1. Peter Grant - the evolutionary biologist who has studied finches .pdf
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1. Peter Grant - the evolutionary biologist who has studied finches on Daphne Major (an island in the Galapagos) for several decades - collected data on birds\' beak sizes, weight, diet and mating behavior to test his hypotheses. This kind of data is an example of: 2. In the video \"How Does Evolution Really Work?\", biologists described an example where the length of individual hummingbird beaks grew longer in response to changes in their food source (flowers). True False 3 The observation that the individuals possessing favorable traits are more likely to survive and reproduce than those possessing less favorable traits is the basis for: 4. Which one of the following descriptions, pertaining to a scientific hypothesis or theory, is NOT true? 5. Which of the following is involved in the scientific method (MARK ALL THAT APPLY)? making observations 6. Due to ___________________, \"bad science” (e.g. fake data or fake results) is eventually discovered and revealed. powerful police forces 7. Darwin\'s Hypothesis of Evolution by Natural Selection included the observation that populations often grow faster than the food supply and therefore individuals need to compete for resources. Darwin borrowed this idea from the work of: 8. Lamarck\'s \"Inheritance of Acquired Characteristics\" can best be described as: disease and starvation are required to keep population size in check 9. Aristotle and other early philosophers believed that species were \"immutable\" or \"fixed\", which means: species are always changing species don\'t change over timeA.taxonomy B.artificial selectionC.empirical evidenceD.non-factual informationE.a belief Solution 1)B)Artificial Selection as it tells about the way birds survive and their mating. 2)True yes it is rightly stated. 3)D)Natural selection which says traits move from one generation to other. and the ones with more traits survive more than other here. 4)E)it must deal with evidence that is empirical (i.e. the kind that can be observed).
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Evolutionary genetics - Theories,
Overview
In simpler terms, Evolutionary Genetics is the study to understand how genetic
variation leads to evolutionary change.
Evolutionary Genetics attempts to account for evolution in terms of changes in gene
and genotype frequencies within populations and the processes that convert the
variation with populations into more or less permanent variation between species.
The central challenge of Evolutionary Genetics is to describe how the evolutionary
forces shape the patterns of biodiversity.
Evolutionary Genetics majorly deals with;
a. Evolution of genome structure
b. The genetic basis of speciation and adaptation
c. Genetic change in response to selection within populations
History of genetics. Bio 212
Some references are coming from the internet, i just copied it.. credits to the owner. some information are not mine as well as the slide i just download it from the internet. My report in my Masters.
Recommended
Evolutionary genetics - Theories,
Overview
In simpler terms, Evolutionary Genetics is the study to understand how genetic
variation leads to evolutionary change.
Evolutionary Genetics attempts to account for evolution in terms of changes in gene
and genotype frequencies within populations and the processes that convert the
variation with populations into more or less permanent variation between species.
The central challenge of Evolutionary Genetics is to describe how the evolutionary
forces shape the patterns of biodiversity.
Evolutionary Genetics majorly deals with;
a. Evolution of genome structure
b. The genetic basis of speciation and adaptation
c. Genetic change in response to selection within populations
History of genetics. Bio 212
Some references are coming from the internet, i just copied it.. credits to the owner. some information are not mine as well as the slide i just download it from the internet. My report in my Masters.
Question 1What is biological evolutionthe development of tr.docx
Question 1
What is biological evolution?
the development of traits that organisms need in order to become more complex
gene changes in populations over many generations
the change that occurs in individuals as they try to survive in their environment
the steps by which the first life was created on earth from random molecules
Question 2
Which of the following BEST describes why the process of evolution is easier to study in fruit flies than in birds?
Fruit flies have a much shorter generation time than birds.
Fruit flies are smaller than birds.
Fruit flies have a simpler diet than birds.
Fruit flies do not live as long as birds.
Question 3
Which of the following groupings is the MOST appropriate according to the classification system developed by Linnaeus?
Group 1: whale, giant fruit bat, giant walking stick (an insect); Group 2: penguin, ostrich, human; Group 3: hummingbird, bee, water strider bug
Group 1: penguin, ostrich, hummingbird; Group 2: water strider bug, giant walking stick (an insect); Group 3: whale, human, giant fruit bat
Group 1: hummingbird, ostrich, bee; Group 2: whale, human, penguin; Group 3: giant walking stick (an insect), water strider bug, giant fruit bat
Group 1: penguin, water strider bug, whale; Group 2: ostrich, giant walking stick (an insect), human; Group 3: hummingbird, bee, giant fruit bat
Question 4
Polar bears from the Arctic do not produce offspring with the speckled bear of South America due to:
temporal isolation.
gamete incompatibility.
behavioral isolation.
spatial isolation.
Question 5
Which of the following statements BEST describes the current knowledge about Earth's biodiversity?
It is relatively common for scientists to discover new or fossil organisms that are completely different from other organisms.
Most species that have existed on Earth are alive today.
There is uncertainty about the diversity within various species.
Scientists generally agree that most species have been identified.
Question 6
Put the following in order of most inclusive to specific.
Species
Domain
Kingdom
Phyla
Genus
uestion 7
Match the following terms to the definition or example. Not every definition will be used.
Animalia
Bacteria
Viruses
Protista
Fungi
A.
nonliving microbes
B.
most diverse kingdom
C.
eukaryotic, multicellular organisms such as mushrooms
D.
eukaryotic, multicellular organisms such as mammals
E.
prokaryotes such as E. coli
F.
eukaryotic, multicellular organisms that make their own food
Question 8
Match the following terms to the definition or example. Not every definition will be used.
Diatoms
Cnidaria
Tapeworm
Earthworm
Arthropods
Vertebrates
Plants
Algae
Yeast
Mold
A.
Only protists that produce their own food
B.
Parasitic flatworms
C.
Single cells that produce a glass shell
D.
Provide drugs like aspirin and digitali
E.
Animals without backbones
F.
One of the most commercially important fungal forms
G.
Produces the flavor of cheese
H.
...
I EvolutionIf I have seen further it is by standing on th
I: Evolution
If I have seen further it is by standing on the shoulders of Giants.
-- Sir Isaac Newton
1
Theories in Science
In the context of scientific inquiry, a theory is:
A conceptual framework supported by a large body of evidence
Broader in scope than a hypothesis. A theory ties information together and leads to specific testable hypotheses
In other words, a theory is a big deal in science, NOT a synonym for guessing
2
2
3
(This used to be a joke, but I’m not laughing anymore.)
3
Historical Overview
What can explain both the unity and diversity of life on Earth?
Organic evolution: genetically based change over time. It acts on individuals in the present, but only manifests in the population over generations.
