1. Narrated Slides for Organizational Politics
2. file:///TEDx - Power of Influence - Shawn King (16/39)Links to an external site.
3. file:///TED - Social Networks - Nicholas Christakis (20/59)Links to an external site.
4. file:///TED - Body Language - Amy Cuddy (21/02)Links to an external site.
5. file:///Narrated Slides for Conflict & Negotiations (50/58)Links to an external site.
6. file:///TED - Dare to Disagree - Margaret Heffernan (12/56)Links to an external site.
7. file:///TEDx - Resolving Conflict - Jim Ferrell (19/03)Links to an external site.
PhD Prospectus Form
Students | Complete your doctoral prospectus within this form. Write your responses in the white spaces using a scholarly tone and include in-text citations and APA reference entries, where appropriate. You can click on underlined terms and headings for descriptions, resource links, and examples located in the Appendix. For additional prospectus information and resources, refer to the Doctoral Research Coach. Complete the Research Design Alignment Table within this form using the information from earlier sections and self-assess your research design alignment. Submit this completed form into MyDR for formal evaluation and feedback when your committee chair indicates that you are ready to do so.
Student’s Name |Patricia Igboneje-Asor Student ID | AO1006588
Program and Specialization* | DHA Submission Date |2/2/21
*Remember that your study focus must be within the realm of your program and specialization area.
Evaluators Only | Complete this section and provide feedback on responses and rubric scores in the form where noted.
Committee Chairperson Name: Dr. Bull Overall Assessment: Choose score.
Second Committee Member Name: Dr. Kourtney Nieve Overall Assessment: Choose score.
PhD Program Director: Overall Assessment: Choose score.
Title
In 12 words or less, what is the working title for this study? Include the topic, variables/concepts, and relationship between them, and the most critical keywords.
Investigate the relationship between nurse manager leadership styles and quality of care depicted by the patient outcomes in hospitals within Southeast US.
Supporting Literature
The first step in developing your prospectus is to search the literature related to the general area you want to investigate (see the social problem below).In your review of the recent empirical literature, what keywords did you search, and in what databases?
The keywords and databases searched included Leadership styles, Job Satisfaction, transformational leadership, Laissez-Faire leadership and quality of service, training and development, communication.
The keywords were searched using Google Scholar and Walden Online Library Database to identify related studies published within the Walden University College of Health Sciences, European Scientific Journal, Ethiopian Journal of Health Sciences, and Department of Nursing Administration, Faculty of Nursing, C ...
Running head DUPLANTIERMDHA7008-2 1DUPLA.docxjeanettehully
This document provides instructions for a signature assignment in a doctoral research methods course. Students are asked to submit a 2-3 page project premise outlining their proposed applied doctoral project topic, including the problem statement, research questions, methodology, and references. They must also submit an updated annotated bibliography of 7-10 references, of which only 3 can be from a previous assignment. The premise and annotated bibliography should be submitted together in the course Dropbox and a copy of the premise should be emailed to the Assistant Dean to ensure appointment of a project committee chair and subject matter expert.
The document provides instructions for an assignment to draft a proposal for an interprofessional team to address a quality-related issue in healthcare. The proposal must identify the problem, causes, a plan of action including who should be involved, and how progress will be reported. It must be 4-6 pages long and follow APA style guidelines. Several resources are provided to aid research and proposal development, focusing on interprofessional collaboration, leadership approaches, and quality improvement examples.
For this assessment, you will develop a 3-4 page critique of the.docxtemplestewart19
For this assessment, you will develop a 3-4 page critique of the quantitative design, methods, and results of a scholarly study.
The ability to use quantitative approaches to analyze health care data is a vital skill for today's doctoral prepared professional. You will be expected to have the skills to critically assess the deeper analytical qualities of an article and ultimately comment on its overall validity and practical relevance. This assessment will provide you with an opportunity to demonstrate and hone your ability to analyze and critique the quantitative methods of a research study using an example from the literature.
For the learner who has finished the data collection process for the doctoral project, analysis of that data offers an exciting (and sometimes challenging) opportunity of discovery. One of the most common statistical techniques for examining the relationship of two variables is
correlation analysis
. The specific kind of correlational technique depends on the combination of the measurement level (that is, categorical, ordinal, or interval or
ratio
) of the two data variables being examined. Correlation analysis can tell us the direction and strength of relationships between two variables.
Overview
Whether preparing a scholarly document for your doctoral program or simply trying to stay current in your professional field, you must continuously grow in your ability to read research. As an undergraduate, you probably just skimmed over an article's abstract and introduction, focusing most of your attention on the interpretation of the results at the conclusion. As a doctoral-level professional, your colleagues will expect you to have the skills to critically assess the deeper analytical qualities of an article and ultimately comment on its overall validity and practical relevance.
Using the readings, media, and various resources in this course, you have an opportunity to engage in critical thinking to assess the analytical results of a peer-reviewed
quantitative
study. This assessment parallels and complements the literature critique skill set you have developed previously in your program.
The following will help provide you with potential approaches and frameworks to completing the critique and assessment portions of this assessment:
Shahnazi, H., Hosseintalaei, M., Esteki Ghashghaei, F., Charkazi, A., Yahyavi, Y., & Sharifirad, G. (2016).
Effect of educational intervention on perceived susceptibility self-efficacy and DMFT of pregnant women
.
Iranian Red Crescent Medical Journal
,
18
(5), e24960.
Coughlan, M., Cronin, P., & Ryan, F. (2007).
Step-by-step guide to critiquing research. Part 1 – Quantitative research
.
British Journal of Nursing, 16
(11), 658–663.
The Value of a Research Critique to Translate Evidence Into Practice
.
Demonstration of Proficiency
By successfully completing this assessment you will address the following scoring guide criteria, which align to the indicated course competen.
For this assessment, you will develop a 3-4 page critique of the q.docxtemplestewart19
For this assessment, you will develop a 3-4 page critique of the quantitative design, methods, and results of a scholarly study.
The ability to use quantitative approaches to analyze health care data is a vital skill for today's doctoral prepared professional. You will be expected to have the skills to critically assess the deeper analytical qualities of an article and ultimately comment on its overall validity and practical relevance. This assessment will provide you with an opportunity to demonstrate and hone your ability to analyze and critique the quantitative methods of a research study using an example from the literature.
For the learner who has finished the data collection process for the doctoral project, analysis of that data offers an exciting (and sometimes challenging) opportunity of discovery. One of the most common statistical techniques for examining the relationship of two variables is
correlation analysis
. The specific kind of correlational technique depends on the combination of the measurement level (that is, categorical, ordinal, or interval or
ratio
) of the two data variables being examined. Correlation analysis can tell us the direction and strength of relationships between two variables.
Overview
Whether preparing a scholarly document for your doctoral program or simply trying to stay current in your professional field, you must continuously grow in your ability to read research. As an undergraduate, you probably just skimmed over an article's abstract and introduction, focusing most of your attention on the interpretation of the results at the conclusion. As a doctoral-level professional, your colleagues will expect you to have the skills to critically assess the deeper analytical qualities of an article and ultimately comment on its overall validity and practical relevance.
Using the readings, media, and various resources in this course, you have an opportunity to engage in critical thinking to assess the analytical results of a peer-reviewed
quantitative
study. This assessment parallels and complements the literature critique skill set you have developed previously in your program.
The following will help provide you with potential approaches and frameworks to completing the critique and assessment portions of this assessment:
Shahnazi, H., Hosseintalaei, M., Esteki Ghashghaei, F., Charkazi, A., Yahyavi, Y., & Sharifirad, G. (2016).
Effect of educational intervention on perceived susceptibility self-efficacy and DMFT of pregnant women
.
Iranian Red Crescent Medical Journal
,
18
(5), e24960.
Coughlan, M., Cronin, P., & Ryan, F. (2007).
Step-by-step guide to critiquing research. Part 1 – Quantitative research
.
British Journal of Nursing, 16
(11), 658–663.
The Value of a Research Critique to Translate Evidence Into Practice
.
Demonstration of Proficiency
By successfully completing this assessment you will address the following scoring guide criteria, which align to the indicated course competenc.
Importance of Critical Thinking in Nursing Paper.pdfstudywriters
Critical thinking and clinical decision-making skills among novice nurses need improvement. The purpose of this study is to determine if first-year nursing students' use of problem-based learning is related to their development of critical thinking and clinical decision-making skills. The study will use a quantitative regression design and collect data from nursing students at a public college using instruments to measure problem-based learning, critical thinking, and clinical decision making. The analysis will examine relationships between the variables and determine if problem-based learning impacts critical thinking and clinical decision making.
