. However, changes in production, productivity, and income were not significantly correlated with impact, unlike what was expected.
Transition of smallholder dairy farming system - a micro study in Tamil Nadu,...dthirunavukkarasu
This summary analyzes a study on the transition of smallholder dairy farming systems in Tamil Nadu, India. The study found that opportunities from private sector participation and increasing dairy product demand were not strong enough to retain youth in the industry or increase interest. The traditional integrated crop-dairy model is transitioning to more intensive farming with replacement of stock, mechanization, and less dependence on animal power. Fodder cultivation and higher-yielding animals have increased, while indigenous cattle, buffalo, and crop residue usage have declined.
Adoption Behaviour of Beneficiaries about Scientific Management Practices of ...inventionjournals
This document summarizes a study on the adoption of scientific management practices by beneficiaries of the Rashtriya Krishi Vikas Yojana (RKVY) project in Pali District, Rajasthan, India. The study found that the majority (68.3%) of beneficiaries had a high level of adoption of practices like monitoring estrus cycles, artificial insemination timing, and calf feeding. Education level, animal husbandry experience, and scientific orientation were positively correlated with adoption levels. The major constraints to adoption reported by beneficiaries were high feed costs. The study concluded that promotion of affordable loans could help address constraints and further improve adoption.
Effectiveness of Nutrition Education Program, and Dietary Pattern Assessment ...ijtsrd
Background Being active and adhering to a right dietary regime perpetuates physiological, psychological and social health of the individual. To ameliorate nutritional well being at the time of Covid 19 especially among farmers still a challenge due to lack of awareness and nutrition education program. Farmers are prominent in our nation and source of dependent for safe food they are unperturbed about their dietary pattern which effectuates illness, infection and diseases among farmers. Hence it is necessary to study about their dietary pattern, and educate those regarding safe eating practices, and to sustain good hygiene practices during Covid 19. Objectives The present study was conducted to elicit information regarding the socio demographic profile, medical history and dietary pattern of the farmers. To conduct and to analyze the effect of nutrition education program using the pretest and post test questionnaire. Methodology This experimental research was conducted among one hundred and sixty farmers between 20 to 60 years of age residing in the villages of Ramanathapuram district Tharakudi and Kokkarasankottai respectively using an Interview schedule. This study was conducted in the period of October 2020 to April 2021 after first wave hits India. Flex, Posters and Pamphlets were prepared and used as a tool for conducting Nutrition Education Program. Culmination of Nutrition education program was live demonstration and distribution of Foxtail millet pongal and kabasura kudineer to the farmers as to ignite the importance of traditional millets consumption, locally available fruits and Zinc and Vitamin C rich foods in farmer’s diet to combat the transmission of virus. Pre test and Post test questionnaire were used to assess the practice of eating right and to appraise the impact of nutrition education program. Statistical analysis’t’ test was used to determine the significance of the nutrition education program. Results Majority thirty five percent of the farmers aged above 50 and ninety five percent of the farmers are re using the oil which may induce affliction among farmers. It has been found that forty nine percent of the farmers reported with knee and joint pain and twenty six percent of the farmers had hyper tension. Almost all the farmers are including cereals daily in their diet and Palm oil is the main source of oil which was used in their cooking widely beside sunflower oil. Live demonstration of Foxtail millet pongal and kabasura kudineer were administered. Group counseling and in matter of necessity, personal counseling was also given to the farmers. Result reveals that there is a significant difference p 0.05 before and after the nutrition education program. Conclusion Value of Traditional foods, consumption of fruits and vegetables has been re recognized during the times of Covid 19. Nevertheless they don’t give great significance to their dietary pattern, Nutrition Education Program was conducted to empower the farmers and to fil
Knowledge level of dairy farmers about improved breeding and health care prac...ijtsrd
This study was conducted to assess the knowledge level of dairy farmers in Punjab. A total of 250 dairy farmers were randomly selected from the farmers visiting Veterinary clinics of GADVASU, and participating in various extension programmes, various training programmes, animal welfare camps and pashu palan mela. The relevant information was collected through a structured interview schedule. It was observed that 64.8 per cent of the farmers have medium level of knowledge regarding breeding practices whereas 15.2 per cent farmers have high level of knowledge. It was observed that majority of the large farmers, 100 per cent have knowledge regarding heat detection and 86.11 per cent have knowledge regarding time of heat detection. The medium farmers and large farmers also possessed higher knowledge regarding vaccination of animals. It was observed that control of ectoparasite was known by 89.2 per cent of the respondents. N Laldinpuii | S K Kansal | H K Verma | J S Bhatti"Knowledge level of dairy farmers about improved breeding and health care practices in Punjab" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-2 | Issue-3 , April 2018, URL: http://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd10784.pdf http://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/10784/knowledge-level-of-dairy-farmers-about-improved-breeding-and-health-care-practices-in-punjab/n-laldinpuii
