1. Which of the following statements is FALSE a. Naked viruses are always more virulent than enveloped viruses b. Viruses can be avirulent c. Viruses outside of a cell are called virions d. Influenza is an infection not a virus e. All are false 2. Dermatotropic, hepatotropic, neurotropic are terms for viruses that describe: a. burst b. host range c. receptors d. host specificity e. no answer 3. Which of the following statements represents enzymatic involvement in HIV IN ORDER? a. integrase, protease, reverse transcriptase b. reverse transcriptase, protease, integrase c. reverse transcriptase, integrase, protease d. reverse transcriptase, DNAse, integrase e. DNAse, integrase, reverse transcriptase 4. For viruses that must use the host cell nucleus to replicate, biosynthesis involves: a. activity in the cytoplasm, twice b. integration of viral nucleic acid into the host chromosome c. host organelles d. all answers 5. RNA viruses, such as HIV, are called retroviruses because: a. they originated near the beginning of life on Earth b they often mutate and then go back to their prototrophic state c. they replicate but in reverse of typical viral replicative steps d. they originated before viruses infected animals e. they must convert their RNA into DNA in order to engage in protein synthesis 6. An example of a multivalent vaccine is: a. one that contains the spikes from a single viral strain b. one that contains proteins from several viral strains c. one that includes the mRNA from a single viral strain d. one that includes both the mRNA and DNA from a single viral strain 7. One is technically infected with HIV when: a. Two strands of RNA enter into the cytoplasm b. Single stranded RNA becomes single stranded DNA c. When HIV is considered a provirus and its DNA is integrated into the host chromosome d. When HIV proteases shut down the host Golgi apparatus 8. These small molecular weight compounds stimulate cells to produce antiviral proteins: a. interferons b. macrophages c. T-helper cells d. provirions 9. Which of the following are produced by cells infected or about to be infected by a virus? a. 25 oligo-A synthase b. inactive protein kinase c. endoribonucleases d. active protein kinase e. all answers 10. Many viruses engage in a coevolutionary arms race with their hosts. This means: a. the virus and host engage in defense and counter defenses with each other b. viruses lose when they infect a new host c. hosts lose when they get infected by a familiar virus d. antiviral drugs become more effective after repeated use e. no answer 11. An example(s) of a cytopathic effect is/are: a. A plaque b. viral lesion on your skin c. viral lesion on your liver d. a scar from an earlier Chicken pox infection e. all answers.

1. 1. Which of the following statements is FALSE
a. Naked viruses are always more virulent than enveloped viruses
b. Viruses can be avirulent
c. Viruses outside of a cell are called virions
d. Influenza is an infection not a virus
e. All are false
2. Dermatotropic, hepatotropic, neurotropic are terms for viruses that describe:
a. burst
b. host range
c. receptors
d. host specificity
e. no answer
3. Which of the following statements represents enzymatic involvement in HIV IN ORDER?
a. integrase, protease, reverse transcriptase
b. reverse transcriptase, protease, integrase
c. reverse transcriptase, integrase, protease
d. reverse transcriptase, DNAse, integrase
e. DNAse, integrase, reverse transcriptase
4. For viruses that must use the host cell nucleus to replicate, biosynthesis involves:
a. activity in the cytoplasm, twice
b. integration of viral nucleic acid into the host chromosome
c. host organelles
d. all answers
5. RNA viruses, such as HIV, are called retroviruses because:
a. they originated near the beginning of life on Earth
b they often mutate and then go back to their prototrophic state
c. they replicate but in reverse of typical viral replicative steps

2. d. they originated before viruses infected animals
e. they must convert their RNA into DNA in order to engage in protein synthesis
6. An example of a multivalent vaccine is:
a. one that contains the spikes from a single viral strain
b. one that contains proteins from several viral strains
c. one that includes the mRNA from a single viral strain
d. one that includes both the mRNA and DNA from a single viral strain
7. One is technically infected with HIV when:
a. Two strands of RNA enter into the cytoplasm
b. Single stranded RNA becomes single stranded DNA
c. When HIV is considered a provirus and its DNA is integrated into the host chromosome
d. When HIV proteases shut down the host Golgi apparatus
8. These small molecular weight compounds stimulate cells to produce antiviral proteins:
a. interferons
b. macrophages
c. T-helper cells
d. provirions
9. Which of the following are produced by cells infected or about to be infected by a virus?
a. 25 oligo-A synthase
b. inactive protein kinase
c. endoribonucleases
d. active protein kinase
e. all answers
10. Many viruses engage in a coevolutionary arms race with their hosts. This means:
a. the virus and host engage in defense and counter defenses with each other
b. viruses lose when they infect a new host
c. hosts lose when they get infected by a familiar virus

3. d. antiviral drugs become more effective after repeated use
e. no answer
11. An example(s) of a cytopathic effect is/are:
a. A plaque
b. viral lesion on your skin
c. viral lesion on your liver
d. a scar from an earlier Chicken pox infection
e. all answers