13 hours ago
Tami Frazier
Week 11 Initial Discussion Post
COLLAPSE
Top of Form
NURS 6052 – Essentials of Evidence-Based Practice
Week 11 Initial Post
Creating a Culture of Evidence-Based Practice
Evidence-based practice (EBP) in its most simplistic form is using the evidence, whether from clinical experiences or patient preferences, to make decisions that affect patient care positively (Polit & Beck, 2017). Evidence-based practice is essential for determining changes in practice that are needed to protect and provide safe care for patients. Nurses are the front-line of the healthcare system and are able to recognize and change policies and procedures. Therefore, nurses are responsible for sharing with their peers and co-workers the information obtained from their evidence-based research.
In order to make evidence-based changes, a dissemination plan needs to be in place. In our facility, our evidence-based practice nurse committee is responsible for teaching the staff on changes in practice. Once they have decided on the changes they present the information to the Emergency Department leadership. From there the changes are reported to the nursing staff through department meetings, bulletin boards, and online learning modules. This is based on the ACE Star Model of Knowledge Transformation which seeks to take research findings and use them to impact patient outcomes by using evidence-based care (Polit & Beck, 2017).
“Often in the dissemination phase, there are considerable barriers that exist. These barriers consist of prejudice toward findings, lack of approval from leadership, nurses attitudes, and the resources needed to make changes. Moore & Tierney (2019) found,
“an overarching theme of disconnection between research and evidence and the participants’ perceptions of contemporary nursing practice was underpinned by three themes:
1) We should be using it… but we’re not.
2) Employees suggested that research involvement was something left after graduation and no longer part of their day-to-day roles.
3) Research is other people’s business (p. 90).
In another report, it was suggested that evidence-based practice is challenging for nurses because of the pressures of a patient satisfaction culture and time constraints when caring for patients (Henderson & Fletcher, 2015). These barriers can only be overcome if nursing leadership has the courage to address them and help nurses see the positive benefits of evidence-based practice.
A culture of change is vital to making a significant improvement in the lives of patients. At this time nursing researchers are limited by a non-existent research culture leaving them nurses with the responsibility to develop that culture (Berthelsen & Holge-Hazelton, 2018). Creating an awareness of the research that is taking place by their peers removes the barriers of feeling not competent to participate. As nursing leadership, our role is to build a culture that creates curiosity and critical reflection ab.
Running head ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY 1 Annotated Bibliogra.docxjoellemurphey
Running head: ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY 1
Annotated Bibliography
u04a1
Student Name
BSN 4008 Organizational and Systems Management for Quality Outcomes
Capella University
Dr. Pape
Due date
LITERATURE REVIEW ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY 2
Annotated Bibliography
We have seen that in a health-care organization there are multiple responsibilities
including assessments of priorities in areas that require attention in an organization. The
following annotated bibliography compiles a summary of the references that will be used
to prepare a final paper that will identify nursing leadership priorities at Fantastic
Medical Center (FMC) and proposed resources for addressing the priorities.
Previously identified nursing leadership priorities at FMC that will be the focus of
the literature review are (a) nursing staff turnover, (b) nursing staff competency, and (c)
medication errors of omission. Accordingly, the literature and available resources were
searched utilizing terms that included the above listed priorities and terms to reflect any
proposed resources for addressing the priorities in order to support strategies with
evidence-based references.
Additional references will include readings from the course that involve systems
leadership, organizational structure, and use of a systems-based approach for analysis of
organizational issues. These may include Lewin’s change theory, or the diffusion of
innovation theory. The synthesis of these references will help me build the foundation of
to address strategies that can be used within FMC, both as an analysis for the project.
American Nurses Association. (2010). Nursing: Scope and standards of practice. (2nd
ed.). Silver Spring, MD: Nursesbooks.org.
LITERATURE REVIEW ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY 3
The American Nurses Association (ANA) provides standards and scope of
practice for professional nurses (p. 1) including the importance of ongoing
nursing education and the important role employers have in providing educational
opportunities for nurses (p. 28). The book further establishes important nursing
profession standards in regards to quality of patient care and nursing leadership
(p. 55) thus creating an important foundation upon which priorities and strategies
can be established.
American Nurses Credentialing Center. (2013a). Magnet designation for initial
applicants. Retrieved from http://www.nursecredentialing.org/magnet-initial-
designation.aspx
The American Nurses Credentialing Center (ANCC) is a component of the ANA
whose purpose is to provide certification and accreditation of individual nurses
and health care organizations who have met certain criteria that include
excellence in quality patient care and excellence in work environment (American
Nurses Credentialing Center [ANCC], 2013b). One such designation that signifies
excellence in care and practice is Magnet designation which among many
requirem ...
1Effects of Gender Diversity on Job Perf.docxaulasnilda
1
Effects of Gender Diversity on Job Performance in the Banking Industry
6 December 2019
Statement of the Problem
Gender diversity and inclusion of women in top executive management and boards of directors add value to an organization. For example, gender diversity can add value to problem solving, resulting in better performance of the company (Joshi, 2017). Including more gender diversity in a firm may also increase the effectiveness of the firm because of a better understanding of the needs of stakeholders, better risk management and business practices. It also enhances decision making by adding new ideas and perspectives. The banking sector is one sector that can enjoy and benefit gender diversity.
The banking sector faces many challenges from increased competition, a high rate of technological growth and increased regulations by the government. This has led banks to compete for the best employees. Workforce diversity is achieved through gender diversity, age diversity and ethnicity diversity. Research show that proper management of workforce diversity has a positive outcome in any organization (Rizwan et al. 2016). Studies have shown that organizations with a high level of workforce diversity management are effective in producing corporate cultures that pioneer capabilities and fresh idea for survival.
There has been an increase in workforce gender diversity in firms and organizations. However, few studies have focused on examining the relationship between gender diversity and job performance for over three decades. Also, these studies provide conflicting results on diversity. Empirical research found that gender diversity is either good or bad for an organization (Ali et al. 2009). For example, Svyantek and Bott (2004) did a review on nine diversity studies investigating this relationship and they found inconsistent results. The studies showed positive effect, negative effect, zero effect and nonlinear effects. If business turned to this body of literature for hiring practices insights, they would find conclusive evidence on what to do.
One study indicates that fostering gender diversity improves the outcomes of the firm while others claim the opposite. Another body of study claims that gender diversity and organizational performance are not connected (Joshi, 2017). This leaves private sectors including the banking sector to rely on past evidence, anecdotal assertions and stereotypes. Consequently, this creates a problem.
Despite efforts by the government to foster gender diversity at the workplace through policies and practices, gender diversity has fallen short in the sector. This is partly because of the resistance by the banking industry because of lack of rigorous evidence on how gender diversity shapes their outcomes. The existing literature only examines gender diversity in senior management and corporate rooms, but reaching these positions depends on the resources and opportunities women are afford ...
Running head DUPLANTIERMDHA7008-2 1DUPLA.docxjeanettehully
This document provides instructions for a signature assignment in a doctoral research methods course. Students are asked to submit a 2-3 page project premise outlining their proposed applied doctoral project topic, including the problem statement, research questions, methodology, and references. They must also submit an updated annotated bibliography of 7-10 references, of which only 3 can be from a previous assignment. The premise and annotated bibliography should be submitted together in the course Dropbox and a copy of the premise should be emailed to the Assistant Dean to ensure appointment of a project committee chair and subject matter expert.
The document provides instructions for an assignment to draft a proposal for an interprofessional team to address a quality-related issue in healthcare. The proposal must identify the problem, causes, a plan of action including who should be involved, and how progress will be reported. It must be 4-6 pages long and follow APA style guidelines. Several resources are provided to aid research and proposal development, focusing on interprofessional collaboration, leadership approaches, and quality improvement examples.
For this assessment, you will develop a 3-4 page critique of the.docxtemplestewart19
For this assessment, you will develop a 3-4 page critique of the quantitative design, methods, and results of a scholarly study.
The ability to use quantitative approaches to analyze health care data is a vital skill for today's doctoral prepared professional. You will be expected to have the skills to critically assess the deeper analytical qualities of an article and ultimately comment on its overall validity and practical relevance. This assessment will provide you with an opportunity to demonstrate and hone your ability to analyze and critique the quantitative methods of a research study using an example from the literature.