New Developments in the field of Didactics: Application for Enhancement of Ex...Premier Publishers
The study was carried out in uMzingwane district of Matabeleland South province in Zimbabwe to identify practical strategies that can be used to enhance agricultural knowledge among agriculture scholars. The research applied both tacit and informal theories (Schraw and Moshman, 1995) to identify ideal approaches in adult learning aimed to create scope for researching on agriculture learning didactics. A multi-stage random sampling was used to select 65 agriculturists (farmers) to which structured questionnaires were randomly administered. The data was analysed using a Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS, 2013). Farmers prefer learning through demonstrations (63%), participatory appraisals (17%) and question and answer (10%). There was an association in learning didactics using demonstration methods and word instruction: (X2=11.673, P<0.05). There was also strong positive correlation (r=0.8) between knowledge application using field trials and open or field days. Role plays seemed to out of be out of fashion (r=0.2). Training in agriculture should be holistic and emphasize on application of theory into practice. Some developments in the field of didactics are in harmony with training methods and approaches but they underscore the importance of matching training goals to individual, sector and national skills. There is need to rationalize and select cost effective teaching methods that consider institutional and national resource.
The peer-reviewed International Journal of Engineering Inventions (IJEI) is started with a mission to encourage contribution to research in Science and Technology. Encourage and motivate researchers in challenging areas of Sciences and Technology.
Relationship between Profile and Food Consumption Pattern of Tribal Families ...Agriculture Journal IJOEAR
This document examines the relationship between profile characteristics and food consumption patterns of tribal families in Palghar district, India. A study was conducted with 120 tribal family respondents. Statistical analysis found that family education status, family size, annual income, cropping pattern, and resource availability had a positive and significant relationship with food consumption patterns. Major occupation, land holding, farming experience, and social participation did not have a significant relationship with food consumption patterns. The results indicate extension workers should consider these profile characteristics when planning programs to develop tribal families in Palghar district.
This paper examines the profile of the tribal families from Palghar district. The study was conducted at the Palghar district. A sample of 120 tribal families were considered as respondents for present study. The respondents were interviewed with the help of specially designed schedule. Collected data was classified, tabulated and analysed by using various statistical method. The result of the study showed that most of the respondents have 'medium' family education status, 'medium' family size, 'medium' annual family income, 'cultivation' as their major occupation, 'marginal' land holding, 'fair' cropping pattern, 'medium' farming experience and 'low' social participation. The extension workers should consider these facts while planning and executing programmes for development of the tribal families living in Palghar district.
Fulani Sedentarisation in Santa Subdivision of the Northwest Region of Camero...AI Publications
This study was set up to assess the possibilities of co-habitation between the Fulani pastoralists and the native crop farmers in Santa North West Region of Cameroon. This was linked to the Fulani sedentarisation in the area. The main objective of this study was to provide a fairly comprehensive analysis that would improve our understanding on a better co-habitation between the Fulani grazers and crop farmers in Santa Sub division. Particular emphasis was placed on the socio-ecological relationships that have developed between the Fulani pastoralists and the cultivating communities. The specific objectives were: to investigate the reasons for Fulani sedentarisation in Santa sub division of the North West Region of Cameroon; to examine the impact of Fulani sedentarisation on environmental resources of Santa subdivision; to investigate the reasons for the emergence of conflicts and to assess the possibilities of co- habitation. Our data were collected using questionnaires and interviews, from a sample size of 100 people out of which 50 grazers and 50 crop farmers using the simple random sampling technique. The data were equally analysed through the aid of Microsoft excel 2010 and SPSS. Also, the Department for International development (DFID) and the Sustainable Livelihoods Approach (SLA) was used to analyse our data. The study had three hypotheses to test and two were fully confirmed while one was not affirmed by the results of our findings. Further results showed that the sedentarisation of the pastoral Fulani and the change in their livelihood strategies has led to their impoverishment. Sedentarisation of the Fulani has contributed to the growing pressure on agricultural lands, thereby threatening the integrity of the environment in the expansion areas of Santa subdivision. The tendency for persistent conflict is due to population growth and expansion. Results show that major causes of farmer-grazer conflicts identified in the study were competition over land, cattle tress passes, encroachment and struggle for leadership. A number of conflict resolution methods were also identified such as dialogue platforms. Traditional councils, farmer-grazer committees, agro-pastoral commissions. Some recommendations were made to the government, local authorities and the concerned parties. Some of these are “intensification of agricultural activities alongside appropriate inputs such as improved seeds, alliance farming among others should be practiced to reduce the pressure on land for agro-pastoral activities.