Natural Selection: mechanism causing the match between organisms and their environment (adaptive evolution = adaptation)
4
4
Traditional views involved unchanging and perfect species inhabiting a young Earth (Old Testament, Linnaeus, etc.)
The emergence of paleontology and geology helped lay the groundwork for Darwin’s contributions
Other areas of research also influenced his thinking, including studies on human population growth
6
6
Fig. 22-2
American Revolution
French Revolution
U.S. Civil War
1900
1850
1800
1750
1795
1809
1798
1830
1831–1836
1837
1859
1837
1844
1858
The Origin of Species is published.
Wallace sends his hypothesis to Darwin.
Darwin begins his notebooks.
Darwin writes essay on descent with modification.
Darwin travels around the world on HMS Beagle.
Malthus publishes “Essay on the Principle of Population.”
Lyell publishes Principles of Geology.
Lamarck publishes his hypothesis of evolution.
Hutton proposes his theory of gradualism.
Linnaeus (classification)
Cuvier (fossils, extinction)
Malthus (population limits)
Lamarck (species can change)
Hutton (gradual geologic change)
Lyell (modern geology)
Darwin (evolution, natural selection)
Wallace (evolution, natural selection)
7
7
Younger stratum
with more recent
fossils
Layers of deposited
sediment
Older stratum
with older fossils
8
8
Several 18th century naturalists (including Erasmus Darwin) suggested life evolves as environments change
Jean-Baptiste Lamarck hypothesized that species evolve through use and disuse of body parts and subsequent inheritance of acquired characteristics
This mechanism is unsupported by evidence (e.g., even if you and your mate lost the same finger, your children would still be born with all ten), but it did refocus subsequent research
Lamarck’s Hypothesis
9
9
10
The miniature phenotype of Bonsai trees is caused by manipulations of a bonsai master, not genetics. Would the next generation still be stunted if we planted their seeds and allowed them to grow naturally?
11
12
After first studying medicine, then theology at Cambridge, Darwin took an unpaid position as naturalist for a 5-year voyage around the world
During his travels on HMS Beagle, he collected thousa ...
1- What is natural selection- A- The process whereby organisms better.docx
1. What is natural selection? A. The process whereby organisms better adapted to their environment tend to survive and produce more offspring. 8. Change in the heritable characteristics of biological populations over several generations. C. Change in the frequency of alleles in a population due to random factors. D. The process whereby humans select organisms for preferred traits, allowing only those individuals with the most desirable traits to reproduce. 2. Which of these most accurately describes the field of animal behavior? A. Animal behavior is the interface between and organism and its environment. B. Animal behavior should never be used to try to understand human behavior. C. All animal behavior research is basic scientific research and serves no applied benefit. D. Animal behavior is a field of research that is only applicable to vertebrate species. 3. "If female guppies with red caudal fins (i.e., "tail" fins) produce more eggs than females with orange ones, then the red fin is an evolved adaptation." This statement A. is true, becatuse this species has variation, a critical requirement for the evolution of adaptations by natural selection. B. is false, because females with orange caudal fins could still have more offspring that live to reproduce than females with red fins. C. could be true or false, because we cannot tell without knowing whether females with red fins outnumber orange-finned females in this species. D. is false, because there is no guarantee that females with red caudal fins are the strongest of this species. 4. Which of the following is NOT a benefit we gain from conducting basic biological research? A. Basic science expands our total knowledge, from which new important discoveries can be made. B. Basic scientific often conducted. C. Basic science can answer fundamental questions about our world and have wide-ranging jpplications that are sometimes unknown
.
Firefly luciferase is a commonly used reporter gene. The gene origina.pdf
Firefly luciferase is a commonly used reporter gene. The gene originates from fireflies (a type of
beetle) and when it combines with its substrate, luciferin, light is produced. Luciferin is very
expensive to purchase. You would therefore like to figure out the biosynthetic pathway for
making luciferin so that you can get bacteria to make luciferin. This will enable you pay off all
your college loans! You have obtained 5 mutant firefly stocks that each fail to glow at night.
The flies in each stock have the wild type luciferase gene but ultimately fail to make the luciferin
substrate. Each stock has a unique mutation in one of the genes required to make luciferin. You
know that the biosynthesis of luciferin involves 5 intermediate compounds: A, B, C, D, and E.
However, you do not know the order that these compounds appear in the pathway. When you
feed these intermediate compounds to the mutant fireflies, they sometimes are able glow (+) and
sometimes still cannot glow (-). However, when you feed the mutant fireflies luciferin, they
always glow. Based on the results in the table above, write the biosynthetic pathway for
luciferin, showing the order of the intermediates (A-E) and the genes (M1-M5) required to
convert each intermediate to the next in the pathway.
Solution
This is a probem, where in you can get the answer by the means of trial and error.
Now that we have all pieces to this puzzle, lets join them.
E>B>D>C>A this is the pathway in the production of Luciferase..
Find all hazards in this circuit. Redesign the circuit as a three-le.pdf
Find all hazards in this circuit. Redesign the circuit as a three-level NOR circuit that is free of
all hazards Show how four 2-to-1 and one 4-to-1 multiplexers could be connected to form an 8-
to-1 MUX with three control inputs
Solution
1 University of Wisconsin - Madison ECE/Comp Sci 352 Digital Systems Fundamentals Charles
R. Kime Section 2 – Fall 2001 Chapter 2 – Combinational Logic Circuits – Part 7 Charles Kime
& Thomas Kaminski © 2001 Prentice Hall, Inc Logic and Computer Design Fundamentals Logic
and Computer Design Fundamentals © 2001 Prentice Hall, Inc Chapter 2-Part 7 2 NAND and
NOR Implementation We found that we could implement general Boolean equations with these
three primitives: • AND • OR • NOT In this section we will find that either of two gates, the
NAND gate or the NOR gate can be used to implement arbitrary logic functions. We use the
Positive Logic Convention (where all signals are active high) and a small circle to on a symbol to
represent NOT or invert. 2 Logic and Computer Design Fundamentals © 2001 Prentice Hall, Inc
Chapter 2-Part 7 3 NAND Gates The basic positive logic NAND gate is denoted by the
following symbol: • AND-Invert (NAND) NAND comes from NOT AND, I. e., the AND
function with a NOT applied. We call this symbol for a NAND gate an AND-Invert. The small
circle represents the invert function. If we apply DeMorgan\'s Law we get: X Y Z X YZ = X +
Y + Z F(X, Y,Z) = X Y Z Logic and Computer Design Fundamentals © 2001 Prentice Hall, Inc
Chapter 2-Part 7 4 NAND Gates (Cont.) Applying DeMorgan\'s Law gives: • Invert-OR
(NAND) We call this symbol for a NAND gate the Invert - OR since all inputs are inverted,
followed by the OR function. Both symbols represent the NAND gate - it is sometimes more
logically descriptive to use one form over the other. A NAND gate with one input degenerates to
an inverter. X Y Z F(X, Y,Z) = X + Y + Z 3 Logic and Computer Design Fundamentals © 2001
Prentice Hall, Inc Chapter 2-Part 7 5 NAND Function Implementation NAND gates can
implement a simplified Sum-ofProducts form. Constructing two level NAND-NAND gate
circuit: The first level is two 2-input NAND gates using ANDInvert. The second level is one 2-
input NAND gate using Invert-OR. Using the NAND relationship, we have: G(A,B,C,D) = AB
CD = AB + CD = A B + CD A B C D G(A,B,C,D) = AB + CD Logic and Computer Design
Fundamentals © 2001 Prentice Hall, Inc Chapter 2-Part 7 6 NAND Implementation (Cont.) In
the implementation, note that the bubbles are on opposite ends of the same line. Thus, they can
be combined and deleted: A B C D G(A,B,C,D) This form of the implementation is the Sum-of-
Products form. 4 Logic and Computer Design Fundamentals © 2001 Prentice Hall, Inc Chapter
2-Part 7 7 NAND Implementation (Cont.) In the implementation, the bubbles are on opposite
ends of the same line. By , they can be combined and deleted: A sum-of-products (SOP) form
results To implement an equation like: F(A,B,C) = A + BC, the NAND for A degenerates t.