For the learner who has finished the data collection process for the doctoral project, analysis of that data offers an exciting (and sometimes challenging) opportunity of discovery. One of the most common statistical techniques for examining the relationship of two variables is
correlation analysis
. The specific kind of correlational technique depends on the combination of the measurement level (that is, categorical, ordinal, or interval or
ratio
) of the two data variables being examined. Correlation analysis can tell us the direction and strength of relationships between two variables.
Overview
Whether preparing a scholarly document for your doctoral program or simply trying to stay current in your professional field, you must continuously grow in your ability to read research. As an undergraduate, you probably just skimmed over an article's abstract and introduction, focusing most of your attention on the interpretation of the results at the conclusion. As a doctoral-level professional, your colleagues will expect you to have the skills to critically assess the deeper analytical qualities of an article and ultimately comment on its overall validity and practical relevance.
Using the readings, media, and various resources in this course, you have an opportunity to engage in critical thinking to assess the analytical results of a peer-reviewed
quantitative
study. This assessment parallels and complements the literature critique skill set you have developed previously in your program.
The following will help provide you with potential approaches and frameworks to completing the critique and assessment portions of this assessment:
Shahnazi, H., Hosseintalaei, M., Esteki Ghashghaei, F., Charkazi, A., Yahyavi, Y., & Sharifirad, G. (2016).
Effect of educational intervention on perceived susceptibility self-efficacy and DMFT of pregnant women
.
Iranian Red Crescent Medical Journal
,
18
(5), e24960.
Coughlan, M., Cronin, P., & Ryan, F. (2007).
Step-by-step guide to critiquing research. Part 1 – Quantitative research
.
British Journal of Nursing, 16
(11), 658–663.
The Value of a Research Critique to Translate Evidence Into Practice
.
Demonstration of Proficiency
By successfully completing this assessment you will address the following scoring guide criteria, which align to the indicated course competen.
For this assessment, you will develop a 3-4 page critique of the q.docxtemplestewart19
For this assessment, you will develop a 3-4 page critique of the quantitative design, methods, and results of a scholarly study.
The ability to use quantitative approaches to analyze health care data is a vital skill for today's doctoral prepared professional. You will be expected to have the skills to critically assess the deeper analytical qualities of an article and ultimately comment on its overall validity and practical relevance. This assessment will provide you with an opportunity to demonstrate and hone your ability to analyze and critique the quantitative methods of a research study using an example from the literature.
For the learner who has finished the data collection process for the doctoral project, analysis of that data offers an exciting (and sometimes challenging) opportunity of discovery. One of the most common statistical techniques for examining the relationship of two variables is
correlation analysis
. The specific kind of correlational technique depends on the combination of the measurement level (that is, categorical, ordinal, or interval or
ratio
) of the two data variables being examined. Correlation analysis can tell us the direction and strength of relationships between two variables.
Overview
Whether preparing a scholarly document for your doctoral program or simply trying to stay current in your professional field, you must continuously grow in your ability to read research. As an undergraduate, you probably just skimmed over an article's abstract and introduction, focusing most of your attention on the interpretation of the results at the conclusion. As a doctoral-level professional, your colleagues will expect you to have the skills to critically assess the deeper analytical qualities of an article and ultimately comment on its overall validity and practical relevance.
Using the readings, media, and various resources in this course, you have an opportunity to engage in critical thinking to assess the analytical results of a peer-reviewed
quantitative
study. This assessment parallels and complements the literature critique skill set you have developed previously in your program.
The following will help provide you with potential approaches and frameworks to completing the critique and assessment portions of this assessment:
Shahnazi, H., Hosseintalaei, M., Esteki Ghashghaei, F., Charkazi, A., Yahyavi, Y., & Sharifirad, G. (2016).
Effect of educational intervention on perceived susceptibility self-efficacy and DMFT of pregnant women
.
Iranian Red Crescent Medical Journal
,
18
(5), e24960.
Coughlan, M., Cronin, P., & Ryan, F. (2007).
Step-by-step guide to critiquing research. Part 1 – Quantitative research
.
British Journal of Nursing, 16
(11), 658–663.
The Value of a Research Critique to Translate Evidence Into Practice
.
Demonstration of Proficiency
By successfully completing this assessment you will address the following scoring guide criteria, which align to the indicated course competenc.
Importance of Critical Thinking in Nursing Paper.pdfstudywriters
Critical thinking and clinical decision-making skills among novice nurses need improvement. The purpose of this study is to determine if first-year nursing students' use of problem-based learning is related to their development of critical thinking and clinical decision-making skills. The study will use a quantitative regression design and collect data from nursing students at a public college using instruments to measure problem-based learning, critical thinking, and clinical decision making. The analysis will examine relationships between the variables and determine if problem-based learning impacts critical thinking and clinical decision making.
13 hours ago
Tami Frazier
Week 11 Initial Discussion Post
COLLAPSE
Top of Form
NURS 6052 – Essentials of Evidence-Based Practice
Week 11 Initial Post
Creating a Culture of Evidence-Based Practice
Evidence-based practice (EBP) in its most simplistic form is using the evidence, whether from clinical experiences or patient preferences, to make decisions that affect patient care positively (Polit & Beck, 2017). Evidence-based practice is essential for determining changes in practice that are needed to protect and provide safe care for patients. Nurses are the front-line of the healthcare system and are able to recognize and change policies and procedures. Therefore, nurses are responsible for sharing with their peers and co-workers the information obtained from their evidence-based research.
In order to make evidence-based changes, a dissemination plan needs to be in place. In our facility, our evidence-based practice nurse committee is responsible for teaching the staff on changes in practice. Once they have decided on the changes they present the information to the Emergency Department leadership. From there the changes are reported to the nursing staff through department meetings, bulletin boards, and online learning modules. This is based on the ACE Star Model of Knowledge Transformation which seeks to take research findings and use them to impact patient outcomes by using evidence-based care (Polit & Beck, 2017).
“Often in the dissemination phase, there are considerable barriers that exist. These barriers consist of prejudice toward findings, lack of approval from leadership, nurses attitudes, and the resources needed to make changes. Moore & Tierney (2019) found,
“an overarching theme of disconnection between research and evidence and the participants’ perceptions of contemporary nursing practice was underpinned by three themes:
1) We should be using it… but we’re not.
2) Employees suggested that research involvement was something left after graduation and no longer part of their day-to-day roles.
3) Research is other people’s business (p. 90).
In another report, it was suggested that evidence-based practice is challenging for nurses because of the pressures of a patient satisfaction culture and time constraints when caring for patients (Henderson & Fletcher, 2015). These barriers can only be overcome if nursing leadership has the courage to address them and help nurses see the positive benefits of evidence-based practice.
A culture of change is vital to making a significant improvement in the lives of patients. At this time nursing researchers are limited by a non-existent research culture leaving them nurses with the responsibility to develop that culture (Berthelsen & Holge-Hazelton, 2018). Creating an awareness of the research that is taking place by their peers removes the barriers of feeling not competent to participate. As nursing leadership, our role is to build a culture that creates curiosity and critical reflection ab.
Running head ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY 1 Annotated Bibliogra.docxjoellemurphey
Running head: ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY 1
Annotated Bibliography
u04a1
Student Name
BSN 4008 Organizational and Systems Management for Quality Outcomes
Capella University
Dr. Pape
Due date
LITERATURE REVIEW ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY 2
Annotated Bibliography
We have seen that in a health-care organization there are multiple responsibilities
including assessments of priorities in areas that require attention in an organization. The
following annotated bibliography compiles a summary of the references that will be used
to prepare a final paper that will identify nursing leadership priorities at Fantastic
Medical Center (FMC) and proposed resources for addressing the priorities.
Previously identified nursing leadership priorities at FMC that will be the focus of
the literature review are (a) nursing staff turnover, (b) nursing staff competency, and (c)
medication errors of omission. Accordingly, the literature and available resources were
searched utilizing terms that included the above listed priorities and terms to reflect any
proposed resources for addressing the priorities in order to support strategies with
evidence-based references.
Additional references will include readings from the course that involve systems
leadership, organizational structure, and use of a systems-based approach for analysis of
organizational issues. These may include Lewin’s change theory, or the diffusion of
innovation theory. The synthesis of these references will help me build the foundation of
to address strategies that can be used within FMC, both as an analysis for the project.
American Nurses Association. (2010). Nursing: Scope and standards of practice. (2nd
ed.). Silver Spring, MD: Nursesbooks.org.