This document discusses goat farming as a tool for poverty reduction in Bangladesh. It notes that goat farming can provide sustainable livelihoods and income for small farmers and the rural poor. Goat rearing is particularly suitable given the short generation time of goats, their high prolificacy and market value. The document then discusses the characteristics and challenges of goat farming in Bangladesh, focusing on the native Black Bengal breed. It notes that collective action through goat clusters can help farmers access services and markets. The conclusion is that goat farming has significant potential to improve food security and livelihoods in rural Bangladesh if supported by improved practices, infrastructure, and policy support.
How to Make a Field Mandatory in Odoo 17Celine George
In Odoo, making a field required can be done through both Python code and XML views. When you set the required attribute to True in Python code, it makes the field required across all views where it's used. Conversely, when you set the required attribute in XML views, it makes the field required only in the context of that particular view.
বাংলাদেশের অর্থনৈতিক সমীক্ষা ২০২৪ [Bangladesh Economic Review 2024 Bangla.pdf] কম্পিউটার , ট্যাব ও স্মার্ট ফোন ভার্সন সহ সম্পূর্ণ বাংলা ই-বুক বা pdf বই " সুচিপত্র ...বুকমার্ক মেনু 🔖 ও হাইপার লিংক মেনু 📝👆 যুক্ত ..
আমাদের সবার জন্য খুব খুব গুরুত্বপূর্ণ একটি বই ..বিসিএস, ব্যাংক, ইউনিভার্সিটি ভর্তি ও যে কোন প্রতিযোগিতা মূলক পরীক্ষার জন্য এর খুব ইম্পরট্যান্ট একটি বিষয় ...তাছাড়া বাংলাদেশের সাম্প্রতিক যে কোন ডাটা বা তথ্য এই বইতে পাবেন ...
তাই একজন নাগরিক হিসাবে এই তথ্য গুলো আপনার জানা প্রয়োজন ...।
বিসিএস ও ব্যাংক এর লিখিত পরীক্ষা ...+এছাড়া মাধ্যমিক ও উচ্চমাধ্যমিকের স্টুডেন্টদের জন্য অনেক কাজে আসবে ...
This slide is special for master students (MIBS & MIFB) in UUM. Also useful for readers who are interested in the topic of contemporary Islamic banking.
A review of the growth of the Israel Genealogy Research Association Database Collection for the last 12 months. Our collection is now passed the 3 million mark and still growing. See which archives have contributed the most. See the different types of records we have, and which years have had records added. You can also see what we have for the future.
How to Add Chatter in the odoo 17 ERP ModuleCeline George
In Odoo, the chatter is like a chat tool that helps you work together on records. You can leave notes and track things, making it easier to talk with your team and partners. Inside chatter, all communication history, activity, and changes will be displayed.
Strategies for Effective Upskilling is a presentation by Chinwendu Peace in a Your Skill Boost Masterclass organisation by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan on 08th and 09th June 2024 from 1 PM to 3 PM on each day.
it describes the bony anatomy including the femoral head , acetabulum, labrum . also discusses the capsule , ligaments . muscle that act on the hip joint and the range of motion are outlined. factors affecting hip joint stability and weight transmission through the joint are summarized.
ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, and GDPR: Best Practices for Implementation and...PECB
Denis is a dynamic and results-driven Chief Information Officer (CIO) with a distinguished career spanning information systems analysis and technical project management. With a proven track record of spearheading the design and delivery of cutting-edge Information Management solutions, he has consistently elevated business operations, streamlined reporting functions, and maximized process efficiency.
Certified as an ISO/IEC 27001: Information Security Management Systems (ISMS) Lead Implementer, Data Protection Officer, and Cyber Risks Analyst, Denis brings a heightened focus on data security, privacy, and cyber resilience to every endeavor.
