College Students' Attitude towards Premarital Sex: Implication for Guidance a...AJSERJournal
In many African countries, discussing sexuality still remains a taboo, despite the increasing number of
sexual activities among college students. The study sought to find out college students attitude towards premarital sex
and the implication of guidance and counselling. It was guided by the social learning theory. Using a descriptive survey
design data was collected through personally delivered questionnaire to 452 students who were randomly selected
from middle level colleges in Nakuru County. The questionnaire was validated through piloting in one college outside
Nakuru. Reliability coefficient for questionnaire was estimated through test-retest method and Cronbach’s alpha stood
at R=84. Data was analyzed using qualitative and quantitative data. Study findings indicate that 258 or 57% of the
respondents were liberal about premarital sex and viewed it as a normal act that should not attract criticism. A total of
194 or 43% were conservative and believed that it is against the norms of society and the teachings of the church.
Factors associated with premarital sex, include love, peer pressure, drug abuse and economic factors. Counselling was
seen as the best strategic to handle sex issues, but was not effective due to stigma associated with premarital sex. The
study recommended the college administrators step up strategies to supervise both the social and academic life of the
students. By providing them with information, to make informed consent on sexual matters.
The adolescent stage is a period of turmoil marked with enormous vibrancy, discovery, innovation and hope and also the time when many of them initiate sexual relationships and involvement. This can be a challenging time for young people who are becoming aware of their sexual and reproductive rights and needs, and who rely on their families, peers, schools, media and health service providers for affirmation, advice, information and the skills to navigate is sometimes a difficult transition to adulthood. The subject on sex has been surrounded by mystery and beclouded by dark silence as neither parents nor teachers are ready to discuss it with teenagers despite unplanned pregnancies, dropping out of school by students, Sexually Transmitted Infections among teenagers. The study investigated influence of teen contraceptive use) on academic achievement among public secondary school students in Bungoma South Sub-County, Kenya. The study adopted Albert Bandura’s Social Cognitive Theory postulated in 1986. A descriptive research design was used with target population of 3774 Form 3 students. A sample of 400 students was selected using, Miller, L.R. & Brewer, J.D. (2003) mathematical formula and stratified randomly from 52 schools and conveniently selected equally between boys and girls. Data was collected using structured interview schedule and questionnaire and analyzed descriptively. Results highlights most students were aware about contraceptive use with females slightly more than males and media was the major source of information on contraceptive use while parents/guardians had no significant contribution since teenagers rarely receive their first information on sexual matters from their parents. More than half of the sexually active students used contraceptives though it still interfered with their academic performance. This paper points at sex education curriculum in schools, setting up reproductive health institutions for the youth and distribution of contraceptives among teenagers which has a bearing on students’ performance.
This study investigates the prevalence and determinants of sexting behaviour among undergraduates in Kwara State. The population for this study comprised all undergraduates in Kwara State while the target population was undergraduates of three universities in the Kwara States. A stratified sampling the technique was used to categorise universities based on ownership (Federal, State and Private) as well as gender. A random sampling technique was used to select 100 undergraduates from each university, totaling 300 respondents. A researcher-designed questionnaire titled Prevalence and Determinants of Sexting Behaviour Questionnaire (PASODOEBEQ) was used to elicit information from sampled respondents. The instrument was validated by experts in Sociology of Education and Educational Psychology. Test re-test method of reliability was applied to test the reliability of the instrument, using the Pearson Product Moment Correlation statistics. The coefficient value of 0.86r was derived. The data collected were analyzed using percentage, mean, standard deviation and Multiple Regression Statistical Tool. The result of the findings revealed that sexting behaviour is prevalent among undergraduates and low self-esteem and peer association are significant determinants. The study recommended among others that schools authorities as a matter of fact should organize a sensitization workshop or seminar for undergraduates on the meaning, ripple effects and the punishment associated with sexting behaviour for necessary social adjustment.
College Students' Attitude towards Premarital Sex: Implication for Guidance a...AJSERJournal
In many African countries, discussing sexuality still remains a taboo, despite the increasing number of
sexual activities among college students. The study sought to find out college students attitude towards premarital sex
and the implication of guidance and counselling. It was guided by the social learning theory. Using a descriptive survey
design data was collected through personally delivered questionnaire to 452 students who were randomly selected
from middle level colleges in Nakuru County. The questionnaire was validated through piloting in one college outside
Nakuru. Reliability coefficient for questionnaire was estimated through test-retest method and Cronbach’s alpha stood
at R=84. Data was analyzed using qualitative and quantitative data. Study findings indicate that 258 or 57% of the
respondents were liberal about premarital sex and viewed it as a normal act that should not attract criticism. A total of
194 or 43% were conservative and believed that it is against the norms of society and the teachings of the church.
Factors associated with premarital sex, include love, peer pressure, drug abuse and economic factors. Counselling was
seen as the best strategic to handle sex issues, but was not effective due to stigma associated with premarital sex. The
study recommended the college administrators step up strategies to supervise both the social and academic life of the
students. By providing them with information, to make informed consent on sexual matters.
The adolescent stage is a period of turmoil marked with enormous vibrancy, discovery, innovation and hope and also the time when many of them initiate sexual relationships and involvement. This can be a challenging time for young people who are becoming aware of their sexual and reproductive rights and needs, and who rely on their families, peers, schools, media and health service providers for affirmation, advice, information and the skills to navigate is sometimes a difficult transition to adulthood. The subject on sex has been surrounded by mystery and beclouded by dark silence as neither parents nor teachers are ready to discuss it with teenagers despite unplanned pregnancies, dropping out of school by students, Sexually Transmitted Infections among teenagers. The study investigated influence of teen contraceptive use) on academic achievement among public secondary school students in Bungoma South Sub-County, Kenya. The study adopted Albert Bandura’s Social Cognitive Theory postulated in 1986. A descriptive research design was used with target population of 3774 Form 3 students. A sample of 400 students was selected using, Miller, L.R. & Brewer, J.D. (2003) mathematical formula and stratified randomly from 52 schools and conveniently selected equally between boys and girls. Data was collected using structured interview schedule and questionnaire and analyzed descriptively. Results highlights most students were aware about contraceptive use with females slightly more than males and media was the major source of information on contraceptive use while parents/guardians had no significant contribution since teenagers rarely receive their first information on sexual matters from their parents. More than half of the sexually active students used contraceptives though it still interfered with their academic performance. This paper points at sex education curriculum in schools, setting up reproductive health institutions for the youth and distribution of contraceptives among teenagers which has a bearing on students’ performance.
This study investigates the prevalence and determinants of sexting behaviour among undergraduates in Kwara State. The population for this study comprised all undergraduates in Kwara State while the target population was undergraduates of three universities in the Kwara States. A stratified sampling the technique was used to categorise universities based on ownership (Federal, State and Private) as well as gender. A random sampling technique was used to select 100 undergraduates from each university, totaling 300 respondents. A researcher-designed questionnaire titled Prevalence and Determinants of Sexting Behaviour Questionnaire (PASODOEBEQ) was used to elicit information from sampled respondents. The instrument was validated by experts in Sociology of Education and Educational Psychology. Test re-test method of reliability was applied to test the reliability of the instrument, using the Pearson Product Moment Correlation statistics. The coefficient value of 0.86r was derived. The data collected were analyzed using percentage, mean, standard deviation and Multiple Regression Statistical Tool. The result of the findings revealed that sexting behaviour is prevalent among undergraduates and low self-esteem and peer association are significant determinants. The study recommended among others that schools authorities as a matter of fact should organize a sensitization workshop or seminar for undergraduates on the meaning, ripple effects and the punishment associated with sexting behaviour for necessary social adjustment.
International Forum of Educational Technology & SocietyMid.docxLaticiaGrissomzz
International Forum of Educational Technology & Society
Middle School Students’ Social Media Use
Author(s): Florence Martin, Chuang Wang, Teresa Petty, Weichao Wang and Patti Wilkins
Source: Journal of Educational Technology & Society , Vol. 21, No. 1 (January 2018), pp.
213-224
Published by: International Forum of Educational Technology & Society
Stable URL: https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.2307/26273881
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Martin, F., Wang, C., Petty, T., Wang, W., & Wilkins, P. (2018). Middle School Students’ Social Media Use. Educational
Technology & Society, 21 (1), 213–224.
213
ISSN 1436-4522 (online) and 1176-3647 (print). This article of the Journal of Educational Technology & Society is available under Creative Commons CC-BY-ND-NC
3.0 license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/). For further queries, please contact Journal Editors at [email protected]
Middle School Students’ Social Media Use
Florence Martin*, Chuang Wang, Teresa Petty, Weichao Wang and Patti Wilkins
University of North Carolina Charlotte, Charlotte, NC, USA // [email protected] //
[email protected] // [email protected] // [email protected] // [email protected]
*Corresponding author
ABSTRACT
Cyber bullying, digital identity, impact of digital footprints, and use of inappropriate social media are topics
that are gaining attention in K-12 schools. As more schools and school districts are implementing 1-1 and
“bring your own technology” initiatives, attention to these topics is becoming increasingly important. A
total of 593 middle school students were surveyed about digital footprints and concerns about social media.
The results show that 17% started using social media at age nine or yo.
The Facebook has become an essential part of almost every university students’ daily life, and while a large
number of students seem to get benefits from use of the Facebook by exchanging information for educational
goals, make friends, and other activities, the literature indicates that this social networking site can become
addictive to some university students’ users, which is one of the today’s higher education matters. The aim of this
study, therefore, is to explore the phenomenon of Facebook addiction among university students. Qualitative
study using interview is used to gather data from nine International postgraduates of Universiti Putra Malaysia
and the data established three themes (Compulsion to check Facebook, High frequency use, and Using Facebook
to avoid offline responsibility) relied on the participants interviews. The findings from these three themes
showed that these users considered their Facebook dependency, are known as salience, tolerance, and conflict.
These results also lead to the conclusion that like most activities, moderation and controlled use are key. So, the
best approach to preparing students for life in a knowledge-based society is to help them exercise self-control
and achieve a level of balance when using Facebook. It is believed that the findings of this study would help
other Facebook researchers by contributing to the limited academic literature in this area.
4122019 Assessing the effect of an educational intervention .docxtroutmanboris
4/12/2019 Assessing the effect of an educational intervention program based on Health Belief Model on preventive behaviors of internet addiction :…
www.jehp.net/printarticle.asp?issn=2277-9531;year=2017;volume=6;issue=1;spage=63;epage=63;aulast=Maheri 1/7
ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Year : 2017 | Volume : 6 | Issue : 1 | Page : 63-
Assessing the effect of an educational intervention program based on Health
Belief Model on preventive behaviors of internet addiction
Aghbabak Maheri, Azar Tol, Roya Sadeghi
Department of Health Education and Promotion, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Correspondence Address:
Roya Sadeghi
Department of Health Education and Promotion, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran
Iran
Abstract
Introduction: Internet addiction refers to the excessive use of the internet that causes mental, social, and physical problems.
According to the high prevalence of internet addiction among university students, this study aimed to determine the effect of an
educational intervention on preventive behaviors of internet addiction among Tehran University of Medical Sciences students.
Materials and Methods: This study was a quasi-experimental study conducted among female college students who live in the
dormitories of Tehran University of Medical Sciences. Two-stage cluster sampling was used for selection of eighty participants in
each study groups; data were collected using “Young's Internet Addiction” and unstructured questionnaire. Validity and reliability of
unstructured questionnaire were evaluated by expert panel and were reported as Cronbach's alpha. Information of study groups
before and 4 months after the intervention was compared using statistical methods by SPSS 16. Results: After the intervention,
the mean scores of internet addiction, perceived barriers construct, and the prevalence of internet addiction significantly decreased
in the intervention group than that in the control group and the mean scores of knowledge and Health Belief Model (HBM)
constructs (susceptibility, severity, benefits, self-efficacy) significantly increased. Conclusions: Education based on the HBM was
effective on the reduction and prevention of internet addiction among female college students, and educational interventions in this
field are highly recommended.
