1. Provide three differential diagnoses based on Janet’s subjective and objective data and discuss your reasoning for each.
Hay fever, food allergies and viral infection that presents as a cold with allergic symptoms would be the top three indications based off of the signs and symptoms being presented by Janet (Mayo Clinic, 2019b). Hay fever causes seasonal allergies along with a clear runny nose, post-nasal drip and irritated nares. Food allergies can cause eczema and allergic symptoms affecting the ear note and throat (Mayo Clinic, 2017). A viral infection such as the common cold can also exacerbate a runny nose, sneezing, post-nasal drainage and inflamed lymph nodes (Mayo Clinic, 2019a).
2. What additional history questions would be useful in your evaluation of Janet?
You can ask valid questions such like when did the symptoms begin? Have you been around anyone else who is sick? What makes the symptoms worse? Have you had a recent in change in environment or food? What makes the symptoms seem worse or better? Have you tried taking any medication and if so, what has worked/not worked? Does anyone in your family suffer from any allergies? Have you had seasonal/food allergies ever checked?
3. Discuss the pathophysiological process of your primary diagnosis.
Janet is suffering from Hay fever during the changes in seasons during Spring and Fall which is when pollen counts are elevated. According to Mayo Clinic (2019) Hay fever, also called allergic rhinitis, causes cold-like signs and symptoms, such as a runny nose, itchy eyes, congestion, sneezing and sinus pressure. But unlike a cold, hay fever isn't caused by a virus. Hay fever is caused by an allergic response to outdoor or indoor allergens, such as pollen, dust mites, or tiny flecks of skin and saliva shed by cats, dogs, and other animals with fur or feathers (pet dander).
4. Differentiate the types of hypersensitivity mechanisms.
Type I hypersensitivity is also known as immediate or anaphylactic hypersensitivity. The reaction may involve skin (urticaria and eczema), eyes (conjunctivitis), nasopharynx (rhinorrhoea, rhinitis), bronchopulmonary tissues (asthma) and gastrointestinal tract (gastroenteritis). The reaction may cause a range of symptoms from minor inconvenience to death. The reaction usually takes 15 - 30 minutes from the time of exposure to the antigen, although sometimes it may have a delayed onset of 10-12 hours (Ghaffar, 2016).
Type II hypersensitivities are also known as cytotoxic hypersensitivities and may affect a variety of organs and tissues. The antigens are normally endogenous, although exogenous chemicals (haptens) which can attach to cell membranes and lead to type II hypersensitivity. Drug-induced hemolyticanemia, granulocytopenia and thrombocytopenia are examples. The reaction time is minutes to hours. Type II hypersensitivity are primarily mediated by antibodies of the IgM or IgG classes and complement. Phagocytes and K cells may also play a role (Ghaffa.
An allergy is a condition in which the body’s immune system reacts to a substance that is typically harmless. When the body comes into contact with the allergen, it releases histamine, a chemical that leads to symptoms such as sneezing, itching, and swelling. allergies can be caused by a variety of things, including pollen, pet dander, dust, and certain foods. Some people have such severe allergies that they can go into anaphylactic shock, which can be life-threatening.
Allergic rhinitis is a very common disorder that affects people of all ages. It is frequently ignored, under diagnosed, misdiagnosed, and mistreated, which not only is detrimental to health but also has societal costs. Although allergic rhinitis is not a serious illness, it is clinically relevant because it underlies many complications, is a major risk factor for poor asthma control, and affects quality of life and productivity at work or school. Hidden direct costs include the treatment of co-morbid asthma, chronic sinusitis, otitis media, upper respiratory infection, and nasal polyp. Nasal congestion, the most prominent symptom in AR, is associated with sleep-disordered breathing, a condition that can have a profound effect on mental health, including increased psychiatric disorders, depression, anxiety, and alcohol abuse. Furthermore, sleep-disordered breathing in childhood and adolescence is associated with increased disorders of learning performance, behavior, and attention. Management of allergic rhinitis is best when directed by guidelines. At this juncture Homoeopathic system of medicine offers a safe and effective solution of the illness if followed under the guidance of expertise. This article provides an overview of the patho-physiology, diagnosis, and appropriate homoeopathic management of this disorder.
Dr. Smita Brahmachari
M.O., Dept. of AYUSH, Govt. of NCT Delhi.
An allergy is a condition in which the body’s immune system reacts to a substance that is typically harmless. When the body comes into contact with the allergen, it releases histamine, a chemical that leads to symptoms such as sneezing, itching, and swelling. allergies can be caused by a variety of things, including pollen, pet dander, dust, and certain foods. Some people have such severe allergies that they can go into anaphylactic shock, which can be life-threatening.
Allergic rhinitis is a very common disorder that affects people of all ages. It is frequently ignored, under diagnosed, misdiagnosed, and mistreated, which not only is detrimental to health but also has societal costs. Although allergic rhinitis is not a serious illness, it is clinically relevant because it underlies many complications, is a major risk factor for poor asthma control, and affects quality of life and productivity at work or school. Hidden direct costs include the treatment of co-morbid asthma, chronic sinusitis, otitis media, upper respiratory infection, and nasal polyp. Nasal congestion, the most prominent symptom in AR, is associated with sleep-disordered breathing, a condition that can have a profound effect on mental health, including increased psychiatric disorders, depression, anxiety, and alcohol abuse. Furthermore, sleep-disordered breathing in childhood and adolescence is associated with increased disorders of learning performance, behavior, and attention. Management of allergic rhinitis is best when directed by guidelines. At this juncture Homoeopathic system of medicine offers a safe and effective solution of the illness if followed under the guidance of expertise. This article provides an overview of the patho-physiology, diagnosis, and appropriate homoeopathic management of this disorder.
Dr. Smita Brahmachari
M.O., Dept. of AYUSH, Govt. of NCT Delhi.
