1 Transaction management deals with the problems of always .pdf
•
0 likes•11 views
1. Transaction management deals with the problems of always keeping the database in a consistent state even when concurrent accesses and failures occur. 2. A transaction consists of a sequence of read and write operations on the database, together with computation steps. 3. Durability is the property of transactions that requires each transaction to see a consistent database at all times. 4. Isolation refers to that property of transactions which ensures that once a transaction commits, its results are permanent and cannot be erased from the database. 5. The history of transaction execution at each site is called a global history. 6. Optimistic algorithms synchronize the concurrent execution of transactions early in their execution life cycle, whereas pessimistic algorithms delay the synchronization of transactions until their termination..
Report
Share
Report
Share
Download to read offline
Recommended
Concurrent control
The concurrency control service is the DBE service that is responsible for consistency of the database. In a nutshell, it controls the operations of multiple, concurrent transactions in such a way that the database stays consistent even when these transactions conflict with each other.
Presentation on Transaction
This presentation discusses database transactions. Key points:
1. A transaction must follow the properties of atomicity, consistency, isolation, and durability (ACID). It accesses and possibly updates data items while preserving a consistent database.
2. Transaction states include active, partially committed, failed, aborted, and committed. Atomicity and durability are implemented using a shadow database with a pointer to the current consistent copy.
3. Concurrent transactions are allowed for better throughput and response time. Concurrency control ensures transaction isolation to prevent inconsistent databases.
4. A schedule specifies the execution order of transaction instructions. A serializable schedule preserves consistency like a serial schedule. Conflict and view serializability are forms
1 ) a transaction is a logical unit of work each transaction is sequ.pdf
1 ) a transaction is a logical unit of work each transaction is sequence of logical related
commands that acomplish one task and transforms the database from one consistent state into
another .transactions are atomic in other words sysbase iq executes all the statements within the
transaction as unit at the end of each transaction changes can be commited to make them
permanent for any reason if transactions do not process properly then some or all other
intermediate changes can be undone or rolled back and the user application controls under which
the changes are commited or rolled back .
4) transaction has four properties ie atomicity ,consistency , isolation and durability ie atomicity -
requires that all parts of transaction must be completed or transactions is aborted and this
property ensures that the database remains in a consistent state
consistency- indicates the permenance of database in the consistency state .
isolation - means that the data required by an executing transaction cannot be accessed by any
other transactions until the first transaction finishes this propert ensures the data consistency for
concurrently executing transactions.
durability - indicates that the database will be in permanent consistent state after the execution of
transaction
5) serialiazability- means that the series of concurrent transactions will yield the same result as if
they were executed one after another .
2) consistent databse state is one in which all data integrity constraints are satisfied to achieve a
consistence database state a transaction must take the database from one consistent state to
another .
3) the databse is designed to verify the syntactic accuracy of the database commands given by
the user to be executed by the dbms the dbms will check the database exists that the referenced
attributes exists in the selected tables , that the attribute data type are correct and so on
unfortunately the dbms is not designed to guarantee that the syntacticaly correct transaction
actually represent the real world events .
6) transaction log is a special dbms table that contains description of all the database transactions
executed by the dbms . the database transaction log plays a crucial role in maintaining database
concurrency control and integrity .the information stored in the log is used by the dbms to
recover the database after the transaction is aborted or after system failure the transaction log is
stored in different hard disks or in different media tape to prevent the failure caused by a media
error .
7) the scheduler is the dbms concept that establish the order in which concurrent database
operations are executed . the schedular interleaves the execution of the database operations to
ensure the serialiazability of transactions in other woords the schedular guarantees that the
execution of concurrent transactions will yield the same results as though the transactions were
executed one after the another .the scheduler is important because it.
Dbms voc 5 unit
A transaction is a logical unit of work that accesses and possibly modifies the database. It includes one or more database
operations that must either all be completed or all rolled back together to maintain database consistency. Transactions must
have ACID properties - Atomicity, Consistency, Isolation, and Durability to ensure data integrity during concurrent
execution. Concurrency control techniques like locking and timestamps are used to isolate transactions and maintain
serializability. Recovery techniques use a log to roll back or redo incomplete transactions and restore the database to a
consistent state after failures.
DBMS-chap 2-Concurrency Control
The document discusses concurrency control in database management systems. It defines key terms like transaction, atomicity, consistency, isolation, and durability. Transactions must have ACID properties - Atomicity, Consistency, Isolation, and Durability. Atomicity means all operations of a transaction are completed or none are. Consistency means the database remains consistent before and after a transaction. Isolation means transactions appear to execute serially despite concurrent execution. Durability means committed transactions persist even after failures.
Dbms sixth chapter_part-1_2011
The document discusses transaction management in database systems. It covers the ACID properties that transactions must satisfy - atomicity, consistency, isolation, and durability. It also discusses concurrency control techniques used to allow concurrent execution of transactions while preventing anomalies, including strict two-phase locking and lock-based concurrency control. Serializability is introduced as a way to ensure concurrent schedules have the same effect as serial schedules.
Overview of Concurrency Control & Recovery in Distributed Databases
This is an PPT of DBMS. It include the following topic such as" Overview of Concurrency Control & Recovery in Distributed Databases"
Recommended
Concurrent control
The concurrency control service is the DBE service that is responsible for consistency of the database. In a nutshell, it controls the operations of multiple, concurrent transactions in such a way that the database stays consistent even when these transactions conflict with each other.
Presentation on Transaction
This presentation discusses database transactions. Key points:
1. A transaction must follow the properties of atomicity, consistency, isolation, and durability (ACID). It accesses and possibly updates data items while preserving a consistent database.
2. Transaction states include active, partially committed, failed, aborted, and committed. Atomicity and durability are implemented using a shadow database with a pointer to the current consistent copy.
3. Concurrent transactions are allowed for better throughput and response time. Concurrency control ensures transaction isolation to prevent inconsistent databases.
4. A schedule specifies the execution order of transaction instructions. A serializable schedule preserves consistency like a serial schedule. Conflict and view serializability are forms
1 ) a transaction is a logical unit of work each transaction is sequ.pdf
1 ) a transaction is a logical unit of work each transaction is sequence of logical related
commands that acomplish one task and transforms the database from one consistent state into
another .transactions are atomic in other words sysbase iq executes all the statements within the
transaction as unit at the end of each transaction changes can be commited to make them
permanent for any reason if transactions do not process properly then some or all other
intermediate changes can be undone or rolled back and the user application controls under which
the changes are commited or rolled back .
4) transaction has four properties ie atomicity ,consistency , isolation and durability ie atomicity -
requires that all parts of transaction must be completed or transactions is aborted and this
property ensures that the database remains in a consistent state
consistency- indicates the permenance of database in the consistency state .
isolation - means that the data required by an executing transaction cannot be accessed by any
other transactions until the first transaction finishes this propert ensures the data consistency for
concurrently executing transactions.
durability - indicates that the database will be in permanent consistent state after the execution of
transaction
5) serialiazability- means that the series of concurrent transactions will yield the same result as if
they were executed one after another .
2) consistent databse state is one in which all data integrity constraints are satisfied to achieve a
consistence database state a transaction must take the database from one consistent state to
another .
3) the databse is designed to verify the syntactic accuracy of the database commands given by
the user to be executed by the dbms the dbms will check the database exists that the referenced
attributes exists in the selected tables , that the attribute data type are correct and so on
unfortunately the dbms is not designed to guarantee that the syntacticaly correct transaction
actually represent the real world events .
