10 of 25 Which describes commensalism correctly a symbiotic relation.pdf

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10 of 25 Which describes commensalism correctly? a symbiotic relationship where one species receives a benefit without impacting the species a symbiotic relationship where neither species receive a benefit an antagonistic relationship between two species a symbiotic relationship where both species receive a benefit a symbiotic relationship where one species receives a benefit, while the other is harmed 11 of 25 An algal bloom is defined as which of the following? Mass feeding on algal cells by zooplankton Mass horizontal migrations of algal cells Mass reproduction of algal cells Mass death of algal cells Mass vertical migrations of algal cells 12 of 25 Which of the following describes dinoflagellates but not diatoms? Dinoflagellates are Fungi. Dinoflagellates have a silica cell wall. Dinoflagellates can be heterotrophic. Dinoflagellates are only found in sandy lagoon habitats. Dinoflagellates produce auxospores. 13 of 25 Which group are characterized by having a shell made of silica (SiO2) ? Ciliates. Diatoms. Stromatolites. Cyanobacteria. Foraminiferans..

Please help with these marine biology questions 10 of 25 Which describes commensalism correctly? a symbiotic relationship where one species receives a benefit without impacting the species a symbiotic relationship where neither species receive a benefit an antagonistic relationship between two species a symbiotic relationship where both species receive a benefit a symbiotic relationship where one species receives a benefit, while the other is harmed 11 of 25 An algal bloom is defined as which of the following? Mass feeding on algal cells by zooplankton Mass horizontal migrations of algal cells Mass reproduction of algal cells Mass death of algal cells Mass vertical migrations of algal cells 12 of 25 Which of the following describes dinoflagellates but not diatoms? Dinoflagellates are Fungi. Dinoflagellates have a silica cell wall. Dinoflagellates can be heterotrophic. Dinoflagellates are only found in sandy lagoon habitats. Dinoflagellates produce auxospores. 13 of 25 Which group are characterized by having a shell made of silica (SiO2) ? Ciliates. Diatoms. Stromatolites. Cyanobacteria. Foraminiferans..

Please help with these marine biology questions Which of the.pdf

ankit11134

Please help with these marine biology questions Which of the following is true of both diatoms and dinoflagellates? Both can live in symbiotic relationships with fungi. Both contain chlorophyll a pigment. Both are prokaryotic. Both are heterotrophic. Both are multicellular. 19 of 25 Which of the following do diatoms, cyanobacteria, archaea, and dinoflagellates all have in common? They are all prokaryotes. They are all primary producers. They are all microbes. They are all considered algae. They are all Fungi. 20 of 25 Which of the following is not true of decay bacteria? They are particularly abundant in bottom sediments. They ensure the recycling of essential nutrients. They are heterotrophs. They break down waste products and dead organic matter. They carry out photosynthesis. 21 of 25 What is the purpose of the spines seen on the frustules of diatoms? Floatation Reproduction Hunting Defense Photosynthesis.

Please help with these marine biology questions 1 of 25 Mari.pdf

ankit11134

Please help with these marine biology questions 1 of 25 Marine fungi secrete calcareous skeletons. produce red tides. are important decomposers in mangrove forests. are only found near hydrothermal vents. are mostly photosynthetic. 2 of 25 Examples of marine fungi can be found in lichens, where the fungi and cyanobacteria live together in an association known as mutualism. coral. endophytes. a community. parasitism. 3 of 25 Red tides are caused mostly by red seaweeds. diatoms. radiolarians. dinoflagellates. foraminiferans. 4 of 25 Which of the following groups might degrade oil from an oil spill? protists diatoms cyanobacteria algin bacteria 5 of 25 Which of the following accurately describes protists? They are all more plant-like. They can be both plant-like and animal-like. They are all multicellular. They are all more animal like. They are more closely related to fungi..

Micro interactions

Santoshi Lavanya

1) The document discusses various types of biological interactions that can occur between microbial populations, including mutualism, commensalism, competition, and parasitism. 2) Mutualism provides benefits to both participating organisms and includes examples like rhizobium-legume symbiosis and mycorrhizal associations. 3) Commensalism benefits one organism without affecting the other, while competition negatively impacts both interacting populations by limiting shared resources. 4) Parasitism benefits one organism (the parasite) at the expense of the other (the host).