LITERATURE REVIEW ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY 3
The American Nurses Association (ANA) provides standards and scope of
practice for professional nurses (p. 1) including the importance of ongoing
nursing education and the important role employers have in providing educational
opportunities for nurses (p. 28). The book further establishes important nursing
profession standards in regards to quality of patient care and nursing leadership
(p. 55) thus creating an important foundation upon which priorities and strategies
can be established.
American Nurses Credentialing Center. (2013a). Magnet designation for initial
applicants. Retrieved from http://www.nursecredentialing.org/magnet-initial-
designation.aspx
The American Nurses Credentialing Center (ANCC) is a component of the ANA
whose purpose is to provide certification and accreditation of individual nurses
and health care organizations who have met certain criteria that include
excellence in quality patient care and excellence in work environment (American
Nurses Credentialing Center [ANCC], 2013b). One such designation that signifies
excellence in care and practice is Magnet designation which among many
requirem ...
1Effects of Gender Diversity on Job Perf.docxaulasnilda
1
Effects of Gender Diversity on Job Performance in the Banking Industry
6 December 2019
Statement of the Problem
Gender diversity and inclusion of women in top executive management and boards of directors add value to an organization. For example, gender diversity can add value to problem solving, resulting in better performance of the company (Joshi, 2017). Including more gender diversity in a firm may also increase the effectiveness of the firm because of a better understanding of the needs of stakeholders, better risk management and business practices. It also enhances decision making by adding new ideas and perspectives. The banking sector is one sector that can enjoy and benefit gender diversity.
The banking sector faces many challenges from increased competition, a high rate of technological growth and increased regulations by the government. This has led banks to compete for the best employees. Workforce diversity is achieved through gender diversity, age diversity and ethnicity diversity. Research show that proper management of workforce diversity has a positive outcome in any organization (Rizwan et al. 2016). Studies have shown that organizations with a high level of workforce diversity management are effective in producing corporate cultures that pioneer capabilities and fresh idea for survival.
There has been an increase in workforce gender diversity in firms and organizations. However, few studies have focused on examining the relationship between gender diversity and job performance for over three decades. Also, these studies provide conflicting results on diversity. Empirical research found that gender diversity is either good or bad for an organization (Ali et al. 2009). For example, Svyantek and Bott (2004) did a review on nine diversity studies investigating this relationship and they found inconsistent results. The studies showed positive effect, negative effect, zero effect and nonlinear effects. If business turned to this body of literature for hiring practices insights, they would find conclusive evidence on what to do.
One study indicates that fostering gender diversity improves the outcomes of the firm while others claim the opposite. Another body of study claims that gender diversity and organizational performance are not connected (Joshi, 2017). This leaves private sectors including the banking sector to rely on past evidence, anecdotal assertions and stereotypes. Consequently, this creates a problem.
Despite efforts by the government to foster gender diversity at the workplace through policies and practices, gender diversity has fallen short in the sector. This is partly because of the resistance by the banking industry because of lack of rigorous evidence on how gender diversity shapes their outcomes. The existing literature only examines gender diversity in senior management and corporate rooms, but reaching these positions depends on the resources and opportunities women are afford ...
IOM Future of Nursing Report and NursingNameInstitutionTatianaMajor22
IOM Future of Nursing Report and Nursing
Name
Institution
Course
Professor
Date
IOM Future of Nursing Report and Nursing
Introduction
In 2010 the Robert wood Johnson foundation (RWJF) committee released a report named the future of nursing: leading change, advancing health. The report was based on an analysis of the future requirements and the challenges faced by nurses. In the report, the committee articulated four main messages that should be implemented to enhance the care provided by nurses.
The committee presented recommendations to the policymakers and State governments to implement measures to enhance the care provided by the caregivers. First, it recommended transformation in nursing education. While drawing attention to the shortage in faculties and seats to train enough nurses in colleges, the report recommended that it was necessary to increase the number of nurses with a postgraduate degree and baccalaureate nurses (Noll, 2017). Further, it pointed out that nurses required additional skills to overcome the challenges they face, and advanced education was the most appropriate source of the skills. Therefore, the report indicated relevant Bodies should encourage nurses to equip themselves with the proper skill to overcome future challenges by obtaining higher education.
The report also recommends that nurses can take up leadership roles and therefore should take up such. The experience from being bedside nurses and having direct interaction with other practitioners and patients offers them adequate knowledge to formulate much-needed policies in the profession. Additionally, the report explains that nurses should work as equal partners with other practitioners to develop guidelines for the profession.
The report also recommended that nurses get detailed data on the resources available and the role in healthcare. Additionally, the report explained that nurses needed information just like other caregivers to ensure that they provided informed care. Further, the data would enable them to make informed decisions in the course of practice.
Once the report was released, most nursing institutions and professionals received it and called for bodies responsible for implementing the report to FastTrack the implementation process. Additionally, state action coalitions were formed to work alongside the government and other organizations to accelerate implementing the report’s recommendations. Consequently, Montgomery, et al. (2016), indicate that the number of nurses with higher education and specifically baccalaureate nurses had increased between 2010 and 2016 from 47% to 56%. The increase in the growth of nurses taking up the baccalaureate degree program has improved drastically, and the transition can be attributed to implementing the recommendations.
Today employers prefer nurses with baccalaureate degrees over those with associate degrees. According to Harrison et al. (2019), by 2015 more than 10% of hospitals in California ...
Running head RESEARCH PAPER OUTLINE1RESEARCH PAPER OUTLINE5.docxtodd521
Running head: RESEARCH PAPER OUTLINE 1
RESEARCH PAPER OUTLINE 5
Research Paper Outline: Servant Leadership
Introduction
· Definition and the history of the term servant leadership and example of how servant leadership works.
Research Hypothesis
· Hypothesis 1- Servant leadership leads to better organizational performance.
· Hypothesis 2- Political skills and servant leadership work together leading to employee creativity and positive workplace culture.
· Hypothesis 3- Servant leadership increases employee satisfaction.
Research methodology
· Sampling of 50 random junior employees and corporate managers from three companies in the United States to interview them on servant leadership.
Literature review
· Annotated bibliography 1
· Annotated bibliography 2
· Annotated bibliography 3
· Annotated bibliography 4
· Annotated bibliography 5
· Annotated bibliography 6
· Annotated bibliography 7
Findings
· Evidence of servant leadership across the sample of individuals evaluated
· General information observed regarding servant leadership
Research limitations
· Failed in establishing causality hence creating a gap that needs to be addressed in future through the application of different study designs.
· The study of servant leadership is part of the large topic that cannot be summarized into a small-paged paper. Therefore limited information was touched on regarding the subject matter.
Recommendations
· Recommendation 1- Managers should embrace servant leadership because of the benefits it brings to the organizations they lead.
· Recommendation 2- Employees should support servant leaders when they set examples for them.
· Recommendation 3- Excellent collaboration between the servant leader and the employees they are leading should be created for servant leadership to succeed.
Conclusion
· Summary of what is understood by the term servant leadershipsummary of the paper’s main points.
References
Giambatista, R., McKeage, R., & Brees, J. (2020). Cultures of Servant Leadership and Their Impact. The Journal of Values-Based Leadership, 13(1), 12. Retrieved from: https://scholar.valpo.edu/jvbl/vol13/iss1/12/
Chiniara, M., & Bentein, K. (2016). Linking servant leadership to individual performance: Differentiating the mediating role of autonomy, competence and relatedness need satisfaction. The Leadership Quarterly, 27(1), 124-141.
DeConinck, J., & DeConinck, M. B. (2017). The relationship between servant leadership perceived organizational support, performance, and turnover among business to business salespeople. Archives of Business Research, 5(10).
Eva, N., Robin, M., Sendjaya, S., van Dierendonck, D., & Liden, R. C. (2019). Servant leadership: A systematic review and call for future research. The Leadership Quarterly, 30(1), 111-132.
Gandolfi, F., & Stone, S. (2018). Leadership, leadership styles, and servant leadership. Journal of Management Research, 18(4), 261-269.
Jaiswal, N. K., & Dhar, R. L. (2017). The influence of servan.
2 nurs 6003 transition to graduate study for nursingabhi353063
The document is a template for an academic and professional success plan for a graduate nursing program. It includes sections for identifying an academic and professional network, academic and professional resources, strategies for maintaining academic integrity, analyzing a peer-reviewed research article on a topic of interest, developing a curriculum vitae, and finalizing a nursing specialty focus area. The template provides guidance for students to organize their goals and plan for success in their nursing studies and career.