Dr. ihsan edan abdulkareem alsaimary
PROFESSOR IN MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR IMMUNOLOGY
ihsanalsaimary@gmail.com
mobile : 009647801410838
university of basrah - college of medicine - basrah -IRAQ
Allergy and immunology involves the management of disorders related to the immune system. These conditions range from the very common to the very rare, spanning all ages and encompassing various organ systems. Diseases typically seen by an allergist/immunologist (often referred to simply as an "allergist") include:
Allergic diseases of the eye, such as allergic conjunctivitis
Respiratory tract-related conditions such as allergic rhinitis, sinusitis, asthma, hypersensitivity pneumonitis and occupational lung diseases
Gastrointestinal disorders caused by immune responses to foods, including eosinophilic esophagitis or gastroenteritis, and food protein-induced enteropathies
Skin-related allergic conditions such as atopic dermatitis, contact dermatitis, acute and chronic urticaria, or angioedema
Adverse reactions to foods, drugs, vaccines, stinging insects and other agents
Diseases primarily affecting the immune system, including primary immune deficiencies such as severe combined immune deficiency syndromes, antibody deficiencies, complement deficiency, phagocytic cell abnormalities, or other impairments in innate immunity and acquired immune deficiency
Systemic diseases including anaphylaxis and systemic diseases involving mast cells or eosinophils
Diseases associated with autoimmune responses to self-antigens, such as auto-inflammatory syndromes
Stem cell, bone marrow and/or organ transplantation
Allergists may practice in dedicated allergy-related clinical settings and frequently provide consultative services to other physicians and hospitals. Some allergists combine their subspecialized training with general internal medicine practice.
Allergies, also known as allergic diseases, are a number of conditions caused by hypersensitivity of the immune system to something in the environment that usually causes little problem in most people
Screening for the immunological diseasesduresameen24
Immunodeficiency disorders usually result from use of a medication or from a long-lasting serious disorder (such as cancer) but occasionally are inherited.
People usually have frequent, unusual, or unusually severe or prolonged infections and may develop an autoimmune disorder or cancer.
Doctors suspect immunodeficiency based on symptoms and do blood tests to identify the particular disorder.
People may be given antimicrobial drugs (such as antibiotics) to prevent and treat infections.
Immune globulin may be given if there are too few antibodies (immunoglobulins) or they are not functioning normally.
For some severe immunodeficiency disorders, stem cell transplantation is sometimes done.
Immunodeficiency disorders impair the immune system’s ability to defend the body against foreign or abnormal cells that invade or attack it (such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, and cancer cells). As a result, unusual bacterial, viral, or fungal infections or lymphomas or other cancers may develop.
Another problem is that up to 25% of people who have an immunodeficiency disorder also have an autoimmune disorder (such as immune thrombocytopenia). In an autoimmune disorder, the immune system attacks the body's own tissues. Sometimes the autoimmune disorder develops before the immunodeficiency causes any symptoms.
There are two types of immunodeficiency disorders:
Primary: These disorders are usually present at birth and are genetic disorders that are usually hereditary. They typically become evident during infancy or childhood. However, some primary immunodeficiency disorders (such as common variable immunodeficiency) are not recognized until adulthood. There are more than 100 primary immunodeficiency disorders. All are relatively rare.
Secondary: These disorders generally develop later in life and often result from use of certain medications or from another disorder, such as diabetes or human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. They are more common than primary immunodeficiency disorders.
When your immune system reacts to a food or substance that typically doesn’t trigger a reaction in most people, such as pollen, bee venom, or pet dander, allergies might develop. Your body creates molecules called antibodies.
Discussion #11. Provide three differential diagnoses based on huttenangela
Discussion #1
1. Provide three differential diagnoses based on Janet’s subjective and objective data and discuss your reasoning for each.
Based on the subjective and objective data from Janet, the primary diagnosis would be allergic rhinitis. The signs and symptoms such as runny nose, itchy eyes, and postnasal drainage are all indicative of allergic rhinitis (Mayo Clinic, 2018). The next diagnosis for Janet would be seasonal allergic rhinitis. The indication for this diagnosis is that Janet experiences these type symptoms during the spring and fall (Mayo Clinic, 2018). The last diagnosis for Janet would be atopic dermatitis. Widespread lesions generally characterize atopic dermatitis, and these occur during an immediate hypersensitivity reaction (McCance & Huether, 2014).
2. What additional history questions would be useful in your evaluation of Janet?
Additional history questions to evaluate Janet would be: Does she have a family history of seasonal allergic rhinitis? Does she have any pets in her home, if so cats, dogs, etc? What is her work environment? Does she keep the windows of her home open? Is she frequently outside? These questions help assess the exposure to the seasonal allergens that are affecting Janet.
3. Discuss the pathophysiological process of your primary diagnosis.
When an individual is exposed to an allergen, an allergic- specific immunoglobulin E is produced (IgE). The IgE antibodies then bind to IgE receptors that are on mast cells and in the respiratory mucosa, and they bind to basophils in the peripheral blood. Once the allergy is inhaled, the IgE antibodies are then bridged on the cell surface by allergen, which activates the cell. The mast cells that are in the nasal tissues then release granule associated chemical mediators, and thus the symptoms of allergic rhinitis occur (deShazo & Kemp, 2017).
4. Differentiate the types of hypersensitivity mechanisms.
There are four type of hypersensitivity mechanisms: I, II, III, IV
Hypersensitivity I: IgE- Mediated hypersensitivity reactions- Type I reactions are mediated by the antigen specific IgE as well as the products of tissue mast cells (McCance & Huether, 2014). Most common allergies (seasonal allergies) are type I reactions, thus many healthcare providers use the term allergy when referencing an IgE- mediated reactions. Type I reaction is an immediate reaction and thus anaphylactic reaction is also included in type I.
Hypersensitivity II: Tissue specific reaction- This reaction is also immediate and it involved IgG and IgM antibodies, as well as the macrophages in tissues. Common disorders of hypersensitivity type II are autoimmune thrombocytompenic purpura, graves disease, and hemolytic anemia (McCance & Huether, 2014).