6) transaction log is a special dbms table that contains description of all the database transactions
executed by the dbms . the database transaction log plays a crucial role in maintaining database
concurrency control and integrity .the information stored in the log is used by the dbms to
recover the database after the transaction is aborted or after system failure the transaction log is
stored in different hard disks or in different media tape to prevent the failure caused by a media
error .
7) the scheduler is the dbms concept that establish the order in which concurrent database
operations are executed . the schedular interleaves the execution of the database operations to
ensure the serialiazability of transactions in other woords the schedular guarantees that the
execution of concurrent transactions will yield the same results as though the transactions were
executed one after the another .the scheduler is important because it.
Dbms voc 5 unit
A transaction is a logical unit of work that accesses and possibly modifies the database. It includes one or more database
operations that must either all be completed or all rolled back together to maintain database consistency. Transactions must
have ACID properties - Atomicity, Consistency, Isolation, and Durability to ensure data integrity during concurrent
execution. Concurrency control techniques like locking and timestamps are used to isolate transactions and maintain
serializability. Recovery techniques use a log to roll back or redo incomplete transactions and restore the database to a
consistent state after failures.
DBMS-chap 2-Concurrency Control
The document discusses concurrency control in database management systems. It defines key terms like transaction, atomicity, consistency, isolation, and durability. Transactions must have ACID properties - Atomicity, Consistency, Isolation, and Durability. Atomicity means all operations of a transaction are completed or none are. Consistency means the database remains consistent before and after a transaction. Isolation means transactions appear to execute serially despite concurrent execution. Durability means committed transactions persist even after failures.
Dbms sixth chapter_part-1_2011
The document discusses transaction management in database systems. It covers the ACID properties that transactions must satisfy - atomicity, consistency, isolation, and durability. It also discusses concurrency control techniques used to allow concurrent execution of transactions while preventing anomalies, including strict two-phase locking and lock-based concurrency control. Serializability is introduced as a way to ensure concurrent schedules have the same effect as serial schedules.
Overview of Concurrency Control & Recovery in Distributed Databases
This is an PPT of DBMS. It include the following topic such as" Overview of Concurrency Control & Recovery in Distributed Databases"
Vani dbms
This document discusses concurrency control and its protocols. Concurrency control ensures correct results from concurrent operations while maximizing performance. It addresses issues that can arise from multiple transactions executing simultaneously on the same data. The ACID rules of atomicity, consistency, isolation, and durability are explained. Common concurrency control protocols include lock-based, two phase locking, and timestamp-based protocols. Lock-based protocols use shared and exclusive locks to control access to data. Two phase locking follows a growing and shrinking phase approach. Timestamp-based protocols serialize transactions based on timestamps.
Unit 4 chapter - 8 Transaction processing Concepts (1).pptx
The document provides an overview of transaction processing concepts. It defines a transaction as a sequence of operations that transforms a database from one consistent state to another. Transaction processing systems are characterized by large databases, high volumes of concurrent users, and need for reliability. The document discusses transaction states, logging, concurrency control techniques like locking, and properties like atomicity, consistency, isolation and durability (ACID) that ensure transaction integrity.
management of distributed transactions
1. Distributed transaction managers ensure transactions have ACID properties through implementing the 2-phase commit protocol for reliability, 2-phase locking for concurrency control, and timeouts for deadlock detection on top of local transaction managers.
2. The 2-phase commit protocol guarantees subtransactions of the same transaction will all commit or abort despite failures, while 2-phase locking requires subtransactions acquire locks in a growing phase and release in a shrinking phase.
3. Timeouts are used to detect and abort transactions potentially experiencing a distributed deadlock.
Intro to database systems homework questions- 1- List the ACID propert.docx
Intro to database systems homework questions:
1. List the ACID properties. Explain the usefulness of each.
2. During its execution, a transaction passes through several states, until it finally commits or aborts. List all possible sequences of states through which a transaction may pass. Explain why each state transition may occur?
3. Is it wise to allow a user process to access the shared memory area of a database system? Explain your answer.
Solution
1.
ACID properties
Atomicity
Everything or nothing ie a transaction is indivisible and most importantly either every thing occurs or nothing occurs.
Usefulness
To check weather a transcation is commited or not
Consistency
This property of a transaction states that the transaction is bring from one valid state to another valid state, the data written is valid according to the schema and all users of the database
Usefulness
Consistency ensures the concurrency in dbms
Isolation
Transactions are isolated means that the transactions doesnt intterupt each other implicitly, it also determines the visibility of transaction\'s integrity to all users
USefulness
It let each transaction thinks that the transcation has the exclusive use of the system
Durability
The commited transaction in the database will last long permanently.
Usefulness
The data updated by each transction remains as a record in tables
2.
The transaction passes through the following states
2.1 Active State : In state the transaction executes and is the initial state
2.2 Partially commited : The transcation in this state is completes its all operation and waits to get commit
2.3 Commeted: In this state the transaction is sucessfully writtten its data to database at permanent storage like hard disk
Now from Active state a transaction can go into following sequence of states
2.4 Fail: Due to some reasons like starvation and deadlock the transaction sometimes goes to filed state
2.5 Aborted State: In thi state the recovery system can take any one decision: to restart or to kill the transaction
Sequence of states
2.1-> 2.2 -> 2.3 -> Completed
2.1 - > 2.4 - > 2.5 -> end
2.1 -> 2.2 -> 2.4-> 2.5 -> end
3.
No it ios not adviced to allow a user to do so because the shared memory area of a database system may contain secured information like transaction lock files, the data structure of deadlock detection algorithms and many more like this. Allowing user processes to use shared memeory data area can lead to corruption of such important data
.
Concurrency control
Concurrency control ensures that operations from concurrent processes generate correct results while maximizing performance. It maintains consistency when components interacting concurrently could violate one another's consistency rules. In databases, concurrency control guarantees transactions are serializable and follow the ACID properties of atomicity, consistency, isolation, and durability. Mechanisms include optimistic, pessimistic, and semi-optimistic approaches, with the goal of generating serializable schedules for concurrency and recoverability.
DBF-Lecture11-Chapter12.pptDatabase Principles Fundam.docx
DBF-Lecture11-Chapter12.ppt
Database Principles: Fundamentals of Design, Implementations and Management
Lecture11- CHAPTER 12: Transaction Management and Concurrency Control
Presented by Rabia Cherouk
*
ObjectivesIn this chapter, you will learn:About database transactions and their propertiesWhat concurrency control is and what role it plays in maintaining the database’s integrityWhat locking methods are and how they workHow stamping methods are used for concurrency controlHow optimistic methods are used for concurrency controlHow database recovery management is used to maintain database integrity
*
What is a Transaction?A transaction is a logical unit of work that must be either entirely completed or abortedSuccessful transaction changes database from one consistent state to anotherOne in which all data integrity constraints are satisfiedMost real-world database transactions are formed by two or more database requestsEquivalent of a single SQL statement in an application program or transaction
Same as Fig. 12.1 in your book
*
Same as Fig. 12.1 in your book
*
Evaluating Transaction Results Not all transactions update the databaseSQL code represents a transaction because database was accessedImproper or incomplete transactions can have devastating effect on database integritySome DBMSs provide means by which user can define enforceable constraintsOther integrity rules are enforced automatically by the DBMS
Same as Fig. 12.2 in your book
*
Figure 9.2
Same as Fig. 12.2 in your book
*
Transaction Properties
All transactions must display atomicity, consistency, durability and serializability (ACIDS).AtomicityAll operations of a transaction must be completedConsistency Permanence of database’s consistent stateIsolation Data used during transaction cannot be used by second transaction until the first is completed
*
Transaction Properties (cont..)Durability Once transactions are committed, they cannot be undoneSerializabilityConcurrent execution of several transactions yields consistent resultsMultiuser databases are subject to multiple concurrent transactions
*
Transaction Management with SQLANSI (American National Standard Institute) has defined standards that govern SQL database transactionsTransaction support is provided by two SQL statements: COMMIT and ROLLBACKTransaction sequence must continue until:COMMIT statement is reachedROLLBACK statement is reachedEnd of program is reachedProgram is abnormally terminated
*
The Transaction LogA DBMS uses a Transaction log to store:A record for the beginning of transactionFor each transaction component: Type of operation being performed (update, delete, insert)Names of objects affected by transaction“Before” and “after” values for updated fieldsPointers to previous and next transaction log entries for the same transactionEnding (COMMIT) of the transaction
Table 12.1 in your book
*
The Transaction Log
Table 12.1 in your book
*
Concurrency ControlIs the coordination o.