Develop a 2-4-page scholarly paper in which you describe a qualimackulaytoni
Develop a 2-4-page scholarly paper in which you describe a quality or safety issue, or a chosen diagnosis, and then identify and analyze credible evidence that could be used as the basis for applying EBP to the issue.
The goal of using evidence-based research findings is to enhance safety and quality of patient care and ensure optimal outcomes are achieved. It is not uncommon to hear a nurse say, "why change it as we’ve always done it this way." However, this is no longer acceptable in today's practice environment. The profession of nursing has evolved, and the expectation is that the professional nurse has a scientific foundation to support the care that is provided. As the profession of nursing continues to evolve and engage in health care transformation, baccalaureate-prepared nurses are expanding taking on leadership roles that include incorporating EBPs. To be able to do this, the nurse needs to understand the criteria and makes a resource credible, as this is crucial when deciding if the research is valid and reliable for implementation into health care settings.
It would be an excellent choice to complete the Vila Health Determining the Credibility of Evidence activity prior to developing the report. The activity is a media simulation that offers an opportunity to review a scenario and work on determining the credibility of presented evidence. These skills will be necessary to complete Assessment 2 successfully. This media simulation is one potential source of context on which to base your assessment submission. This will take just a few minutes of your time and is not graded.
DEMONSTRATION OF PROFICIENCY
By successfully completing this assessment, you will demonstrate your proficiency in the course competencies through the following assessment scoring guide criteria:
Competency 2: Analyze the relevance and potential effectiveness of evidence when making a decision.
Explain criteria that should be considered when determining credibility of resources such as journal articles and websites.
Analyze the credibility and relevance of evidence and resources within the context of a quality or safety issue, or a chosen diagnosis.
Competency 3: Apply an evidence-based practice model to address a practice issue.
Explain the importance of incorporating credible evidence into an EBP model used to address a quality or safety issue, or a chosen diagnosis.
Competency 4: Plan care based on the best available evidence.
Describe a quality or safety issue, or a chosen diagnosis, that could benefit from an evidence-based approach.
Competency 5: Apply professional, scholarly communication strategies to lead practice changes based on evidence.
Communicate using writing that is clear, logical, and professional with correct grammar and spelling using current APA style.
PROFESSIONAL CONTEXT
As a baccalaureate-prepared nurse, you will be responsible for locating and identifying credible and scholarly resources to inco ...
Success of Healthcare System Literature Review.pdfsdfghj21
The document provides a literature review on success of healthcare systems and preventing nursing burnout. It discusses 5 research articles that examine factors causing burnout among nurses such as lack of resources, heavy workload, and poor management. The articles recommend strategies to address burnout like increasing staffing, improving work conditions, enhancing human resource management, and promoting self-care activities. The literature review compares the articles' research questions, methods, findings and recommendations for reducing burnout and improving patient satisfaction and healthcare outcomes.
Running head EFFECTS OF NON-FAMILY WORKERS ON FAMILY BUSINESS.docxtodd271
Running head: EFFECTS OF NON-FAMILY WORKERS ON FAMILY BUSINESS
1
EFFECTS OF NON-FAMILY WORKERS ON FAMILY BUSINESS
3
Effects of Non-Family Workers on Family Business
Students’ name
Tutor
Course
Date
Family businesses are owned by two or more members of the same family (Reed, 2017). The family business can be owned and managed by members of the family and is intended to realize different types of returns including returns on the relationship, return on finances, and emotional return (Aguinis, 2014). This type of business is fully owned and managed by members of the family who assume different positions in the organization. Some instances, however, need where the family business is forced to hire non-family members (Grzywacz & Handlowa, 2016). When a non-family member is hired in a family owned and managed business the action leads to significant effects on the business performance (Glas, Mirtič, & Pšeničny, 2016). Several factors affect family business which include the need to maintain family relation, social factors, management of family and business. This research therefore seeks to distinguish the difference brought about when the non-family member is introduced in the executive position of a family business.
The study seeks to test the hypothesis that when a non-family member is included in a family owned and managed business at the executive level the business performance is improved
. The study will attract several dependent and independent variables. The independent variable will include attitude, level of social interaction, personal interests, and family conflicts. The dependent variable on the other hand includes the business profitability level. There are intervening variables which include the impact of non-family member, the business interest and legal requirements
.
Literature review
According to Hisrich, Peters, & Shepherd (2017) Family members are closely related to each
other, and this makes management of the business mostly personal. When the members of the family tend to argue the work done, they take things to a personal and family level that could result in severe conflict and poor management of the firm (Wolff & Resnick, 2012). Organizations run by the family members strive to create a distinction between the family and business issues making it difficult for them to operate (Searing, 2016). Other members also embezzle funds for the business with the idea that it’s a family issue and rarely will legal action be taken against them (Ritonija, et al., 2015). According to the principles of economics the business and the owner should be treated as two different entities, however creating the distinction becomes difficult in the family business (Johnson, 2015). The inclusion of purely family members in the business could, therefore, be fatal at some point.
According to Lussier & Hendon (2016) introduction of non-family members in family business creates a sense of increased respect for the organization. The non-.
This document provides an outline for an introduction and background section on the topic of critical thinking in nursing. It begins by describing the topic and establishing context. It then orients the reader to the basic concepts presented in the problem and purpose statements, including that critical thinking and clinical decision-making skills need improvement among novice nurses. The document presents the problem statement that educators need training procedures to improve these skills in nursing students. It then provides an overview explaining why improving these skills is currently important.
creation_of_a_multi-rater_feedback_assessment_for_the_development_of_servant_...Jamie Lewis Smith, Ph.D.
This document describes the Veterans Health Administration's (VHA) process of creating a culture of servant leadership. It discusses how the VHA developed a multi-rater feedback assessment based on a leading servant leadership model to help leaders identify servant leadership behaviors to develop. The assessment was created using best practices for culture change and leadership development from the literature. The VHA aims to use both primary "culture-embedding mechanisms" like leader behaviors as well as secondary reinforcing mechanisms like formal policies and mission statements to embed servant leadership in its culture over time. The creation of the multi-rater assessment is a first step in intentionally developing servant leaders at the VHA.
Create a 3-5 page submission in which you develop a PICO(T) questiCruzIbarra161
Create a 3-5 page submission in which you develop a PICO(T) question for a specific care issue and evaluate the evidence you locate, which could help to answer the question.
Introduction
PICO(T) is an acronym that helps researchers and practitioners define aspects of a potential study or investigation.
It stands for:
· P – Patient/population/problem.
· I – Intervention.
· C – Comparison (of potential interventions, typically).
· O - Outcome(s).
· T - Time frame (if time frame is relevant).
The end goal of applying PICO(T) is to develop a question that can help guide the search for evidence (Boswell & Cannon, 2015). From this perspective, a PICO(T) question can be a valuable starting point for nurses who are starting to apply an evidence-based model or EBPs. By taking the time to precisely define the areas in which the nurse will be looking for evidence, searches become more efficient and effective. Essentially, by precisely defining the types of evidence within specific areas, the nurse will be more likely to discover relevant and useful evidence during their search. When applying the PICO(T) approach, the nurse can isolate the interventions of interest and compare to other existing interventions for the evidenced impact on the outcome of the concern.
You are encouraged to complete the Vila Health PICO(T) Process activity before you develop the plan proposal. This activity offers an opportunity to practice working through creating a PICO(T) question within the context of an issue at a Vila Health facility. These skills will be necessary to complete Assessment 3 successfully. This is for your own practice and self-assessment and demonstrates your engagement in the course.
Reference
Boswell, C., & Cannon, S. (2015). Introduction to nursing research. Jones & Bartlett Learning.
Professional Context
As a baccalaureate-prepared nurse, you will be responsible for locating and identifying credible and scholarly resources to incorporate the best available evidence for the purposes of enhancing clinical reasoning and judgement skills. When reliable and relevant evidence-based findings are utilized, patients, health care systems, and nursing practice outcomes are positively impacted.
PICO(T) is a framework that can help you structure your definition of the issue, potential approach that you are going to use, and your predictions related to the issue. Word choice is important in the PICO(T) process because different word choices for similar concepts will lead you toward different existing evidence and research studies that would help inform the development of your initial question. When writing a PICO(T)-formatted research question, you want to focus on the impact of the intervention and the comparison on the outcome you desire.
Scenario
For this assessment, please use a health care issue of interest from your current or past nursing practice.