Fergie has the choice between investing in State of New York bond at.pdf
Fergie has the choice between investing in State of New York bond at 10.2 percent and a
Surething bond at 11.5 percent. Assuming that both bonds have the same nontax characteristics
and that Fergie has a 30 percent marginal tax rate, in which bond should she invest?
Solution
After tax rate of return for Surething bond =11.5(1-0.3)=8.05%
Hence since State of New York bond has a higher rate of return;State of New York bond bond
must be invested upon..
Explain the “life” of a secreted protein molecule - trace the pathwa.pdf
Explain the “life” of a secreted protein molecule - trace the pathway in a cell by which a secreted
protein, such as an antibody, would be produced in an animal cell, starting in the nucleus.
Solution
Cells secrete proteins for their own cytosol or for release into surrounding extracellular fluid.
These secretions may include various hormones, digestive enzymes, antibodies, mucus etc.
The transcription process (conversion of DNA to mRNA) occurs inside the nucleus. This newly
formed mRNA is translated into proteins in the cytosol at cellular structures called ribosomes.the
ribosome remains in the cytosol if the protein has to be used within the cell, whereas if it is
destined for secretion outside the cell, the signal sequence (first few amino acids) is synthesized
on the ribosome and then the ribosome docks at the rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) for
completion of protein synthesis. Proteins enter and cross endoplasmic recticulum (ER)
membrane co-translationally (i.e., they cross ER during synthesis of polypeptide). In the lumen
of ER, proteins undergo glycosylation and molecular chaperones aid in the process of protein
folding. Misfolded proteins are retrotranslocated to the cytosol, where they are degraded by a
proteasome action.
The vesicles with correctly folded proteins then enter the golgi appratus where further
posttranslational modifications occur including cleavage and functionalization. When the protein
moves through the entire Golgi apparatus, it buds off as secretion vesicles. Now, with the help of
cell\'s cytoskeleton, it moves towards the edge of the cell and attaches itself to the membrane.
Eventually, vesicle fuses with the cell membrane releasing its contents out of the cell through
the process of exocytosis.
This secretion pathway is followed for all protein molecules including antibodies..
7. Using to Table 1 to assist you, explain the rational for the diver.pdf
7. Using to Table 1 to assist you, explain the rational for the diversity of the mycobiome, as
compared to the number of bacterial species identified in the lungs of CF patients. This should be
a full paragraph, not one or two sentences.
Solution
From the tabulated data given, it can be clearly noticed that majority of the population suffers
from ascomycete infections. Particularly, the most infectious species can be identified as
Candida albicans followed by C. dubliniensis. Saccharomyces cerevisiae infections are also very
high followed by C. parapsilosis and C. glabrata. Other types of infections are also evident in
patients but these organisms remain the most frequent infective agents for patients with cystic
fibrosis.
Since all of these microbes spread the disease from one organism to another, they are highly
communicable in nature. Also, since very high frequency of some of the species can be noticed
from the data, it is also suggested that the infections are opportunistic in nature i.e. they will
infect the individual as soon as his immunity against these microbes is minimized. Importantly,
since a huge population is suffering form nearly similar kind of infections, it can be suggested
that fixation of these microbial infections is possible in this population which can be clinically
deleterious in advanced stages because eradication of these microbes using multiple antibiotic
treatment would be difficult.
Hence, it can be evaluated from the data that the statisitical figures are clinically alarming and
demand immediate attention..
A. list two vertebrae that spinal nerve t12 travels between .pdf
A. list two vertebrae that spinal nerve t12 travels between
B. Define the function of ground substance in connective tissue proper.
A. list two vertebrae that spinal nerve t12 travels between
B. Define the function of ground substance in connective tissue proper.
B. Define the function of ground substance in connective tissue proper.
Solution
A. Two vertebrae that spinal nerve t12 travels between are-cervical spine vertebrae and lumbar
spine vertebrae
B. Groud substance is an amorphous gel-like substance present in the connective tissue proper,
which surrounds the cells. Glycoproteins and Hydrophilic muco-polysacharides present in the
ground substance attract water to induce variation in viscosity. Groud substance of all connective
tissue proper make intimate contact with the cells. Hence, these cells doesnot occupy distinct
space within the matrix..
Do people from different cultures experience emotions differently O.pdf
Do people from different cultures experience emotions differently? One study designed to
examine this question collected data from 411 college students from five different cultures. The
participants were asked to record, on a 1 (never) to 7 (always) scale, how much of the time they
typically felt eight specific emotions. These were averaged to produce the global emotion score
for each participant. Here is a summary of this measure:
Note that the convention of giving the standard deviations in parentheses after the means saves a
great deal of space in a table such as this. (a) The ANOVA F statistic was reported as 5.57. Give
the degrees of freedom and either an approximate (from Table E) or an exact (from software) P-
value. Sketch a picture of the F distribution that illustrates the P-value. (Round your
P-value to four decimal places.)
What do you conclude?
We have strong evidence at the 5% level that the means are not all the same.