His expertise extends across a diverse spectrum of reporting, database, and web development applications, underpinned by an exceptional grasp of data storage and virtualization technologies. His proficiency in application testing, database administration, and data cleansing ensures seamless execution of complex projects.
What sets Denis apart is his comprehensive understanding of Business and Systems Analysis technologies, honed through involvement in all phases of the Software Development Lifecycle (SDLC). From meticulous requirements gathering to precise analysis, innovative design, rigorous development, thorough testing, and successful implementation, he has consistently delivered exceptional results.
Throughout his career, he has taken on multifaceted roles, from leading technical project management teams to owning solutions that drive operational excellence. His conscientious and proactive approach is unwavering, whether he is working independently or collaboratively within a team. His ability to connect with colleagues on a personal level underscores his commitment to fostering a harmonious and productive workplace environment.
Date: May 29, 2024
Tags: Information Security, ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, Artificial Intelligence, GDPR
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1. Research Article
Perceived Training Needs of Dair y Farmers Regarding
erceived Training Farmers Regar
egarding
Farming Practices Relation
Improved Dair y Farming Practices and its Relation with
Traits Region
their Socio -economic Traits in Bundelkhand Region
B. P. S. Rajput1, N.C. Sahu2, Kamala Kant 3 and Ram Kumar4
National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal-132001 (Haryana)
The study was conducted in Bundelkhand region in 2010. Hamirpur district of Uttar Pradesh
and Chhatarpur district of Madhya Pradesh were selected purposively. 160 respondents were
included for investigation. The data was collected by personal interview schedule and collected
data was scored, tabulated and subjected to statistical analysis. It was found that marginal
farmers shown maximum perceived training needs in fodder production (77.23%) followed by
Small farmers reporting to have highest perceived training in management (76.17%), semi-
medium farmers in the area of fodder production (73.10%), however Medium farmers had shown
maximum perceived training needs in the area of management (71.68%), Large farmers had
maximum perceived training needs in the area of health-care (78.33%). In case of all categories,
farmers had maximum perceived training needs in healthcare followed by fodder production,
management, feeding and breeding, respectively. Correlation test showed that social participation,
extension contact, mass media exposure and knowledge of respondent were negatively significant
with perceived training needs at 5% level of significance in relation to improved dairy farming
practices. The results of the study will help the Extension agencies to develop suitable training
programmes and strategies for the dairy farmers, livestock development department in planning
the development programmes for livestock keepers in the area of Bundelkhand.
Keywords: Dairy farmers, improved dairy farming and perceived training needs
INTRODUCTION or wheat in term of values of output, milk is
now the single largest agricultural commodity
I n the present scenario, characterized by
increasing population pressure on land, in India (Bhasin, 2008). Bovine and small
fragmentation of land holding by the application ruminants rearing are an integral part of
of succession laws, and higher degree of risk agrigarian economy of Bundelkhand and
and uncertainty in crop production, the role of contribute significantly to the livelihood of farmers
animal husbandry and dairying becomes more especially women headed, landless and small
vital in supplementing the family income and farmers. Crop cultivation and animal rearing
generating gainful employment to the weaker alone constitutes more than 90% of the overall
section of society, particularly to small, marginal livelihood. Animal Husbandry and dairying play
farmers and landless agriculture labours. By far, a major role in farmer economy here but the
the most significant aspect of this sector is the yielding capacity of animals is very poor due to
role played by it in improving the economic lot poor breeding, feeding and management. The
of million of rural families, as it provides total population of livestock and poultry is 5.85
insurance against crop failure, besides generating million. Cattle population is double of goat or
a regular source of income and employment. buffalo population but cross bred cattle account
According to the estimates of the central for only 0.5 per cent against the National average
statistical organization, the value of output from of about 15 per cent non-descript indigenous
livestock was about Rs. 1, 73,350 crore at current cattle of very low productivity account for major
prices in 2005-2006. Milk accounted for 68 population (Livestock census, 2003). In this
percent of this output. It was higher than paddy region free range grazing system (stray animal)
1. Veterinary Officer, Uttar Pradesh, 2&3. Ph.D. Scholars, Dairy Extension, NDRI, Karnal and 4. Head and Principal
Scientist, Dairy Extension Division, NDRI, Karnal, Haryana
2012-055 Received:April 2012; Accepted:July 2012
342
2. Training Needs of Dairy Farmers
is very prevalent especially goat, sheep and randomly selected villages. Respondents were