Hypersensitivity III- Immune complex mediated- this reaction is also immediate and involves the IgG and IgM antibodies, as well as neutrophils. Common disorders include systemic lupus erythematosus (McCance & Huether, 2014).
Hypersensitivity ...
Types of hypersensitivity reactions/ dental crown & bridge coursesIndian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
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1. The Incident Command System (ICS) is a tool forA. Co.docxstilliegeorgiana
1. The Incident Command System (ICS) is a tool for:
A. Command, control, and coordination at an incident
B. Interagency responses only
C. Multi-jurisdictional responses only
D. Responses involving first-response personnel only
2. ICS can be used to manage all types of incidents.
A. True
B. False
3. Federal law requires that ICS be used for all natural disasters.
A. True
B. False
4.The ICS General Staff includes:
A. Branch, Division, Group, and Unit managers
B. All managers of operational resources.
C. Planning, Operations, Logistics, and Finance/Administration Section Chiefs
D. Incident Commander and the Information, Safety, and Liaison Officers
5. All incidents, regardless of size, will have an Incident Commander.
A. True
B. False
6. In an ICS environment, the optimum span of control is:
A. Two (2) resources
B. Five (5) resources
C. Eight (8) resources
D. Ten (10) resources
7. Which section is responsible for providing incident facilities?
A. Planning
B. Operations
C. Logistics
D. Finance/Administration
8. Which section is responsible for documenting the status of resources, incident response, and developing the IAP?
A. Planning
B. Operations
C. Logistics
D. Finance/Administration
9. The Incident Commander is responsible for all the following EXCEPT:
A. Protecting life and property
B. Controlling resources assigned to the incident
C. Maintaining accountability
D. Coordinating the community-wide response
10. Given what you know about your agency, your job and you capabilities, where would you most likely be assigned in an ICS structure? To whom would you report? Be sure to include what your job is or would be during an event.
.
1. The Thirteenth Amendment effectively brought an end to slaver.docxstilliegeorgiana
1. The Thirteenth Amendment effectively brought an end to slavery in the United States. Lincoln had issued the Emancipation Proclamation over 3 years earlier. Why, then, was the Thirteenth Amendment issued? Was it necessary? How come?
2. The Fourteenth Amendment settled the question of who is a citizen of the United States. (anyone naturalized or born here). Why are Indians excluded?
3. Persons who are citizens may not be denied the right to vote according to the Fifteenth Amendment. The Civil Rights crises of the 1960s, and the work of Martin Luther King (and many others) sought, among other things, to assure that the right to vote was available to all. Why? The Fifteenth Amendment had been passed almost a hundred years earlier. How could persons be denied the ballot?
4. How could Andrew Johnson, Lincoln's successor, veto the Civil Rights Bill in 1866 when the 13th Amendment had already been passed in 1865? What issues did he cite to justify his veto? (Hint: look at the Johnson primary source)
5. The 14th Amendment. How does Foner explain the relationship between the Federal and the State as a result of the 14th Amendment?
https://util.wwnorton.com/jwplayer?type=video&msrc=/wwnorton.college.public/history/give/reconstruction-johnson.mp4&csrc=/wwnorton.college.public/history/give/reconstruction-johnson.vtt&cp=1
https://util.wwnorton.com/jwplayer?type=video&msrc=/wwnorton.college.public/history/give/14th-amendment.mp4&csrc=/wwnorton.college.public/history/give/14th-amendment.vtt&cp=1
https://util.wwnorton.com/jwplayer?type=video&msrc=/wwnorton.college.public/history/give/reconstruction-amendments-2.mp4&csrc=/wwnorton.college.public/history/give/reconstruction-amendments-2.vtt&cp=1
.
More Related Content
Similar to 1. Provide three differential diagnoses based on Janet’s subjective .docx
Dr. ihsan edan abdulkareem alsaimary
PROFESSOR IN MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR IMMUNOLOGY
ihsanalsaimary@gmail.com
mobile : 009647801410838
university of basrah - college of medicine - basrah -IRAQ
Allergy and immunology involves the management of disorders related to the immune system. These conditions range from the very common to the very rare, spanning all ages and encompassing various organ systems. Diseases typically seen by an allergist/immunologist (often referred to simply as an "allergist") include:
Allergic diseases of the eye, such as allergic conjunctivitis
Respiratory tract-related conditions such as allergic rhinitis, sinusitis, asthma, hypersensitivity pneumonitis and occupational lung diseases
Gastrointestinal disorders caused by immune responses to foods, including eosinophilic esophagitis or gastroenteritis, and food protein-induced enteropathies
Skin-related allergic conditions such as atopic dermatitis, contact dermatitis, acute and chronic urticaria, or angioedema
Adverse reactions to foods, drugs, vaccines, stinging insects and other agents
Diseases primarily affecting the immune system, including primary immune deficiencies such as severe combined immune deficiency syndromes, antibody deficiencies, complement deficiency, phagocytic cell abnormalities, or other impairments in innate immunity and acquired immune deficiency
Systemic diseases including anaphylaxis and systemic diseases involving mast cells or eosinophils
Diseases associated with autoimmune responses to self-antigens, such as auto-inflammatory syndromes
Stem cell, bone marrow and/or organ transplantation
Allergists may practice in dedicated allergy-related clinical settings and frequently provide consultative services to other physicians and hospitals. Some allergists combine their subspecialized training with general internal medicine practice.
Allergies, also known as allergic diseases, are a number of conditions caused by hypersensitivity of the immune system to something in the environment that usually causes little problem in most people
Screening for the immunological diseasesduresameen24
Immunodeficiency disorders usually result from use of a medication or from a long-lasting serious disorder (such as cancer) but occasionally are inherited.
People usually have frequent, unusual, or unusually severe or prolonged infections and may develop an autoimmune disorder or cancer.
Doctors suspect immunodeficiency based on symptoms and do blood tests to identify the particular disorder.