We have no evidence at the 5% level that the means are different.
(b) Without doing any additional formal analysis, describe the pattern in the means that appears
to be responsible for your conclusion in part (a). Are there pairs of means that are quite similar?
European Americans have the highest emotion scores, Indians are in the middle, and the other
three cultures are lowest.
Hispanic Americans have the highest emotion scores, Japanese are in the middle, and the other
three cultures are lowest.
Japanese have the highest emotion scores, Hispanic Americans are in the middle, and the other
three cultures are lowest.
Asian Americans have the highest emotion scores, Japanese are in the middle, and the other
three cultures are lowest.
European Americans have the highest emotion scores, Hispanic Americans are in the middle,
and the other three cultures are lowest. Culture n Mean (s)European American
Asian American
Japanese
Indian
Hispanic American48
32
91
160
804.39 (1.01)
4.35 (1.18)
4.71 (1.13)
4.34 (1.26)
5.04 (1.16)
Solution
(a) numerator df= 5-1=4
denominator df = 48+32+91+160+80-5 =406
P-value = P(F with df=4 and df=406 >5.57 ) =0.0002 (from F table)
We have strong evidence at the 5% level that the means are not all the same.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(b)Hispanic Americans have the highest emotion scores, Japanese are in the middle, and the
other three cultures are lowest..
More Related Content
Similar to 1. Peter Grant - the evolutionary biologist who has studied finches .pdf
Question 1What is biological evolutionthe development of tr.docx
Question 1
What is biological evolution?
the development of traits that organisms need in order to become more complex
gene changes in populations over many generations
the change that occurs in individuals as they try to survive in their environment
the steps by which the first life was created on earth from random molecules
Question 2
Which of the following BEST describes why the process of evolution is easier to study in fruit flies than in birds?
Fruit flies have a much shorter generation time than birds.
Fruit flies are smaller than birds.
Fruit flies have a simpler diet than birds.
Fruit flies do not live as long as birds.
Question 3
Which of the following groupings is the MOST appropriate according to the classification system developed by Linnaeus?
Group 1: whale, giant fruit bat, giant walking stick (an insect); Group 2: penguin, ostrich, human; Group 3: hummingbird, bee, water strider bug
Group 1: penguin, ostrich, hummingbird; Group 2: water strider bug, giant walking stick (an insect); Group 3: whale, human, giant fruit bat
Group 1: hummingbird, ostrich, bee; Group 2: whale, human, penguin; Group 3: giant walking stick (an insect), water strider bug, giant fruit bat
Group 1: penguin, water strider bug, whale; Group 2: ostrich, giant walking stick (an insect), human; Group 3: hummingbird, bee, giant fruit bat
Question 4
Polar bears from the Arctic do not produce offspring with the speckled bear of South America due to:
temporal isolation.
gamete incompatibility.
behavioral isolation.
spatial isolation.
Question 5
Which of the following statements BEST describes the current knowledge about Earth's biodiversity?
It is relatively common for scientists to discover new or fossil organisms that are completely different from other organisms.
Most species that have existed on Earth are alive today.
There is uncertainty about the diversity within various species.
Scientists generally agree that most species have been identified.
Question 6
Put the following in order of most inclusive to specific.
Species
Domain
Kingdom
Phyla
Genus
uestion 7
Match the following terms to the definition or example. Not every definition will be used.
Animalia
Bacteria
Viruses
Protista
Fungi
A.
nonliving microbes
B.
most diverse kingdom
C.
eukaryotic, multicellular organisms such as mushrooms
D.
eukaryotic, multicellular organisms such as mammals
E.
prokaryotes such as E. coli
F.
eukaryotic, multicellular organisms that make their own food
Question 8
Match the following terms to the definition or example. Not every definition will be used.
Diatoms
Cnidaria
Tapeworm
Earthworm
Arthropods
Vertebrates
Plants
Algae
Yeast
Mold
A.
Only protists that produce their own food
B.
Parasitic flatworms
C.
Single cells that produce a glass shell
D.
Provide drugs like aspirin and digitali
E.
Animals without backbones
F.
One of the most commercially important fungal forms
G.
Produces the flavor of cheese
H.
...
I EvolutionIf I have seen further it is by standing on th
I: Evolution
If I have seen further it is by standing on the shoulders of Giants.
-- Sir Isaac Newton
1
Theories in Science
In the context of scientific inquiry, a theory is:
A conceptual framework supported by a large body of evidence
Broader in scope than a hypothesis. A theory ties information together and leads to specific testable hypotheses
In other words, a theory is a big deal in science, NOT a synonym for guessing
2
2
3
(This used to be a joke, but I’m not laughing anymore.)
3
Historical Overview
What can explain both the unity and diversity of life on Earth?
Organic evolution: genetically based change over time. It acts on individuals in the present, but only manifests in the population over generations.
Natural Selection: mechanism causing the match between organisms and their environment (adaptive evolution = adaptation)
4
4
Traditional views involved unchanging and perfect species inhabiting a young Earth (Old Testament, Linnaeus, etc.)
The emergence of paleontology and geology helped lay the groundwork for Darwin’s contributions
Other areas of research also influenced his thinking, including studies on human population growth
6
6
Fig. 22-2
American Revolution
French Revolution
U.S. Civil War
1900
1850
1800
1750
1795
1809
1798
1830
1831–1836
1837
1859
1837
1844
1858
The Origin of Species is published.
Wallace sends his hypothesis to Darwin.
Darwin begins his notebooks.
Darwin writes essay on descent with modification.
Darwin travels around the world on HMS Beagle.
Malthus publishes “Essay on the Principle of Population.”
Lyell publishes Principles of Geology.
Lamarck publishes his hypothesis of evolution.
Hutton proposes his theory of gradualism.
Linnaeus (classification)
Cuvier (fossils, extinction)
Malthus (population limits)
Lamarck (species can change)
Hutton (gradual geologic change)
Lyell (modern geology)
Darwin (evolution, natural selection)
Wallace (evolution, natural selection)
7
7
Younger stratum
with more recent
fossils
Layers of deposited
sediment
Older stratum
with older fossils
8
8
Several 18th century naturalists (including Erasmus Darwin) suggested life evolves as environments change
Jean-Baptiste Lamarck hypothesized that species evolve through use and disuse of body parts and subsequent inheritance of acquired characteristics
This mechanism is unsupported by evidence (e.g., even if you and your mate lost the same finger, your children would still be born with all ten), but it did refocus subsequent research
Lamarck’s Hypothesis
9
9
10
The miniature phenotype of Bonsai trees is caused by manipulations of a bonsai master, not genetics. Would the next generation still be stunted if we planted their seeds and allowed them to grow naturally?
