The document discusses the origins and evolution of different genres of African American music such as spirituals, ragtime, jazz, and bebop. It provides information on key musicians like Scott Joplin, King Oliver, Louis Armstrong, Duke Ellington, Charlie Parker, and Miles Davis. It analyzes elements of different styles including syncopation in ragtime, blues progressions and improvisation in New Orleans jazz, sections and swing rhythm in big bands, and the use of smaller combos and complex improvisation in bebop.

1. Spirituals, Ragtime, Jazz

2. Spirituals

3. • Religious songs created by enslaved
Africans in America

5. Maple Leaf Rag, 1899

6. Maple Leaf Rag, 1899

7. Maple Leaf Rag, 1899

8. Scott Joplin (1868-1917)

12. So what’s “Ragtime?”

14. • saloons, brothels, etc.

15. • saloons, brothels, etc.
• elements of African-American traditions

16. • saloons, brothels, etc.
• elements of African-American traditions
• dance music

17. • saloons, brothels, etc.
• elements of African-American traditions
• dance music
• immensely popular with young people

18. Syncopation
--regularly spaced accents against the meter
--accompaniment two pulses, melody three
(hemiola)

19. Syncopation
--regularly spaced accents against the meter
--accompaniment two pulses, melody three
(hemiola)
melody: x o o x o o x o o x o o x
accomp.: x o x o x o x o x o x o x

20. “Maple Leaf Rag”
||: A :||: B :|| A ||: C :||: D :||

21. “Maple Leaf Rag”
||: A :||: B :|| A ||: C :||: D :||

22. “Maple Leaf Rag”
||: A :||: B :|| A ||: C :||: D :||

23. Joplin’s ragtime music features a regular
beat playing against accents off the
beat. This is called ________.
1. syncretism
2. ostinato
3. syncopation
4. polytonality

24. New Orleans Jazz

25. New Orleans Jazz
• dominant Jazz style just after WWI
• 12-bar blues progressions
• melody presented
• solos follow
• “Hotter than that”

26. New Orleans Jazz
• dominant Jazz style just after WWI
• 12-bar blues progressions
• melody presented
• solos follow
• “Hotter than that”

27. New Orleans Jazz
• dominant Jazz style just after WWI
• 12-bar blues progressions
• melody presented
• solos follow
• “Hotter than that”

28. Leading New Orleans
Jazz Musicians
• Joe “King” Oliver (1885–1938), cornet
• Louis Armstrong (1901–1971), trumpet
• Jelly Roll Morton (1890–1941), piano

29. King Oliver and Louis
Armstrong
• King Oliver moved to Chicago in 1918 and
formed his own band in 1920.
• In 1922, Armstrong joined King Oliver’s
Creole Jazz Band.
• They made some of the most important
recordings in jazz history
• Armstrong later formed his own band
called the Hot Five or Hot Seven.

30. “West End Blues”
• composed King Oliver
• recorded Louis Armstrong
• Intro, five choruses (including scat singing)

31. “West End Blues”
• composed King Oliver
• recorded Louis Armstrong
• Intro, five choruses (including scat singing)

32. “West End Blues”
• composed King Oliver
• recorded Louis Armstrong
• Intro, five choruses (including scat singing)

33. Swing

34. • Duke Ellington, “Cotton Tail”

35. • Duke Ellington, “Cotton Tail”

36. • Duke Ellington, “Cotton Tail”

37. Edward Kennedy “Duke” Ellington (1899-1974)

38. Ellington

39. What instrument did
“Duke” Ellington play?
1. Banjo
2. Saxophone
3. Piano
4. Trumpet

40. • improvisation
• “swing” rhythm

41. • improvisation
• “swing” rhythm

42. • improvisation
• “swing” rhythm

43. • Sections of band--roles

44. Which is not a section of
the Jazz orchestra?
1. Trumpets
2. Rhythm
3. Strings
4. Saxophones

45. Choruses in “Cotton Tail”
1. Tune (“Head”) presented
2. Tenor saxophone solo
3. Tenor saxophone solo
4. Trumpets, Baritone saxophone, piano
5. Saxophone section
6. “Shout” chorus, Trumpet & Saxophone sections
(head returns)

46. Choruses in “Cotton Tail”
1. Tune (“Head”) presented
2. Tenor saxophone solo
3. Tenor saxophone solo
4. Trumpets, Baritone saxophone, piano
5. Saxophone section
6. “Shout” chorus, Trumpet & Saxophone sections
(head returns)

47. Choruses in “Cotton Tail”
1. Tune (“Head”) presented
2. Tenor saxophone solo
3. Tenor saxophone solo
4. Trumpets, Baritone saxophone, piano
5. Saxophone section
6. “Shout” chorus, Trumpet & Saxophone sections
(head returns)

48. Bebop

50. Charlie Parker
Miles Davis

51. Charlie Parker
Miles Davis

52. Charlie Parker
Miles Davis

53. Charlie Parker (1920-1955)

54. Charlie Parker played
what instrument?
1. Piano
2. Drums
3. Trumpet
4. Saxophone

55. • small combos
• alto sax, trumpet, tenor sax
• piano, bass, drums

56. Which is not a way Bebop
differs from Swing?
1. Bebop uses smaller numbers of instruments
2. Bebop does not feature improvisation
3. Bebop is meant as “listening music”

57. Choruses for “Ornithology”
1. Head, trumpet & saxes
2. Alto saxophone solo
3. Trumpet solo
4. Tenor saxophone solo
5. Head, trumpet & saxes

58. Choruses for “Ornithology”
1. Head, trumpet & saxes
2. Alto saxophone solo
3. Trumpet solo
4. Tenor saxophone solo
5. Head, trumpet & saxes

59. Choruses for “Ornithology”
1. Head, trumpet & saxes
2. Alto saxophone solo
3. Trumpet solo
4. Tenor saxophone solo
5. Head, trumpet & saxes