People may be given antimicrobial drugs (such as antibiotics) to prevent and treat infections.
Immune globulin may be given if there are too few antibodies (immunoglobulins) or they are not functioning normally.
For some severe immunodeficiency disorders, stem cell transplantation is sometimes done.
Immunodeficiency disorders impair the immune system’s ability to defend the body against foreign or abnormal cells that invade or attack it (such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, and cancer cells). As a result, unusual bacterial, viral, or fungal infections or lymphomas or other cancers may develop.
Another problem is that up to 25% of people who have an immunodeficiency disorder also have an autoimmune disorder (such as immune thrombocytopenia). In an autoimmune disorder, the immune system attacks the body's own tissues. Sometimes the autoimmune disorder develops before the immunodeficiency causes any symptoms.
There are two types of immunodeficiency disorders:
Primary: These disorders are usually present at birth and are genetic disorders that are usually hereditary. They typically become evident during infancy or childhood. However, some primary immunodeficiency disorders (such as common variable immunodeficiency) are not recognized until adulthood. There are more than 100 primary immunodeficiency disorders. All are relatively rare.
Secondary: These disorders generally develop later in life and often result from use of certain medications or from another disorder, such as diabetes or human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. They are more common than primary immunodeficiency disorders.
When your immune system reacts to a food or substance that typically doesn’t trigger a reaction in most people, such as pollen, bee venom, or pet dander, allergies might develop. Your body creates molecules called antibodies.
Discussion #11. Provide three differential diagnoses based on huttenangela
Discussion #1
1. Provide three differential diagnoses based on Janet’s subjective and objective data and discuss your reasoning for each.
Based on the subjective and objective data from Janet, the primary diagnosis would be allergic rhinitis. The signs and symptoms such as runny nose, itchy eyes, and postnasal drainage are all indicative of allergic rhinitis (Mayo Clinic, 2018). The next diagnosis for Janet would be seasonal allergic rhinitis. The indication for this diagnosis is that Janet experiences these type symptoms during the spring and fall (Mayo Clinic, 2018). The last diagnosis for Janet would be atopic dermatitis. Widespread lesions generally characterize atopic dermatitis, and these occur during an immediate hypersensitivity reaction (McCance & Huether, 2014).
2. What additional history questions would be useful in your evaluation of Janet?
Additional history questions to evaluate Janet would be: Does she have a family history of seasonal allergic rhinitis? Does she have any pets in her home, if so cats, dogs, etc? What is her work environment? Does she keep the windows of her home open? Is she frequently outside? These questions help assess the exposure to the seasonal allergens that are affecting Janet.
3. Discuss the pathophysiological process of your primary diagnosis.
When an individual is exposed to an allergen, an allergic- specific immunoglobulin E is produced (IgE). The IgE antibodies then bind to IgE receptors that are on mast cells and in the respiratory mucosa, and they bind to basophils in the peripheral blood. Once the allergy is inhaled, the IgE antibodies are then bridged on the cell surface by allergen, which activates the cell. The mast cells that are in the nasal tissues then release granule associated chemical mediators, and thus the symptoms of allergic rhinitis occur (deShazo & Kemp, 2017).
4. Differentiate the types of hypersensitivity mechanisms.
There are four type of hypersensitivity mechanisms: I, II, III, IV
Hypersensitivity I: IgE- Mediated hypersensitivity reactions- Type I reactions are mediated by the antigen specific IgE as well as the products of tissue mast cells (McCance & Huether, 2014). Most common allergies (seasonal allergies) are type I reactions, thus many healthcare providers use the term allergy when referencing an IgE- mediated reactions. Type I reaction is an immediate reaction and thus anaphylactic reaction is also included in type I.
Hypersensitivity II: Tissue specific reaction- This reaction is also immediate and it involved IgG and IgM antibodies, as well as the macrophages in tissues. Common disorders of hypersensitivity type II are autoimmune thrombocytompenic purpura, graves disease, and hemolytic anemia (McCance & Huether, 2014).
Hypersensitivity III- Immune complex mediated- this reaction is also immediate and involves the IgG and IgM antibodies, as well as neutrophils. Common disorders include systemic lupus erythematosus (McCance & Huether, 2014).
Hypersensitivity ...
Types of hypersensitivity reactions/ dental crown & bridge coursesIndian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
1. The Incident Command System (ICS) is a tool forA. Co.docxstilliegeorgiana
1. The Incident Command System (ICS) is a tool for:
A. Command, control, and coordination at an incident
B. Interagency responses only
C. Multi-jurisdictional responses only
D. Responses involving first-response personnel only
2. ICS can be used to manage all types of incidents.
A. True
B. False
3. Federal law requires that ICS be used for all natural disasters.
A. True
B. False
4.The ICS General Staff includes:
A. Branch, Division, Group, and Unit managers
B. All managers of operational resources.
C. Planning, Operations, Logistics, and Finance/Administration Section Chiefs
D. Incident Commander and the Information, Safety, and Liaison Officers
5. All incidents, regardless of size, will have an Incident Commander.
A. True
B. False
6. In an ICS environment, the optimum span of control is:
A. Two (2) resources
B. Five (5) resources
C. Eight (8) resources
D. Ten (10) resources
7. Which section is responsible for providing incident facilities?
A. Planning
B. Operations
C. Logistics
D. Finance/Administration
8. Which section is responsible for documenting the status of resources, incident response, and developing the IAP?
A. Planning
B. Operations
C. Logistics
D. Finance/Administration
9. The Incident Commander is responsible for all the following EXCEPT:
A. Protecting life and property
B. Controlling resources assigned to the incident
C. Maintaining accountability
D. Coordinating the community-wide response
10. Given what you know about your agency, your job and you capabilities, where would you most likely be assigned in an ICS structure? To whom would you report? Be sure to include what your job is or would be during an event.
.
