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11515039 emr105 a2
- 1. Health, Sport andPhysical Activity Presentation EMR105 Assessment Task 2 Danielle Andrews Student number: 11515039
- 2. Anxiety Disorders • Youngpeople aged between 18-24 – 1 in 10 affected by some anxiety disorder. Eg. Social anxiety. • About half of people with anxiety disorders experience first symptom by the age of 11. • Some causes are genetics, being female, personality temperament, and drug and alcohol abuse. • Anxiety increases the pulse and breathing rate. • Some long term effects are high blood pressure and panic attacks.
- 3. Diabetes • 55,900 peopleaged between birth to 34 years have diabetes. • Type 2 diabetes is most common in Australia. • Type 1 diabetes is caused by the body not producing insulin, whereas type 2 is caused by the body not producing ENOUGH insulin for proper function. • Type 1 is genetic, whilst type 2 can be caused by other factors such as obesity. • Short term effects include low blood glucose. • Long term effects can cause harm to several parts of the body, such as the eyes and skin.
- 4. Asthma • Asthma ismore prevalent in the older generation. • More boys than girls with asthma in the younger years. • Children stay in hospitals for half as long as adults when it comes to asthma. • There are many causes, which vary from person to person. • Long and short term effects are the same.
- 5. Physical activity andsport help Australian youth better their health outcomes.
- 6. Physical Activity –physical benefits. • Physical activity is brilliant for the mind and body. • Reduces the risk of many diseases and illnesses. • Helps with sleep and mental capacity.
- 7. Physical Activity –social benefits • Just as important as the physical aspect. • Social sport and physical activity can keep older children motivated. • Social skills improve through team sports and physical activity undertaken in groups of friends. E.g. communication skills. • Can make children feel needed and included if they are a part of a team.
- 8. The Role ofSchools • Make physical activity and sport fun for all students to increase participation and enjoyment. • Teach students about the different types of physical activity, as well as nutrition. • Support healthy lifestyles. • Have a welcoming and encourage environment, so all students feel included and needed. • Limit screen time, have at least an hour of physical activity per day and have a break from constantly sitting.
- 9. References• Anxietybc.com,. HomeManagement Strategies for Panic Disorder | Anxiety BC. Retrieved 3 May 2015, from http://www.anxietybc.com/parenting/home-management-strategies-panic-disorder • Asthmaaustralia.org.au,. Statistics | Asthma Foundation. Retrieved 5 May 2015, from http://www.asthmaaustralia.org.au/Statistics.aspx • Mayoclinic.org,. (2015). Asthma Complications - Mayo Clinic. Retrieved 5 May 2015, from http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/asthma/basics/complications/con-20026992 • Burns, L., & Teesson, M. (2002). Alcohol use disorders comorbid with anxiety, depression and drug use disorders: Findings from the Australian National Survey of Mental Health and Well Being. Sciencedirect.com. Retrieved 4 May 2015, from http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S037687160200220X • Catanzariti, L., Hurst, H., & Byng, K. Type 2 diabetes in Australia's children and young people (20th ed., p. 9). Canberra: Australian Institute of Health and Welfare. • Cherney, K. (2014). Alcohol and Anxiety. Healthline. Retrieved 4 May 2015, from http://www.healthline.com/health/alcohol-and-anxiety#PossibleCause4 • Diabetesaustralia.com.au,. (2013). Diabetes in Australia - Diabetes Australia. Retrieved 5 May 2015, from http://www.diabetesaustralia.com.au/Understanding-Diabetes/Diabetes-in-Australia/ • Education.qld.gov.au,. (2015). Physical activity in state schools. Retrieved 5 May 2015, from http://education.qld.gov.au/schools/healthy/wellbeing-guidelines/physical-activity.html • Headspace.org.au,. (2015). headspace - Australia’s National Youth Mental Health Foundation. Retrieved 5 May 2015, from http://www.headspace.org.au/what-works/research-information/anxiety • Health at a Glance 2011. (2011). Health At A Glance. doi:10.1787/health_glance-2011-en • Healthline,. Recognizing Anxiety: Symptoms, Signs, and Risk Factors. Retrieved 4 May 2015, from http://www.healthline.com/health/anxiety/effects-on-body • Janssen, I., & LeBlanc, A. (2010). Systematic review of the health benefits of physical activity and fitness in school-aged children and youth. Biomedcentral.com. Retrieved 5 May 2015, from http://www.biomedcentral.com/content/pdf/1479-5868-7-40.pdf& • Jongerden, L. (2015). Child anxiety in mental health care: Closing the gaps between