Relationships Among Organisms PPT(1).pptx

ShenazHakam

This document provides definitions for key vocabulary terms related to relationships among organisms, including predation, competition, mutualism, commensalism, parasitism, interdependence, coevolution, introduced species, and invasive species. It also defines species and ecosystem as prerequisite vocabulary. The document aims to describe the major types of interactions between organisms and explain how symbiotic relationships and invasive species affect the environment.

Species Interaction

Himanshu Arora

Species interaction refers to the relationships between different organisms. There are several types of species interactions: competition (-,-), predation (+,-), parasitism (+,-), commensalism (+,0), mutualism (+,+), and amensalism (-,0). Coevolution can occur when two species evolve in response to one another through these interactions over time. Species interactions are important for maintaining natural balances within ecosystems as no species can survive without some degree of interaction with other species.

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Andrew McCaskill

The document provides an overview of community ecology, discussing key concepts such as biological communities, interspecific interactions including competition, predation, herbivory, symbiosis and disease. It describes how species niches allow similar species to coexist, and how dominant and keystone species exert strong controls on community structure through abundance or important ecological roles. Examples are given of studies demonstrating the impacts of species like sea stars and sea otters.

Science 10 - Chapter2

earland

This document provides an overview of key concepts in community ecology and ecosystems, including: - Interactions between biotic and abiotic factors in ecosystems and nutrient cycling. - Different types of ecological relationships like symbiosis, mutualism, commensalism, and parasitism. - Trophic levels and how energy and nutrients flow through food chains and webs. - Ecological pyramids which illustrate the number, biomass, and energy at each trophic level in an ecosystem.

Ecological interactions can be classified as intraspecific, between individuals of the same species, or interspecific, between individuals of different species. They can also be classified as harmonious or inharmonious. Competition is an example of an inharmonious interspecific interaction where individuals exploit the same resources, harming all participants. Protocooperation, mutualism, and commensalism are examples of harmonious interspecific interactions where either both species benefit or one benefits without affecting the other. Predatism is an inharmonious interaction where one individual kills another for food.

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Mohd Zainuddin Anuar

The document discusses interdependence among living organisms and their environment. It describes how organisms interact and depend on each other through food chains, webs, and other relationships. Photosynthesis is highlighted as the key process by which plants produce food and oxygen using sunlight, water and carbon dioxide. This provides energy and nutrients to sustain other living things in ecosystems. Overall, the document emphasizes how living things are interconnected and rely on balanced interactions for survival.

Interactions Involving Microorganisms

Syed Muhammad Khan

This document discusses various types of interactions between microorganisms, including mutualism, commensalism, parasitism, neutralism, antagonism, competition, and predation. As an example of mutualism, it describes lichens which are a symbiotic relationship between fungi and algae or cyanobacteria. Commensalism is demonstrated between fungi that degrade plant matter and bacteria that utilize the byproducts. Antagonism occurs through the production of antibiotics and bacteriocins. Competition is seen between Paramecium species and soil microbes vying for resources. Parasitism includes viruses that infect and kill microbial hosts. Predation is exhibited by myxobacteria that prey on other microbes.

interactionsoforganisms-180323200310.ppt.pptx

geegrand2023

An ecosystem consists of biotic and abiotic interactions within a defined space. Organisms within an ecosystem engage in various types of relationships including competition, predation, and symbiosis. Competition occurs when organisms strive for limited resources, often resulting in one species dominating the other over time. Predation describes the interaction where one organism kills another for food. Symbiotic relationships include mutualism, commensalism, and parasitism and involve close interactions between species.

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leylitafernandez

Chapter 2 Slides

marsden_k

The document discusses interactions within ecosystems. It defines biotic factors as living things like plants and animals, and abiotic factors as non-living things like air, water, and temperature. Ecosystems contain habitats where many organisms live and interact, and contain both biotic and abiotic components. Ecosystems can vary in size from small areas like tide pools to large areas like entire forests. Within ecosystems, organisms depend on abiotic factors, and populations of organisms interact to form communities of biotic factors.