How to cite this article:
Maheri A, Tol A, Sadeghi R. Assessing the effect of an educational intervention program based on Health Belief Model on
preventive behaviors of internet addiction.J Edu Health Promot 2017;6:63-63
How to cite this URL:
Maheri A, Tol A, Sadeghi R. Assessing the effect of an educational intervention program based on Health Belief Model on
preventive behaviors of internet addiction. J Edu Health Promot [serial online] 2017 [cited 2019 Apr 12 ];6:63-63
Available from: http://www.jehp.net/text.asp?2017/6/1/63/212613
Full Text
Introduction
Internet i.
International Journal on Integrating Technology in Education (IJITE)IJITE
In March 2020, the world faced an abrupt global health crisis as the pandemic rapidly spread, leading to
widespread school closures. Our research explored students' online learning preferences during this crisis,
considering a range of variables including age, gender, and personal characteristics. We used a
quantitative approach to gather data through six online questionnaires covering demographic details,
personality traits, self-efficacy, attitude toward technology, parental support, and learning preferences.
Findings reveal that students who held a more favorable attitude towards technology, perceived higher
levels of academic achievements and parental support, were inclined to favor online platforms to a greater
extent.
Online Versus Face-to-Face Learning: Students’ Preferences During Crisis TimesIJITE
In March 2020, the world faced an abrupt global health crisis as the pandemic rapidly spread, leading to
widespread school closures. Our research explored students' online learning preferences during this crisis,
considering a range of variables including age, gender, and personal characteristics. We used a
quantitative approach to gather data through six online questionnaires covering demographic details,
personality traits, self-efficacy, attitude toward technology, parental support, and learning preferences.
Findings reveal that students who held a more favorable attitude towards technology, perceived higher
levels of academic achievements and parental support, were inclined to favor online platforms to a greater
extent.
Online Versus Face-to-Face Learning: Students’ Preferences During Crisis TimesIJITE
In March 2020, the world faced an abrupt global health crisis as the pandemic rapidly spread, leading to widespread school closures. Our research explored students' online learning preferences during this crisis, considering a range of variables including age, gender, and personal characteristics. We used a quantitative approach to gather data through six online questionnaires covering demographic details, personality traits, self-efficacy, attitude toward technology, parental support, and learning preferences. Findings reveal that students who held a more favorable attitude towards technology, perceived higher levels of academic achievements and parental support, were inclined to favor online platforms to a greater extent.
BULLYING ORIGINS, PREVENTION, EVOLUTION IN THE LAST DECADE16VannaSchrader3
BULLYING ORIGINS, PREVENTION, EVOLUTION IN THE LAST DECADE 16
Bullying African American Boys and Girls from The Ages 11-14
Miranda Johnson
Voorhees College
Senior Capstone
Dr. Louis Howell
February 27, 2022
Abstract
Bullying is a vice that continues to haunt humanity, especially the youth in our world today. The matter has been aggravated with the emergence of cyberbullying in addition to traditional bullying. This research proposal aims to explore the origin of bullying, its evolution in the last decade, and the interventions necessary to prevent bullying both traditional and over the internet, focusing on African American teens who have experienced bullying. The research designs, including questionnaires and interviews, will be an effective method of collecting data from the participants, including the African American children between the ages of 11 and 14, and a control group that will be used to allow neutrality. The paper aims to present concrete evidence of the topic's legitimacy and its gravity regarding the country's youth to spur the stakeholders to take action to solve the issue.
Background and Rationale
Traditional bullying and cyberbullying are plagues that have been troubling society for a long time since humans’ enacted their natural orientation to form social institutions like schools. It has been especially true for children in middle school of African American descent between the age of 11 and 14. This research proposal aims to investigate how bullying comes to be, how bullying has evolved in the last decade to the bullying that we see today, and how society can prevent bullying, all the while focusing on African American teenagers between the age of 11 and 14 years.
This problem occurs in a wide range of environments, including their neighborhoods in addition to schools. Bullying is every form of physical, social, or verbal aggression committed by a group or person against a certain party (Kennedy, 2020). Bullying negatively impacts its victims by causing a drop in academic performance, potential psychosocial challenges, criminal wrongdoings, increased risks for suicide, perpetration of risky behavior, and suicidal tendencies.
This scourge is a growing concern, especially in the now integrated multicultural society of interracial interaction. Some studies show that African American teenagers can experience an increased rate of peer victimization than their white peers, owing to their subjective outlooks on racial discrimination. Other studies have shown that African American teenagers are less likely to encounter bullying than their white counterparts (Hong, 2021). The studies have been inclusive on this issue. The period of growth of adolescence is marked with the enactment of risky activities that may not display self-discipline. Since the rise of the digital age, bullying has evolved into traditional and cyberbullying. The increase in access to internet resources has been a huge factor in this evolution, in add ...
Running head RISK OF SOCIAL MEDIA TO DEVELOPMENT OF ADOLESCENTS .docxtodd521
Running head: RISK OF SOCIAL MEDIA TO DEVELOPMENT OF ADOLESCENTS 1
RISK OF SOCIAL MEDIA TO DEVELOPMENT OF ADOLESCENTS 5
Risk of Social Media to Development of Adolescents
Student’s Name
Institution Affiliation
Social media has a great impact on the lives of adolescents. Some of the effects of social media are good but others negatively influence social, moral, physical and spiritual development of the adolescents. Technological advancements and penetration of the communication networks have made social media, social networking sites and development of the smartphones have made accessibility of the social media platforms such as Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, WhatsApp, WeChat, Qzone, Google and many others readily available to the adolescents. However, there are significant risks that are associated with the use of social media that influence the development of adolescents.
Various studies have been done touching on the effect of social media on the development of adolescents and teenagers. Some studies consider both negative and positive effects of social media. However, in this particular study, we learn more on the risk factors hence we deal more on the negative effects of the social media on the development of the adolescent.
In the study conducted in the year 2019 by Keles, McCrae and Realish, they revealed that in 92% of the teenagers are the active users of social media. This clearly shows that teenagers are the greatest per cent that is the active users of the social media and therefore are mostly affected by social media.
In reviewing further studies to establish how social media can impact the development of the adolescent, Urie Bronfenbrenner makes it clear that type of the environment that people interact in will influence their behavior. This means that social media has the ability to influence adolescents negatively. It is therefore important to evaluate bad behaviors that are related to the use of social media and determine if they are applicable to adolescents.
In one particular study, it was revealed that mental disorders are very common among adolescents. In the United Kingdom, the study revealed that cases of the girls harming themselves had increased by 68%. Many of the cases of mental disorders were correlated to social media. On further analysis, it was identified that majority of the teenagers have multiples social accounts which demand much their attention, some do not have enough time to sleep while on the social media and others have been addicted to the social media which leads cases of the depression among the adolescents (Keles, McCrae & Grealish, 2019).
In another study, cyberbullying has been reported has the common problem of social media. This is the problems that teenagers are suffering in the hands of social media. In the year 2017, Underwood and Ehrenreich established that particular research done in 2014 had identified that 10-40% of the teenagers had reported having suffered from .
Impact of Social Media among Students’ Behaviors in Tertiary Institution of A...IJSRP Journal
The impact of social media among students behavior in tertiary institution has become worrisome. Social media is a means of connections among people in which they create, share, and exchange information and ideas in virtual communities and network. This craze for social media has led to a host of question regarding its impact among students behavior particularly in tertiary institution. This paper is set to study the impact of social media among students in tertiary institution in Adamawa State, Nigeria. A 5 likert scale questionnaire comprises of 19 questions was used as an instrument for data collection. 300 respondents sampled from 6 selected tertiary institutions in Adamawa State formed the population of the study. Descriptive statistics was used to analyze the data. The study revealed that social media has positive impact as well as negative impact on students behavior. The study further recommended that students need to be trained on better usage of social media so as to minimize its misused, School management should train and encourage students on how to use skype and other video conferencing tools to have discussion with lecturers and group members academically.
Health Behavior of Senior High School Teachers of the University of Saint Lou...ijtsrd
The COVID 19 pandemic has raised the rate of health related internet use, particularly among teachers. Loads of various information about Covid 19 symptoms are available that teachers can easily access, some of which come from unreliable and unverified sources that can worsen their perception of their symptoms and affect their health behavior. Thus, this study aimed to investigate and assess the senior high school teachers health behavior due to compulsive health related internet use amidst the pandemic. The researchers used a descriptive quantitative research design to in depth analyze the acquired data and information. They also used purposive sampling to select the Senior High School teachers of the University of Saint Louis Tuguegarao and gathered the needed data using a survey questionnaire. This study made used descriptive statistics to describe the health behavior of the respondents and an Independent Sample T test to test the significant difference in their health behavior based on their profile. The results revealed that due to the compulsiveness of searching online health information Senior High School teachers were having no significant differences in terms of their demographic profile of age and highest educational attainment. While on the other hand, in terms of the profile variable of sex, the null hypothesis was rejected implying a significant difference among the male and female Senior High School Teachers. The researchers have concluded that the health behavior of the respondents having different means of effects of compulsive health related internet use to the health behavior of male and female. Furthermore, the study highlighted the need for more research, specifically a qualitative one, regarding the effects of compulsive health related internet use with a wider range of sample and respondents to validate the results of the study. Agcaoili, Maria Jorumy Jo B. | Danga, Louisse Noecli Q. | Duran, Micaela C. | Liban, Kate G. | Taguba, Earlbert John S. "Health Behavior of Senior High School Teachers of the University of Saint Louis Tuguegarao Due to Compulsive Health-Related Internet Use Amidst Covid-19 Pandemic" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-6 | Issue-4 , June 2022, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd50091.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/other/50091/health-behavior-of-senior-high-school-teachers-of-the-university-of-saint-louis-tuguegarao-due-to-compulsive-healthrelated-internet-use-amidst-covid19-pandemic/agcaoili-maria-jorumy-jo-b
The aim of this study was to verify the dimensions of Internet addiction in
Albanian. This study employed “Internet Addiction Scale for Adolescents” to
determine internet addiction. The verification of language equivalence, the
scale form was administered to 164 university students studying at AAB
College Faculty of Psychology and 61 High School students studying at the
British School of Kosovo (altogether 245). In addition, the Cronbach Alpha
internal srability coefficient was found to be .828. It was observed that the
factor load values of the scale items varied between .56 and .72. The KaiserMeyer-Olkin
coefficient (KMO) was 0.82 and the Bartlett x2 Sphericity
value was 605,874 (p<.000). In confirmatory factor analysis, it was seen that
the one-dimensional structure of the scale provided a good fit. [x
2
=63.168,
df=26, x2/df=2.42 RMSEA=.077, RMR=.069, S-RMR=.049, GFI=.95,
AGFI=.91, CFI=.94, NNFI=.90, IFI=.94]. The findings obtained as a result
of the validity factor analysis and the reliability of the scale show that the
Albanian scale is valid and reliable.