research and clinical practice. Amsterdam. • Mayo Clinic Staff,. (2012). Panic attacks and panic disorder - Mayo Clinic. Mayoclinic.org. Retrieved 5 May 2015, from http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/panic-attacks/basics/definition/con- 20020825 • Mayoclinic.org,. Asthma Risk factors - Mayo Clinic. Retrieved 5 May 2015, from http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/asthma/basics/risk-factors/con-20026992 • Medicalnewstoday.com,. What is Diabetes? What causes Diabetes?. Retrieved 5 May 2015, from http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/info/diabetes/ • Nhs.uk,. (2014). Type 1 diabetes - Causes - NHS Choices. Retrieved 5 May 2015, from http://www.nhs.uk/Conditions/Diabetes-type1/Pages/Causes.aspx • ReachOut.com,. Mental health issues. Retrieved 3 May 2015, from http://au.reachout.com/tough-times/mental-health- issues?gclid=CjwKEAjwsZyqBRCT1aq6qcD53DQSJACcen4CyAj5bc7gXKU43n9mSvEvcCgs1fXRAznqgOh-j4zDZRoCI9Hw_wcB • Rennert, N. (2012). Long term complications of diabetes: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia. Nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved 5 May 2015, from http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/patientinstructions/000327.htm • Upmc.com,. (2013). Diabetes: Short-Term Problems. Retrieved 5 May 2015, from http://www.upmc.com/patients-visitors/education/diabetes/Pages/diabetes-short-term-problems.aspx
Editor's Notes
- #2 Introduction Children’s health is considered very important in Australia, and as such, there are many strategies in place to help our children through these. Early diagnosis of issues such as diabetes, asthma and anxiety disorders with make treatment and/or prevention much easier. Early intervention will also make the child’s and family’s life easier, with support and proper management. This presentation will show you: About three prominent health concerns among young people today. How you can identify and get help for your child where needed. Preventative measures, as well as how to get treatment. How schools play an active role in all aspects of children’s development. What physical, mental and social benefits there are to physical activity.
- #3 Patterns Through research, there is little to no statistics available on pre-adolescent anxiety disorders. In people aged 18-24, 1 in 10 are affected by some anxiety disorder, the most common being social anxiety and Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). Females are more likely to be affected by this than males – 14% to 8%. Anxiety disorders can become apparent at a wide variety of ages, and depending on what kind. For example, phobias usually begin at a much younger age, especially during early childhood. Headspace says that “about half of people with anxiety disorders experience their first symptoms by the age of 11.” Cause There are some specific people who are more likely to be affected by anxiety disorders. The most common ones are: Being female – this is because, as stated above, females are almost twice as likely to develop an anxiety disorder, perhaps because of different hormones. Hereditary – other family members being vulnerable to anxiety disorders Personality temperament – fearfulness, sensitivity etc. Children are also more likely to develop an anxiety disorder if they are not brought up in a stable home environment, where abuse – either physical or emotional – occurs. An unstable home could also mean there is too much or too little pressure to do well in their studies, from their parents or siblings, or both. Alcohol and drug abuse equates to 15% of anxiety disorders. (Burns & Teesson, 2002) People do seem to think that alcohol can help with their anxiety by making them relax, which is true in part. It is a sedative and depressant, and can change the levels of serotonin in the brain. Alcohol abuse can, in the long term, cause mental health issues, especially anxiety disorders. (Cherney, 2014) Effect In the short term, anxiety disorders can “increase your pulse and breathing rate so your brain can get more oxygen.” This is because your body releases adrenaline into your system, which “can trigger the ‘flight or fight’ response.” (Healthline, n.d.) A long term effect of anxiety disorder is a weakened immune system and the general feeling of being unwell, meaning that the person in question is more susceptible to infections and diseases. This is because, with prolonged exposure to stress and anxiety, the body never goes back to its general state of functioning. This disorder can cause a whole range of effects, in the long and short term, and some that are not specified above are: Loss of appetite Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) Headaches Insomnia High blood pressure Panic attacks, which are a “sudden episode of intense fear that triggers severe physical reactions when there is no real danger or apparent cause.” (Mayo Clinic Staff, 2012)