Dartabase Transaction.pptx
The document discusses transactions and the ACID properties that must be ensured to maintain data integrity in a database system. It defines a transaction, provides an example of a funds transfer transaction, and explains the goals of atomicity, consistency, isolation, and durability. It discusses issues that can arise from concurrent transaction execution like inconsistent views of data and lost updates. Mechanisms like concurrency control and locking are used to preserve the ACID properties when transactions run concurrently.
Distribution transparency and Distributed transaction
Distribution transparency and Distributed transaction.deadlock detection .Distributed transaction and their types and threads and processes and their difference.
Concurrency Control in Distributed Systems.pptx
Concurrency control in distributed systems allows multiple transactions to execute simultaneously by coordinating access to shared data. There are several concurrency control algorithms like two-phase locking and timestamp ordering that prevent interference between transactions. Two-phase locking works by acquiring locks before reads/writes and releasing them after transaction completion. Timestamp ordering assigns timestamps to transactions and ensures serializability. Optimistic concurrency control allows transactions to run without locking by checking for conflicts at commit time and aborting transactions if conflicts exist. Concurrency control aims to maximize throughput while maintaining consistency across distributed transactions.
Operating system interview question
The document discusses operating system interview questions and answers. It covers topics such as the definition of an operating system, basic functions of an OS, types of operating systems, kernel functions, process states, virtual memory, deadlocks, threads, synchronization, scheduling algorithms, and memory management. Some key points covered are that an OS acts as an intermediary between the user and hardware, the kernel provides basic services, processes can be in states like running, waiting, or ready, and virtual memory uses timesharing to simulate more memory than physically available.
Tps
Transaction processing systems collect, store, modify, and retrieve organizational transactions. A transaction is an event that generates or modifies data eventually stored in the system. TPSs should pass the ACID test to ensure transaction integrity and consistency. TPSs use databases, files, and data warehouses to efficiently store and retrieve transaction data. Proper backup and recovery procedures, like journaling and checkpoints, are necessary to ensure transaction processing can continue in the event of failures.
Transaction management
This document discusses transaction management and concurrency control. It summarizes two main categories of concurrency control protocols: lock-based protocols and timestamp-based protocols. For lock-based protocols, it describes four types: simplistic locking, pre-claiming, two-phase locking (2PL), and strict 2PL. For timestamp-based protocols, it explains how each transaction is assigned a timestamp and how read/write rules ensure serializability based on timestamp ordering.
UNIT IV DIS.pptx
This document provides an overview of fault tolerance and security techniques. It discusses fault tolerance services including passive and active replication models. It covers atomic commit protocols, concurrency control, distributed deadlocks, and transaction recovery methods like two-phase commit. It also summarizes security techniques such as access control, cryptography algorithms, and the Kerberos authentication system.
Management of Distributed Transactions
Distributed Database System
A distributed database system consists of loosely coupled sites that share no physical component
Database systems that run on each site are independent of each other
Transactions may access data at one or more sites
The management of distributed transactions require dealing with several problems which are strictly interconnected, like-
Reliability
Concurrency control
Efficient utilization of the resources of the whole system.
Transaction management
This document discusses database transactions and concurrency control. It defines a transaction, describes the ACID properties of atomicity, consistency, isolation, and durability. It explains the different states a transaction can be in, types of transactions, scheduling, and serializability. The document also defines concurrency control and discusses two common concurrency control protocols: shared/exclusive locking and two phase locking.
E-Business Information System BBA AVI.pptx
Electronic Business Information System for Aviation BBA course
UNIT II.pptx
The document discusses concurrency control in database management systems. Concurrency control ensures that transactions are performed concurrently without conflicting results by using methods like locking and timestamps. It prevents issues like lost updates, dirty reads, and non-repeatable reads. The main concurrency control protocols discussed are lock-based protocols using techniques like two-phase locking, and timestamp-based protocols.
Optimistic concurrency control in Distributed Systems
This document discusses optimistic concurrency control, which is a concurrency control method that assumes transactions can frequently complete without interfering with each other. It operates by allowing transactions to access data without locking and validating for conflicts before committing. The validation checks if other transactions have read or written the same data. If a conflict is found, the transaction rolls back and restarts. The document outlines the basic algorithm, phases of transactions (read, validation, write), and advantages like low read wait time and easy recovery from deadlocks and disadvantages like potential for starvation and wasted resources if long transactions abort.
deadlock prevention
The document proposes a deadlock prevention mechanism for distributed transactions. It involves designing an intelligent resource manager to detect transaction collisions and allocate appropriate locks to prevent both local and global deadlocks. For local deadlocks, it uses replica-based locking to prevent deadlocks when sub-transactions request the same resources. For global deadlocks, it employs a timestamp-based approach and restart policy to select victim transactions and break deadlock cycles. The mechanism aims to make distributed transaction processing highly efficient while being free of deadlocks.
1 Trkiye esnek bir kur rejimine sahiptir Geniletici bir m.pdf
1) Trkiye esnek bir kur rejimine sahiptir. Geniletici bir maliye politikasnn bu rejim altnda kt
seviyeleri zerindeki etkilerinin neler olacan ayrntl olarak tartn.
2) Sabit kur rejiminde byle bir politikann etkilerinin nasl deieceini dnyorsunuz?
3) Trkiye esnek bir kur rejimine sahiptir. Sermaye hareketliliinin mkemmel olduunu varsayarsak,
faiz oran ve dviz kurunu ayn anda kontrol etmenin mmkn olduunu dnyor musunuz? Ltfen ayrntl
olarak tartn ve neden ya da neden olmadn aklayn.
Ltfen Ayrntl rnekler Verin!.
1 True or False Magma and Lava are both Melted Rock the.pdf
1. (True or False). Magma and Lava are both Melted Rock; the difference. between them is that
Magma is melted rock found underground, while Lava is above ground (it is visible). 2. Match the 2
most common types of Volcanoes with their characteristics - Composite Volcanoes 2) Shield
Volcanoes a. Almost always found at Mantle Plumes/Hot Spots or at Divergent/ Rifting Boundaries
b. Some can have lava flows, but most are very explosive in their eruptions. c. Almost always
found at Convergent Boundaries where Oceanic Crust is being Subducted. d. Are "mound" or
"dome" shaped with gentle slopes. C. Are "cone" shaped with steep sides (when fully developed).