1. The Thirteenth Amendment effectively brought an end to slaver.docxstilliegeorgiana
1. The Thirteenth Amendment effectively brought an end to slavery in the United States. Lincoln had issued the Emancipation Proclamation over 3 years earlier. Why, then, was the Thirteenth Amendment issued? Was it necessary? How come?
2. The Fourteenth Amendment settled the question of who is a citizen of the United States. (anyone naturalized or born here). Why are Indians excluded?
3. Persons who are citizens may not be denied the right to vote according to the Fifteenth Amendment. The Civil Rights crises of the 1960s, and the work of Martin Luther King (and many others) sought, among other things, to assure that the right to vote was available to all. Why? The Fifteenth Amendment had been passed almost a hundred years earlier. How could persons be denied the ballot?
4. How could Andrew Johnson, Lincoln's successor, veto the Civil Rights Bill in 1866 when the 13th Amendment had already been passed in 1865? What issues did he cite to justify his veto? (Hint: look at the Johnson primary source)
5. The 14th Amendment. How does Foner explain the relationship between the Federal and the State as a result of the 14th Amendment?
https://util.wwnorton.com/jwplayer?type=video&msrc=/wwnorton.college.public/history/give/reconstruction-johnson.mp4&csrc=/wwnorton.college.public/history/give/reconstruction-johnson.vtt&cp=1
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1. The Thirteenth Amendment effectively brought an end to slavery in.docxstilliegeorgiana
1. The Thirteenth Amendment effectively brought an end to slavery in the United States. Lincoln had issued the Emancipation Proclamation over 3 years earlier. Why, then, was the Thirteenth Amendment issued? Was it necessary? How come?
2. The Fourteenth Amendment settled the question of who is a citizen of the United States. (anyone naturalized or born here). Why are Indians excluded?
3. Persons who are citizens may not be denied the right to vote according to the Fifteenth Amendment. The Civil Rights crises of the 1960s, and the work of Martin Luther King (and many others) sought, among other things, to assure that the right to vote was available to all. Why? The Fifteenth Amendment had been passed almost a hundred years earlier. How could persons be denied the ballot?
4. How could Andrew Johnson, Lincoln's successor, veto the Civil Rights Bill in 1866 when the 13th Amendment had already been passed in 1865? What issues did he cite to justify his veto? (Hint: look at the Johnson primary source)
5. The 14th Amendment. How does Foner explain the relationship between the Federal and the State as a result of the 14th Amendment?
https://util.wwnorton.com/jwplayer?type=video&msrc=/wwnorton.college.public/history/give/reconstruction-johnson.mp4&csrc=/wwnorton.college.public/history/give/reconstruction-johnson.vtt&cp=1
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1. The Fight for a True Democracyhttpswww.nytimes.com201.docxstilliegeorgiana
1. The Fight for a True Democracy
https://www.nytimes.com/2019/08/23/podcasts/1619-slavery-anniversary.html
(Follow the link to the podcast)
Directions:
Students will listen to this podcast and write 3 paragraphs about it. One paragraph should summarize the podcast episode, the second paragraph should discuss its significance in U.S. History, and the last paragraph should explain what the student thought about the podcast.
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1. The article for week 8 described hip hop as a weapon. This weeks.docxstilliegeorgiana
1. The article for week 8 described hip hop as a weapon. This week's reading makes several references to hip hop and spirituality? Can hip hop be described as a spiritual movement? Why or why not?
2. In the movie, "I Love Hip Hop in Morocco" on of the rappers repeatedly used the "N" word. Do you agree with his use of the "N" word for Moroccans? How did he justify its use?
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1. The Hatch Act defines prohibited activities of public employees. .docxstilliegeorgiana
1. The Hatch Act defines prohibited activities of public employees. Analyze the significance of these prohibitions with regard to an individual’s political actions. Provide a rationale for your response.
2. Analyze the key ethical challenges of privatization. Take a position on whether the private sector should be responsible for program outcomes of a public program or service. Provide a rationale for your response
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1. The Case for Reparations” by Ta-Nehisi Coates (604-19) in Rere.docxstilliegeorgiana
1. “The Case for Reparations” by Ta-Nehisi Coates (604-19) in Rereading America
2. “Choosing a School for My Daughter in a Segregated City” (152) by Nikole Hannah-Jones3. “From Social Class and the Hidden Curriculum of Work” (136) by Jean Anyon
4. John Taylor Gatto's "Against School" (114) in Rereading America
How to Do Extra Credit: 1. 5 Paged Essay-Must Be Singled Spaced.
For 100 points do extra credit where you review a film, video, music video, or lecture or book that reflects the discussions in class. Write a paper on themes presented in the class reflected in one of those mediums. Consider the ideas about culture. Observe how culture and condition were presented. Think about what values were being preserved or dismantled. Then, write in third person, what was learned. The essay is in third person; don’t write you, we, our us, or me. It is not considered academic.
Question: What are the themes in the event that link to the course, and how do those themes represent social problems or ways to resolve those problems?
1st Paragraph 100 POINTS FOR ESSAY
Introduction: Write summary of the event, lecture, music video, or song. (5 sentences)
Thesis: Answer the questions above. (1-2 sentences)
2nd Paragraph
Point: Write what is the importance of the theme. (1-2 sentences)
Illustration A. Summary (3 sentences)
Illustration B. Quotation (1-2 lines)
Explanation:
A. Explain the importance of the quote (2 sentences)
B. Explain how the importance is linked to Anzaldua (2 sentences)
3rd Paragraph
Point: Write what is the importance of the theme. (1-2 sentences)
Illustration A. Summary (3 sentences)
Illustration B. Quotation (1-2 lines)
Explanation:
A. Explain the importance of the quote (2 sentences)
B. Explain how the importance is linked Anzaldua (2 sentences)
4th Paragraph
Point: Write what is the importance of the theme. (1-2 sentences)
Illustration A. Summary (3 sentences)
Illustration B. Quotation (1-2 lines)
Explanation:
A. Explain the importance of the quote (2 sentences)
B. Explain how the importance is linked to Anzaldua (2 sentences)
5th Conclusion: Write 3 sentences on what you learned you didn't know before. Write in third person.