Internet Use and Usage of Chinese Teenagers at Home: Understanding Demographi...CITE
http://citers2014.cite.hku.hk/internet-use-and-usage-of-chinese-teenagers-at-home-understanding-demographic-and-parenting-influence/
Author
LAU, Wilfred W.F. (HKU); YUEN, Allan H.K. (HKU)
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of demographics and parenting on Chinese teenagers’ internet use and usage at home. Using a sample of 575 Chinese teenagers, some internet use and usage patterns in relation to individual characteristics and parenting influence were observed. The findings from hierarchical multiple regression analysis revealed that parents still play a dominant role in influencing internet use and usage among the teenagers, as compared with their own influence. Learning-related and leisure-related internet usages were positively related to parental warmth and parental control respectively. Overall, this study provides a snapshot of teenagers’ internet use and usage at home in China today.
Assignment 2 Community Prevention ProgramAfter hearing that a n.docxBenitoSumpter862
Assignment 2: Community Prevention Program
After hearing that a neighbor’s child, Jeremy, age seven, was sexually assaulted in the local park, the parents of Cherry Hill township decide that their community needs a program to prevent sexual abuse of their children in the future.
Prepare a presentation for the parents, providing pertinent information they might like to include in a Sexual Assault Prevention program aimed at the children in their community. Suggest the psychoeducational and supportive approaches that can be effectively used at the community level, such as in community centers, schools, and social service agencies, to provide this information to the children. Address issues of gender, diversity, and ethics in your presentation.
Submit your PowerPoint presentation to the
W2: Assignment 2 Dropbox
by
Wednesday, July 19, 2017
. Your response should be at least 5 - 6 slides and include speaker notes for each slide. In addition, make sure you have included a title slide and a reference slide.
Assignment 2 Grading Criteria
Maximum Points
Analyzed pertinent information they deem relevant to the development of a Sexual Assault Prevention program
25
Described the psychoeducational information and supportive approaches that the community can effectively use to deal with the issue of sexual abuse of children
30
Addressed the issues of gender, diversity, and ethics in the context of intervention approaches
25
Wrote in a clear, concise, and organized manner; demonstrated ethical scholarship in accurate representation and attribution of sources, displayed accurate spelling, grammar, and punctuation.
20
Total:
100
.
Assignment 2 Analyzing World CulturesMedia play a very large role.docxBenitoSumpter862
Assignment 2: Analyzing World Cultures
Media play a very large role in both the development and the perpetuation of cultural elements. You may never have watched a foreign movie or even clips evaluating other cultures. In this assignment, you will explore online videos or movies from a culture of your choice and analyze how cultural elements are presented, compared to your own culture.
Complete the following:
Choose a world culture you are not familiar with.
Identify two–three online videos or movies representative of this culture. These could be examples of cultural expressions such as a Bollywood movie from India or Anime videos from Japan.
Evaluate two hours of such a video. Using the readings for this module, the Argosy University online library resources, and the Internet, research articles about your selected culture.
Select a scholarly article that analyzes the same culture presented in the videos you have observed.
Write a paper describing the cultural differences you have observed in the video. How are these observations supported by the research article?
Be sure to include the following:
Describe the videos you have watched.
Explain the main points of the videos.
Examine what stood out about the culture.
Compare and contrast the similarities and differences of this culture with your own.
Examine the ways of this culture. Is it one you would want to visit or live in?
Would you experience culture shock if you immersed yourself in this culture? Why or why not?
Support your statements with examples and scholarly references.
Write a 2–3-page paper in Word format. Apply APA standards to citation of sources. Use the following file naming convention: LastnameFirstInitial_M2_A2.doc.
.
International Forum of Educational Technology & SocietyMid.docxLaticiaGrissomzz
International Forum of Educational Technology & Society
Middle School Students’ Social Media Use
Author(s): Florence Martin, Chuang Wang, Teresa Petty, Weichao Wang and Patti Wilkins
Source: Journal of Educational Technology & Society , Vol. 21, No. 1 (January 2018), pp.
213-224
Published by: International Forum of Educational Technology & Society
Stable URL: https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.2307/26273881
REFERENCES
Linked references are available on JSTOR for this article:
https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.2307/26273881?seq=1&cid=pdf-
reference#references_tab_contents
You may need to log in to JSTOR to access the linked references.
JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide
range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and
facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact [email protected]
Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms & Conditions of Use, available at
https://about.jstor.org/terms
International Forum of Educational Technology & Society is collaborating with JSTOR to digitize,
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This content downloaded from
������������130.160.24.117 on Mon, 26 Aug 2019 01:28:12 UTC�������������
All use subject to https://about.jstor.org/terms
https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.2307/26273881
https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.2307/26273881?seq=1&cid=pdf-reference#references_tab_contents
https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.2307/26273881?seq=1&cid=pdf-reference#references_tab_contents
Martin, F., Wang, C., Petty, T., Wang, W., & Wilkins, P. (2018). Middle School Students’ Social Media Use. Educational
Technology & Society, 21 (1), 213–224.
213
ISSN 1436-4522 (online) and 1176-3647 (print). This article of the Journal of Educational Technology & Society is available under Creative Commons CC-BY-ND-NC
3.0 license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/). For further queries, please contact Journal Editors at [email protected]
Middle School Students’ Social Media Use
Florence Martin*, Chuang Wang, Teresa Petty, Weichao Wang and Patti Wilkins
University of North Carolina Charlotte, Charlotte, NC, USA // [email protected] //
[email protected] // [email protected] // [email protected] // [email protected]
*Corresponding author
ABSTRACT
Cyber bullying, digital identity, impact of digital footprints, and use of inappropriate social media are topics
that are gaining attention in K-12 schools. As more schools and school districts are implementing 1-1 and
“bring your own technology” initiatives, attention to these topics is becoming increasingly important. A
total of 593 middle school students were surveyed about digital footprints and concerns about social media.
The results show that 17% started using social media at age nine or yo.
The Facebook has become an essential part of almost every university students’ daily life, and while a large
number of students seem to get benefits from use of the Facebook by exchanging information for educational
goals, make friends, and other activities, the literature indicates that this social networking site can become
addictive to some university students’ users, which is one of the today’s higher education matters. The aim of this
study, therefore, is to explore the phenomenon of Facebook addiction among university students. Qualitative
study using interview is used to gather data from nine International postgraduates of Universiti Putra Malaysia
and the data established three themes (Compulsion to check Facebook, High frequency use, and Using Facebook
to avoid offline responsibility) relied on the participants interviews. The findings from these three themes
showed that these users considered their Facebook dependency, are known as salience, tolerance, and conflict.
These results also lead to the conclusion that like most activities, moderation and controlled use are key. So, the
best approach to preparing students for life in a knowledge-based society is to help them exercise self-control
and achieve a level of balance when using Facebook. It is believed that the findings of this study would help
other Facebook researchers by contributing to the limited academic literature in this area.
4122019 Assessing the effect of an educational intervention .docxtroutmanboris
4/12/2019 Assessing the effect of an educational intervention program based on Health Belief Model on preventive behaviors of internet addiction :…
www.jehp.net/printarticle.asp?issn=2277-9531;year=2017;volume=6;issue=1;spage=63;epage=63;aulast=Maheri 1/7
ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Year : 2017 | Volume : 6 | Issue : 1 | Page : 63-
Assessing the effect of an educational intervention program based on Health
Belief Model on preventive behaviors of internet addiction
Aghbabak Maheri, Azar Tol, Roya Sadeghi
Department of Health Education and Promotion, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Correspondence Address:
Roya Sadeghi
Department of Health Education and Promotion, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran
Iran
Abstract
Introduction: Internet addiction refers to the excessive use of the internet that causes mental, social, and physical problems.
According to the high prevalence of internet addiction among university students, this study aimed to determine the effect of an
educational intervention on preventive behaviors of internet addiction among Tehran University of Medical Sciences students.
Materials and Methods: This study was a quasi-experimental study conducted among female college students who live in the
dormitories of Tehran University of Medical Sciences. Two-stage cluster sampling was used for selection of eighty participants in
each study groups; data were collected using “Young's Internet Addiction” and unstructured questionnaire. Validity and reliability of
unstructured questionnaire were evaluated by expert panel and were reported as Cronbach's alpha. Information of study groups
before and 4 months after the intervention was compared using statistical methods by SPSS 16. Results: After the intervention,
the mean scores of internet addiction, perceived barriers construct, and the prevalence of internet addiction significantly decreased
in the intervention group than that in the control group and the mean scores of knowledge and Health Belief Model (HBM)
constructs (susceptibility, severity, benefits, self-efficacy) significantly increased. Conclusions: Education based on the HBM was
effective on the reduction and prevention of internet addiction among female college students, and educational interventions in this
field are highly recommended.
How to cite this article:
Maheri A, Tol A, Sadeghi R. Assessing the effect of an educational intervention program based on Health Belief Model on
preventive behaviors of internet addiction.J Edu Health Promot 2017;6:63-63
How to cite this URL:
Maheri A, Tol A, Sadeghi R. Assessing the effect of an educational intervention program based on Health Belief Model on
preventive behaviors of internet addiction. J Edu Health Promot [serial online] 2017 [cited 2019 Apr 12 ];6:63-63
Available from: http://www.jehp.net/text.asp?2017/6/1/63/212613
Full Text
Introduction
Internet i.
International Journal on Integrating Technology in Education (IJITE)IJITE
In March 2020, the world faced an abrupt global health crisis as the pandemic rapidly spread, leading to
widespread school closures. Our research explored students' online learning preferences during this crisis,
considering a range of variables including age, gender, and personal characteristics. We used a
quantitative approach to gather data through six online questionnaires covering demographic details,
personality traits, self-efficacy, attitude toward technology, parental support, and learning preferences.
Findings reveal that students who held a more favorable attitude towards technology, perceived higher
levels of academic achievements and parental support, were inclined to favor online platforms to a greater
extent.
Online Versus Face-to-Face Learning: Students’ Preferences During Crisis TimesIJITE
In March 2020, the world faced an abrupt global health crisis as the pandemic rapidly spread, leading to
widespread school closures. Our research explored students' online learning preferences during this crisis,
considering a range of variables including age, gender, and personal characteristics. We used a
quantitative approach to gather data through six online questionnaires covering demographic details,
personality traits, self-efficacy, attitude toward technology, parental support, and learning preferences.
Findings reveal that students who held a more favorable attitude towards technology, perceived higher
levels of academic achievements and parental support, were inclined to favor online platforms to a greater
extent.
Online Versus Face-to-Face Learning: Students’ Preferences During Crisis TimesIJITE
In March 2020, the world faced an abrupt global health crisis as the pandemic rapidly spread, leading to widespread school closures. Our research explored students' online learning preferences during this crisis, considering a range of variables including age, gender, and personal characteristics. We used a quantitative approach to gather data through six online questionnaires covering demographic details, personality traits, self-efficacy, attitude toward technology, parental support, and learning preferences. Findings reveal that students who held a more favorable attitude towards technology, perceived higher levels of academic achievements and parental support, were inclined to favor online platforms to a greater extent.
BULLYING ORIGINS, PREVENTION, EVOLUTION IN THE LAST DECADE16VannaSchrader3
BULLYING ORIGINS, PREVENTION, EVOLUTION IN THE LAST DECADE 16
Bullying African American Boys and Girls from The Ages 11-14
Miranda Johnson
Voorhees College
Senior Capstone
Dr. Louis Howell
February 27, 2022
Abstract
Bullying is a vice that continues to haunt humanity, especially the youth in our world today. The matter has been aggravated with the emergence of cyberbullying in addition to traditional bullying. This research proposal aims to explore the origin of bullying, its evolution in the last decade, and the interventions necessary to prevent bullying both traditional and over the internet, focusing on African American teens who have experienced bullying. The research designs, including questionnaires and interviews, will be an effective method of collecting data from the participants, including the African American children between the ages of 11 and 14, and a control group that will be used to allow neutrality. The paper aims to present concrete evidence of the topic's legitimacy and its gravity regarding the country's youth to spur the stakeholders to take action to solve the issue.