11
12
After first studying medicine, then theology at Cambridge, Darwin took an unpaid position as naturalist for a 5-year voyage around the world
During his travels on HMS Beagle, he collected thousa ...
1- What is natural selection- A- The process whereby organisms better.docx
1. What is natural selection? A. The process whereby organisms better adapted to their environment tend to survive and produce more offspring. 8. Change in the heritable characteristics of biological populations over several generations. C. Change in the frequency of alleles in a population due to random factors. D. The process whereby humans select organisms for preferred traits, allowing only those individuals with the most desirable traits to reproduce. 2. Which of these most accurately describes the field of animal behavior? A. Animal behavior is the interface between and organism and its environment. B. Animal behavior should never be used to try to understand human behavior. C. All animal behavior research is basic scientific research and serves no applied benefit. D. Animal behavior is a field of research that is only applicable to vertebrate species. 3. "If female guppies with red caudal fins (i.e., "tail" fins) produce more eggs than females with orange ones, then the red fin is an evolved adaptation." This statement A. is true, becatuse this species has variation, a critical requirement for the evolution of adaptations by natural selection. B. is false, because females with orange caudal fins could still have more offspring that live to reproduce than females with red fins. C. could be true or false, because we cannot tell without knowing whether females with red fins outnumber orange-finned females in this species. D. is false, because there is no guarantee that females with red caudal fins are the strongest of this species. 4. Which of the following is NOT a benefit we gain from conducting basic biological research? A. Basic science expands our total knowledge, from which new important discoveries can be made. B. Basic scientific often conducted. C. Basic science can answer fundamental questions about our world and have wide-ranging jpplications that are sometimes unknown
.
Similar to 1. Peter Grant - the evolutionary biologist who has studied finches .pdf (15)
Question 1What is biological evolutionthe development of tr.docx
Question 1What is biological evolutionthe development of tr.docx
Lecture1_Genetics_Science-of-Heredity-and-Variation.pdf
Lecture1_Genetics_Science-of-Heredity-and-Variation.pdf
I EvolutionIf I have seen further it is by standing on th
I EvolutionIf I have seen further it is by standing on th
1- What is natural selection- A- The process whereby organisms better.docx
1- What is natural selection- A- The process whereby organisms better.docx
Theories of evolution other than modern synthetic theory
Theories of evolution other than modern synthetic theory
More from Arrowdeepak
Firefly luciferase is a commonly used reporter gene. The gene origina.pdf
Firefly luciferase is a commonly used reporter gene. The gene originates from fireflies (a type of
beetle) and when it combines with its substrate, luciferin, light is produced. Luciferin is very
expensive to purchase. You would therefore like to figure out the biosynthetic pathway for
making luciferin so that you can get bacteria to make luciferin. This will enable you pay off all
your college loans! You have obtained 5 mutant firefly stocks that each fail to glow at night.
The flies in each stock have the wild type luciferase gene but ultimately fail to make the luciferin
substrate. Each stock has a unique mutation in one of the genes required to make luciferin. You
know that the biosynthesis of luciferin involves 5 intermediate compounds: A, B, C, D, and E.
However, you do not know the order that these compounds appear in the pathway. When you
feed these intermediate compounds to the mutant fireflies, they sometimes are able glow (+) and
sometimes still cannot glow (-). However, when you feed the mutant fireflies luciferin, they
always glow. Based on the results in the table above, write the biosynthetic pathway for
luciferin, showing the order of the intermediates (A-E) and the genes (M1-M5) required to
convert each intermediate to the next in the pathway.
Solution
This is a probem, where in you can get the answer by the means of trial and error.
Now that we have all pieces to this puzzle, lets join them.
E>B>D>C>A this is the pathway in the production of Luciferase..
Find all hazards in this circuit. Redesign the circuit as a three-le.pdf
Find all hazards in this circuit. Redesign the circuit as a three-level NOR circuit that is free of
all hazards Show how four 2-to-1 and one 4-to-1 multiplexers could be connected to form an 8-
to-1 MUX with three control inputs
Solution
1 University of Wisconsin - Madison ECE/Comp Sci 352 Digital Systems Fundamentals Charles
R. Kime Section 2 – Fall 2001 Chapter 2 – Combinational Logic Circuits – Part 7 Charles Kime
& Thomas Kaminski © 2001 Prentice Hall, Inc Logic and Computer Design Fundamentals Logic
and Computer Design Fundamentals © 2001 Prentice Hall, Inc Chapter 2-Part 7 2 NAND and
NOR Implementation We found that we could implement general Boolean equations with these
three primitives: • AND • OR • NOT In this section we will find that either of two gates, the
NAND gate or the NOR gate can be used to implement arbitrary logic functions. We use the
Positive Logic Convention (where all signals are active high) and a small circle to on a symbol to
represent NOT or invert. 2 Logic and Computer Design Fundamentals © 2001 Prentice Hall, Inc
Chapter 2-Part 7 3 NAND Gates The basic positive logic NAND gate is denoted by the
following symbol: • AND-Invert (NAND) NAND comes from NOT AND, I. e., the AND
function with a NOT applied. We call this symbol for a NAND gate an AND-Invert. The small
circle represents the invert function. If we apply DeMorgan\'s Law we get: X Y Z X YZ = X +
Y + Z F(X, Y,Z) = X Y Z Logic and Computer Design Fundamentals © 2001 Prentice Hall, Inc
Chapter 2-Part 7 4 NAND Gates (Cont.) Applying DeMorgan\'s Law gives: • Invert-OR
(NAND) We call this symbol for a NAND gate the Invert - OR since all inputs are inverted,
followed by the OR function. Both symbols represent the NAND gate - it is sometimes more
logically descriptive to use one form over the other. A NAND gate with one input degenerates to
an inverter. X Y Z F(X, Y,Z) = X + Y + Z 3 Logic and Computer Design Fundamentals © 2001
Prentice Hall, Inc Chapter 2-Part 7 5 NAND Function Implementation NAND gates can
implement a simplified Sum-ofProducts form. Constructing two level NAND-NAND gate
circuit: The first level is two 2-input NAND gates using ANDInvert. The second level is one 2-
input NAND gate using Invert-OR. Using the NAND relationship, we have: G(A,B,C,D) = AB
CD = AB + CD = A B + CD A B C D G(A,B,C,D) = AB + CD Logic and Computer Design
Fundamentals © 2001 Prentice Hall, Inc Chapter 2-Part 7 6 NAND Implementation (Cont.) In
the implementation, note that the bubbles are on opposite ends of the same line. Thus, they can
be combined and deleted: A B C D G(A,B,C,D) This form of the implementation is the Sum-of-
Products form. 4 Logic and Computer Design Fundamentals © 2001 Prentice Hall, Inc Chapter
2-Part 7 7 NAND Implementation (Cont.) In the implementation, the bubbles are on opposite
ends of the same line. By , they can be combined and deleted: A sum-of-products (SOP) form
results To implement an equation like: F(A,B,C) = A + BC, the NAND for A degenerates t.