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1. Some people say that chatbots are inferior for chatting.Others di.docxstilliegeorgiana
1. Some people say that chatbots are inferior for chatting.Others disagree. Discuss.
2. Discuss the financial benefits of chatbots.
3. Discuss how IBM Watson will reach 1 billion people by 2018 and what the implications of that are.
4. Compare the chatbots of Facebook and WeChat. Which has more functionalities?
5. Research the role of chatbots in helping patients with dementia
6. Microsoft partners with the government of Singapore to develop chatbots for e-services. Find out how this is done.
APA format with 2 references.
2 pages
.
1. Some people say that chatbots are inferior for chatting.Other.docxstilliegeorgiana
1. Some people say that chatbots are inferior for chatting.Others disagree. Discuss.
2. Discuss the financial benefits of chatbots.
3. Discuss how IBM Watson will reach 1 billion people by 2018 and what the implications of that are.
4. Compare the chatbots of Facebook and WeChat. Which has more functionalities?
5. Research the role of chatbots in helping patients with dementia
6. Microsoft partners with the government of Singapore to develop chatbots for e-services. Find out how this is done.
APA format with 2 references.
2 pages
.
1. Some people say that chatbots are inferior for chatting. Others d.docxstilliegeorgiana
1. Some people say that chatbots are inferior for chatting. Others disagree. Discuss.
2. Discuss the financial benefits of chatbots.
3. Discuss how IBM Watson will reach 1 billion people by 2018 and what the implications of that are.
4. Compare the chatbots of Facebook and WeChat. Which has more functionalities?
5. Research the role of chatbots in helping patients with dementia.
6.Microsoft partners with the government of Singapore to develop chatbots for e-services. Find out how this is done.
Note: Each question must be answered in 6-7 ines and refernces must be APA cited
.
1. Tell us about yourself and your personal journey that has to .docxstilliegeorgiana
1. Tell us about yourself and your personal journey that has to lead you to the University of the ABC. (Currently, I’m pursuing my masters in IT and next applying for Ph.D. In IT) in same ABC university
2. What are your research interests in the area of information technology? How did you become interested in this area of research?
3. What unique qualities do you think you have that will help you in being successful in this program? (Ph.D. IT Program)
4. How can obtaining a doctorate impact your contribution to the practices of information technology? Where do you see yourself after obtaining a doctorate from ABC?
.
1. Tell us what characteristics of Loma Linda University are particu.docxstilliegeorgiana
1. Tell us what characteristics of Loma Linda University are particularly attractive and meaningful to you and why you have chosen to apply for advanced education.
(500 words)
2.
LLU believes deeply in integrating spiritual values into the educational experience. As a result, religion courses and chapel attendance are part of the curriculum. Tell us why you believe such a faith-based education would be of special benefit to you. (500 words)
3.
Tell us the desirable qualities that you see in yourself that you believe would aid us in considering your application. (1000 words)
4. Discuss how your spiritual origins, development, and experience have influenced and been integrated into your daily life. (1000 words)
.
1. Tell us about yourself and your personal journey that has lea.docxstilliegeorgiana
1. Tell us about yourself and your personal journey that has lead you to University of the Cumberlands.
2. What are your research interests in the area of information technology? How did you become interested in this area of research?
3. What is your current job/career and how will this program impact your career growth?
4. What unique qualities do you think you have that will help you in being successful in this program?
5. How can obtaining a doctorate impact your contribution to the practices of information technology? Where do you see yourself after obtaining a doctorate from UC?
.
1. The Research paper will come in five parts. The instructions are.docxstilliegeorgiana
1. The Research paper will come in five parts. The instructions are:
RESEARCH PAPER TOPIC
Impact of Women in Missions History
o
Part 2:
Refined topic, edited abstract, outline, and ten sources - Students will incorporate any changes to topic, outline the paper, write questions to be answered by the research, and submit ten sources. Submit Part 2 by 11:59 p.m. (ET) on Sunday of Module/Week 3.
Note:
Some will need to limit their topic. Others will need to expand their topic. This process should begin this week and continue until the final project is submitted.
DUE SUNDAY, MAY 31ST
o
Part 3:
Introduction and first five pages - Students will submit the introduction and first five pages of the research paper. Submit Part 3 by 11:59 p.m. (ET) on Sunday of Module/Week 4.
DUE FRIDAY, JUNE 5TH
o
Part 4:
Introduction and first ten pages - Students will submit introduction and first ten pages, incorporating changes made to initial submission. Submit Part 4 by 11:59 p.m. (ET) on Sunday of Module/Week 5.
DUE FRIDAY, JUNE 12TH
o
Part 5:
Complete research paper - Students will submit the complete research paper. The paper will be 5000-6000 words in the body of the paper, with a minimum of ten academic resources cited. Submit Part 5 by 11:59 p.m. (ET) on Sunday of Module/Week 7
DUE FRIDAY, JUNE 19TH
.
1. The minutiae points located on a fingerprint will help determine .docxstilliegeorgiana
1. The minutiae points located on a fingerprint will help determine the _________________ of a fingerprint since it has been empirically demonstrated that no two fingerprints are alike.
2. A fingerprint will remain ______________ during an individual's lifetime.
3. The epidermis is the outer layer of the skin, while the ___________ is the inner layer of the skin.
4. The ____________ is formed by ridges entering from one side of the print, rising and falling, and exiting on the opposite side (like a wave).
5. Level 2 includes locating and comparing _________________
.
1. The initial post is to be posted first and have 300-500 words.docxstilliegeorgiana
1. The initial post is to be posted first and have 300-500 words
· The original post is substantive, showing depth of knowledge on the topic and requires 2 references. References are from LDRS 300 course text or readings.
· Substantive replies occur under two or more different threads, other than that belonging to you.