1 Eruptions are never explosive in nature, but are very effusive with flowing lava..
More Related Content
Similar to 1 Transaction management deals with the problems of always .pdf
Vani dbms
This document discusses concurrency control and its protocols. Concurrency control ensures correct results from concurrent operations while maximizing performance. It addresses issues that can arise from multiple transactions executing simultaneously on the same data. The ACID rules of atomicity, consistency, isolation, and durability are explained. Common concurrency control protocols include lock-based, two phase locking, and timestamp-based protocols. Lock-based protocols use shared and exclusive locks to control access to data. Two phase locking follows a growing and shrinking phase approach. Timestamp-based protocols serialize transactions based on timestamps.
Unit 4 chapter - 8 Transaction processing Concepts (1).pptx
The document provides an overview of transaction processing concepts. It defines a transaction as a sequence of operations that transforms a database from one consistent state to another. Transaction processing systems are characterized by large databases, high volumes of concurrent users, and need for reliability. The document discusses transaction states, logging, concurrency control techniques like locking, and properties like atomicity, consistency, isolation and durability (ACID) that ensure transaction integrity.
management of distributed transactions
1. Distributed transaction managers ensure transactions have ACID properties through implementing the 2-phase commit protocol for reliability, 2-phase locking for concurrency control, and timeouts for deadlock detection on top of local transaction managers.
2. The 2-phase commit protocol guarantees subtransactions of the same transaction will all commit or abort despite failures, while 2-phase locking requires subtransactions acquire locks in a growing phase and release in a shrinking phase.
3. Timeouts are used to detect and abort transactions potentially experiencing a distributed deadlock.
Intro to database systems homework questions- 1- List the ACID propert.docx
Intro to database systems homework questions:
1. List the ACID properties. Explain the usefulness of each.
2. During its execution, a transaction passes through several states, until it finally commits or aborts. List all possible sequences of states through which a transaction may pass. Explain why each state transition may occur?
3. Is it wise to allow a user process to access the shared memory area of a database system? Explain your answer.
Solution
1.
ACID properties
Atomicity
Everything or nothing ie a transaction is indivisible and most importantly either every thing occurs or nothing occurs.
Usefulness
To check weather a transcation is commited or not
Consistency
This property of a transaction states that the transaction is bring from one valid state to another valid state, the data written is valid according to the schema and all users of the database
Usefulness
Consistency ensures the concurrency in dbms
Isolation
Transactions are isolated means that the transactions doesnt intterupt each other implicitly, it also determines the visibility of transaction\'s integrity to all users
USefulness
It let each transaction thinks that the transcation has the exclusive use of the system
Durability
The commited transaction in the database will last long permanently.
Usefulness
The data updated by each transction remains as a record in tables
2.
The transaction passes through the following states
2.1 Active State : In state the transaction executes and is the initial state
2.2 Partially commited : The transcation in this state is completes its all operation and waits to get commit
2.3 Commeted: In this state the transaction is sucessfully writtten its data to database at permanent storage like hard disk
Now from Active state a transaction can go into following sequence of states
2.4 Fail: Due to some reasons like starvation and deadlock the transaction sometimes goes to filed state
2.5 Aborted State: In thi state the recovery system can take any one decision: to restart or to kill the transaction
Sequence of states
2.1-> 2.2 -> 2.3 -> Completed
2.1 - > 2.4 - > 2.5 -> end
2.1 -> 2.2 -> 2.4-> 2.5 -> end
3.
No it ios not adviced to allow a user to do so because the shared memory area of a database system may contain secured information like transaction lock files, the data structure of deadlock detection algorithms and many more like this. Allowing user processes to use shared memeory data area can lead to corruption of such important data
.
Concurrency control
Concurrency control ensures that operations from concurrent processes generate correct results while maximizing performance. It maintains consistency when components interacting concurrently could violate one another's consistency rules. In databases, concurrency control guarantees transactions are serializable and follow the ACID properties of atomicity, consistency, isolation, and durability. Mechanisms include optimistic, pessimistic, and semi-optimistic approaches, with the goal of generating serializable schedules for concurrency and recoverability.
DBF-Lecture11-Chapter12.pptDatabase Principles Fundam.docx
DBF-Lecture11-Chapter12.ppt
Database Principles: Fundamentals of Design, Implementations and Management
Lecture11- CHAPTER 12: Transaction Management and Concurrency Control
Presented by Rabia Cherouk
*
ObjectivesIn this chapter, you will learn:About database transactions and their propertiesWhat concurrency control is and what role it plays in maintaining the database’s integrityWhat locking methods are and how they workHow stamping methods are used for concurrency controlHow optimistic methods are used for concurrency controlHow database recovery management is used to maintain database integrity
*
What is a Transaction?A transaction is a logical unit of work that must be either entirely completed or abortedSuccessful transaction changes database from one consistent state to anotherOne in which all data integrity constraints are satisfiedMost real-world database transactions are formed by two or more database requestsEquivalent of a single SQL statement in an application program or transaction
Same as Fig. 12.1 in your book
*
Same as Fig. 12.1 in your book
*
Evaluating Transaction Results Not all transactions update the databaseSQL code represents a transaction because database was accessedImproper or incomplete transactions can have devastating effect on database integritySome DBMSs provide means by which user can define enforceable constraintsOther integrity rules are enforced automatically by the DBMS
Same as Fig. 12.2 in your book
*
Figure 9.2
Same as Fig. 12.2 in your book
*
Transaction Properties
All transactions must display atomicity, consistency, durability and serializability (ACIDS).AtomicityAll operations of a transaction must be completedConsistency Permanence of database’s consistent stateIsolation Data used during transaction cannot be used by second transaction until the first is completed
*
Transaction Properties (cont..)Durability Once transactions are committed, they cannot be undoneSerializabilityConcurrent execution of several transactions yields consistent resultsMultiuser databases are subject to multiple concurrent transactions
*
Transaction Management with SQLANSI (American National Standard Institute) has defined standards that govern SQL database transactionsTransaction support is provided by two SQL statements: COMMIT and ROLLBACKTransaction sequence must continue until:COMMIT statement is reachedROLLBACK statement is reachedEnd of program is reachedProgram is abnormally terminated
*
The Transaction LogA DBMS uses a Transaction log to store:A record for the beginning of transactionFor each transaction component: Type of operation being performed (update, delete, insert)Names of objects affected by transaction“Before” and “after” values for updated fieldsPointers to previous and next transaction log entries for the same transactionEnding (COMMIT) of the transaction
Table 12.1 in your book
*
The Transaction Log
Table 12.1 in your book
*
Concurrency ControlIs the coordination o.
Dartabase Transaction.pptx
The document discusses transactions and the ACID properties that must be ensured to maintain data integrity in a database system. It defines a transaction, provides an example of a funds transfer transaction, and explains the goals of atomicity, consistency, isolation, and durability. It discusses issues that can arise from concurrent transaction execution like inconsistent views of data and lost updates. Mechanisms like concurrency control and locking are used to preserve the ACID properties when transactions run concurrently.
Distribution transparency and Distributed transaction
Distribution transparency and Distributed transaction.deadlock detection .Distributed transaction and their types and threads and processes and their difference.
Concurrency Control in Distributed Systems.pptx
Concurrency control in distributed systems allows multiple transactions to execute simultaneously by coordinating access to shared data. There are several concurrency control algorithms like two-phase locking and timestamp ordering that prevent interference between transactions. Two-phase locking works by acquiring locks before reads/writes and releasing them after transaction completion. Timestamp ordering assigns timestamps to transactions and ensures serializability. Optimistic concurrency control allows transactions to run without locking by checking for conflicts at commit time and aborting transactions if conflicts exist. Concurrency control aims to maximize throughput while maintaining consistency across distributed transactions.