indigenous cattle. Stall feeding is limited only the active member and the decision maker about
to buffalo, basically in irrigated area. dairy farming in their family. The relevant
Undernourishment during recent drought of 4 variables for the present study were selected
years has made the bovine population relatively on the basis of extensive review of literature,
infertile. Dairy animals possess long dry period consultation with scientists and also based on
and calving interval. Due to improper or theoretical relationship. The information was
underfeeding they become infertile leading gleaned through well structured and pre-tested
unproductiveness. There may be many reasons interview schedule by interviewing the dairy
associated with each problem but the common farmers. To determine training needs, schedule
reasons behind all problems is the lack of was developed. These were determined with the
training in production (breeding, feeding, help of three points continuum, viz., seriously
healthcare and disease management) and needed, needed and not needed at all with
processing , marketing and finances related to respective scores of '2' , '1' and '0'. Perceived
dairy farming. Without the training no one able training needs of individual practices were
to adopt latest technologies for dairy development, determined after taking in to consideration its
only training can help in the improvement of respective obtained score. On the basis of
dairy farming practices to boost up farmers perceived training need score, all respondents
knowledge, skill, attitude, and value for making were categorized in to three groups, viz., low
a better improvement for better living. It has medium and high by using mean and standard
been proved that maximum milk production could deviation. To measure the extent of training
be achieved if all the recommended dairy practices needs 'training needs index' was calculated by
were adopted. (Raut and Chole, 1991). Training following formula:
can play a pivotal role in increasing individuals' Total obtained score
knowledge, skill, attitude and values which in Perceived training
turn will prompt farmers to adopt latest needs index = ---------------------------------x 100
technologies in dairy farming. Keeping this in Maximum obtainable score
mind, therefore, an effort was made through
this study to find out "Perceived Training Needs The statistical analysis of tabulated data was
of Dairy Farmers Regarding Improved Dairy done to establish the relationship of selected
Farming Practices and its relation with their traits of dairy farmers with perceived training
Socio-economic Traits". needs.
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
The study was conducted in two districts of In the present study a perceived training need
Bundelkhand region, Hamirpur district of UP refers to training need perceived by farmers
region and Chhatarpur district of MP region. themselves in improved dairy farming practices.
Both the districts were purposely selected because Selected Socio-economic traits of the
of rich in livestock population. Two blocks from respondents
each district viz; Rath and Gohand blocks from An attempt was made to describe briefly the
Hamirpur district and Chhatarpur and Naugoan different trait of farmers taken as respondents
blocks from Chhatarpur district were selected for this study. Table-1 presented the summary
randomly. All blocks are having more or less of the profile of the farmers.
same demographic features, cultural system,
Majority (52.50%) of the dairy farmers belonged
and agricultural situation. Two villages from
to middle age group ranging from 36 to 50 years
each block were selected randomly. Twenty
of age followed by the category of old (>50 yrs)
respondents, on the basis of land holding & who
and young (<36 yrs) which accounted for 16.88
were having at least one milch animal were
per cent and 30.63 per cent respectively. 14.38
selected by proportionate stratified random
percent of the respondents were illiterate, 13.75
sampling. Complete enumeration was done of
per cent were functionally literate, 10.00 per
randomly selected villages. Total 160 respondents
cent were educated up to primary, 25.00 per
were selected proportionally from the eight
cent up to middle level, 14.38 per cent were up
343 Indian J. Dairy Sci. 65(4), 2012
3. B.P.S.Rajput et al.
to secondary or metric, 11.25 per cent were Distribution of the farmers according to their
educated up to higher secondary level and only perceived training needs in major areas of dairy
11.25 per cent were graduate and above. The farming
study showed that majority of dairy farmers, i.e., The given Table 2 revealed that in breeding
(69.37%) belonged to medium category followed area maximum numbers of farmers, i.e., (81.87%)
by large (17.50%) and small (13.12%) respectively. were in medium category of perceived training
Majority 91.88 per cent of the respondents were needs followed by 10.00 and 8.13 per cent in
having no membership in any organization high and low categories of perceived training
followed by 5.00 per cent who were members of needs respectively. Although perceived training
two organizations and 2.50 per cent were needs regarding breeding was medium but most
members in one organisations & only 0.63 of the respondents reared indigenous breed. The
percent were members of three organisations. reason behind it may be, semen for A.I. was not
This implied that the social participation of the available required quantity and timely, most of
respondent was low. More than 50.00 per cent the farmers were dependent on natural service.