Fergie has the choice between investing in State of New York bond at.pdf
Fergie has the choice between investing in State of New York bond at 10.2 percent and a
Surething bond at 11.5 percent. Assuming that both bonds have the same nontax characteristics
and that Fergie has a 30 percent marginal tax rate, in which bond should she invest?
Solution
After tax rate of return for Surething bond =11.5(1-0.3)=8.05%
Hence since State of New York bond has a higher rate of return;State of New York bond bond
must be invested upon..
Explain the “life” of a secreted protein molecule - trace the pathwa.pdf
Explain the “life” of a secreted protein molecule - trace the pathway in a cell by which a secreted
protein, such as an antibody, would be produced in an animal cell, starting in the nucleus.
Solution
Cells secrete proteins for their own cytosol or for release into surrounding extracellular fluid.
These secretions may include various hormones, digestive enzymes, antibodies, mucus etc.
The transcription process (conversion of DNA to mRNA) occurs inside the nucleus. This newly
formed mRNA is translated into proteins in the cytosol at cellular structures called ribosomes.the
ribosome remains in the cytosol if the protein has to be used within the cell, whereas if it is
destined for secretion outside the cell, the signal sequence (first few amino acids) is synthesized
on the ribosome and then the ribosome docks at the rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) for
completion of protein synthesis. Proteins enter and cross endoplasmic recticulum (ER)
membrane co-translationally (i.e., they cross ER during synthesis of polypeptide). In the lumen
of ER, proteins undergo glycosylation and molecular chaperones aid in the process of protein
folding. Misfolded proteins are retrotranslocated to the cytosol, where they are degraded by a
proteasome action.
The vesicles with correctly folded proteins then enter the golgi appratus where further
posttranslational modifications occur including cleavage and functionalization. When the protein
moves through the entire Golgi apparatus, it buds off as secretion vesicles. Now, with the help of
cell\'s cytoskeleton, it moves towards the edge of the cell and attaches itself to the membrane.
Eventually, vesicle fuses with the cell membrane releasing its contents out of the cell through
the process of exocytosis.
This secretion pathway is followed for all protein molecules including antibodies..
7. Using to Table 1 to assist you, explain the rational for the diver.pdf
7. Using to Table 1 to assist you, explain the rational for the diversity of the mycobiome, as
compared to the number of bacterial species identified in the lungs of CF patients. This should be
a full paragraph, not one or two sentences.
Solution
From the tabulated data given, it can be clearly noticed that majority of the population suffers
from ascomycete infections. Particularly, the most infectious species can be identified as
Candida albicans followed by C. dubliniensis. Saccharomyces cerevisiae infections are also very
high followed by C. parapsilosis and C. glabrata. Other types of infections are also evident in
patients but these organisms remain the most frequent infective agents for patients with cystic
fibrosis.
Since all of these microbes spread the disease from one organism to another, they are highly
communicable in nature. Also, since very high frequency of some of the species can be noticed
from the data, it is also suggested that the infections are opportunistic in nature i.e. they will
infect the individual as soon as his immunity against these microbes is minimized. Importantly,
since a huge population is suffering form nearly similar kind of infections, it can be suggested
that fixation of these microbial infections is possible in this population which can be clinically
deleterious in advanced stages because eradication of these microbes using multiple antibiotic
treatment would be difficult.
Hence, it can be evaluated from the data that the statisitical figures are clinically alarming and
demand immediate attention..
A. list two vertebrae that spinal nerve t12 travels between .pdf
A. list two vertebrae that spinal nerve t12 travels between
B. Define the function of ground substance in connective tissue proper.
A. list two vertebrae that spinal nerve t12 travels between
B. Define the function of ground substance in connective tissue proper.
B. Define the function of ground substance in connective tissue proper.
Solution
A. Two vertebrae that spinal nerve t12 travels between are-cervical spine vertebrae and lumbar
spine vertebrae
B. Groud substance is an amorphous gel-like substance present in the connective tissue proper,
which surrounds the cells. Glycoproteins and Hydrophilic muco-polysacharides present in the
ground substance attract water to induce variation in viscosity. Groud substance of all connective
tissue proper make intimate contact with the cells. Hence, these cells doesnot occupy distinct
space within the matrix..
Do people from different cultures experience emotions differently O.pdf
Do people from different cultures experience emotions differently? One study designed to
examine this question collected data from 411 college students from five different cultures. The
participants were asked to record, on a 1 (never) to 7 (always) scale, how much of the time they
typically felt eight specific emotions. These were averaged to produce the global emotion score
for each participant. Here is a summary of this measure:
Note that the convention of giving the standard deviations in parentheses after the means saves a
great deal of space in a table such as this. (a) The ANOVA F statistic was reported as 5.57. Give
the degrees of freedom and either an approximate (from Table E) or an exact (from software) P-
value. Sketch a picture of the F distribution that illustrates the P-value. (Round your
P-value to four decimal places.)
What do you conclude?
We have strong evidence at the 5% level that the means are not all the same.
We have no evidence at the 5% level that the means are different.
(b) Without doing any additional formal analysis, describe the pattern in the means that appears
to be responsible for your conclusion in part (a). Are there pairs of means that are quite similar?
European Americans have the highest emotion scores, Indians are in the middle, and the other
three cultures are lowest.
Hispanic Americans have the highest emotion scores, Japanese are in the middle, and the other
three cultures are lowest.
Japanese have the highest emotion scores, Hispanic Americans are in the middle, and the other
three cultures are lowest.
Asian Americans have the highest emotion scores, Japanese are in the middle, and the other
three cultures are lowest.
European Americans have the highest emotion scores, Hispanic Americans are in the middle,
and the other three cultures are lowest. Culture n Mean (s)European American
Asian American
Japanese
Indian
Hispanic American48
32
91
160
804.39 (1.01)
4.35 (1.18)
4.71 (1.13)
4.34 (1.26)
5.04 (1.16)
Solution
(a) numerator df= 5-1=4
denominator df = 48+32+91+160+80-5 =406
P-value = P(F with df=4 and df=406 >5.57 ) =0.0002 (from F table)
We have strong evidence at the 5% level that the means are not all the same.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(b)Hispanic Americans have the highest emotion scores, Japanese are in the middle, and the
other three cultures are lowest..