Operating system interview question
The document discusses operating system interview questions and answers. It covers topics such as the definition of an operating system, basic functions of an OS, types of operating systems, kernel functions, process states, virtual memory, deadlocks, threads, synchronization, scheduling algorithms, and memory management. Some key points covered are that an OS acts as an intermediary between the user and hardware, the kernel provides basic services, processes can be in states like running, waiting, or ready, and virtual memory uses timesharing to simulate more memory than physically available.
Tps
Transaction processing systems collect, store, modify, and retrieve organizational transactions. A transaction is an event that generates or modifies data eventually stored in the system. TPSs should pass the ACID test to ensure transaction integrity and consistency. TPSs use databases, files, and data warehouses to efficiently store and retrieve transaction data. Proper backup and recovery procedures, like journaling and checkpoints, are necessary to ensure transaction processing can continue in the event of failures.
Transaction management
This document discusses transaction management and concurrency control. It summarizes two main categories of concurrency control protocols: lock-based protocols and timestamp-based protocols. For lock-based protocols, it describes four types: simplistic locking, pre-claiming, two-phase locking (2PL), and strict 2PL. For timestamp-based protocols, it explains how each transaction is assigned a timestamp and how read/write rules ensure serializability based on timestamp ordering.
UNIT IV DIS.pptx
This document provides an overview of fault tolerance and security techniques. It discusses fault tolerance services including passive and active replication models. It covers atomic commit protocols, concurrency control, distributed deadlocks, and transaction recovery methods like two-phase commit. It also summarizes security techniques such as access control, cryptography algorithms, and the Kerberos authentication system.
Management of Distributed Transactions
Distributed Database System
A distributed database system consists of loosely coupled sites that share no physical component
Database systems that run on each site are independent of each other
Transactions may access data at one or more sites
The management of distributed transactions require dealing with several problems which are strictly interconnected, like-
Reliability
Concurrency control
Efficient utilization of the resources of the whole system.
Transaction management
This document discusses database transactions and concurrency control. It defines a transaction, describes the ACID properties of atomicity, consistency, isolation, and durability. It explains the different states a transaction can be in, types of transactions, scheduling, and serializability. The document also defines concurrency control and discusses two common concurrency control protocols: shared/exclusive locking and two phase locking.
E-Business Information System BBA AVI.pptx
Electronic Business Information System for Aviation BBA course
UNIT II.pptx
The document discusses concurrency control in database management systems. Concurrency control ensures that transactions are performed concurrently without conflicting results by using methods like locking and timestamps. It prevents issues like lost updates, dirty reads, and non-repeatable reads. The main concurrency control protocols discussed are lock-based protocols using techniques like two-phase locking, and timestamp-based protocols.
Optimistic concurrency control in Distributed Systems
This document discusses optimistic concurrency control, which is a concurrency control method that assumes transactions can frequently complete without interfering with each other. It operates by allowing transactions to access data without locking and validating for conflicts before committing. The validation checks if other transactions have read or written the same data. If a conflict is found, the transaction rolls back and restarts. The document outlines the basic algorithm, phases of transactions (read, validation, write), and advantages like low read wait time and easy recovery from deadlocks and disadvantages like potential for starvation and wasted resources if long transactions abort.
deadlock prevention
The document proposes a deadlock prevention mechanism for distributed transactions. It involves designing an intelligent resource manager to detect transaction collisions and allocate appropriate locks to prevent both local and global deadlocks. For local deadlocks, it uses replica-based locking to prevent deadlocks when sub-transactions request the same resources. For global deadlocks, it employs a timestamp-based approach and restart policy to select victim transactions and break deadlock cycles. The mechanism aims to make distributed transaction processing highly efficient while being free of deadlocks.
Similar to 1 Transaction management deals with the problems of always .pdf (20)
Unit 4 chapter - 8 Transaction processing Concepts (1).pptx
Unit 4 chapter - 8 Transaction processing Concepts (1).pptx
Intro to database systems homework questions- 1- List the ACID propert.docx
Intro to database systems homework questions- 1- List the ACID propert.docx
DBF-Lecture11-Chapter12.pptDatabase Principles Fundam.docx
DBF-Lecture11-Chapter12.pptDatabase Principles Fundam.docx
Distribution transparency and Distributed transaction
Distribution transparency and Distributed transaction
Optimistic concurrency control in Distributed Systems
Optimistic concurrency control in Distributed Systems
More from amir421526
1 Trkiye esnek bir kur rejimine sahiptir Geniletici bir m.pdf
1) Trkiye esnek bir kur rejimine sahiptir. Geniletici bir maliye politikasnn bu rejim altnda kt
seviyeleri zerindeki etkilerinin neler olacan ayrntl olarak tartn.
2) Sabit kur rejiminde byle bir politikann etkilerinin nasl deieceini dnyorsunuz?
3) Trkiye esnek bir kur rejimine sahiptir. Sermaye hareketliliinin mkemmel olduunu varsayarsak,
faiz oran ve dviz kurunu ayn anda kontrol etmenin mmkn olduunu dnyor musunuz? Ltfen ayrntl
olarak tartn ve neden ya da neden olmadn aklayn.
Ltfen Ayrntl rnekler Verin!.
1 True or False Magma and Lava are both Melted Rock the.pdf
1. (True or False). Magma and Lava are both Melted Rock; the difference. between them is that
Magma is melted rock found underground, while Lava is above ground (it is visible). 2. Match the 2
most common types of Volcanoes with their characteristics - Composite Volcanoes 2) Shield
Volcanoes a. Almost always found at Mantle Plumes/Hot Spots or at Divergent/ Rifting Boundaries
b. Some can have lava flows, but most are very explosive in their eruptions. c. Almost always
found at Convergent Boundaries where Oceanic Crust is being Subducted. d. Are "mound" or
"dome" shaped with gentle slopes. C. Are "cone" shaped with steep sides (when fully developed).
1 Eruptions are never explosive in nature, but are very effusive with flowing lava..
1 To what extent do you think people choose their own heal.pdf
1. `To what extent do you think people choose their own health?
2. Describe five ways in which high SES contributes to good health.
There are different types of risk factors for diseases: modifiable risk factors and nonmodifiable risk
factors. What are YOUR modifiable and nonmodifiable risk factors for cardiovascular disease?.
1 three additional features EmployeeID int salary as d.pdf
1. three additional features: EmployeeID (int), salary (as double) and hireYear (as int).
2. two constructors (default and one with 4 parameters).
3. four mutator methods (rest, setEmployeeID, setSalary, and setHireYear).
4. three accessor methods.
5. equals method.
6. toString method
7. EmployeeID and salary must be positive and hireYear must be greater than 1970..
1 Tiene sentido que Spanish Vines considere ingresar al me.pdf
1. Tiene sentido que Spanish Vines considere ingresar al mercado colombiano?
2. Cul de sus etiquetas o marcas existentes debera introducir Spanish Vines en su estrategia de
lanzamiento en Colombia? Sea especfico con respecto a la marca de la casa frente a la de los
socios, la etiqueta y el tipo de vino.
3. Cmo puede Spanish Vines comenzar a mover a los clientes colombianos a travs del proceso de
compra? Especficamente, qu tipo de mensaje debera usar y qu canales de medios debera usar?
4. Cules son los mayores desafos que enfrentar Spanish Vines al establecer su(s) marca(s) en
Colombia y cmo puede superarlos?.