Background and Rationale
Traditional bullying and cyberbullying are plagues that have been troubling society for a long time since humans’ enacted their natural orientation to form social institutions like schools. It has been especially true for children in middle school of African American descent between the age of 11 and 14. This research proposal aims to investigate how bullying comes to be, how bullying has evolved in the last decade to the bullying that we see today, and how society can prevent bullying, all the while focusing on African American teenagers between the age of 11 and 14 years.
This problem occurs in a wide range of environments, including their neighborhoods in addition to schools. Bullying is every form of physical, social, or verbal aggression committed by a group or person against a certain party (Kennedy, 2020). Bullying negatively impacts its victims by causing a drop in academic performance, potential psychosocial challenges, criminal wrongdoings, increased risks for suicide, perpetration of risky behavior, and suicidal tendencies.
This scourge is a growing concern, especially in the now integrated multicultural society of interracial interaction. Some studies show that African American teenagers can experience an increased rate of peer victimization than their white peers, owing to their subjective outlooks on racial discrimination. Other studies have shown that African American teenagers are less likely to encounter bullying than their white counterparts (Hong, 2021). The studies have been inclusive on this issue. The period of growth of adolescence is marked with the enactment of risky activities that may not display self-discipline. Since the rise of the digital age, bullying has evolved into traditional and cyberbullying. The increase in access to internet resources has been a huge factor in this evolution, in add ...
Running head RISK OF SOCIAL MEDIA TO DEVELOPMENT OF ADOLESCENTS .docxtodd521
Running head: RISK OF SOCIAL MEDIA TO DEVELOPMENT OF ADOLESCENTS 1
RISK OF SOCIAL MEDIA TO DEVELOPMENT OF ADOLESCENTS 5
Risk of Social Media to Development of Adolescents
Student’s Name
Institution Affiliation
Social media has a great impact on the lives of adolescents. Some of the effects of social media are good but others negatively influence social, moral, physical and spiritual development of the adolescents. Technological advancements and penetration of the communication networks have made social media, social networking sites and development of the smartphones have made accessibility of the social media platforms such as Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, WhatsApp, WeChat, Qzone, Google and many others readily available to the adolescents. However, there are significant risks that are associated with the use of social media that influence the development of adolescents.
Various studies have been done touching on the effect of social media on the development of adolescents and teenagers. Some studies consider both negative and positive effects of social media. However, in this particular study, we learn more on the risk factors hence we deal more on the negative effects of the social media on the development of the adolescent.
In the study conducted in the year 2019 by Keles, McCrae and Realish, they revealed that in 92% of the teenagers are the active users of social media. This clearly shows that teenagers are the greatest per cent that is the active users of the social media and therefore are mostly affected by social media.
In reviewing further studies to establish how social media can impact the development of the adolescent, Urie Bronfenbrenner makes it clear that type of the environment that people interact in will influence their behavior. This means that social media has the ability to influence adolescents negatively. It is therefore important to evaluate bad behaviors that are related to the use of social media and determine if they are applicable to adolescents.
In one particular study, it was revealed that mental disorders are very common among adolescents. In the United Kingdom, the study revealed that cases of the girls harming themselves had increased by 68%. Many of the cases of mental disorders were correlated to social media. On further analysis, it was identified that majority of the teenagers have multiples social accounts which demand much their attention, some do not have enough time to sleep while on the social media and others have been addicted to the social media which leads cases of the depression among the adolescents (Keles, McCrae & Grealish, 2019).
In another study, cyberbullying has been reported has the common problem of social media. This is the problems that teenagers are suffering in the hands of social media. In the year 2017, Underwood and Ehrenreich established that particular research done in 2014 had identified that 10-40% of the teenagers had reported having suffered from .
Impact of Social Media among Students’ Behaviors in Tertiary Institution of A...IJSRP Journal
The impact of social media among students behavior in tertiary institution has become worrisome. Social media is a means of connections among people in which they create, share, and exchange information and ideas in virtual communities and network. This craze for social media has led to a host of question regarding its impact among students behavior particularly in tertiary institution. This paper is set to study the impact of social media among students in tertiary institution in Adamawa State, Nigeria. A 5 likert scale questionnaire comprises of 19 questions was used as an instrument for data collection. 300 respondents sampled from 6 selected tertiary institutions in Adamawa State formed the population of the study. Descriptive statistics was used to analyze the data. The study revealed that social media has positive impact as well as negative impact on students behavior. The study further recommended that students need to be trained on better usage of social media so as to minimize its misused, School management should train and encourage students on how to use skype and other video conferencing tools to have discussion with lecturers and group members academically.
Health Behavior of Senior High School Teachers of the University of Saint Lou...ijtsrd
The COVID 19 pandemic has raised the rate of health related internet use, particularly among teachers. Loads of various information about Covid 19 symptoms are available that teachers can easily access, some of which come from unreliable and unverified sources that can worsen their perception of their symptoms and affect their health behavior. Thus, this study aimed to investigate and assess the senior high school teachers health behavior due to compulsive health related internet use amidst the pandemic. The researchers used a descriptive quantitative research design to in depth analyze the acquired data and information. They also used purposive sampling to select the Senior High School teachers of the University of Saint Louis Tuguegarao and gathered the needed data using a survey questionnaire. This study made used descriptive statistics to describe the health behavior of the respondents and an Independent Sample T test to test the significant difference in their health behavior based on their profile. The results revealed that due to the compulsiveness of searching online health information Senior High School teachers were having no significant differences in terms of their demographic profile of age and highest educational attainment. While on the other hand, in terms of the profile variable of sex, the null hypothesis was rejected implying a significant difference among the male and female Senior High School Teachers. The researchers have concluded that the health behavior of the respondents having different means of effects of compulsive health related internet use to the health behavior of male and female. Furthermore, the study highlighted the need for more research, specifically a qualitative one, regarding the effects of compulsive health related internet use with a wider range of sample and respondents to validate the results of the study. Agcaoili, Maria Jorumy Jo B. | Danga, Louisse Noecli Q. | Duran, Micaela C. | Liban, Kate G. | Taguba, Earlbert John S. "Health Behavior of Senior High School Teachers of the University of Saint Louis Tuguegarao Due to Compulsive Health-Related Internet Use Amidst Covid-19 Pandemic" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-6 | Issue-4 , June 2022, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd50091.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/other/50091/health-behavior-of-senior-high-school-teachers-of-the-university-of-saint-louis-tuguegarao-due-to-compulsive-healthrelated-internet-use-amidst-covid19-pandemic/agcaoili-maria-jorumy-jo-b
The aim of this study was to verify the dimensions of Internet addiction in
Albanian. This study employed “Internet Addiction Scale for Adolescents” to
determine internet addiction. The verification of language equivalence, the
scale form was administered to 164 university students studying at AAB
College Faculty of Psychology and 61 High School students studying at the
British School of Kosovo (altogether 245). In addition, the Cronbach Alpha
internal srability coefficient was found to be .828. It was observed that the
factor load values of the scale items varied between .56 and .72. The KaiserMeyer-Olkin
coefficient (KMO) was 0.82 and the Bartlett x2 Sphericity
value was 605,874 (p<.000). In confirmatory factor analysis, it was seen that
the one-dimensional structure of the scale provided a good fit. [x
2
=63.168,
df=26, x2/df=2.42 RMSEA=.077, RMR=.069, S-RMR=.049, GFI=.95,
AGFI=.91, CFI=.94, NNFI=.90, IFI=.94]. The findings obtained as a result
of the validity factor analysis and the reliability of the scale show that the
Albanian scale is valid and reliable.
Internet Use and Usage of Chinese Teenagers at Home: Understanding Demographi...CITE
http://citers2014.cite.hku.hk/internet-use-and-usage-of-chinese-teenagers-at-home-understanding-demographic-and-parenting-influence/
Author
LAU, Wilfred W.F. (HKU); YUEN, Allan H.K. (HKU)
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of demographics and parenting on Chinese teenagers’ internet use and usage at home. Using a sample of 575 Chinese teenagers, some internet use and usage patterns in relation to individual characteristics and parenting influence were observed. The findings from hierarchical multiple regression analysis revealed that parents still play a dominant role in influencing internet use and usage among the teenagers, as compared with their own influence. Learning-related and leisure-related internet usages were positively related to parental warmth and parental control respectively. Overall, this study provides a snapshot of teenagers’ internet use and usage at home in China today.
Assignment 2 Community Prevention ProgramAfter hearing that a n.docxBenitoSumpter862
Assignment 2: Community Prevention Program
After hearing that a neighbor’s child, Jeremy, age seven, was sexually assaulted in the local park, the parents of Cherry Hill township decide that their community needs a program to prevent sexual abuse of their children in the future.
Prepare a presentation for the parents, providing pertinent information they might like to include in a Sexual Assault Prevention program aimed at the children in their community. Suggest the psychoeducational and supportive approaches that can be effectively used at the community level, such as in community centers, schools, and social service agencies, to provide this information to the children. Address issues of gender, diversity, and ethics in your presentation.
Submit your PowerPoint presentation to the
W2: Assignment 2 Dropbox
by
Wednesday, July 19, 2017
. Your response should be at least 5 - 6 slides and include speaker notes for each slide. In addition, make sure you have included a title slide and a reference slide.
Assignment 2 Grading Criteria
Maximum Points
Analyzed pertinent information they deem relevant to the development of a Sexual Assault Prevention program
25
Described the psychoeducational information and supportive approaches that the community can effectively use to deal with the issue of sexual abuse of children
30
Addressed the issues of gender, diversity, and ethics in the context of intervention approaches
25
Wrote in a clear, concise, and organized manner; demonstrated ethical scholarship in accurate representation and attribution of sources, displayed accurate spelling, grammar, and punctuation.
20
Total:
100
.
Assignment 2 Analyzing World CulturesMedia play a very large role.docxBenitoSumpter862
Assignment 2: Analyzing World Cultures
Media play a very large role in both the development and the perpetuation of cultural elements. You may never have watched a foreign movie or even clips evaluating other cultures. In this assignment, you will explore online videos or movies from a culture of your choice and analyze how cultural elements are presented, compared to your own culture.
Complete the following:
Choose a world culture you are not familiar with.
Identify two–three online videos or movies representative of this culture. These could be examples of cultural expressions such as a Bollywood movie from India or Anime videos from Japan.
Evaluate two hours of such a video. Using the readings for this module, the Argosy University online library resources, and the Internet, research articles about your selected culture.
Select a scholarly article that analyzes the same culture presented in the videos you have observed.
Write a paper describing the cultural differences you have observed in the video. How are these observations supported by the research article?
Be sure to include the following:
Describe the videos you have watched.
Explain the main points of the videos.
Examine what stood out about the culture.
Compare and contrast the similarities and differences of this culture with your own.
Examine the ways of this culture. Is it one you would want to visit or live in?
Would you experience culture shock if you immersed yourself in this culture? Why or why not?
Support your statements with examples and scholarly references.
Write a 2–3-page paper in Word format. Apply APA standards to citation of sources. Use the following file naming convention: LastnameFirstInitial_M2_A2.doc.
.
Assignment 2 Communicating Bad News Leaders and managers often ha.docxBenitoSumpter862
Assignment 2: Communicating Bad News
Leaders and managers often have to deliver unpleasant or difficult information to other employees or other internal or external stakeholders. How well this news is delivered can affect employee relations as well as public perceptions.
Review the following scenario:
A new company claims it manufactures the best dog food in the market. It employs around 250 people worldwide. After six months in business, one of the company’s brands is found to contain harmful bacteria. Overnight, reports start pouring in from all over the country about pets falling sick, some critically. The company wants to communicate with its stakeholders through a memo before major news channels start to cover the disease.