of member (56.87%) belonged to the medium In case of feeding most of the farmers (83.75%)
category of milk production whereas, only 1.87 felt medium level training needs followed by 17.50
per cent was in the high category of milk and 11.25 per cent in low and high level of training
production. Most of the dairy farmers (75.00%) needs categories respectively. Most of the farmers
were found selling less than one litre of milk preferred training need in 'urea treatment
daily. Majority i.e.70.62 per cent farmers had technology' to increase nutritive value of their
low extension contact whereas 73.12 per cent wheat straw and "preparation of balance ration".
farmers had high level of mass media exposure. In the area of management most of the farmers
Table 1: Selected socio-economic traits of the respondents
(n=160)
Characteristics Categories Respondents
Frequency Percentage
Age (in years) Low(<36) 49 30.63
Medium(36-50) 84 52.50
High(>50) 27 16.88
Education Illiterate 23 14.38
Functionally literate 22 13.75
Primary 16 10.00
Middle 40 25.00
Secondary (up to metric) 23 14.38
Higher secondary (up to 12th ) 18 11.25
Graduate and above 18 11.25
Social participation No membership 147 91.88
Membership of one organisation 4 2.50
Membership of two organisations 8 5.00
Membership of three organisations 1 0.63
Milk production (litres) Low (<2.27) 66 41.25
Medium (2.27-6.34) 91 56.87
High (>6.34) 3 1.87
Milk sale (lit/day) Low (<1) 120 75.00
Medium (1-2) 28 17.50
High (>2) 12 7.50
Extension contact Low (<1.8) 113 70.62
Medium (1.8-3.26) 26 16.25
High (>3.26) 21 13.13
Mass media exposure Low (<5.11) 17 10.62
Medium (5.11-8.61) 26 16.26
High (>8.61) 117 73.12
344
4. Training Needs of Dairy Farmers
(75.00%) felt medium level of training needs Distribution of different categories of farmers
followed by 17.50 and 7.50 per cent low and high in major areas of dairy farming related with
level training needs categories respectively. perceived training needs
In case of health care, it is obvious from Table Table 3 revealed that marginal farmers had
that majority of the farmers (77.50%) felt medium maximum perceived training needs in fodder
level of training needs followed by 11.25 and production (77.23%) followed by management
11.25 percent in low and high level of training (76.56%), feeding (76.34%), health-care (75.63%)
need categories respectively. Fodder production and breeding (71.25%), respectively.
was the area in which, 75.63 per cent of farmers Small farmers had maximum perceived training
were in medium level of perceived training need in management (76.17%) followed by health-care
in comparison to other areas. In this area, (76.05%), fodder production (75.00%), feeding
farmers who felt low training needs were 6.88 (72.74%) and in breeding (72.11%), respectively.
per cent. Only 17.50 per cent farmers felt high Semi-medium farmers had maximum perceived
level of training needs. training need in the area of fodder production
These findings are in line with those of Asif (73.10%) followed by health-care (72.98%), feeding
(2006) and Lal (2004) related to improved dairy (71.58%), management (71.28%) and breeding
farming practices. Asif (2006) revealed that (64.68%) respectively. Medium farmers had
majority of the respondents (70.31%) fall in maximum perceived training needs in the area
medium training needs category followed by low of management (71.68%) followed by health-care
training needs (21.88%) and high training needs (71.61%), feeding (71.43%), fodder production
(7.81%) respondents whereas Lal (2004) found (70.28%) and breeding (65.48%), respectively.
that the majority of the respondents were in Large farmers had maximum perceived training
medium and low level of knowledge in breeding, needs in the area of health-care with the
feeding, management and health care. Therefore percentage of (78.33%) followed by management
he concluded that there was a training need of (73.61%), fodder production (72.62%), feeding
the respondents in all areas i.e. breeding, feeding, (70.83%), and breeding (68.33%) respectively.