1 The upper level of the informatics stack Focuses on in.pdf
1. The "upper level" of the informatics stack: Focuses on interactions between two information
systems Focuses on goals and concerns of the organization Focuses on data standards for
exchanging data Focuses on technologies used in the service of higher-level goals 2. Goals of the
"World" of Clinical care include: Ensuring that "Total Populations" get the best preventive care
Ensuring interoperability between clinical information systems Ensuring that illness is treated
optimally in patients under care Ensuring that the data transmitted by wearables are interpreted
correctly3. An example of "specific module" would be CIS ADT PACS DRG 4. From a policy
perspective, informatics/health IT is most valuable because It provides the conduit for representing
and communicating the money reimbursed to providers. It determines the new model of care an
institution might use. It provides the conduit for representing and communicating data that
provides federal decision makers evidence of quality care. It determines how much risk an
organization wishes to take within a new model of care.5. In building risk models, an emerging
difficulty that threatens populations at risk is Including social determinants of health. Addressing
biases in the data Al algorithms use for training. Including healthcare utilization from EHR data.
Addressing social services. 6. Which stakeholder is missing from the 1992 model of the
"Computer Based Patient Record"? Patient HMO Laboratory Community hospital7. Which of the
following is most true regarding informatics interoperability? The business case for interoperability
remains a challenge. The ONC goals are all "above the Line". The ONC Policy and Technical
Components are not concerned with confidentiality. It concerns only the exchange of data,
information, and knowledge. 8. The "Fair" principles apparently underlying HIPAA include
Limitation of data quality Limitation of transparency Limitation of disclosure Limitation of
distribution9. HIPAA Privacy means that Health care providers may alert the government if a
patient contracts HIV Researchers must alert the government if a patient experiences a reportable
disease Health plans may alert the government if a patient is shot Employers must alert the
government if a patient is shot 10. In "CIA," Confidentiality means Protection from the government
Protection from unauthorized access or disclosure The right of individuals to keep information
about themselves from being disclosed to others When and where information is rightly needed11.
Deidentification is Limited to "limited data sets" Expressed in terms of the probability of re-
identification Fool-proof, if you use the "Safe Harbor" 18 items Reinforced by penalties for failure
of deidentification 12. Evaluation is needed To test if a software module produces the output the
vendor said it would To limit your assessment to data from within the system To make mid-course
corrections in deployment or use To find only problems within yo.
1 The table below is the data for an economy 4 Marks ITE.pdf
The document provides economic data for an economy including values in millions of dollars for items such as wages & salaries, household consumption, depreciation, capital formation, exports, rent, government consumption, imports, corporate income, interest & dividends, and farm income. To calculate expenditure-based GDP, add household consumption, capital formation, government consumption, and exports and subtract imports.
1 The Successiveapproximation converter has a longer conve.pdf
1. The Successive-approximation converter has a longer conversion time when compared with the
digital-ramp converter. 2. The ADC converts analog input to a digital output. 3. The DAC converts
analog input to a digital output. 4. Most physical variables are analog in nature and can take on
any value within a continuous range of values. 5. A transducer is a device that converts an
electrical variable to a physical variable. 6. The microcontroller is the brain of an embedded
system, which orchestrates all the operations. 7. Microcontrollers consume less power and have
no need for a cooling system. 8. Microcontrollers (MCU or C ) are different from microprocessors
(MPU).
1 The skin is made up of the and the 2 convey sensations w.pdf
1. The skin is made up of the and the 2. convey sensations within the skin. 3. This type of gland
secretes sebum to moisturize hair, provides waterproofing, and is antibacterial. 4. The are the
white blood cells of the epidermis. 5. create a lipid coat around the keratinocytes. 6. The base
layer of the epidermis is called the 7. The most superficial layer of the epidermis is the 8. convey
pigment to protect from UV radiation 9. This layer of the epidermis is only present on the palms of
hands and soles of feet. 10. The three pigment proteins that make color in the skin are and, 11.
The layer of the dermis that is made up of areolar CT is the 12. The thickest layer of the epidermis
is the 13. The of the hair is the outer most layer and determines texture.14. Excretion of waste,
salt balance, and thermoregulation are some of the functions of 15. The is the space where the
hair is. 16. The is a continuous epithelial barrier that lines the follicle. 17. The most dangerous type
of skin cancer is 18. A or partial thickness burn can be fatal if more than 25% of the body is
burned..
1 The proton motive force PMF generated by the electron t.pdf
1. The proton motive force (PMF) generated by the electron transport chain is associated with
which features?
Options:
A.It has a charge component such that it is more positive in the Mitochondrial inner membrane
space than in the matrix
B.The pH of the mitochondrial inner membrane space is higher than in the matrix
C.Protons are pumped across the inner mitochondrial membrane by Complexes I-IV.
D.It has a concentration component such that the [H+] is lower in the mitochondrial matrix than in
the inner membrane space.
E.The Phosphate transporter dissipates only the pH component of the PMF
F.Exchange of ATP and ADP through a transporter dissipates both the pH and the charge
component of the PMF.
2.Mitochondrial conditions determine the degree of reduction of each carrier in the respiratory
chain. For example, when NADH and O2O2 are abundant, the steadystate degree of reduction of
the carriers decreases as electrons pass from the substrate to O2.O2. When electron transfer is
blocked, the carriers before the block become more reduced and those beyond the block become
more oxidized.
Match the state of oxidation for ubiquinone (Q) and cytochromes b, c , c, a, and a with each
1 3
mitochondrial condition.
A.Abundant NADH and O2, but cynide added Match the following to the correct letter: 1. All
carriers remain oxidized., 2. Early carriers undergo reduction, and later carriers
B.ABUsndant NADH , but 02 exhausted. remain oxidized , 3. Early carriers remain oxideized ,
later carriers undergo reductio
C.Abundant O2, but NADH exhausted 4.All carriers undergo reduction.
D. ABUsndant NADH and O2
3.ATP-Synthase is powered by the PMF that is generated by the transfer of electrons from NADH
or FADH2 to reduce oxygen. Which of the following are INCORRECT concerning ATP synthase
and its mechanism?
Options:
A.The catalysis of the -subunits is allosterically regulated by the -subunits.
B.The formation of mitochondrial cristae by ATP-synthase dimerization facilitates rapid exchange
of substrates between the two enzymes.
C.ATP synthase catalyzes a bimolecular reaction in which the transition state consists of a high
energy conformation of the -subunit in the presence of ATP.
D.The number of c-subunits in the F0 system varies across species resulting in differing ratios of
ATP produced per Oxygen atom reduced.
E.If the F0 and F1 were separated, F1 would promote hydrolysis of ATP.
1 The prebabiity that both bults are red is 2 The erobasic.pdf
1. The prebabiity that both bults are red is 2. The erobasicy that she fint bub is ind and the secend
is yofigw is 1. The probebiry that the first bup is yellow and the second is red is 4. The probobily
that one bub is red ate one is relow (in ether order) is F. The probobily that both bulbs gre the
rame color is 6. The probabity that the fwe bufs are differtent coloes it.
1 The production possibilities frontier I Suppose Japan pro.pdf
1. The production possibilities frontier I Suppose Japan produces only two goods: barley and
computers. The following graph shows Japan's current production possibilities frontier (PPF),
along with six output combinations represented by black points (plus symbols) labeled A to F.
Complete the following table by indicating whether the output combination each point represents is
inefficient, efficient, attainable, or unattainable. (Note: Check all that apply.).