Assume that you are an assistant to the company’s chairperson. Based on your analysis of the scenario and using the reading material covered in this module, draft two memos for the chairperson. One memo should address the board of directors and the other the company’s employees.
Make assumptions about whether it is the food product that has bacteria or if there is another explanation for the pets’ sickness.
Write a 1–2-page paper in Word format. Apply APA standards to citation of sources. Use the following file naming convention: LastnameFirstInitial_M2_A2.doc.
.
Assignment 2 Communicating Bad NewsLeaders and managers often hav.docxBenitoSumpter862
Assignment 2: Communicating Bad News
Leaders and managers often have to deliver unpleasant or difficult information to other employees or other internal or external stakeholders. How well this news is delivered can affect employee relations as well as public perceptions.
Review the following scenario:
A new company claims it manufactures the best dog food in the market. It employs around 250 people worldwide. After six months in business, one of the company’s brands is found to contain harmful bacteria. Overnight, reports start pouring in from all over the country about pets falling sick, some critically. The company wants to communicate with its stakeholders through a memo before major news channels start to cover the disease.
Assume that you are an assistant to the company’s chairperson. Based on your analysis of the scenario and using the reading material covered in this module, draft two memos for the chairperson. One memo should address the board of directors and the other the company’s employees.
Make assumptions about whether it is the food product that has bacteria or if there is another explanation for the pets’ sickness.
Write a 1–2-page paper in Word format. Apply APA standards to citation of sources. Use the following file naming convention: LastnameFirstInitial_M2_A2.doc.
By
Wednesday, July 19, 2017
, submit your assignment to the
M2: Assignment 2 Dropbox
.
Assignment 2 Grading Criteria
Maximum Points
Effectively utilized the tips covered in the module, to write an appropriate memo addressing the board of directors to convey the bad news.
40
Effectively utilized the tips covered in the module, to write a suitable memo addressing the company’s employees to convey the bad news.
40
Wrote in a clear, concise, and organized manner; demonstrated ethical scholarship in accurate representation and attribution of sources; and displayed accurate spelling, grammar, and punctuation.
20
Total:
100
.
Assignment 2 Case of Anna OOne of the very first cases that c.docxBenitoSumpter862
Assignment 2: Case of Anna O
One of the very first cases that caught Freud’s attention when he was starting to develop his psychoanalytic theory was that of Anna O, a patient of fellow psychiatrist Josef Breuer. Although Freud did not directly treat her, he did thoroughly analyze her case as he was fascinated by the fact that her hysteria was “cured” by Breuer. It is her case that he believes was the beginning of the psychoanalytic approach.
Through your analysis of this case, you will not only look deeper into Freud’s psychoanalytic theory but also see how Jung’s neo-psychoanalytic theory compares and contrasts with Freud’s theory.
Review the following:
The Case of Anna O.
One of the first cases that inspired Freud in the development of what would eventually become the Psychoanalytic Theory was the case of Anna O. Anna O. was actually a patient of one of Freud’s colleagues Josef Breuer. Using Breuer’s case notes, Freud was able to analyze the key facts of Anna O’s case.
Anna O. first developed her symptoms while she was taking care of her very ill father with whom she was extremely close. Some of her initial symptoms were loss of appetite to the extent of not eating, weakness, anemia, and development a severe nervous cough. Eventually she developed a severe optic headache and lost the ability to move her head, which then progressed into paralysis of both arms. Her symptoms were not solely physical as she would vacillate between a normal, mental state and a manic-type state in which she would become extremely agitated. There was even a notation of a time for which she hallucinated that the ribbons in her hair were snakes.
Toward the end of her father’s life she stopped speaking her native language of German and instead only spoke in English. A little over a year after she began taking care of her father he passed away. After his passing her symptoms grew to affect her vision, a loss of ability to focus her attention, more extreme hallucinations, and a number of suicidal attempts (Hurst, 1982).
Both Freud and Jung would acknowledge that unconscious processes are at work in this woman's problems. However, they would come to different conclusions about the origin of these problems and the method by which she should be treated.
Research Freud’s and Jung’s theories of personality using your textbook, the Internet, and the Argosy University online library resources. Based on your research, respond to the following:
•Compare and contrast Freud's view of the unconscious with Jung's view and apply this case example in your explanations.
•On what specific points would they agree and disagree regarding the purpose and manifestation of the unconscious in the case of Anna?
•How might they each approach the treatment of Anna? What might be those specific interventions? How might Anna experience these interventions considering her history?
Write a 2–3-page paper in Word format. Apply APA standards to citation of sources. Use .
Assignment 2 Bioterrorism Due Week 6 and worth 300 pointsAcco.docxBenitoSumpter862
Assignment 2: Bioterrorism
Due Week 6 and worth 300 points
According to the Department of Health and Human Services (2002), the nation's capacity to respond to bioterrorism depends largely on the ability of clinicians and public health officials to detect, manage, and effectively communicate in advance of and during a bioterrorism event.
Prepare a narrated presentation, using PowerPoint or other similar software, detailing a bioterrorism-related issue, analyzing the threat(s) that the bioterrorism-related issue poses.
In preparation for your presentation, research and review at least one (1) healthcare facility’s preparedness plan.
Note
: A video to help students record narration for the PowerPoint presentation is available in the course shell.
Prepare a twenty (20) slide presentation in which you:
Specify the key steps that healthcare managers should follow in preparing their organizations for a potential bioterrorism attack.
Outline at least two (2) possible early detection and surveillance strategies, and investigate the main ways those strategies may prompt timely interventions to effectively treat and diminish the impact of a bioterrorism threat.
Evaluate the specific preparation steps in the preparedness plan of a healthcare facility of your choosing.
Suggest at least one (1) possible improvement to promote early detection and enhanced surveillance.
Use at least four (4) recent (within the last five [5] years), quality academic resources in this assignment. Note: Wikipedia and other Websites do not qualify as academic resources.
Your assignment must follow these formatting requirements:
Include a cover page containing the title of the assignment, the student’s name, the professor’s name, the course title, and the date. The cover page and the reference page are not included in the required assignment page length.
The specific course learning outcomes associated with this assignment are:
Apply decision making models to address difficult management situations.
Develop policies that ensure compliance of healthcare delivery systems with current legislation.
Use technology and information resources to research issues in Health Care Operations Management
.
Assignment 2 Affirmative ActionAffirmative Action is a controvers.docxBenitoSumpter862
Assignment 2: Affirmative Action
Affirmative Action is a controversial topic in American society. People of all races, genders, and classes are divided on where they stand on Affirmative Action. However, the media has oversimplified Affirmative Action and many do not truly understand the policy and what it means for schools and employers. For this assignment, you will examine Executive Order 10925 and determine where you stand on this topic.
Review Executive Order 10925. A copy can be found at:
http://www.thecre.com/fedlaw/legal6/eo10925.htm
.
Then, write an organized short response (3 paragraphs) where you explain:
What is Affirmative Action as a social policy?
What were the goals of Affirmative Action? Has it been successful?
What are the basic arguments for Affirmative Action and what are those against it? Which side do you find the most convincing and why?
Be sure to support your answer with references to the textbook, appropriate outside resources, and your own personal experiences.
Create a response in 3 paragraphs to the discussion question. Cite sources and include references in your response. Submit your response to the
Discussion Area
by
Saturday, August 26, 2017
. Through
Wednesday, August 30, 2017
, review and comment on at least two peers’ responses.
.
Assignment 2 Audit Planning and Control It is common industry kno.docxBenitoSumpter862
Assignment 2: Audit Planning and Control
It is common industry knowledge that an audit plan provides the specific guidelines auditors must follow when conducting an external audit. External public accounting firms conduct external audits to ensure outside stakeholders that the company’s financial statements are prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP) or International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) standards.
Use the Internet to select a public company that appeals to you. Imagine that you are a senior partner in a public accounting firm hired to complete an audit for the chosen public company.
Write a four to six (4-6) page paper in which you:
Outline the critical steps inherent in planning an audit and designing an effective audit program. Based upon the type of company selected, provide specific details of the actions that the company should undertake during planning and designing the audit program.
Examine at least two (2) performance ratios that you would use in order to determine which analytical tests to perform. Identify the accounts that you would test, and select at least three (3) analytical procedures that you would use in your audit.
Analyze the balance sheet and income statement of the company that you have selected, and outline your method for evidence collection which should include, but not be limited to, the type of evidence to collect and the manner in which you would determine the sufficiency of the evidence.
Discuss the audit risk model, and ascertain which sampling or non-sampling techniques you would use in order to establish your preliminary judgment about materiality. Justify your response.
Assuming that the end result is an unqualified audit report, outline the primary responsibilities of the audit firm after it issues the report in question.
Use at least two (2) quality academic resources in this assignment.
Note:
Wikipedia and other Websites do not qualify as academic resources.
Your assignment must follow these formatting requirements:
Be typed, double spaced, using Times New Roman font (size 12), with one-inch margins on all sides; citations and references must follow APA or school-specific format. Check with your professor for any additional instructions.
Include a cover page containing the title of the assignment, the student’s name, the professor’s name, the course title, and the date. The cover page and the reference page are not included in the required assignment page length.
The specific course learning outcomes associated with this assignment are:
Plan and design a generalized audit program.
Determine the nature and extent of evidence accumulated to conduct an audit after considering the unique circumstances of an engagement.
Evaluate a company’s various risk factors and the related impact to the audit process.
Evaluate effective internal controls that minimize audit risk and potentially reduce the risk of fraud.
Use technology and information resources to r.
Assignment 2 American ConstitutionFollowing the Revolutionary War.docxBenitoSumpter862
Assignment 2: American Constitution
Following the Revolutionary War and separation from England, the need for a new government was clear. A group of men, who became known as the “nation’s founders” or Founding Fathers, developed a new government based on principles and beliefs they knew through their experiences, readings, and study. The Founding Fathers had a great deal in common with each other, including property interests, education, and extensive political experience. These common experiences and birthrights created a strong consensus about what should be incorporated into the government that would replace England’s.
Troubles developed immediately upon establishment of the United States of America with the 1781 Articles of Confederation and Perpetual Union. Economic difficulties and means of dividing power between leaders and competing interests caused conflict. The conflicts had to be resolved, and some of the Founding Fathers and others, who would come to be known as the Framers went to Philadelphia to revise the Articles of Confederation. However, it became apparent immediately that the Articles could not be revised, and therefore, they were abandoned, and the Framers set about to create a new form of government. Though the effort was eventually successful and resulted in the Constitution, there was a great deal of conflict during its development in the summer of 1787. The form of government established incorporated the ideas of diverse groups, as well as the Framers’ recognition of the need for compromise.
Research the history of the American Constitution using the Argosy University online library resources. Respond to
one
question from each of the question sets A and B.
A. Creating the Constitution
Consider the three constitutional proposals: the Virginia Plan, the New Jersey Plan, and the Great Compromise, also known as the Connecticut Compromise. If you were a delegate and without the experience of the past 200 years, which constitutional proposal would you have supported? Why?
Why do you think the framers were silent on the issue of slavery in the wording of the Constitution? What were the strengths and weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation?
What were the issues in the Constitutional Convention? Who were the Federalists and Anti-Federalists?
B. Living with the Constitution
What are the formal and informal methods of constitutional change?
How do checks and balances work in the lawmaking process today? Which current and important events do you think are examples of the success of checks and balances?
Do you think the Constitution is a relevant political document for the twenty-first century? What new amendments might be appropriate today?
Write your response to each in 150–200 words.