If you do not have an issue of interest from your personal nursing practice, then review the optional Case Stu ...
Application 3 Becoming a Leader in the Translation of Evidence GrazynaBroyles24
Application 3: Becoming a Leader in the Translation of Evidence to Practice
Reflect on your growth, professionally and personally, since you embarked on your DNP journey. The AACN believes that one of the benefits of a practice doctorate is that it enhances your leadership skills to “strengthen practice and health care delivery” (2006, p. 5). As you continue to engage in your practicum experience, be cognizant of your growth in these areas.
In Week 6, you were asked to reflect on your leadership skills for this Assignment. This week, you continue your reflection on leadership and how you can lead the translation of evidence to practice through contribution to policy development.
Prepare
for this week’s section of Application 3 as follows:
Building on the work you began in Week 6 for this Application, review this week’s Discussion posting, and consider how you can lead policy development to address your EBP Project issue.
To complete:
Due tomorrow 10/11/18 before midnight
Write a 2- to 3-page paper in APA format with a minimum of 5 scholarly references less than 5 years old that synthesizes (
DO NOT GO OVER THREE PAGES):
Your vision of yourself as a leader—specifically:
1) How you would continue to increase your knowledge and awareness of financial, economic, and other concerns related to new practice approaches (
see week 6 discussion attached you did for me
, except focus on the critics the professor added for me [see bold and underlined professor critique below] which you failed to include in this discussion
2) How translating evidence would enable you to affect or strengthen health care delivery and nursing practice
3)
How you would advocate for the use of new evidence-based practice approaches through the policy arena
(see week 7 discussion attached you did for me)
Professor Critics in week 6 on the cost and financial impact of the implementation of the project
Dear student: Thank you for your contribution to this week’s discussion. You brought forward potential costs associated with increased mobilization of ICU patients….namely the need for more nurse time. Do you have some hard numbers you can provide on the potential cost of this? Do you have any local or national information on the cost of not mobilizing the patients (longer stays, increased infection, readmission)? Calculating approximate cost associated with the practice change versus the cost of not changing is important. This will help stakeholders see the value in the investment.
Required Readings
White, K. M., Dudley-Brown, S., & Terharr, M. F. (2016).
Translation of evidence into nursing and health care practice
(2nd ed.). New York, NY: Springer.
Chapter 6, “Translation of Evidence for Leadership”
Balakas, K., Sparks, L., Steurer, L., & Bryant, T. (2013). An outcome of evidence-based practiced education: Sustained clinical decision-making among bedside nurses.
Journal of Pediatric Nursing
, 28, 479-485.
...
ORIGINAL RESEARCH EMPIRICAL RESEARCH –QUALITATIVEBuildi.docxgerardkortney
The document evaluates Wenger's Community of Practice model for building research capacity among advanced practice nurses. A Community of Practice was established comprising 25 nurses who participated in research training and mentorship over 7 years. Data sources including communications, evaluations and observations were analyzed using Wenger's principles and qualitative description. Key findings were that the model invited varying participation levels, allowed research community evolution, and created research interactions/relationships. Participants valued research for patients and its significance in enriching practice and increasing visibility of their work. Extensive research dissemination and higher degree enrolment confirmed this value. The Community of Practice model was found to effectively enable research capacity and productivity for advanced practice nurses.
Assessment of healthcare providers’ collaboration at governmental hospitalsiyad shaqura
This is the presentation of master thesis in public health which was about the assessment of healthcare providers collaboration at governmental hospitals in Gaza Governorates in Palestine.
1.10 Contact Info for Site Approver & Expected Approval Date1.Je.docxjackiewalcutt
1.10 Contact Info for Site Approver & Expected Approval Date
1.Jennifer Lopez (713)770-7107-pending & pending
2.Robert Garza (713)791-1414
3. Karl Covington (713)695-8686
Section #2
To be completed by Learner
2.1 Project
Write approximately one paragraph that describes the action research project and the basis for it being addressed.
The action research project deals with a pertinent leadership effectiveness issue created by the healthcare reform process in healthcare institutions across the United States. The reform process has created a dynamic environment that is in constant flux. Essentially, healthcare reform institutionalization has proved to be very beneficial. For instance, strives to reduce high costs of healthcare. Additionally, it ensures that effective delivery of primary care is achieved so as to reduce the prevalence of chronic illnesses such as diabetes and cardiac-related health problems. The shift towards preventive care for the reduction of chronic illnesses requires more engagement between the patients and the doctors and closer follow-ups of patient outcomes. This requires a leadership that is effective in engendering a workforce that is responsive to long-term patient needs. This means the healthcare professionals such as the physicians and nurses need effective leadership in hospital management so as to ensure they are motivated and engaged in the change process through teamwork and partnerships within hierarchical structures. Therefore, the purpose of this action research is to provide a leadership model and qualities of leadership most relevant for the dynamic healthcare environment. The action research project evaluates the case about the Hospital Corporation of America (HCA), Houston, Texas, to understand the leadership mechanisms within the institution and how they influence employee and patient outcomes. Based on the findings of the studies conducted, the possibility of using the leadership model proposed to improve outcomes will be elaborated upon. Comment by Heather: Please consider revising this sentence. The project cannot deal. Comment by Zerwekh, Tyler: How so? Reference? Comment by Heather: Incomplete sentence. Please revise. Comment by Zerwekh, Tyler: Strides? Comment by Heather: I understand why you would select this word- but at quick glance it can be confusing and even mistook for engineering. You may want to reconsider a synonym like generate or produce. Comment by Heather: Will your research be providing the model or will it be looking at existing models? Will you be doing a pilot study will you introduce a model and then examining the model through prospective follow-up? Of are you just looking at the current leadership style then gaging outcomes? It is a bit ambiguous in nature how you will be conducting your study. Comment by Zerwekh, Tyler: This still reads confusing. Consider revising Comment by Heather: I think really you are looking at how the leadership mechanisms impact or influ ...
Annotated Bibliography – Part 1 1
September 4, 2016
Annotated Bibliography – Part 1 2
Scandura, T. A., & Pellegrini, E. K. (2008). Trust and leader-member exchange: A closer
look at relational vulnerability. Journal of Leadership & Organizational Studies,
15(2), 101–110. doi: 10.1177/1548051808320986
The study by Scandura and Pellegrini examined the effect of trust in a leader-member
exchange (LMX) quality, which they conducted amongst 228 full-time employed professionals
enrolled in an Executive MBA program at a large Southeastern University. The authors achieved
this by espousing Lewicki, Bunker, and Stevenson’s 11-item scaling method, which explored the
Calculus-Based Trust (CBT), and Identification-Based Trust (IBT) scales. The scales are rated
on the Cronbach alpha index to show their proportionality and linearity with LMX. Scandura and
Pellegrini’s study revealed that a third-order “S-shaped” polynomial relationship existed between
the CBT and LMX. They also found out that a linear relationship existed between the IBT and
LMX, thereby providing support for their Hypothesis number 2.
The authors’ work draws strength from some four decades of available leadership
researches and their opposition with leadership styles. Their main proposition is connected to the
fact that leaders differentiate in their dyadic relationship with followers rather than espousing a
particular leadership style with other members of the team or group. According to them, recent
studies has resulted to the LMX research development, which in their view, asserts that the
supervisor–subordinate dyad exist between two different possibilities ranging from “low-quality”
relationship to “high-quality” relationships.
Scandura & Pellegrini’s finding reveals the significance of trust in the leader as a
valuable tool between LMX and performance. This is affirmative, as the LMX concept is
analyzed as a “trust-building” process. The implications of this study of the social exchange
theory (SET) are that it will help in providing strategies on how ethical leaders affect
Annotated Bibliography – Part 1 3
organizational goals and outcomes. Some researchers posit that the SET suggests that team
members and employees requite the leaders' behavior on them on a mutual ground. Relationship
in social exchange can eventually evolve which is characterized by good levels of trust and
diminished levels of control. The important concern is that it is pertinent to note that some of the
LMX parameters have measures that are directly correlated with the concept of trust. I contend
that power distance, which is an important cultural factor in any social exchange, may have an
influence in an LMX relationship. Consequently, further research should be conducted in order
to investigate the different perspectives of trust, and other non-linear results.
Wu, J. B., Tsui, A. S., & Kinicki, A. .