- #4 Patterns According to the Australian Institute of Health and Welfare, there were approximately one million Australian’s with diabetes throughout 2011-12, with 55,900 of those aged between birth-34 years old. This equates to 5.6%. ('Health at a Glance 2011', 2011) In June 2012, it was discovered that approximately 2200 young people aged between 10 and 24 within Australia had been diagnosed with type 2 diabetes. There has also been no evidence of a rise in new cases among this age group. (Catanzariti, Hurst & Byng, n.d.) Type 2 diabetes is most common in Australia, with 84.9% of those with diabetes having this type, and 11.9% being diagnosed with type 1. ('Health at a Glance 2011', 2011) It has been estimated that “280 Australians develop diabetes every day.” People who have a close relative with type 2 diabetes, are of Middle Eastern, African or South Asian descent have a much higher risk of developing this strain. It is also more common in older people. (Medicalnewstoday.com, n.d.) Causes The main cause of type 1 diabetes is the body not producing insulin. Insulin controls the body’s sugar level. The pancreas produces this insulin, transfers it into the bloodstream and cells, and this is what gives us energy, or sugar rush. With type 1 diabetes, the pancreas cannot do this. With this type, immune system sees the pancreas cells as harmful, so it destroys them to a point where the pancreas stops producing the insulin. Type 1 is genetic, with a 6% chance of developing if you have a close relative with the disease. (Nhs.uk, 2014) Type 2 diabetes is caused by the body “not producing enough insulin for proper function, or the cells in the body do not react to insulin (insulin resistance).” Obese, or overweight, people are susceptible to developing this type of diabetes, and those with a lot of “visceral fat, also known as central obesity, belly fat, or abdominal obesity, are especially at risk.” This is because the body releases destabilising chemicals to the cardiovascular and metabolic systems in overweight people. Researchers from the Imperial College London have found that drinking one can of full sugar and energy soft drink per day increases the risk of developing type 2 diabetes by 22%. This strain can be controlled with a healthy diet and plenty of exercise. (Medicalnewstoday.com, n.d.) Effect Short term effects of diabetes are: Low blood glucose. This can occur through things such as too much insulin, not enough food or too much exercise. The symptoms include weakness, hunger, and in severe cases, seizures and coma. This effect can be helped with drinks such as a cup of skim milk or fruit juice. High blood glucose with ketones. This usually only occurs in people with type 1 diabetes. This happens when there is not enough insulin to change sugar into energy. The symptoms include blurred vision, passing urine often and nausea or vomiting. To avoid this, you need to follow the insulin routine daily as required. High blood glucose with ketones. The symptoms of this effect include blurred vision and increased hunger. To avoid this, you must follow your medication routine and never skip your doses. (Upmc.com, 2013) Long term effects of this are harm to your: Eyes. Light can bother your eyes, and you can have trouble seeing. It can also potentially cause blindness. Skin. This disease can develop sores and infections on the skin, and if it becomes serious, the leg may need to be removed. Blood pressure and cholesterol. Your body is controlling these as well as possible. This can lead to heart attacks and stroke. Nerves becoming damaged. This can cause pain and loss of feeling. Body to not properly digest the food you eat. This can cause trouble going to the bathroom. Kidneys. Kidney damage can be caused my high blood sugar, and they may stop working. (Rennert, 2012)
- #5 Patterns Asthma among children and younger adults has decreased in prevalence over the years, whereas it has not changed in the older generation. This means that there are less young people with this disease. In young children aged birth to 14 years old, there are more boys than girls with asthma, and there are more girls with asthma aged 15 and over. Most children with asthma do not have persistent asthma, which means they only need to take their medication when they have an attack, not every day. Children with persistent asthma is less than 5%. The risk of associated with dying due to asthma increases with age, and there is an average of “more than one person dying due to asthma every day.” There is also an increased risk of mortality for those residing in disadvantaged