· Response posts to peers' original postings are respectful, show clear synthesis and evaluation of the content read, and provides depth, breath, or new insight to the topic.
· Be clearly written and contain no APA/spelling/grammatical errors
Use
APA Citations for all your sources and include an APA References list. (No Title Page, or other APA formatting is required)
Spelling and Grammar is important.
Discussion Question: Servant Leadership in a movie, book, or drama film you have enjoyed.
Based on our readings from
Lead Like Jesus
(Blanchard, Hodges, & Hendry, 2016),
Jesus on Leadership (Wilkes, 1998)
and thus far in the lectures of LDRS 300;
A Servant Leader models Jesus by having the following leadership traits
:
1. Followership.
2. Greatness in Service.
3. Takes Risks.
4. Shares Responsibility and Authority.
5. Practices
one of
the Being Habits or Doing Habits.
6. Embodies the Vision, Mission, and Values of the group.
7. Is a Performance Coach.
8. Displays Lessons Learned from The Work of a Carpenter.
Choose a character from a movie and discuss the following two questions.
1.
How did the character display TWO (2) traits of a Servant Leader like Jesus from the list above?
1.
Give
2 examples from the movie to support your position.
2. H
ow would you describe the EGO of this character in terms of the two ways EGO is discussed in this class? (
Edging God Out
Verses
Exalting God Only
)
1.
Give at least 2 examples from the movie to support your position.
.
1. The key elements of supplier measurement are quality, delivery, a.docxstilliegeorgiana
1. The key elements of supplier measurement are quality, delivery, and price. On the surface this appears to be a simple matter, but what are the complicating factors?
2. David Atkinson, the founder and Managing Director of Four Pillars, a management consulting and training company, states that “supplier relationship management is . . . process-focused. It’s a lot more about how the organization systematically plans, than it is about an ’interpersonal’ skill set of the procurement person or relationship manager.” Do you agree or disagree with this statement?
3. Supplier performance measurement is an essential lever for successful supplier management that encompasses both pre- and post-contract management. From this vantage point, how would you distinguish the focuses of supplier performance measurement undertaken pre-contract stage versus post-contract stage?
.
1. Search the Internet and locate an article that relates to the top.docxstilliegeorgiana
1. Search the Internet and locate an article that relates to the topic of HACKING and summarize the reading in your own words. Your summary should be 2-3 paragraphs in length and uploaded as a TEXT DOCUMENT.
2. Do you feel the benefits of cloud computing are worth the threats and vulnerabilities? Have we arrived at a point where we can trust external agencies to secure our most precious data? Please explain your answer.
3. In a few short paragraphs, explain which cloud services you use (Google, Amazon, iCloud, Verizon, Microsoft One, Dropbox, etc) and what type of information you store (docs, photos, music, other files?). How much space do you have and what does this cost per month?
.
1. Text mining – Text mining or text data mining is a process to e.docxstilliegeorgiana
1. Text mining – Text mining or text data mining is a process to extract high-quality information from the text. It is done through patterns and trends devised using statistical pattern learning. Firstly, the input data is structured. After structuring, patterns are derived from this structured data and finally, the output is evaluated and interpreted. The main applications of text mining include competitive intelligence, E-Discovery, National Security, and social media monitoring. It is a trending topic for the thesis in data mining.
Some research needs
Problem definition – In the first phase problem definition is listed i.e. business aims and objectives are determined taking into consideration certain factors like the current background and future prospective.
Data exploration – Required data is collected and explored using various statistical methods along with identification of underlying problems.
Data preparation – The data is prepared for modeling by cleansing and formatting the raw data in the desired way. The meaning of data is not changed while preparing.
Modeling – In this phase the data model is created by applying certain mathematical functions and modeling techniques. After the model is created it goes through validation and verification.
Evaluation – After the model is created, it is evaluated by a team of experts to check whether it satisfies business objectives or not.
Deployment – After evaluation, the model is deployed and further plans are made for its maintenance. A properly organized report is prepared with the summary of the work done.
Research paper Policy
· APA format
. https://apastyle.apa.org/
. https://owl.purdue.edu/owl/research_and_citation/apa_style/apa_formatting_and_style_guide/general_format.html
· Min number of pages are 15 pages
· Must have
. Contents with page numbers
. Abstract
. Introduction
. The problem
4. Are there any sub-problems?
4. Is there any issue need to be present concerning the problem?
. The solutions
5. Steps of the solutions
. Compare the solution to other solution
. Any suggestion to improve the solution
. Conclusion
. References
· Missing one of the above will result -5/30 of the research paper
· Paper does not stick to the APA will result in 0 in the research paper
Spring 2020 Name: ______________________________
MATH 175 – Test 2 (Show Your Work )
7. Given
5
cos2
18
q
=-
and
180270
q
<<
oo
, find values of
sin
q
and
cos
q
.
8. Verify that each of the following is a trigonometric identity.
22
1sin
sec2sectantan
1sin
q
qqqq
q
-
=-+
+
9. Give the exact value of
4
cos2arctan
3
æö
ç÷
èø
without using a calculator.
10. Solve
2cos2cos2
qq
=
for all exact solutions in degrees.
PAGE
1
_1234567891.unknown
_1234567893.unknown
_1234567895.unknown
_1234567896.unknown
_1234567894.unknown
_1234567892.unknown
_1234567890.unknown
Information Systems for Business and Beyond (2019)
Information System.
1. Students need to review 3 different social media platforms that a.docxstilliegeorgiana
1. Students need to review 3 different social media platforms that are not mainstream.
a. TikTok
b. Lasso
c. Vero
d. Steemit
e. Caffeine
f. Houseparty
g. Amazon Spark
h. Anchor
i. Facebook for Creators
j. Foursquare Swarm
k. Facecast
l. Google My Business
m. Reddit
2. Provide background of how the platform started, who owns them and how big of a following they have?
3. What are the platforms demographics?
4. Strategies and Tools/Platforms – Strengths, Opportunities for Improvement, and recommendation for each platform.
5. Monitoring and Measuring what to measure? What analytics? What tools to use?
6. What companies are currently posting on this platform?
7. Develop 2 case examples of how companies are using this platform to engage with their customers? Include images of posts.