management and health care. In case of all categories, farmers had maximum
Table 2: Distribution of respondents according to Perceived training needs
(n=160)
Perceived training need Category Respondents
Frequency Percentage
Breeding Low (<5.50) 13 8.12
Medium (5.50-8.14) 131 81.87
High (>8.14) 16 10.00
Feeding Low (<8.89) 8 5.00
Medium (8,89-11.38) 134 83.75
High (>11.38) 18 11.25
Management Low (<11.44) 28 17.50
Medium (11.44-15.11) 120 75.00
High (>15.11) 12 7.50
Health-care Low (<6.36) 18 11.25
Medium (6.36-8.51) 124 77.50
High (>8.51) 18 11.25
Fodder production Low (<8.98) 11 6.88
Medium (8.98-11.69) 121 75.63
High (>11.69) 28 17.50
POOLED Low (<43.16) 23 14.38
Medium (43.16-52.92) 118 73.75
High (>52.92) 19 11.88
345 Indian J. Dairy Sci. 65(4), 2012
5. B.P.S.Rajput et al.
Table 3: Distribution of different categories of farmers in major areas of dairy
farming related with perceived training needs
(n=160)
Farmers category Breeding Feeding Management Health Fodder Pooled
Marginal 71.25 76.34 76.56 75.63 77.23 75.71
Small 72.11 72.74 76.17 76.05 75.00 74.56
Semi-Medium 64.68 71.58 71.28 72.98 73.10 70.99
Medium 65.48 71.43 71.68 71.61 70.28 70.38
Large 68.33 70.83 73.61 78.33 72.62 72.73
Pooled 68.19 72.72 73.75 74.38 73.79 72.79
perceived training needs in health care followed was reported to be highest by the pooled sample
by fodder production, management, feeding and of dairy farmers, followed by knowledge and
breeding, respectively. Whereas, maximum diagnosis of common disease and first aid
training needs was required by marginal farmers treatment of common ailment respectively. The
followed by small, large, semi-medium and similar trend was found in case of marginal,
medium dairy farmers, respectively. small, semi-medium, medium and large farmers.
In the field of breeding, training needs about However the maximum percentages of training
knowledge of high yielding breeds and their in all aspects of health- care were perceived in
selection was reported to be highest by the pooled large, marginal, and small farmers.
sample of dairy farmers, followed by artificial The training regarding fodder production,
insemination and identification of heat symptoms preservation of green fodder was reported to be
in animals. Almost the same trend was found highest by the pooled sample of dairy farmers,
in case of all marginal, small, semi-medium, followed by crop rotation for availability of green
medium and large categories of dairy farmers. fodder round the year and knowledge about the
However the maximum percentage of training high yielding fodder crops respectively. The almost
needs in all aspects of breeding practices were same trend was found in marginal, small, semi-
perceived by marginal and small farmers. medium and large farmers. However the
The training regarding feeding, feeding of mineral maximum percentages of training in all aspects
mixture and legumes was reported to be highest of fodder production were perceived in large, small
by the pooled sample of dairy farmers, followed and semi-medium farmer
by balance feed and its composition and time of Relational analysis
feeding in animals. The same trend was found The results in the Table-4 revealed that education
in case of all marginal, small, semi-medium, is negatively and significantly correlated with
medium and large categories of dairy farmers. perceived training needs at 1% level of
However the maximum percentage of training significance, Social participation, extension
needs in all aspects of feeding practices were contact, mass media exposure, and knowledge
perceived in marginal, large and small farmers. of respondent are negative and significantly
The training needs regarding management, correlated with perceived training needs at
keeping records of milk production was reported 5%level of significance in relation to improved
to be highest by the pooled sample of dairy farmers, dairy farming practices.
followed by dewarming of the animals and care CONCLUSIONS
at time of calving respectively. The almost same On the whole it could be concluded that the
trend was found in case of marginal, small, semi- majority of the farmers were under medium
medium, medium and large farmers. However category of perceived training needs regarding
the maximum percentages of training in all improved dairy farming practices. The maximum
aspects of management were perceived in large, extent of perceived training needs regarding
medium and marginal farmers. improved dairy farming practices was found in
The training needs regarding health-care, Marginal farmers and was minimum in medium
ectoparasite and endoparasite control in animals categories of farmers. Finally, it was extracted
346
6. Training Needs of Dairy Farmers
Table 4: Relationship of perceived training needs of Bundelkhand.
with selected traits of farmers
(n=160) REFERENCES
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Social participation -0.2082** dairy entrepreneurs of Murshidabad district of West
Extension Contact -0.3251** Bengal. M.Sc. Thesis, (Unpublished) NDRI, Karnal.
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Knowledge of respondent -0.4114** 60(11):3-5.
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347 Indian J. Dairy Sci. 65(4), 2012