By
Saturday, February 4, 2017
, post your response to the appropriate
Discussion Area
. Through
Wednesday, February 8, 2017
, review and comment on at least three peers’ responses.
.
Assignment 2 A Crime in CentervaleWhile patrolling during his shi.docxBenitoSumpter862
Assignment 2: A Crime in Centervale
While patrolling during his shift, a Centervale police officer, Detective Johnson, saw two men standing on a street corner. Johnson observed the two proceed alternately back and forth between the street ahead and the corner, pausing and returning to conference. Detective Johnson found this strange as the Love's Jeweler shop was down the street. The two men repeated this ritual alternately three to four times, which appeared as if they were looking out for someone or were about to steal something. Detective Johnson saw a third man approach and handing something to one of the two men, which he stuffed into his pocket.
Detective Johnson approached the three men and identified himself as a policeman. He saw the man that stuffed the item in his pocket place his hand in his pocket again. Detective Johnson kept his eyes on the man and asked their names. Before they could answer, the detective turned the man around, patted down his outside clothing, and felt a hard object. The man objected saying, "Hey man, you can't do that. I have rights. I want my lawyer." Detective Johnson sneered, "Oh! you'll get your lawyer." Upon feeling the object, the officer removed his gun and asked the three to raise their hands and place them on the wall. The officer patted each man down and found a gun in the pocket of one man. He removed the jacket of another man and found a diamond ring in the inside pocket. The third man did not have anything in his pockets.
The three were taken to the police station and charged with grand theft and burglary. One of the men was also charged for carrying a concealed weapon. Detective Johnson ran the information concerning the gun and found that it matched the gun related to an aggravated battery and rape case from a year ago. The detective questioned Danny, the man who had the gun. At first, Danny did not want to say anything, but the detective continued questioning him. After three hours, Danny confessed to the aggravated battery and rape case. He denied being involved in the grand theft and burglary.
Danny had a first appearance in the court within three days, whereupon he is appointed an attorney but denied bail. Danny does not see his attorney until the next court appearance. The attorney asks what he wants to do and Danny said, "I want to fight it man." The attorney tells Danny, "That's not going to work; the DA is offering you a good deal if you plea." Over the objection of the victim in the court, the DA offers Danny probation if he testifies against the other two in the burglary case. The DA wants the other two to be sentenced to ten years in that case. While shaking his head, Danny pleads guilty above the cries of the victim. The DA asks the judge to hold off on sentencing until after he testifies in the other trial.
After Danny testifies against the other two defendants and they are sentenced to ten years, Danny goes back to the court. The judge, not agreeing with the deal, decides to sent.
Assignment 2 (RA 1) Analysis of Self-ImageIn this assignment, yo.docxBenitoSumpter862
Assignment 2: (RA 1): Analysis of Self-Image
In this assignment, you will identify and discuss factors that contribute to self-image during middle childhood and adolescence.
Write a 6-page research paper on factors influencing self-image during middle childhood and adolescence.
Tasks:
Conduct a review from professional literature—articles from peer-reviewed journals and relevant textbooks—on the factors influencing self-image during middle childhood and adolescence. Topics to consider include:
Family constellation
Risk and protective factors
Various aspects of cultural identity
Physical characteristics
Social interactions with peers
.
Assignment 1Write a 2-3 page outline describing the health to.docxBenitoSumpter862
Assignment
1:
Write a 2-3 page outline describing the health topic you’ve been assigned and develop a justification/rationale for an educational intervention.
Assignment
2:
Develop a graphic organizer for their topic.
The Graphic Organizer is intended to provide visual cues to enhance learning.
The graphic organizers should be included with your unit plan.
.
assignment 1The idea of living in a country where all policy sh.docxBenitoSumpter862
assignment 1
The idea of living in a country where “all policy shall be based on the weight of evidence” seems unreal for me. However this idea does not seems so crazy for Neil deGrasse Tyson, who believes this idea could work in a country. But could it really work?
The ‘Rationalia’ proposal is about that every idea need to be based on something. It means everything has to follow a process which is gathering data, observation, experimenting and having a conclusion. For a policy to get approved it needs to have the weight of evidence to support it, if it does not have it, then it will not get approve. I found it very interesting how white supremacy supported African slavery and how there was an effort to restricted the reproduction of other races. I feel like this would turn into a chaotic country because there are so many things that science cannot explain, scientist have theories only. Like most of the ancient civilization that had big constructions, ex: The Incas in Peru, there is no explanation for how the Machu Picchu ruins were constructed, or like the Pyramids in Egypt. As the scientist keep researching, new theories originate and no conclusion is made.
I do not think religion has all the answers also. Why were women not able to touch their husbands or feed their animals while menstruating? Why a women would be considered contaminated or not pure base on something as normal as menstruation. Or the idea of it is okay for men to have multiple wives but it was not okay for women to get married twice? I do believe that there is a God, but the idea of the men been superior in both science and religion makes me feel frustrated as a woman. It would be very difficult for a country to be ruled by science or by God only. I feel that there should always be a balance between science and religion, even though both want to compete with each other and have the ultimate opinion. There are somethings that I disagree with both of them. There is no need to keep fighting against each other, even the pope supported the scientific view of evolution, and as the article “Nonoverlapping Magisteria” by Stephen Jay Gould said “The Catholic Church had never opposed evolution and had no reason to do so”. For some people like me, science and religion go together.
assigment 2
In the first reading “Reflections on Rationalia” by Neil deGrasse Tyson, Tyson discusses an idea of developing a virtual world in which all its policies have to be founded based on evidence, meaning that the state would be undergoing constant research, forming a foundation for its government and how its citizens should think. Within the proposal for the new state, Tyson says that a great amount of funding will be given to the continued study of the human sciences, along with extensive training for the young to learn how to obtain, analyze and gather conclusions on data, and citizens would have the freedom to be irrational, simply no policies will be made with.
Assignment 1Recognizing the Role of Adhering to the Standar.docxBenitoSumpter862
Assignment 1:
Recognizing the Role of Adhering to the Standard of Care
When providing health care, there are standards of care which a reasonably prudent provider should follow. Providers at all levels are held to these standards of care. Failure to provide competent care to your patients will put you at risk for malpractice. Remaining current with the evidenced-based guidelines and providing optimal care will minimize the risk of liability.
For this Assignment, you will create a PowerPoint presentation that explains any legal implications that exist for failure to adhere to a standard of care, the key elements of malpractice, and compare the differences in malpractice policy options.
To prepare:
Consider the importance of using professional resources such as the National Guideline Clearinghouse to guide care delivered
Create a PowerPoint presentation no more than 15 slides in length that addresses the following:
Identify and explain any legal implications that exist for failure to adhere to a standard of care
Identify and explain the key elements of malpractice
Compare the differences in malpractice policy options
.
Assignment 1Argument MappingWrite a four to five (4-5.docxBenitoSumpter862
Assignment 1:
Argument Mapping
Write a four to five (4-5) page paper in which you:
(
Note:
Refer to Demonstration Exercise 3 located at the end of Chapter 1 for criteria 1-3.)
1.
Create an argument map based on the influence diagram presented in Case 1.3 and complete all the criteria provided in the exercise, beginning with this claim: “The U.S. should return to the 55- mph speed limit in order to conserve fuel and save lives.”
2.
Include in the map as many warrants, backings, objections, and rebuttals as possible.
3.
Assume that the original qualifier was
certainly;
indicate whether the qualifier changes as we move from a simple, static, uncontested argument to a complex, dynamic and contested argument.
(
Note:
Refer to Demonstration Exercise 3 located at the end of Chapter 8 for criterion 4.)
4.
Apply the argument mapping procedures presented in Chapter 8 to analyze the pros and cons (or strengths and weaknesses) of the recommendations that the United States should
not
intervene in the Balkans.
(
Note:
Refer to Demonstration Exercise 4 located at the end of Chapter 8 for criteria 5-7.)
Demonstration exercise 3 chapter 1
Create an argument map based on the influence diagram presented in Case 1.3. Begin with the following claim: “The United States should return to the 55 mph speed limit in order to conserve fuel and save lives.” Include in your map as many warrants, backings, objections, and rebuttals as you can. Assuming that the original qualifier was certainly, indicate whether the qualifier changes as we move from a simple, static, uncontested argument to a complex, dynamic, and contested argument
Influence diagram presented in case 1.3
CASE 1.3 THE INFLUENCE DIAGRAM AND DECISION TREE—STRUCTURING PROBLEMS OF ENERGY POLICY AND INTERNATIONAL SECURIY
Along with other policy-analytic methods discussed earlier in this chapter (Figure 1.1), the influence diagram and decision tree are useful tools for structuring policy problems.52 The influence diagram (Figure C1.3) displays the policy, the National Maximum Speed Limit, as a rectangle. A rectangle always refers to a policy choice or decision node, which in this case is the choice between adopting and not adopting the national maximum speed limit of 55 mph. To the right and above the decision node are uncertain events, represented as ovals, which are connected to the decision node with arrows showing how the speed limit affects or is affected by them. The rectangles with shaved corners represent valued policy outcomes or objectives. The objectives are to lower fuel consumption, reduce travel time, reduce injuries, and avert traffic fatalities. To the right of the objectives is another shaved rectangle, which designates the net benefits (benefits less costs) of the four objectives. The surprising result of using the influence diagram for problem structuring is the discovery of causally relevant economic events, such as the recession and unemployment, .
Assignment 121. Create a GUI application that contains textboxes.docxBenitoSumpter862
Assignment 12
1. Create a GUI application that contains
textboxes
for first name, last name and title. The app should also contain one button (with the text "Format!"). Once a user filles in textboxes and clicks the button the user-entered info should be displayed in a
label
formatted with one space between the title, first name, and last name.
2. Create a GUI higher/lower guessing game that lets a user guess a number between 1 and 111 (you can either randomly assign the secret number or hardcode it). Let the user enter his/her guess in a
textbox
then click a Submit button to submit his/her guess. If the guess is too low change the form color to YELLOW. If the guess is too high change the form color to BLUE. If the guess is correct change the form color to GREEN and display the number of guesses it took.
.
Assignment 1.3 Assignment 1.3 Article Review Read the article .docxBenitoSumpter862
Assignment 1.3
Assignment 1.3 Article Review
Read the article Social Service or Social Change, available in attachments. Review this article, using the Article Review format provided. Please note there are three sections of an article review.
The first is a brief summary of the article. The second, the Critique, is
about
your opinion of the information presented in the article, and the third, the Application, is about how you might use this information in the future. The Article Review template is located in attachments.
.
Assignment 1Answer the following questions concisely (no.docxBenitoSumpter862
Assignment 1
Answer the following questions concisely (no more than half a page per question)
1.
What is the National Prevention Strategy and who is responsible for it?
2. What are the differences among community health, population health, and global health?
3. Which federal department in the United States is the government’s principal agency for protecting the health of all Americans and for providing essential human services, especially to those who are least able to help themselves? What major services does this department provide?
4. How do state and local health departments interface?
5. What significance do you think Healthy People 2020 will have in the years ahead?
.
Assignment 1 Victims’ RightsThe death penalty is one of the mos.docxBenitoSumpter862
Assignment 1: Victims’ Rights
The death penalty is one of the most controversial topics in the criminal justice system. In the US criminal justice system, the government represents the victim. At the time of sentencing, many states allow victim impact statements. There are additional issues to consider in the application of the death penalty. Some of these issues are race, age, and cost.
Use the Argosy University Online Library resources to research the role of the victims in sentencing a defendant.
Submission Details:
By
June 28
, 2017
, post your responses to the following topics to this
Discussion Area
.