Week 5 WorksheetDirections For this assignment complete the work sh.docxhelzerpatrina
The document is a research paper that examines how organizational culture and leadership style affect employees' performance based on gender. The paper seeks to investigate if organizational culture has a statistically significant effect on performance for both genders, and whether leadership style mediates this relationship. The authors conducted a quantitative study of 40 service companies in the Middle East. The findings suggest that organizational culture and leadership style do influence employee performance and that there are gender implications. Managers need to consider building an organizational culture of acceptance and developing employees' skills, as well as implementing fair reward programs for both genders.
Impact of The Mobilization Effort on Hospital Staffing.docx4934bk
The document discusses creating a mobilization plan PowerPoint presentation for sending 20 nurses from a healthcare organization on a 4-month mission to treat patients exposed to a virus in Africa. The presentation must address:
1) The impact on hospital staffing and ensuring safe, quality care for mission patients and staff
2) Potential multicultural and diversity issues the mission team may face
3) The organizational structure of the medical mission team and how it will empower members
This article summarizes a journal article that examines distributed leadership in higher education institutions. The authors interviewed 25 individuals from project teams to identify factors influencing distributed leadership at both the organizational and team levels. At the organizational level, they found leadership requires involvement with external stakeholders and alignment with the wider institution context. At the team level, critical internal conditions like autonomy and clear goals/responsibilities as well as processes like information sharing and coordination influence distributed leadership. The findings provide an integrated framework for understanding distributed leadership in higher education.
Running head The Importance of Communication in the Workplace.docxtoltonkendal
Running head: The Importance of Communication in the Workplace
The Importance of Communication in the workplace
Project
Introduction
The lack of interpersonal communications between public administrators and their staff members can have a number of consequences in the workplace. One of the consequences is disorganization and disorder among the employees about their duties and tasks ascribed to them. Another consequence is a failure to pursue organizational objectives in an effective manner, which has repercussions in serving the greater public. A lack of communication between public administrators and their staff members can also create conditions of chaos and division in regards to pursuing what is best for the public constituents (Denhardt, R.B., Denhardt, J.V. & Aristigueta, M.P., 2013). The research question to be addressed in this study is: Does good communication between leaders and employees improve employee productivity?
In organizations the lack of communication and how it impacts on the teamwork has a negative relation with the organization goals. For instance, Dekay (2012 ) asserts that a major pitfall in organizational workplaces is the lack of knowledge and skills in regards to interpersonal communications. This author embarks on a research effort to clarify that many employers fail to place any value on improving written communications, and in addressing oral communications, many of their approaches are insufficient or inadequate. It is found in this research effort that interpersonal communication skills are critically important for productive, successful employees, while those who have less developed or inadequate interpersonal communication skills struggle to achieve positive outcomes. Delcambre (2010) clarifies the nature of interactions, transactions, and exchanges in an organizational setting to distinguish the value of interpersonal communications. By focusing in on the exact nature of these interactions, transactions, and exchanges in organizational settings, this author attempts to demonstrate the positive impacts of interpersonal communication skills. It is evident that when managers and employees deploy interpersonal communication skills effectively that they have much greater success. Bonaccio and colleagues (2016) research they often-overlooked dimension of non-verbal communications in the social worlds of organizations. It is discovered by these researchers that management has lagged behind in understanding the crucial importance of their non-verbal behaviors on their subordinates. It is asserted that nonverbal behavior by management has extensive impacts on the productivity of their subordinates. Choren (2015) asserts that interpersonal communication skills are vital for professional development and personal growth in organizational settings. This author explains that interpersonal communication skills are vital for employees in any organizational context to transmit useful, valuable information to eac ...
This document summarizes a study that examined the relationship between hospital managers' leadership adaptability scores and subordinate job satisfaction. 240 subordinates from hospitals in the southern US participated. The study used Hersey's Situational Leadership Model and Spector's Job Satisfaction Scale. Results found the most common leadership styles were selling and delegating. Participants rated contingent reward as most important for job satisfaction. 60% reported managers had low leadership adaptability scores, while 10% reported high scores and 30% reported moderate scores. The purpose was to examine this relationship to provide recommendations for improving job satisfaction.
11Getting Started with PhoneGapWHAT’S IN THIS CHAPTERSantosConleyha
11
Getting Started with PhoneGap
WHAT’S IN THIS CHAPTER?
! History of PhoneGap
! Di! erences between HTML5 and PhoneGap
! Getting a development environment set up
! Implementing the Derby App
PhoneGap is an open source set of tools created by Nitobi
Solution
s (now part of Adobe)
that enables you to create mobile applications for multiple devices by utilizing the same code.
PhoneGap is a hybrid mobile application framework that allows the use of HTML, CSS,
and JavaScript to write applications that are based on the open standards of the web. These
applications also have access to the native functionality of the device. PhoneGap has been
downloaded more than 600,000 times, and more than 1,000 apps built with PhoneGap are
available in the respective app stores, which makes PhoneGap a viable solution for creating
cross-platform mobile apps.
HISTORY OF PHONEGAP
PhoneGap was started at the San Francisco iPhone Dev Camp in August 2008. iOS was shaping
up to become a popular mobile platform, but the learning curve for Objective-C was more work
than many developers wanted to take on. PhoneGap originally started as a headless browser
implementation for the iPhone. Because of the popularity of HTML/CSS/JavaScript, it was a
goal that this project use technologies with which many developers where already familiar.
Based on the growing popularity of the framework, in October 2008 Nitobi added support
for Android and BlackBerry. PhoneGap was awarded the People’s Choice award at the Web2.0
Expo Launch Pad in 2009, which was the start of developers recognizing PhoneGap as a
valuable mobile development tool. PhoneGap version 0.7.2 was released in April 2009, and
was the fi rst version for which the Android and iPhone APIs were equivalent.
c11.indd 309c11.indd 309 28/07/12 6:08 PM28/07/12 6:08 PM
310 " CHAPTER 11 GETTING STARTED WITH PHONEGAP
In September 2009 Apple approved the use of the PhoneGap platform to build apps for the iPhone
store. Apple required that all PhoneGap apps be built using at least version 0.8.0 of the PhoneGap
software. In July 2011, PhoneGap released version 1.0.0.
WHY USE PHONEGAP?
PhoneGap enables you to leverage your current HTML, CSS, and JavaScript skill sets to create a mobile
application. This can greatly speed up development time. When you develop for multiple platforms
using PhoneGap, you can reuse the majority of the code you have written for the mobile project, further
reducing development costs. It isn’t necessary to learn Java, C#, and Objective-C to create an applica-
tion with PhoneGap that can target iPhone, Android, BlackBerry, and Windows Phone 7.
If you fi nd native functionality missing from PhoneGap, you can extend the functionality of the
PhoneGap platform using native code. With the PhoneGap add-in structure, you can create an add-in
using the native language of the device and a JavaScript API that will call the native plug-in you
created. Cross-platfo ...
11Proposal Part One - Part 1 Influence of Internet on TourismSantosConleyha
11
Proposal Part One - Part 1: Influence of Internet on Tourism Industry
Research Proposal: Influence of Internet on Tourism Industry
Introduction
The tourism industry has been among the best-valued sectors within the nation to generate massive revenue for the government. Besides, the industry is considered among the earliest since it started several decades ago. For an extended period, the industry uses Integrated Marketing Communications to promote their various products and services to the entire world. The introduction of technology in the industry leads to improvements in the sectors. Most individuals without extensive information on the tourism industry can access the data in their comfort zones. It implies that IT and internet technology play a significant role in ensuring effective strategy due to its existence globally.
Most European countries have tried to promote and implement internet technology in ensuring satisfactory delivery of products and services (Kayumovich, 2020). Since it has a custom within the tourism and hotel industry to provide intangible products and services, including but not limited to services alongside comfort, the internet has been an effective method of delivering its messages to the targeted customers. Also, through internet technology, the industry has achieved more customers in the global market, including the European market. The promotion of branding within the European tourism industry has been effective due to the introduction and implementation of internet technology. Thus, the internet is believed to significantly influence the tourism industry in various sectors, including but limited to infrastructure, travel, alongside the marketing sector. Before introducing the internet alongside the IT, travelling of customers was dangerous and unpleasant since travellers had constraint understanding of locations they were visiting.