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Mugdha Padhye

1. Microbial associations refer to the close relationships between microorganisms, which can include mutualism, commensalism, and antagonism. Mutualism benefits both microorganisms, commensalism benefits one without affecting the other, and antagonism involves predation or parasitism where one benefits at the expense of the other. 2. Examples of microbial associations include nitrogen-fixing bacteria that live symbiotically in plant root nodules, fungi and algae that form lichens, and microbes in animal digestive systems that aid in breaking down food. 3. These associations play important roles in the environment, from nutrient cycling to industrial applications like producing antibiotics and fermented foods

Microbiology INTERACTIONS.pptx

MandeepKaur875

INTERACTIONS :Interaction is relationship between two organisms. Also called as BIOLOGICAL OR ECOLOGICAL INTERACTIONS. In a ecosystem, living (biotic) things have to interact with one another as well as with non -living components of their environment. All the vital process of living such as growth, nutrition & reproduction requires such interactions between individuals in same species or between species. The interaction between organisms may not be always beneficial to all the interacting counter parts. Based on whether, the interaction is beneficial to both interacting species or harmful to at least one interaction species, the ecological of biological interactions are classified into two categories. It can BENEFIT an organisms It can HARM an organisms It can NO EFFECT an organisms POSTIVE INTERACTIONS In positive interactions, the interacting populations help one another. The positive interaction may be in one way or reciprocal. The benefit may be in respect of food, shelter, substratum or transportation. The positive association may be continuous, transitory, obligate or facultative. The two interacting partners may be in close contact in such a way that the tissues intermixed with each other; or they may live within a specific area of the other; or attached to its surface. NEGATIVE INTERACTIONS In negative interactions, one of the interacting populations is benefited and the other is harmed. In negative interaction one population may eat members of the other population, compete for foods or excrete harmful wasters. SYMBIOTIC RELATIONSHIP Such relationship between living organisms when they live in close association of each other is called as SYMBIOTIC RELATIONSHIP Mutualism, also called as symbiosis, is also a positive type of ecological interaction. Mutualism is a symbiotic association between two organisms in which both the interacting partners are mutually benefitted. Mutualism is different from proto-cooperation in the sense that mutualism is obligatory and none of the partners of mutualism can survive individually. In mutualism, the organisms enter into some sort of physical and physiological exchange

Chemically rich seaweeds poison corals when notcontrolled by

JinElias52

Chemically rich seaweeds poison corals when not controlled by herbivores Douglas B. Rasher and Mark E. Hay1 School of Biology, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332 Edited by Robert E. Ricklefs, University of Missouri, St. Louis, MO, and approved February 16, 2010 (received for review October 20, 2009) Coral reefs are in dramatic global decline, with seaweeds commonly replacing corals. It is unclear, however, whether seaweeds harm corals directly or colonize opportunistically following their decline and then suppress coral recruitment. In the Caribbean and tropical Pacific, we show that, when protected from herbivores, ∼40 to 70% of common seaweeds cause bleaching and death of coral tissue when in direct contact. For seaweeds that harmed coral tissues, their lipid-soluble extracts also produced rapid bleaching. Coral bleaching and mortality was limited to areas of direct contact with seaweeds or their extracts. These patterns suggest that allelopathic seaweed-coral interactions can be important on reefs lacking herbivore control of seaweeds, and that these interactions involve lipid-soluble metabolites transferred via direct contact. Seaweeds were rapidly consumed when placed on a Pacific reef protected from fishing but were left intact or consumed at slower rates on an adjacent fished reef, indicating that herbivory will suppress seaweeds and lower frequency of allelopathic damage to corals if reefs retain intact food webs. With continued removal of herbivores from coral reefs, seaweeds are becoming more common. This occur- rence will lead to increasing frequency of seaweed-coral contacts, increasing allelopathic suppression of remaining corals, and con- tinuing decline of reef corals. allelopathy | competition | coral–seaweed–herbivore interactions | marine chemical ecology | marine protected area As foundation species, corals promote marine biodiversity,support a multitude of ecosystem functions, and provide goods and services critical to human societies (1, 2). However, coral reefs are in global decline, with reefs commonly converting from species-rich and topographically complex communities dominated by corals to species-poor and topographically sim- plified communities dominated by seaweeds (3–7). In the Car- ibbean, average cover of hard corals has declined by ∼80% in the last 3 decades (5) and more than 30% of the world’s coral species face elevated risk of extinction (6). Monitoring (7), field experiments (8–10), and a meta-analysis (11) all indicate that herbivory is critical in preventing seaweed replacement of corals. However, the extent to which seaweeds drive these shifts by outcompeting adult corals in the absence of herbivory, or pro- liferate only after coral mortality is triggered by other causes (such as disease or bleaching) is debated (12–15). To compound this uncertainty, studies addressing seaweed-coral competition have: (i) produced variable results, (ii) rarely been conducted using numerous spe ...