1 The patient a 12yearold boy shows several areas of to.pdf
1. The patient, a 12-year-old boy, shows several areas of tooth decay: #3 mesial, #12 occlusal,
#20 occlusal, and #30 on the occlusal and buccal surfaces. His mother expresses concern about
the amount of decay and asks the dental assistant what can be done to prevent more problems.
How should the dental assistant respond?.
1 The Port of Prince Rupert is BCs second largest port an.pdf
1. The Port of Prince Rupert is BC's second largest port, and in 2019 the port was awarded more
than $157 million in funding from the federal government for new projects. Speculate on why the
federal government (rather than private companies) would view this as an important project to
invest in to add to Canada's competitive advantage?.
1 The paternal age appears to play an important role on the.pdf
1. The paternal age appears to play an important role on the risk of down syndrome. a. True b.
False 2. Karyotyping for Down syndrome patients is done usually for a. b. 3. Spatial regulation of
gene expression depends mainly on gene types a. True b. False 4. The promoters of the
constitutive genes consist mainly of while the promoters of tissue specific genes consist mainly of.
1 The meteorological Department has issued a statement ment.pdf
1. The meteorological Department has issued a statement mentioning deficient rainfall during
monsoon in many parts of the country. 2. The Government has lowered the revised estimated
GDP growth from the level of earlier estimates. (5) Statement I is the cause and statement II is its
effect. (B) Statement II is the cause and statement I is its effect. (C) Both the statements I and II
are independent causes. (D) Both the statements I and II are effects of independent causes. ()
Both the statements I and II are effects of some common cause..
1 The idea underlying _____ is that satisfaction results fr.pdf
1. The idea underlying _____ is that satisfaction results from the perception that a job allows for
fulfillment of an individual's important work values.
need fulfillment
discrepancies
value attainment
equity
dispositional/Genetic component
2. According to Schwartz's Value Theory, _____ refers to the preservation and enhancement of
the welfare of people with whom one is in frequent personal contact.
Achievement
Hedonism
Benevolence
Universalism
Security.
1 The GI tract from esophagus to anus is composed of four t.pdf
1. The GI tract from esophagus to anus is composed of four tunics. Describe the general histology
of these tunics. Post Lab Questions 2. Fully classify the epithelial tissue found through most of the
GI tract from mouth to anus. Compare the structure and function of circular folds, villi, and
microvilli of the small intestine.4. Describe the histology of the stomach wall. List all applicable
structures and their functions. 5. Describe the histology of the small intestine wall. List all
applicable structures and their functions. 6. Describe the histology of the liver. List all applicable
structures and their functions. 7. Trace in order the arrangement through which bile enters into the
duodenum. List all organs and ducts in order. 8. Trace in order the arrangement through which
pancreatic juice enters into the duodenum. List all organs and ducts in order.9. Describe the
specific location and function of each of the three salivary glands. 10. Hepatic lobules contain
which are capillaries that transport both oxygen-rich blood from the and deoxygenated but nutrient
rich blood from the The large vessel at the center of the hepatic lobule is called the 11. Identify the
two main substances produced by the pancreas that are DIGESTIVE in function. Name the cells of
the pancreas that produce these substances..
1 The Great Wars In a land far far away there lived a mig.pdf
1. The Great Wars. In a land far far away, there lived a mighty king, called Ragnarr Shinypants.
For years, his kingdom was being raided and looted at night by members of an Orc army living in
the mountains nearby. He decided to launch an attack on the Orc kingdom with the best of his
men but needed to summon for help. The Orcs were ruled by the horrendous Spindleshanks - who
was not only known for his strength but also his necromancing abilities. His army consisted of
three types of Orcs: Battle-ready, wounded and dead. On each day half of the battle-ready
remained battle ready while 20% became wounded and the rest were killed. After the first day,
Spindleshanks' half-brother Purrpurr was brought in due to his abilities. He could make 35% of the
wounded battle ready and the rest remained wounded. Lastly, Spindleshanks' powers allowed him
to resurrect 40% of the dead Orcs to become wounded. (a) Draw a flow diagram to illustrate the
case. Be sure to label your diagram carefully. (b) Construct a transfer matrix based on (a)
representing the three kinds of Orcs each day. (c) If there were 1000 battle ready Orcs to begin
with, can you give the numbers of battle ready Orcs for the next three days? Merlin Wisebeard is
supposed to arrive with a band of wizards and help Ragnarr end the war on the fourth day, but till
then he needs to know how many Orcs his men are against..
1 The election tansport chain uses hilhtomgy eloctrans fro.pdf
1. The election tansport chain uses hilh-tomgy eloctrans from the Syese to cosivert isto ATP. 2. In
Eukaryotes, the electroa tansport chain is composed of a series of c. taembrane of the 1. In
prosaryotes, the same chan is in die cell 4. Hichenery are pasied from one cumiter protelia to i.
Werons with hydrosea ions and axy gea to form 6. gerves as the fian electrod asceptor of the
elhecesed respiration 7. ives build up in the internesmbeane space makiag it poitively charged 5.
The other side of the membnac is now charged How dees the cell ase the charse differeces that
balld ap at a result of electree trasypert? The inner of the mitochobdria ceatsin peotein spberes
called As H' ions excape through chansels into these proteins, they spin. Each time it rotates, the
enzyune gats a low enerig abid attaches a pborplate forming a Hgh-enerig The beauty of this
system is the way in which it ceaples the movemeat of Elgh-energ electroes with the prodiction of
ATP. Every time a pair of Migh-eneriy electrons moves down the . the caersy is used to move H+
ians across the Theic loes then rush bock acress the mematrase predacing enough force to spin
the ATF synthase and generate enormoses ansounts of ATP..
More from amir421526 (20)
1 Trkiye esnek bir kur rejimine sahiptir Geniletici bir m.pdf
1 Trkiye esnek bir kur rejimine sahiptir Geniletici bir m.pdf
1 True or False Magma and Lava are both Melted Rock the.pdf
1 True or False Magma and Lava are both Melted Rock the.pdf
1 To what extent do you think people choose their own heal.pdf
1 To what extent do you think people choose their own heal.pdf
1 three additional features EmployeeID int salary as d.pdf
1 three additional features EmployeeID int salary as d.pdf
1 Tiene sentido que Spanish Vines considere ingresar al me.pdf
1 Tiene sentido que Spanish Vines considere ingresar al me.pdf
1 The upper level of the informatics stack Focuses on in.pdf
1 The upper level of the informatics stack Focuses on in.pdf
1 The table below is the data for an economy 4 Marks ITE.pdf
1 The table below is the data for an economy 4 Marks ITE.pdf
1 The Successiveapproximation converter has a longer conve.pdf
1 The Successiveapproximation converter has a longer conve.pdf
1 The skin is made up of the and the 2 convey sensations w.pdf
1 The skin is made up of the and the 2 convey sensations w.pdf
1 The proton motive force PMF generated by the electron t.pdf
1 The proton motive force PMF generated by the electron t.pdf
1 The prebabiity that both bults are red is 2 The erobasic.pdf
1 The prebabiity that both bults are red is 2 The erobasic.pdf
1 The production possibilities frontier I Suppose Japan pro.pdf
1 The production possibilities frontier I Suppose Japan pro.pdf
1 The patient a 12yearold boy shows several areas of to.pdf
1 The patient a 12yearold boy shows several areas of to.pdf
1 The Port of Prince Rupert is BCs second largest port an.pdf
1 The Port of Prince Rupert is BCs second largest port an.pdf
1 The paternal age appears to play an important role on the.pdf
1 The paternal age appears to play an important role on the.pdf
1 The meteorological Department has issued a statement ment.pdf
1 The meteorological Department has issued a statement ment.pdf
1 The idea underlying _____ is that satisfaction results fr.pdf
1 The idea underlying _____ is that satisfaction results fr.pdf
1 The GI tract from esophagus to anus is composed of four t.pdf
1 The GI tract from esophagus to anus is composed of four t.pdf
1 The Great Wars In a land far far away there lived a mig.pdf
1 The Great Wars In a land far far away there lived a mig.pdf
1 The election tansport chain uses hilhtomgy eloctrans fro.pdf
1 The election tansport chain uses hilhtomgy eloctrans fro.pdf
Recently uploaded
Main Java[All of the Base Concepts}.docx
This is part 1 of my Java Learning Journey. This Contains Custom methods, classes, constructors, packages, multithreading , try- catch block, finally block and more.