Describe the basic elements found in robot controllers. (Choose all t.pdf
Describe the basic elements found in robot controllers. (Choose all that apply.) central
processing unit (CPU) input/output devices nanobots running on treadmills memory teach
station wide-mouth frog
Solution
SOlution :
The components listed of robotic controllers are
CPU
Input/output devices
Memory.
Consider the following probability distribution The Normal distribut.pdf
Consider the following probability distribution The Normal distribution with mean 22.1 &
variance 5.0367 The Binomial distribution with p = 0.5 The x2 distribution on 14 degrees of
freedom which of the above are symmetric distributions? (i), (ii), (iii) (i), (ii) only (i), (iii) only
only (i) only (iii)
Solution
Answer is b.
The chi square distribution is symmetric for df >=30..
1. Please explain 1. What is cosolidation of a soi 2. What are the .pdf
1. Please explain: 1. What is cosolidation of a soi? 2. What are the assumptions for 1-D
consoildation theory proposed by Kar Terzaghi? 3. Compared to compaction, what are the
difference? 4. How do you define the process of a soil consolidation? 2. For settlements, what
are the major components of a soil settlment? What is the difference between between settlment
in sands and clays, please describe the details.
Solution
1) Consolidation is the reduciton of soil volume by expulsion of pore water.
2) assumptions:
3) Compaction is expulsion of air and consolidation is expulsion of water.
4) Process of soil consolidation is not instataneous. It ia time taking process..
What type of gametes did Sutton predict Mendel (parental, recombin.pdf
What type of gametes did Sutton predict? Mendel? (parental, recombinant, both)
Solution
1. According to Mendel’s law of segregation :
2 . The Chromosomal Theory of Inheritance (Theodor Boveri and Walter Sutton --1903) was
consistent with Mendel\'s laws and the basic postulates were:
-----------------------These lead to the conclusion that both Sutton and Mendel predicted parental
types of gametes because in case of parental type , gametes are produced in equal proportion but
recombinant type produces gametes in unequal proportions.
Besides this , In 1911, after observing that linked traits could on occasion be inherited separately,
Thomas Hunt Morgan suggested that \"crossovers\" can occur between linked genes and
crossover is the prime reason for recombination.
With reference to Barth (2014), discuss how the author assessed the .pdf
With reference to Barth (2014), discuss how the author assessed the extent to which unmodified
historical cost, modified historical cost, and fair value measurement possess the qualitative
characteristics specified in the IFRS Conceptual Framework.
Solution
The conceptual framework in IFRS states the qualitative characteristics of the financial
statements to be useful which are as follows:
1. Fundamental : Fundamental qualitative characteristics are relevance and faithful
representation.
2. Enhancing: Enhancing qualitative characteristics are comparability, completeness, verifiablity
and understandability.
According to Barth(2014), Historical cost does not possess the qualitative characteristics of the
IFRS conceptual framework as it does not facilitates comparability and relevance but yes it is
sometimes relevant. The historical cost should be modified to use in financial statements, it
should be indexed for Inflation.
Modified historical cost possess the qualitative characteristics of the IFRS.
It is understandable, complete, accurate, but not considered as faithful representation. This is
widely used but both modified historical cost and unmodified historical cost lack meaning.
Whereas the Fair value presentation is more consistent with the new framework and hence it
should be widely used. This paper concludes that assets and liabilities at large should be
measured at fair value to provide the financial statements with the qualitative characteristics..
COMMUTER PASSES Five different types of monthly commuter passes are o.pdf
COMMUTER PASSES Five different types of monthly commuter passes are offered by a city\'s
local transit authority for each of three different groups of passengers: youths, adults, and senior
citizens. How many different kinds of passes must be printed each month?
Solution
five different types passes are offeres by authority
categories are three
So, diffenerent kinds of passes would be 5 *3 = 15.
If a researcher rejects a null hypothesis when that hypothesis is ac.pdf
If a researcher rejects a null hypothesis when that hypothesis is actually true, he has committed:
a type I error
a type II error
a type III error
no error
a type I error
a type II error
a type III error
no error
Solution
If a researcher rejects a null hypothesis when that hypothesis is actually true, he has committed:
a type I error
a type II error
a type III error
no error
A type I error is the incorrectly rejecting a true null hypothesis.
a type I error
a type II error
a type III error
no error.
Write an algorithm that reads a list of integers from the keyboard, .pdf
Write an algorithm that reads a list of integers from the keyboard, creates
a list of them using linked list implementation, and prints the result
Solution
/*
Algorithm:
Implementation of linked list.
Create a node type class which will hold an integer and next pointer to point to another node.
Create a constructor which will construct an object of type node with the integer type data as the
only parameter
and initializing next pointer to NULL.
Create LinkedList class which will only have head pointer.
Create a constructor which will initialize this head pointer to NULL.
Create a append method which will recieve an input of type integer from the user and append it
to LinkedList
using below steps:
1.Create a Node type object.
1.IF head is NULL assign a Node type object created in 1st step.
2.IF head is not NULL then traverse to the end of the linked list till you found a Node which has
next pointer
set to NULL.
3.Add Node type object created in first step to the next pointer of last node.
Create a print method which will traverse the list from the head of the linked list to the last
node(Node
with next pointer NULL) and while traversing it will keep printing the node data.
Get the userinput:
Ask user for integer continously till user input -1 and append all the integers to the linked list.
*/
PROGRAM:
#include
using namespace std;
class Node
{
public:
int data;
Node *next;
Node(int data)
{
this->data = data;
this->next = NULL;
}
};
class LinkedList
{
private:
Node *head;
public:
LinkedList()
{
head = NULL;
}
void addToFront(int data)
{
Node *temp = new Node(data);
if(head == NULL)
head = temp;
else
{
temp->next = head;
head = temp;
}
}
void append(int data)
{
Node *temp = new Node(data);
Node *current = head;
if(current == NULL)
{
head = temp;
return;
}
while(current->next != NULL)
{
current = current->next;
}
current->next = temp;
}
void print()
{
Node *current = head;
if(current == NULL)
cout << \"No element in list. \ \";
while(current != NULL)
{
cout << current->data << \" \";
current = current->next;
}
cout << endl;
}
void deleteLinkedList()
{
Node *prev;
Node *current = head;
while(current!=NULL)
{
prev = current;
current = current->next;
delete prev;
}
}
void deleteLastNode()
{
Node *current = head;
Node *prev = NULL;
if(current == NULL)
return;
while(current->next != NULL)
{
prev = current;
current = current->next;
}
if(prev == NULL)
{
delete current;
head = NULL;
}
else
{
prev->next = NULL;
delete current;
}
}
~LinkedList()
{
deleteLinkedList();
}
};
int main()
{
LinkedList list;
int data;
while(1)
{
cout << \"Enter the integer(-1 to Quit) : \";
cin >> data;
if(data==-1)
break;
list.append(data);
}
cout << \"Content of LinkedList is : \";
list.print();
return 0;
}
OUTPUT:
Enter the integer(-1 to Quit) : 1
Enter the integer(-1 to Quit) : 2
Enter the integer(-1 to Quit) : 3
Enter the integer(-1 to Quit) : 4
Enter the integer(-1 to Quit) : -1
Content of LinkedList is : 1 2 3 4.
