The document discusses the division between the Eastern and Western Christian churches that led to two traditions. It then provides historical context around events in the 8th century that contributed to the schism between the churches in Rome and Constantinople. It also describes how missionary work by Saints Cyril and Methodius to convert Slavic people groups to Orthodox Christianity in the 9th century helped spread the Cyrillic alphabet and led to the rise of Russia with Moscow eventually declaring itself the "third Rome" after the fall of Constantinople.

1. Division of the Church
Explain why the Eastern and
Western churches created two
traditions.
S

2. The Church Divides
S Christianity had begun to develop differently in the
Western and Eastern Roman Empires- due to distance
and lack of contact
S Eastern Christianity built its heritage on the works of early
Church fathers.
S Eventual split into the Eastern Orthodox and Roman
Catholic Church

3. Split between Rome and
Constantinople
S Christianity built its heritage on the
works of early church fathers
S I.E.- Saint Basil [357 CE] wrote rules for
life of months
S Saint John Chrysostom- Bishop of
Constantinople from 398-404 CE was
the patriarch

4. 8th Century Controversy
S 730 CE- Emperor Leo III- banned the use of icons believing their
use amounted to idol worship
S Army supported the emperor’s view and iconoclasts broke into
churches to destroy images leading to riots, and clergy rebellion
S In the West, the pope supported the use of icons, One pope order
the excommunication of a Byzantine emperor over the issue
S Soon the pope and the patriarch excommunication each other in a
dispute over religious doctrine.
S The schism permanently divided the Church

5. The 11th Century- Comparing 2
Churches

6. The Christian Church
S East & West had different ideas about church
practices
S Pope
S Most powerful leader in the West
S Was not recognized as leader by Byzantine’s
S Patriarch
S Most powerful leader in the East

7. Byzantine Missionaries
Convert the Slavs
S 2 traditions of Christianity competed for converts
S Missionaries from the Orthodox church took on the Slavs, groups
of people that initiated in the forests N. of the Black Sea
S Saint Methodius and Saint Cyril worked among them in 9th
Century
S Invented an alphabet for the Slavic Languages, so Slavs could
tread the Bible in their own tongues
S Slavic languages including Russian are now written in the Cyrillic
alphabet

9. The Rise of Russia
S Geography
S Large plain stretching across E. Europe & Central Asia
S Carpathian mountains – Ural mountians
S Steppe
S Eurasia
S Rivers: Dniester, Dnieper & Don –flow into Black Sea
S Other rivers: Vistula, Neman & Dvina

10. People of Russia
S Slavs
S Avars
S Huns
S Magyars
S Vikings

11. Keivan Russia
S A.D. 879- A.D. 1240
S People:
S Rus
S Leader: Rurik
Cities:
S Novgorod
S Kiev
S Region came to be known as Rus (Russia)

12. Kiev
S Located along rich trade route
S Most important principality
S Capital
S Traded with Byzantine Empire

13. Government of Kievan Russia
S Led by princes
S Boyers
S Veche
S Yaroslav I
S Wise
S Built many churches
S Introduced Russia’s 1st code of laws
S Pravda Russkia

14. Religion of Keivan Russia
S Missionaries brought Christianity-A.D.
800’s
S Vladimir I
S Ruler
S Impressed w/ Hagia Sophia
S Converted to Christianity
S Anna-wanted to marry her [daughter of
Byzantine Emperor Romanos II]
S Ordered all Keivans to become Christians
S Destroyed pagan stutues

15. Economy of Kiev
S Two major
agricultural regions
S Taiga
S Great forests
S Much rainfall
S Winters long & cold
S Short growing season
S Steppe
S Less rain
S Milder climate
S Longer growing
season

16. Economy continued
S Traded w/ Byzantines
S Agricultural goods
S Wood
S Iron
S Salt
S Furs
S Honey

17. Kievan Social Classes
S Princes
S Boyers
S Town artisans & merchants
S Peasants
S Largest and lowest class
S Lived in small villages
S Clergy
S Performed religious ceremonies
S Ran hospitals

18. Attacks on Kiev
S Polovtsy (Turkish people)
S Interfered with Kiev’s trade
S Italian city-states developed new trade
routes
S Mongols invade Kiev
S Conquered or destroyed every Kievan Russian
city

19. Mongols rule Kievan Russia
S Put a heavy tax on people
S Built important roads
S Improved communication
S Russian language came into
existence

20. Moscow
S Muscovy A.D. 1300
S Prince Ivan I
S Cooperated with the mongols
S Orthodox church moved to Moscow
S Ivan III 1462-1505
S Ivan the Great
S Became independent of Mongols rule
S United many principalities

21. Growth of church
S Acquired land
S Church was a major land owner
S Church leader was patriarch
S Constantinople falls
S Moscow declared “third Rome”

22. Review
How did the
mission to covert
slavs lead to
Moscow becoming
the third Rome?