17 Lecture Ppt

Wesley McCammon

This document summarizes key concepts about protists from Chapter 17: - Protists are a diverse group of eukaryotic organisms that may represent the oldest eukaryotes. They vary greatly in size, nutrition, and habitat. - Protists include protozoans like amoebas, flagellates, and ciliates that move using pseudopods, flagella, or cilia. They also include algae, slime molds, and parasitic sporozoans. - Algae like diatoms, dinoflagellates, red algae, brown algae, and green algae are important primary producers in aquatic ecosystems and sources of food and oxygen. Some are

Unit a biologicaldiversitynotes(relationships)

RileyAntler

All species are interdependent on each other in some way. Predator-prey relationships keep both populations in check by controlling their sizes. Symbiotic relationships can be mutualistic, commensalistic, or parasitic depending on whether both, one, or neither species benefit. On Sable Island, the horse population is closely tied to the seal population through a nutrient cycle, as seals fertilize grass that horses then eat. Interspecies competition occurs when two species compete for the same resources and can sometimes lead to extinction of one species, but species can coexist by differentiating their niches or partitioning resources.

Chapter 55

sojhk

An ecological community consists of interacting species living in a given area. Organisms in a community can be divided into trophic levels based on how they obtain energy, such as primary producers obtaining energy from sunlight and heterotrophs obtaining energy from consuming primary producers. Ecological interactions between species within a community include predation, competition, mutualism, and others. Disturbances can alter community composition through succession as new species colonize or dominant species are removed.

Interaction of microbes with eukaryotes

NOMI KhanS

1) Microorganisms interact with humans in a variety of ways, either living on the surface of the body as ectosymbionts or within the body as endosymbionts. 2) Different areas of the human body have characteristic microbiota, such as skin bacteria including Staphylococcus and Propionibacterium, and gut bacteria including Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes and Proteobacteria. 3) These microbes play important roles like fermenting fibers in the gut, producing vitamins, regulating immunity, and inhibiting pathogens. Homeostasis between the human and microbial cells is important for health.

Chapter 2 - Ecosystems - Science 10E

Reitmans

This document provides an overview of key concepts in ecology, including: - Ecosystems are made up of biotic (living) and abiotic (non-living) factors that interact in complex ways. Nutrients cycle through ecosystems via producers, consumers, and decomposers. - Ecological pyramids illustrate the transfer of energy and biomass between trophic levels in an ecosystem, with higher levels containing fewer and smaller organisms due to energy losses between levels. - Symbiotic relationships between species include mutualism, commensalism, and parasitism, with examples like cleaner fish and anemone crabs demonstrating mutualism.

Chapter2

Reitmans

Biotic interactions

HIMANSHU JAIN

Population interaction and their Types.

Anshika Mehrotra

Biotic factors with reference to mutualism, amensalism, commensalism and para...

Mariyam Nazeer Agha

This document discusses different types of biological interactions between species: mutualism, amensalism, commensalism, and parasitism. It provides examples for each type of interaction. Mutualism benefits both species, such as the relationship between plants and mycorrhizal fungi. Amensalism harms one species without affecting the other, like competition between trees and saplings. Commensalism benefits one species without affecting the other, exemplified by phoretic mites on insects. Parasitism benefits one species at the expense of the other, illustrated by tapeworms living in mammalian guts.

The Biosphere

cuenta paratodo

The biosphere is the layer of Earth where life exists, including all ecosystems. It is one of four spheres surrounding Earth, along with the lithosphere, hydrosphere, and atmosphere. Organisms within ecosystems engage in various relationships including cooperation, competition, predation, mutualism, commensalism, and parasitism. Food chains and webs show the transfer of energy between organisms as some produce food, others consume plants or animals, and decomposers break down remains. Loss of biodiversity through extinction threatens ecosystems, so conservation efforts aim to protect endangered species and their habitats.

Microbial interaction

Rachana Choudhary

Microbial interactions are ubiquitous, diverse, critically important in the function of any biological community. The most common cooperative interactions seen in microbial systems are mutually beneficial. The interactions between the two populations are classified according to whether both populations and one of them benefit from the associations, or one or both populations are negatively affected.

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10 of 25 Which describes commensalism correctly a symbiotic relation.pdf

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