areas. Children aged birth to 4 years have the highest risk of hospitalisation due to asthma, and the average length of the stay is 1.52 days, compared to 3.16 days for adults. The length of these stays, as well as how many people are admitted to hospital for asthma each year is decreasing, with adult rates being reduced by 45%. (Asthmaaustralia.org.au, n.d.) Cause The causes of asthma are generally due to environmental and genetic factors. The causes can range for different people, but some major ones are: Cold air Physical activity Strong emotions/stress Gastroesophageal reflux disease, which is where stomach acids come back up to the throat. Factors which may cause the development of asthma, rather than set it off, are: Being overweight Smoking, being exposed to second hand smoke or having a mother whom smoked through pregnancy Exposure to pollution. (Mayoclinic.org, n.d.) Effects Long and short term effects of asthma include: Increased mucus, especially those with chronic asthma. This often means that there is more mucus in their airways, which would make it harder to breathe. Inflammatory proteins, which is the white blood cells travelling to the lungs and secreting proteins, which causes inflammation. Higher levels of inflammation makes it harder to breathe. Scarring. Chronic inflammation may result in permanent damage. (Mayoclinic.org, 2015)
- #7 There are so many benefits of physical activity, more than we could probably count. As younger children love to run around and play with each other, it is not too hard to get them to be physically active. Activity is good for the mind and body, as it reduces the risk of type 2 diabetes, aides in weight loss and maintaining a healthy weight. It can also aide in lowering blood pressure and decrease the risk of some cancers. Increased physical activity will increase your energy, help your sleeping patterns and possibly help you to live longer. Children do often sleep for longer than other people, and this can be drawn to the conclusion that they are constantly active, not just physically but mentally. They are usually running, playing and learning new skills. If we can help the kids continue this into their primary school years and adolescence, they should be physically set for life.
- #8 The social benefits of physical activity are just as important as the physical aspect. For primary and adolescent aged children, the social aspect is what keeps them properly interested and invested in the sport. Many sports are team sports, and thus require social skills, such as good communication skills. Team sports can also make children feel a sense of inclusivity, and can make them feel wanted and needed somewhere. This has more benefits still, as the child can increase their self-confidence as they become more skilled at their chosen sport. Schools also have a big role to play in inclusivity in physical activity and sports.
- #9 Education The role of schools and teachers is to educate the children on all the areas they need to know about, such as maths, science, and physical education. Through education, the children will learn all about the body’s needs when it comes to health and activity; this includes physical activity and the food we eat. This way, they can grow up to form their own views of how much physical activity is enough, and how to properly feed their bodies in the most nutritious and beneficial way. Physical activity in state schools – Australia’s Physical Education Activity and Sedentary Guidelines, which can be found on the Queensland DET site, states that children between the ages of 5-17 should do at least an hour of physical activity per day, have a limit on their screen time and breaking up their seated periods as often as possible. Schools also play an important part in student participation during physical activity. The schools can help with this through teaching the necessary skills that “supports active participation in a range of physical activities” plus providing a safe and secure environment for all the students to learn and feel included. They can also support active travel to school, such as walking ot riding or riding a bike. Physical activity can be delivered through PE classes, school sport, lunch time play and could also help with the other Key Learning Areas (KLAs). It can be structured or spontaneous, as long the children are able to actively participate to the best of their abilities. Physical activity has to be of at least moderate effort and intensity to support our wellbeing. It must cause a noticeable change in heart rate and breathing, while still being able to maintain a conversation. Activities like these should be planned by the school, and encourage total participation, enjoyment and be easily achievable for all students.