Which of the following values of r allows a perfect prediction of sc.pdf
Which of the following values of r allows a perfect prediction of scores on one variable from
knowledge of scores on the other variable?
Question 13 options:
0
0.50
–1.00
2.00
0
0.50
–1.00
2.00
Solution
ANS: D) –1.00
Reason: Value of second variable is dependden on the result of the first variable. We don\'t see a
realtion between them prior to the result fof first.
Which of the following is a way in which meiosis differs from mitosi.pdf
Which of the following is a way in which meiosis differs from mitosis?
In meiosis, a spindle of microtubules does not form.
Meiosis produces only diploid daughter cells.
Meiosis is found in asexual reproduction.
In meiosis, the parent cell divides twice.
Meiosis never produces gametes (sex cells). Question Part
Solution
Answer is 4
In meiosis parent cell divides twice whereas in mitosis parent cell divides only once.
Meiosis is a reductional division which occurs in diploid cell to produce four tabloid cells
whereas mitosis is a educational division which either occur in haploid or diploid cell to produce
haploid or diploid daughter cells.
Meiosis produces balloon gametes.
Also, meiosis is not found in asexual reproduction.
Meiosis and mitosis both involves formation of spindle of microtubules..
What is the inheritance of the following pedigree X-linked recessiv.pdf
What is the inheritance of the following pedigree? X-linked recessive X-linked dominant
autosomal dominant autosomal recessive Y-link ed
Solution
d. autosomal recessive
In autosomal recessive inheritance, two copies of a disease allele are required for an individual to
be susceptible to expressing the phenotype..
What is the profitability index for an investment with the following.pdf
What is the profitability index for an investment with the following cash flows given a 6 percent
required return?
1.38
0.72
1.06
0.81
1.23
What is the profitability index for an investment with the following cash flows given a 6 percent
required return?
Solution
Present value of inflows=cash inflow*Present value of discounting factor(rate%,time period)
15700/1.06+18000/1.06^2+17400/1.06^3
=$45440.6322
PI=Present value of inflows/Present value of outflows
=$45440.6322/$37000
which is equal to
=1.23(Approx)..
What are the characteristics of each microscope 1.compound2.s.pdf
What are the characteristics of each microscope
1.compound
2.stereo ( dissecting)
3. Phase contrast
4. Scanning (SEM)
5. Transmission (TEM)
What are the characteristics of each microscope
1.compound
2.stereo ( dissecting)
3. Phase contrast
4. Scanning (SEM)
5. Transmission (TEM)
1.compound
2.stereo ( dissecting)
3. Phase contrast
4. Scanning (SEM)
5. Transmission (TEM)
Solution
The characteristics of each microscope is as follows:
1.COMPOUND MICROSCOPE
In compound microscope the objective lens forms a real, inverted and magnified image of the
object. The eye piece acts like a magnifying glass and forms a virtual erect and magnified image.
Object is placed outside the principal focus of the objective lens. It consists of two convex lens,
ocular, close to the eye and s3cond objective lens. It also reduces chromatic abberrations.
2. STEREO (DISSECTING)
It is an optical microscope which is designed for low magnification, it uses light reflected from
the surfacevof an object rather than transmitted through it. It forms three dimensional erect
image as the prism under the eye piece reverses the image.
3. PHASE CONTRAST
It is used to examine biological tissues (live microorganisms). It is a type of light microscopy
that increases contrasts of transparent and colourless objects. This is achieved by influencing the
optical path of the light. Thus contrast of light and dark makes the specimen visible to the human
eye.
4. SCANNING (SEM).
It is used for producing high resolution images of a sample surface. The images have 3-D
appearance and best used to judge the surface structure of the sample. It produces image using
focused beam of electrons. In SEM, the picture is shown on the monitor.
5.TRANSMISSION (TEM).
It is based on transmitted electrons. It provides details of internal composition (show
morphology, crystallisation, stress or even magnetic domains of the sample). In TEM, picture is
shown on fluorescent screens. It provides 2-D picture of the sample. It uses electromagnetic
lenses to focus the electrons into very thin beams..
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1. Peter Grant - the evolutionary biologist who has studied finches .pdf
- 1. 1. Peter Grant - the evolutionary biologist who has studied finches on Daphne Major (an island in the Galapagos) for several decades - collected data on birds' beak sizes, weight, diet and mating behavior to test his hypotheses. This kind of data is an example of: 2. In the video "How Does Evolution Really Work?", biologists described an example where the length of individual hummingbird beaks grew longer in response to changes in their food source (flowers). True False 3 The observation that the individuals possessing favorable traits are more likely to survive and reproduce than those possessing less favorable traits is the basis for: 4. Which one of the following descriptions, pertaining to a scientific hypothesis or theory, is NOT true? 5. Which of the following is involved in the scientific method (MARK ALL THAT APPLY)? making observations 6. Due to ___________________, "bad science” (e.g. fake data or fake results) is eventually discovered and revealed. powerful police forces 7. Darwin's Hypothesis of Evolution by Natural Selection included the observation that populations often grow faster than the food supply and therefore individuals need to compete for resources. Darwin borrowed this idea from the work of: 8. Lamarck's "Inheritance of Acquired Characteristics" can best be described as: disease and starvation are required to keep population size in check 9. Aristotle and other early philosophers believed that species were "immutable" or "fixed", which means: species are always changing
- 2. species don't change over timeA.taxonomy B.artificial selectionC.empirical evidenceD.non-factual informationE.a belief Solution 1)B)Artificial Selection as it tells about the way birds survive and their mating. 2)True yes it is rightly stated. 3)D)Natural selection which says traits move from one generation to other. and the ones with more traits survive more than other here. 4)E)it must deal with evidence that is empirical (i.e. the kind that can be observed)