Discuss what you learned, focusing on such topics as racial disparity, juveniles, and victim impact statements. Be sure to cite your sources of information in the APA style.
Describe a specific case you learned about in the news where victims' rights figured prominently (either in a positive or in a negative way).
.
Assignment 1 Unreasonable Searches and SeizuresThe Fourth Amend.docxBenitoSumpter862
Assignment 1: Unreasonable Searches and Seizures
The Fourth Amendment to the US Constitution protects citizens' rights to be free from unreasonable governmental intrusion. The text of the amendment reads: "The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures, shall not be violated, and no Warrants shall issue, but upon probable cause, supported by Oath or affirmation, and particularly describing the place to be searched, and the persons or things to be seized."
There are many legal safeguards in place to ensure that police officers interfere with citizens' Fourth Amendment rights under limited circumstances. In Centervale, there have been several citizen complaints about Fourth Amendment violations by the local police department. The Centervale chief of police, Charles Draper, has determined that the behavior of some police officers reveals a lack of consistent understanding of the criminal justice concepts dealing with the Fourth Amendment prohibition against unreasonable searches and unreasonable seizures.
Submission Details:
By
Monday
, post to the
Discussion Area
your response to the following:
Explain what constitutes an unreasonable search or seizure.
Use examples to support your response.
Explain how the exclusionary rule and fruit of the poisonous tree apply.
.
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Francesca Gottschalk - How can education support child empowerment.pptxEduSkills OECD
Francesca Gottschalk from the OECD’s Centre for Educational Research and Innovation presents at the Ask an Expert Webinar: How can education support child empowerment?
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
A review of the growth of the Israel Genealogy Research Association Database Collection for the last 12 months. Our collection is now passed the 3 million mark and still growing. See which archives have contributed the most. See the different types of records we have, and which years have had records added. You can also see what we have for the future.
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
Acetabularia Information For Class 9 .docxvaibhavrinwa19
Acetabularia acetabulum is a single-celled green alga that in its vegetative state is morphologically differentiated into a basal rhizoid and an axially elongated stalk, which bears whorls of branching hairs. The single diploid nucleus resides in the rhizoid.
Introduction to AI for Nonprofits with Tapp NetworkTechSoup
Dive into the world of AI! Experts Jon Hill and Tareq Monaur will guide you through AI's role in enhancing nonprofit websites and basic marketing strategies, making it easy to understand and apply.
Safalta Digital marketing institute in Noida, provide complete applications that encompass a huge range of virtual advertising and marketing additives, which includes search engine optimization, virtual communication advertising, pay-per-click on marketing, content material advertising, internet analytics, and greater. These university courses are designed for students who possess a comprehensive understanding of virtual marketing strategies and attributes.Safalta Digital Marketing Institute in Noida is a first choice for young individuals or students who are looking to start their careers in the field of digital advertising. The institute gives specialized courses designed and certification.
for beginners, providing thorough training in areas such as SEO, digital communication marketing, and PPC training in Noida. After finishing the program, students receive the certifications recognised by top different universitie, setting a strong foundation for a successful career in digital marketing.
2. interventions of internet addiction for African American college
students especially who are
depressed and not resilient in their first year.
Keywords: internet addiction, depression, resilience, African
American university students
INTRODUCTION
The Internet’s rapid and deep integration into daily life has
created a public health concern
among young adults (Christakis et al., 2011; Jelenchick, Becker,
& Moreno, 2012; Wu et al.,
2015). Building on Young’s (1996, 1998) initial
conceptualization of internet addiction, various
researchers have characterized the condition as pathological use
of the Internet, leading to
significant impairment or distress (Cash et al., 2012; Elhai et
al., 2017; Shaw & Black, 2008).
Despite the variations in its conceptual and operational
definitions, internet addiction has been
used interchangeably with internet use disorder (Kardefelt-
Winther, 2017), pathological Internet
use (Kaess et al., 2016), and problematic Internet use
(Lachmann et al., 2016). Using the term
internet addiction to cover the collective phenomenon, the
present study aimed to examine
factors associated with internet addiction among African
American university students in the
United States.
VULNERABILITY TO INTERNET ADDICTION IN
3. UNIVERSITY STUDENTS
Research indicates that internet addiction often leads to various
negative consequences,
including behavioral, emotional, or relational problems (De Leo
& Wulfert, 2013; Kuss et al.,
2014; Kuss & Lopez-Fernandez, 2016). For example, early
studies on internet addiction showed
that internet addicts are likely to do less exercise, seek less
medical care, skip meals, and sleep
late compared to common internet users (Brenner, 1997; Chou
& Hsiao, 2000; Deatherage,
Servaty-Seib, & Aksoz, 2014; Kim et al., 2010). Moreover,
internet addiction accompanies
distress in vocational and academic settings, leading to
unemployment or poor academic
performance (Kim et al., 2017; Shek, Sun, & Yu, 2013).
Previous empirical studies demonstrated
that those with internet addiction frequently experience
relational conflicts such as child neglect,
marital discord, failed marriages, and uncommitted friendships
and other interpersonal
relationships (Kerkhof, Finkenauer, & Muusses, 2011).
_______________________________
Funding for this research was provided to the first author by a
grant (TI-025590) from the Substance Abuse Mental
Health Services Administration’s (SAMHSA) Center for
Substance Abuse Treatment (CSAT) and Center for Mental
Health Services (CMHS) through the Historically Black
Colleges and Universities-Center for Excellence in Behavioral
Health (HBCU-CFE) at Morehouse School of Medicine. The
authors would like to express their gratitude to the Center
and its staff for their generous support.
This content downloaded from
5. university students to expand their relationships to faculty,
social clubs, or organizations
(Anderson, 2014; Parker et al., 2012). In accordance with the
expansion of relationships,
university students who experience dissatisfaction with close
relationships may leverage internet
contents excessively, including online communication to escape
from relational situations (Lam,
2014; Vorderer, Klimmt, & Ritterfeld, 2004; Wang, 2014).
Factors Contributing to Internet Addiction
Researchers have identified several primary factors that predict
internet addiction. Time spent
online is a key predictor of internet addiction. Internet addicts
spend average 20 to 40 hours per
week, which accounts for three to eight times more internet
usage than normal Internet users
(Young, 2010, 2015). This is partly because internet addicts
tend to have a distortion of the
amount of time spent online and, therefore, stay online longer
than non-Internet addicts do
(Bozoglan, Demirer, & Sahin, 2013). Moreover, prior research
showed that increased time on
the Internet decreases time spent with friends and increases
family conflicts (Mesch, 2006; Nie,
2002). However, research has also pointed out that an
individual’s internet addiction correlated
more significantly to the hours the person spends online for
recreational purposes than the total
amount of hours the person spends online (Tokunaga, 2014).
Furthermore, according to types of
distinct online addictive behaviors, internet addiction can vary,
including addiction pertaining to
6. cyber-sex, cyber-relationship, obsessive online shopping or
trading, information overload, and
obsessive computer game playing (Pontes, Kuss, & Griffiths,
2015).
Regarding demographic variables, age and gender are also
factors that influence Internet
addiction. Younger people are more likely to experience
Internet addiction compared to older
people (Aboujaoude, 2010; Morrison & Gore, 2010).
Furthermore, a systematic review study
revealed that the male gender is associated with internet
addiction, indicating that there is no
significant difference in frequency of internet use, while
behavioral aspects related to internet
addiction differ by activities on the Internet (Fattore et al.,
2014). However, multiple studies
showed that males are at higher risk for internet addiction, with
their preferences for online
games and online sex compared to females (Canan et al., 2012;
Choi et al., 2015; Çuhadar, 2012;
Lin, Ko, & Wu, 2011). In contrast, recent studies revealed that
females are vulnerable to Internet
addiction because of familial conflicts and poorer mental health,
with their preferences for online
communicative activities such as chatting, messaging, and
blogging (Ciarrochi et al., 2016;
Coyne et al., 2015; Heo et al., 2014).
Researchers have indicated that depression (i.e., major
depressive disorder or clinical
depression) is a common but serious mood disorder, being a
critical determinant to Internet
addiction among adolescents and university students
(Bahrainian et al., 2014; Boonvisudhi &
Kuladee, 2017; Christakis et al., 2011; Orsal et al., 2013).
8. association between internet addiction
and depression is bi-directional, suggesting that depression can
be outcomes of Internet addiction
(Ciarrochi et al., 2016; Dong, Kalmaz, & Savides, 2011; Gentile
et al., 2011).
Whereas many studies have examined factors contributing to
internet addiction, few studies
have paid attention to the factors that potentially function as a
buffer to Internet addiction. Social
support, especially from family, correlates reversely to internet
addiction (Chen, Chen, & Gau,
2015; Thorsteinsson & Davey, 2014). Additionally, quality
relationships correlate negatively to
Internet addiction. For example, Kerkhof and colleagues (2011)
found compulsive Internet use
is negatively associated with relationship quality among
newlywed couples. Furthermore, Jin
and Berge (2016) reported the potential mediational effect of
marital intimacy on the link
between acculturative stress and internet addiction among Asian
married couples. Longitudinal
studies demonstrated familial or peer relationships have
protective effects on Internet addiction
among adolescents through improving communication skills
(Gámez-Guadix et al., 2013; Wang,
Wu, & Lau, 2016; Yu & Shek, 2013).
Moreover, resilience may play a significant role in protecting
individuals from developing
Internet addiction. Resilience, originally defined as the ability
to cope with negative experiences,
such as acute stress, trauma, or more chronic forms of adversity,
permits a person to maintain
psychological well-being (Choi et al., 2015; d’Haenens,
Vandoninck, & Donoso, 2013; Jung et
9. al., 2012). Accordingly, resilience may enable individuals to
appropriately deal with factors
contributing to internet addiction, consequently resulting in
protecting them from developing the
disorder (Russo et al., 2012). Choi and associates (2015) found
resilience correlates negatively
with Internet addiction and smartphone addiction among
university students. Resilience has a
partial mediational effect on the relationships between internet
addiction and perceived class
climate and alienation, suggesting that improved resilience can
lead to reduced internet addiction
(Li et al., 2010). Another study also found that resilience
mediates the relationship between stress
and internet addiction among high school males (Jang & Choi,
2012). Moreover, multiple studies
found resilience to have a negative association with depression
(Gloria & Steinhardt, 2016;
Holden et al., 2013; Spies & Seedat, 2014). These findings
suggest that resilience may mitigate
the effects of depression on Internet addiction (Kuss et al.,
2013; Wisniewski et al., 2015).
Research Gaps
Previous studies have evaluated factors at individual and
contextual levels that are predicative
of internet addiction. While these studies provide useful
information for developing approaches
that focus on reducing negative consequences pertaining to
internet addiction, the information is
limited in addressing resilience toward internet addiction.
Therefore, there is the need to better
understand how resilience—the ability to recover quickly from
11. of internet usage on structure values and social behaviors (Park
& Villar, 2015). While Pew
Research Center’s Internet and American Life Project (Fox &
Duggan, 2012) revealed that
young African Americans use Twitter the most in the U.S., this
did not fully reflect internet
behaviors among African American university students (Smith,
2015; Smith, Rainie, & Zickuhr,
2011). Moreover, this project also reported that cell phone
ownership rate is comparable between
Blacks and Whites in the United States (Pew Research Center,
2017), but African American cell
phone users are more likely to seek health information on their
phones compared to White cell
phone users (Fox & Duggan, 2012). Therefore, it is necessary to
explore internet usage among
African American university students. Such research can lead to
the development of
interventions designed to provide mental health information
especially regarding depression.