.
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
Honest Reviews of Tim Han LMA Course Program.pptxtimhan337
Personal development courses are widely available today, with each one promising life-changing outcomes. Tim Han’s Life Mastery Achievers (LMA) Course has drawn a lot of interest. In addition to offering my frank assessment of Success Insider’s LMA Course, this piece examines the course’s effects via a variety of Tim Han LMA course reviews and Success Insider comments.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptxRaedMohamed3
An EFL lesson about the current events in Palestine. It is intended to be for intermediate students who wish to increase their listening skills through a short lesson in power point.
Biological screening of herbal drugs: Introduction and Need for
Phyto-Pharmacological Screening, New Strategies for evaluating
Natural Products, In vitro evaluation techniques for Antioxidants, Antimicrobial and Anticancer drugs. In vivo evaluation techniques
for Anti-inflammatory, Antiulcer, Anticancer, Wound healing, Antidiabetic, Hepatoprotective, Cardio protective, Diuretics and
Antifertility, Toxicity studies as per OECD guidelines
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
1. Provide three differential diagnoses based on Janet’s subjective .docx
1. 1. Provide three differential diagnoses based on Janet’s
subjective and objective data and discuss your reasoning for
each.
Hay fever, food allergies and viral infection that presents as a
cold with allergic symptoms would be the top three indications
based off of the signs and symptoms being presented by Janet
(Mayo Clinic, 2019b). Hay fever causes seasonal allergies along
with a clear runny nose, post-nasal drip and irritated nares.
Food allergies can cause eczema and allergic symptoms
affecting the ear note and throat (Mayo Clinic, 2017). A viral
infection such as the common cold can also exacerbate a runny
nose, sneezing, post-nasal drainage and inflamed lymph nodes
(Mayo Clinic, 2019a).
2. What additional history questions would be useful in your
evaluation of Janet?
You can ask valid questions such like when did the symptoms
begin? Have you been around anyone else who is sick? What
makes the symptoms worse? Have you had a recent in change in
environment or food? What makes the symptoms seem worse or
better? Have you tried taking any medication and if so, what has
worked/not worked? Does anyone in your family suffer from
any allergies? Have you had seasonal/food allergies ever
checked?
3. Discuss the pathophysiological process of your primary
diagnosis.
Janet is suffering from Hay fever during the changes in seasons
during Spring and Fall which is when pollen counts are
elevated. According to Mayo Clinic (2019) Hay fever, also
called allergic rhinitis, causes cold-like signs and symptoms,
such as a runny nose, itchy eyes, congestion, sneezing and sinus
2. pressure. But unlike a cold, hay fever isn't caused by a virus.
Hay fever is caused by an allergic response to outdoor or indoor
allergens, such as pollen, dust mites, or tiny flecks of skin and
saliva shed by cats, dogs, and other animals with fur or feathers
(pet dander).
4. Differentiate the types of hypersensitivity mechanisms.
Type I hypersensitivity is also known as immediate or
anaphylactic hypersensitivity. The reaction may involve skin
(urticaria and eczema), eyes (conjunctivitis), nasopharynx
(rhinorrhoea, rhinitis), bronchopulmonary tissues (asthma) and
gastrointestinal tract (gastroenteritis). The reaction may cause a
range of symptoms from minor inconvenience to death. The
reaction usually takes 15 - 30 minutes from the time of exposure
to the antigen, although sometimes it may have a delayed onset
of 10-12 hours (Ghaffar, 2016).
Type II hypersensitivities are also known as cytotoxic
hypersensitivities and may affect a variety of organs and
tissues. The antigens are normally endogenous, although
exogenous chemicals (haptens) which can attach to cell
membranes and lead to type II hypersensitivity. Drug-induced
hemolyticanemia, granulocytopenia and thrombocytopenia are
examples. The reaction time is minutes to hours. Type II
hypersensitivity are primarily mediated by antibodies of the
IgM or IgG classes and complement. Phagocytes and K cells
may also play a role (Ghaffar, 2016).
Type III hypersensitivity is also known as immune complex
hypersensitivity. The reaction may be general such as serum
sickness or may involve individual organs including skin like
systemic lupus erythematosus, an Arthur reaction, kidneys,
lupus-nephritis, lungs-aspergillosis, blood vessels-polyarteritis,
joints-rheumatoid arthritis, or other organs. This reaction may
be the pathogenic mechanism of diseases caused by many
3. microorganisms.
Type IV hypersensitivity is involved in the pathogenesis of
many autoimmune and infectious diseases (tuberculosis,
leprosy, blastomycosis, histoplasmosis, toxoplasmosis,
leishmaniasis, etc.) and granulomas due to infections and
foreign antigens. Another form of delayed hypersensitivity is
contact dermatitis such as with poison ivy, and heavy metals
(Ghaffar, 2016).
5. As per your analysis, what type of hypersensitivity reaction
is Janet experiencing?
Allergic disorders (type I hypersensitivity) associated with
asthma, hay fever, and drug reactions, as well as parasitic
infections (particularly with metazoan parasites) are often cited
as causes. Allergic reactions can present as the patient having
and increased number in eosinophilia is an absolute increase
(more than 450/μL) in the total numbers of circulating
eosinophils (McCance&Huether, 2014).
References
Ghaffar, A. (2016, April 2).
Hypersensitivity reactions.
Retrieved from
http://www.microbiologybook.org/ghaffar/hyper00.htm
Mayo Clinic. (2019, April 20).
Common cold Symptoms and causes.
Retrieved from https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-
conditions/common-cold/symptoms-causes/syc-20351605
Mayo Clinic. (2017, May 2).
Food allergy Symptoms and causes.