Natural birth techniques - Mrs.Akanksha Trivedi Rama University
Natural birth techniques - Mrs.Akanksha Trivedi Rama UniversityAkanksha trivedi rama nursing college kanpur.
Natural birth techniques are various type such as/ water birth , alexender method, hypnosis, bradley method, lamaze method etcThe Diamonds of 2023-2024 in the IGRA collection
A review of the growth of the Israel Genealogy Research Association Database Collection for the last 12 months. Our collection is now passed the 3 million mark and still growing. See which archives have contributed the most. See the different types of records we have, and which years have had records added. You can also see what we have for the future.
Pollock and Snow "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape, Session One: Setting Expec...
Pollock and Snow "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape, Session One: Setting Expec...National Information Standards Organization (NISO)
This presentation was provided by Steph Pollock of The American Psychological Association’s Journals Program, and Damita Snow, of The American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE), for the initial session of NISO's 2024 Training Series "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape." Session One: 'Setting Expectations: a DEIA Primer,' was held June 6, 2024.clinical examination of hip joint (1).pdf
described clinical examination all orthopeadic conditions .
How to Add Chatter in the odoo 17 ERP Module
In Odoo, the chatter is like a chat tool that helps you work together on records. You can leave notes and track things, making it easier to talk with your team and partners. Inside chatter, all communication history, activity, and changes will be displayed.
Wound healing PPT
This document provides an overview of wound healing, its functions, stages, mechanisms, factors affecting it, and complications.
A wound is a break in the integrity of the skin or tissues, which may be associated with disruption of the structure and function.
Healing is the body’s response to injury in an attempt to restore normal structure and functions.
Healing can occur in two ways: Regeneration and Repair
There are 4 phases of wound healing: hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling. This document also describes the mechanism of wound healing. Factors that affect healing include infection, uncontrolled diabetes, poor nutrition, age, anemia, the presence of foreign bodies, etc.
Complications of wound healing like infection, hyperpigmentation of scar, contractures, and keloid formation.
Chapter 4 - Islamic Financial Institutions in Malaysia.pptx
Chapter 4 - Islamic Financial Institutions in Malaysia.pptxMohd Adib Abd Muin, Senior Lecturer at Universiti Utara Malaysia
This slide is special for master students (MIBS & MIFB) in UUM. Also useful for readers who are interested in the topic of contemporary Islamic banking.
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty, In...
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty, In...Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty,
International FDP on Fundamentals of Research in Social Sciences
at Integral University, Lucknow, 06.06.2024
By Dr. Vinod Kumar KanvariaYour Skill Boost Masterclass: Strategies for Effective Upskilling
Your Skill Boost Masterclass: Strategies for Effective UpskillingExcellence Foundation for South Sudan
Strategies for Effective Upskilling is a presentation by Chinwendu Peace in a Your Skill Boost Masterclass organisation by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan on 08th and 09th June 2024 from 1 PM to 3 PM on each day.ANATOMY AND BIOMECHANICS OF HIP JOINT.pdf
it describes the bony anatomy including the femoral head , acetabulum, labrum . also discusses the capsule , ligaments . muscle that act on the hip joint and the range of motion are outlined. factors affecting hip joint stability and weight transmission through the joint are summarized.
Hindi varnamala | hindi alphabet PPT.pdf
हिंदी वर्णमाला पीपीटी, hindi alphabet PPT presentation, hindi varnamala PPT, Hindi Varnamala pdf, हिंदी स्वर, हिंदी व्यंजन, sikhiye hindi varnmala, dr. mulla adam ali, hindi language and literature, hindi alphabet with drawing, hindi alphabet pdf, hindi varnamala for childrens, hindi language, hindi varnamala practice for kids, https://www.drmullaadamali.com
How to Build a Module in Odoo 17 Using the Scaffold Method
Odoo provides an option for creating a module by using a single line command. By using this command the user can make a whole structure of a module. It is very easy for a beginner to make a module. There is no need to make each file manually. This slide will show how to create a module using the scaffold method.
How to Manage Your Lost Opportunities in Odoo 17 CRM
Odoo 17 CRM allows us to track why we lose sales opportunities with "Lost Reasons." This helps analyze our sales process and identify areas for improvement. Here's how to configure lost reasons in Odoo 17 CRM
Leveraging Generative AI to Drive Nonprofit Innovation
In this webinar, participants learned how to utilize Generative AI to streamline operations and elevate member engagement. Amazon Web Service experts provided a customer specific use cases and dived into low/no-code tools that are quick and easy to deploy through Amazon Web Service (AWS.)
Advanced Java[Extra Concepts, Not Difficult].docx
This is part 2 of my Java Learning Journey. This contains Hashing, ArrayList, LinkedList, Date and Time Classes, Calendar Class and more.
Recently uploaded (20)
Natural birth techniques - Mrs.Akanksha Trivedi Rama University
Natural birth techniques - Mrs.Akanksha Trivedi Rama University
Pollock and Snow "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape, Session One: Setting Expec...
Pollock and Snow "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape, Session One: Setting Expec...
Chapter 4 - Islamic Financial Institutions in Malaysia.pptx
Chapter 4 - Islamic Financial Institutions in Malaysia.pptx
NEWSPAPERS - QUESTION 1 - REVISION POWERPOINT.pptx
NEWSPAPERS - QUESTION 1 - REVISION POWERPOINT.pptx
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty, In...
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty, In...
Your Skill Boost Masterclass: Strategies for Effective Upskilling
Your Skill Boost Masterclass: Strategies for Effective Upskilling
How to Build a Module in Odoo 17 Using the Scaffold Method
How to Build a Module in Odoo 17 Using the Scaffold Method
Liberal Approach to the Study of Indian Politics.pdf
Liberal Approach to the Study of Indian Politics.pdf
How to Manage Your Lost Opportunities in Odoo 17 CRM
How to Manage Your Lost Opportunities in Odoo 17 CRM
Leveraging Generative AI to Drive Nonprofit Innovation
Leveraging Generative AI to Drive Nonprofit Innovation
1 Transaction management deals with the problems of always .pdf
- 1. 1. Transaction management deals with the problems of always keeping the database in a consistent state even when concurrent accesses and failures occur. 2. A transaction consists of a sequence of read and write operations on the database, together with computation steps. 3. Durability is the property of transactions that requires each transaction to see a consistent database at all times. 4. Isolation refers to that property of transactions which ensures that once a transaction commits, its results are permanent and cannot be erased from the database. 5. The history of transaction execution at each site is called a global history. 6. Optimistic algorithms synchronize the concurrent execution of transactions early in their execution life cycle, whereas pessimistic algorithms delay the synchronization of transactions until their termination.