These interventions and information are likely to be easily
accessible via a cellphone to African
American university students who suffer from internet
addiction. To the authors’ knowledge, the
present study is the first to assess the mediating effect of
resilience between depression and
internet addiction among African American university students.
The findings of the study will
offer critical implications to mental health practitioners and
university professionals, as these
results will illuminate the need for targeted interventions that
help tackle internet addiction by
improving resilience among African American university
students.
12. PURPOSE OF THE STUDY
The present study examined the interactions between factors of
internet addiction in African
American university students, with a specific focus on
resilience. Particularly, this study
investigated the relationships between internet addiction and
depression and social-demographic
variables, including gender, age, income, classification, grade
point average (GPA.), marital
status, number of children, employment status, and recreational
and essential time spent online.
This study also evaluated the mediating effect of resilience
between depression and internet
addiction. The following research questions were established:
• Research question 1: Which set of factors best predicts
internet addiction?
• Research question 2: Are there statistically significant
associations between internet addiction and
gender, depression, and resilience?
• Research question 3: Does resilience mediate the relationship
between depression and internet
addiction?
METHODS
Study Design and Sampling Procedure
The study used convenience and purposive sampling to recruit
13. African American university
students at an HBCU in the southeastern region of the U.S.
during April 2014. To reduce
sampling bias inherent in nonprobability sampling, the classes
for data collection were randomly
selected from a list of the university course tally. The research
team contacted instructors of the
selected classes by email to explain the study purpose and data
collection procedure and seek
their permission to administer a self-reported cross-sectional
survey by the research team during
class. The research team set up a schedule for the survey
administration by email with the
instructors who agreed. With class instructors’ permission, staff
of the research team briefly
explained the nature and purpose of the study, and then
administrated the survey questionnaires
and informed consent documents to students who were
interested in the study. Instructors
allowed students who did not want to participate to leave the
classroom. The survey took about
15 minutes to complete. Three hundred and twenty-six African
American undergraduate and
graduate students from five of the university’s schools
participated in this study. At the time of
data collection, the university had about 3,500 students enrolled
of which 74% were female and
less than 5% were non-Black students, including international
students. Given a small percentage
of non-Black students at the university, the research team
decided not to collect information
regarding race or ethnicity of participants in that, the number of
potential non-Black participants
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15. or “A” (40.2%, n = 131). With
respect to internet usage, participants reported spending on
average seven hours (SD = 5.40) per
day using the Internet for recreational purposes and five hours
(SD = 3.96) per day using the
Internet for essential purposes. The sample represented the
characteristics of the university
demographics.
Measurements
Internet addiction. To measure the influence of internet use on
everyday life and social
interactions, this study used Young’s (1998) Internet Addiction
Test (IAT). The IAT consists of
20 items with a six-point Likert scale ranging from 0 = “rarely”
to 5 = “always.” A total score
higher than 50 and less than 80 indicates moderate internet
addiction—internet users with a score
in the range may experience occasional problems because of
excessive internet use. When it is
between 80 and 100, internet users with a score may experience
significant problems in their life
because of the Internet. The IAT has been used to assess
internet addiction (Aboujaoude, 2010).
With the Cronbach’s alpha of .94 in this study, the internal
consistency of the items indicates
excellent reliability.
Depression. This study assessed depressive symptomology using
the Center for
Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D; Radloff,
16. 1977). The CES-D, a self-reported
20-item measurement, assesses depression across various age
ranges on a four-point Likert scale
with 0 indicating “rarely” and 3 indicating “almost all the
time.” Its clinical cutoff for depression
is 16 or more; that indicates individuals at high risk of
depression. The CES-D’s Cronbach’s
alpha for this study was .85, indicating good internal
consistency between items.
Resilience. In this study, the Brief Resilience Scale (BRS)
assessed resilience in students.
Smith and colleagues (2008) developed the BRS, which consists
of six items with a five-point
Likert scale ranging from “strongly disagree” to “strongly
agree.” The content includes items
related to various components of resilience, including the
ability to bounce back (e.g., “I tend to
bounce back from quickly hard times”) or recover from stress
(e.g., “It does not take me long to
recover from a stressful event,” Agnes, 2005). In this study, the
original scale yielded an alpha
coefficient of .36, which suggests poor internal consistency
between items. Therefore, a factor
analysis determined which item or items to eliminate. Results
from the principal component
analysis showed that item number three had a low loading
(.027), which is lower than .30, and
consequently, it was removed from the analysis. Eliminati ng
this item increased the reliability
coefficient to .76, which indicates good internal consistency
between the five items.
DATA ANALYSIS
18. The first research question used a stepwise multiple-regression
analysis to estimate the
model. It was necessary to determine which factors to enter into
the analysis; therefore, Pearson’s
correlation evaluated the relationship between internet addiction
and all continuous variables,
including age, depression, time spent online for recreational and
essential purposes. Independent
t-test evaluated mean differences between males and females
with regard to internet addiction.
Lastly, one-way ANOVA determined mean differences between
groups of more than three
(socioeconomic status, classification, GPA, marital status,
number of children, employment
status, and income), with regard to internet addiction.
Depression level and classification
emerged as significant factors. Because it was categorical,
classification was recoded into five
dummy variables, and therefore, eleven factors were entered
into the analysis. The second
research question used three chi-square tests to examine three
sets of relationships: (a) the
association between internet addiction and gender; (b) the
association between Internet addiction
and depression; (c) and the association between internet
addiction and resilience. The last
research question examined the significance of the effect of
resilience as mediating variable. It
used a hierarchal multiple regression analysis, and all
assumptions were satisfied to conduct this
analysis.
RESULTS
19. Which set of factors best predicts internet addiction? (Research
Question 1)
Table 1 shows results of multiple regression analysis that
examined factors associated with
Internet addiction among participants (F = 30.48, p < .001).
Depression was the strongest factor,
with a beta of .38 (p < .001). Freshman status emerged as the
second strongest predictor, with a
beta of .13 (p < .05). This model explains approximately 16
percent (R = .40) of the variance in
internet addiction.
Are there statistically significant associations between internet
addiction and gender,
depression, and resilience? (Research Question 2)
Chi-square tests examined the association of internet addiction
(addicts vs. non-addicts) with
gender (female vs. male), depression (depressed vs. not
depressed), and resilience (resilient vs.
not resilient), among a sample of 326 participants. The results
of the chi-square tests revealed
internet addiction was significantly associated with depression
(χ2 [df = 2] = 4.264, p < .05) and
with resilience (χ2 [df = 1] = 4.754, p < .05) while there was no
statistically significant
association between internet addiction and gender (χ2 [df = 1] =
.177, p > .05; see Table 2).
Table 1
21. Yes 122 38.6 14 4.4 108 34.2
No 194 61.4 10 3.2 184 58.2
Total 316 100 24 7.6 292 92.4
Resilience 4.754 < .05
Yes 82 25.7 11 3.4 71 22.3
No 237 74.3 14 4.4 223 69.9
Total 319 100 25 7.8 294 92.2
Note. a Internet addict; b Two-tailed alpha.
_____________________________________________________
________________
Furthermore, the Phi-coefficient (ɸ) examined the association
between dichotomous
variables. The results showed a non-significant negative
association between internet addiction
and gender (ɸ 2 = -.024), a significant positive association
between internet addiction and
depression (ɸ 2 = .116), and a significant negative association
between internet addiction and
resilience (ɸ 2 = -.122), respectively. These results indicate that
depressed people are likely to
have internet addiction (accounting for 1.4 percent of the
variance), whereas people who are not
resilient are more likely to have internet addiction (accounting
for 1.5 percent of the variance).
Does resilience mediate the relationship between internet
addiction and depression?
(Research Question 3)
To test the mediational effect of resilience between depression
and internet addiction, it was
necessary to establish the following three conditions: (a)
depression significantly correlates with
23. The present study examined factors associated with internet
addiction in African American
students at an HBCU. Particularly, this study focused on
assessing the mediational effect of
resilience on the association between depression and internet
addiction. The findings of the study
shed light on interventions aimed at reducing internet addiction
by leveraging its relevant factors.
The study found that levels of depression positively predict
levels of Internet addiction,
which are consistent with previous studies (Boonvisudhi &
Kuladee, 2017; Christakis et al.,
2011; Torres, 2011). This finding suggests that African
American students with higher levels of
depression can be at increased risk of developing internet
addiction. This also implies that when
students visit to a university health center complaining of
internet addiction, it is important for
mental health practitioners at the health center to assess the
coexistence of depression along with
internet addiction. Given some students’ low-income status and
academic burdens, stressors
might significantly contribute to depression, which, in turn,
influenced their levels of internet
addiction (Orsal et al., 2013; Tang et al., 2014). Therefore,
future studies should examine the
relationships among stressors, depression, and internet
addiction in African American university
students.
Although this study did not support the mediational model, the
findings provide a potential
critical role of resilience in positively influencing i nternet
25. internet addiction should focus
not only on eliminating risk factors such as depression, but also
on enhancing protective factors
such as resilience. Therefore, it is worthwhile for university
professionals to develop resilience-
enhancing programs for African American students, particularly
focusing on ethnicity identity
development, stress coping sessions, on/off-line peer support
groups, or physical exercise
activities.
Finally, the findings revealed that freshmen students are more
likely than upper class
students are to present with internet addiction. Existing
literature has also focused on internet
addiction among freshmen university students, indicating their
heightened vulnerability to
internet addiction (Han et al., 2017; Yao et al., 2013). This may
be in part because freshmen
typically undergo a more stressful adjustment to new school life
and environment than other
classes (Chou et al., 2015; Deatherage, Seraty-Seib, & Aksoz,
2014). Therefore, to escape from
the stressful situations, younger students might increase their
internet use that might lead to their
higher levels of internet addiction. Another possible explanation
is that younger students (e.g.,
freshman class in this study) might have more experiences of
using the Internet than older
students (e.g., graduates in this study). Younger people,
referred to as ‘digital natives,’ generally
have earlier exposure to and are more adept at using new
technologies and devices than older
people who are referred to as ‘digital immigrants’ (Benotsch et
al., 2013; Lee & Coughlin, 2015).
Existing research also has indicated that there is a potential gap
26. in usage of technologies between
digital natives and digital immigrants. Variations exist even
within digital natives according to
accessibility and use of technologies for their socialization and
learning (Bennett & Corrin, 2018;
Bullen & Morgan, 2016; Kirschner & De Bruyckere, 2017). This
implies that universities need
early intervention strategies for students’ internet addiction. For
example, during orientation for
freshmen, universities can assess students’ internet behaviors
and internet addiction, as well as,
other pertinent risk factors including depression. Counseling
centers on campus also need to
track internet addiction and related factors among freshmen
students and continue providing
treatment services throughout their matriculation.
LIMITATIONS
This study has some limitations. First, the study employed a
cross-sectional survey. Although
the findings of this study provided useful information on factors
affecting internet addiction,
longitudinal designs will provide clearer evidence for causal
relationships between internet
addiction and risk factors. Additionally, the time of survey
administration (i.e., close to final
exam period) might have influenced both depression and
internet addiction scores. Given the
link between depression and stressful events and that depression
is a major risk factor of internet
addiction, future studies need to consider the possible effect
that survey administration timing
has on study variables. Lastly, while this study was the first to
investigate internet addiction
among African American students and identify its factors among
28. students with internet addiction might
prove useful. Lastly, more culturally appropriate interventions
for internet addiction among
African American university students are necessary.
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Exploring Internet Addiction as a Process Addiction
Carlisle, Kristy L;Carlisle, Robert M;Polychronopoulos, Gina
B;Goodman-Scott, Emily;Kirk-Jenkins,...
Journal of Mental Health Counseling; Apr 2016; 38, 2; Research
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