As a result, the existing vacationers of time had limited knowledge of the cultures and terrain alongside the climate change and patterns necessary to stimulate the travelling issues. Therefore, tourism sectors, including but not limited to tour companies, travel agencies and other like hotels, had developed strategies necessary to promote booking and reservation processes (David-Negre et al. 2018). However, several decades ago, popular sites were visited by tourists. It implies that the tourism sectors within the local or remote area faced challenges of securing sufficient clients as people were could not define the destination. Also, shortage of information on a particular region leads to reduced travelling by visitors. The research involved the utilization of relevant literature review on the subject matter to provide factual information. Therefore, the report offers adequate information on the influence of the internet on the tourism industry. This research would give me the stage to show my finding and view and also propose how the internet can be leveraged to an extend i ...
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IOM Future of Nursing Report and NursingNameInstitutionTatianaMajor22
IOM Future of Nursing Report and Nursing
Name
Institution
Course
Professor
Date
IOM Future of Nursing Report and Nursing
Introduction
In 2010 the Robert wood Johnson foundation (RWJF) committee released a report named the future of nursing: leading change, advancing health. The report was based on an analysis of the future requirements and the challenges faced by nurses. In the report, the committee articulated four main messages that should be implemented to enhance the care provided by nurses.
The committee presented recommendations to the policymakers and State governments to implement measures to enhance the care provided by the caregivers. First, it recommended transformation in nursing education. While drawing attention to the shortage in faculties and seats to train enough nurses in colleges, the report recommended that it was necessary to increase the number of nurses with a postgraduate degree and baccalaureate nurses (Noll, 2017). Further, it pointed out that nurses required additional skills to overcome the challenges they face, and advanced education was the most appropriate source of the skills. Therefore, the report indicated relevant Bodies should encourage nurses to equip themselves with the proper skill to overcome future challenges by obtaining higher education.
The report also recommends that nurses can take up leadership roles and therefore should take up such. The experience from being bedside nurses and having direct interaction with other practitioners and patients offers them adequate knowledge to formulate much-needed policies in the profession. Additionally, the report explains that nurses should work as equal partners with other practitioners to develop guidelines for the profession.
The report also recommended that nurses get detailed data on the resources available and the role in healthcare. Additionally, the report explained that nurses needed information just like other caregivers to ensure that they provided informed care. Further, the data would enable them to make informed decisions in the course of practice.
Once the report was released, most nursing institutions and professionals received it and called for bodies responsible for implementing the report to FastTrack the implementation process. Additionally, state action coalitions were formed to work alongside the government and other organizations to accelerate implementing the report’s recommendations. Consequently, Montgomery, et al. (2016), indicate that the number of nurses with higher education and specifically baccalaureate nurses had increased between 2010 and 2016 from 47% to 56%. The increase in the growth of nurses taking up the baccalaureate degree program has improved drastically, and the transition can be attributed to implementing the recommendations.
Today employers prefer nurses with baccalaureate degrees over those with associate degrees. According to Harrison et al. (2019), by 2015 more than 10% of hospitals in California ...
Running head RESEARCH PAPER OUTLINE1RESEARCH PAPER OUTLINE5.docxtodd521
Running head: RESEARCH PAPER OUTLINE 1
RESEARCH PAPER OUTLINE 5
Research Paper Outline: Servant Leadership
Introduction
· Definition and the history of the term servant leadership and example of how servant leadership works.
Research Hypothesis
· Hypothesis 1- Servant leadership leads to better organizational performance.
· Hypothesis 2- Political skills and servant leadership work together leading to employee creativity and positive workplace culture.
· Hypothesis 3- Servant leadership increases employee satisfaction.
Research methodology
· Sampling of 50 random junior employees and corporate managers from three companies in the United States to interview them on servant leadership.
Literature review
· Annotated bibliography 1
· Annotated bibliography 2
· Annotated bibliography 3
· Annotated bibliography 4
· Annotated bibliography 5
· Annotated bibliography 6
· Annotated bibliography 7
Findings
· Evidence of servant leadership across the sample of individuals evaluated
· General information observed regarding servant leadership
Research limitations
· Failed in establishing causality hence creating a gap that needs to be addressed in future through the application of different study designs.
· The study of servant leadership is part of the large topic that cannot be summarized into a small-paged paper. Therefore limited information was touched on regarding the subject matter.
Recommendations
· Recommendation 1- Managers should embrace servant leadership because of the benefits it brings to the organizations they lead.
· Recommendation 2- Employees should support servant leaders when they set examples for them.
· Recommendation 3- Excellent collaboration between the servant leader and the employees they are leading should be created for servant leadership to succeed.
Conclusion
· Summary of what is understood by the term servant leadershipsummary of the paper’s main points.
References
Giambatista, R., McKeage, R., & Brees, J. (2020). Cultures of Servant Leadership and Their Impact. The Journal of Values-Based Leadership, 13(1), 12. Retrieved from: https://scholar.valpo.edu/jvbl/vol13/iss1/12/
Chiniara, M., & Bentein, K. (2016). Linking servant leadership to individual performance: Differentiating the mediating role of autonomy, competence and relatedness need satisfaction. The Leadership Quarterly, 27(1), 124-141.
DeConinck, J., & DeConinck, M. B. (2017). The relationship between servant leadership perceived organizational support, performance, and turnover among business to business salespeople. Archives of Business Research, 5(10).
Eva, N., Robin, M., Sendjaya, S., van Dierendonck, D., & Liden, R. C. (2019). Servant leadership: A systematic review and call for future research. The Leadership Quarterly, 30(1), 111-132.
Gandolfi, F., & Stone, S. (2018). Leadership, leadership styles, and servant leadership. Journal of Management Research, 18(4), 261-269.
Jaiswal, N. K., & Dhar, R. L. (2017). The influence of servan.
2 nurs 6003 transition to graduate study for nursingabhi353063
The document is a template for an academic and professional success plan for a graduate nursing program. It includes sections for identifying an academic and professional network, academic and professional resources, strategies for maintaining academic integrity, analyzing a peer-reviewed research article on a topic of interest, developing a curriculum vitae, and finalizing a nursing specialty focus area. The template provides guidance for students to organize their goals and plan for success in their nursing studies and career.
Develop a 2-4-page scholarly paper in which you describe a qualimackulaytoni
Develop a 2-4-page scholarly paper in which you describe a quality or safety issue, or a chosen diagnosis, and then identify and analyze credible evidence that could be used as the basis for applying EBP to the issue.
The goal of using evidence-based research findings is to enhance safety and quality of patient care and ensure optimal outcomes are achieved. It is not uncommon to hear a nurse say, "why change it as we’ve always done it this way." However, this is no longer acceptable in today's practice environment. The profession of nursing has evolved, and the expectation is that the professional nurse has a scientific foundation to support the care that is provided. As the profession of nursing continues to evolve and engage in health care transformation, baccalaureate-prepared nurses are expanding taking on leadership roles that include incorporating EBPs. To be able to do this, the nurse needs to understand the criteria and makes a resource credible, as this is crucial when deciding if the research is valid and reliable for implementation into health care settings.
It would be an excellent choice to complete the Vila Health Determining the Credibility of Evidence activity prior to developing the report. The activity is a media simulation that offers an opportunity to review a scenario and work on determining the credibility of presented evidence. These skills will be necessary to complete Assessment 2 successfully. This media simulation is one potential source of context on which to base your assessment submission. This will take just a few minutes of your time and is not graded.
DEMONSTRATION OF PROFICIENCY
By successfully completing this assessment, you will demonstrate your proficiency in the course competencies through the following assessment scoring guide criteria:
Competency 2: Analyze the relevance and potential effectiveness of evidence when making a decision.
Explain criteria that should be considered when determining credibility of resources such as journal articles and websites.
Analyze the credibility and relevance of evidence and resources within the context of a quality or safety issue, or a chosen diagnosis.
Competency 3: Apply an evidence-based practice model to address a practice issue.
Explain the importance of incorporating credible evidence into an EBP model used to address a quality or safety issue, or a chosen diagnosis.
Competency 4: Plan care based on the best available evidence.
Describe a quality or safety issue, or a chosen diagnosis, that could benefit from an evidence-based approach.
Competency 5: Apply professional, scholarly communication strategies to lead practice changes based on evidence.
Communicate using writing that is clear, logical, and professional with correct grammar and spelling using current APA style.
PROFESSIONAL CONTEXT
As a baccalaureate-prepared nurse, you will be responsible for locating and identifying credible and scholarly resources to inco ...
Success of Healthcare System Literature Review.pdfsdfghj21
The document provides a literature review on success of healthcare systems and preventing nursing burnout. It discusses 5 research articles that examine factors causing burnout among nurses such as lack of resources, heavy workload, and poor management. The articles recommend strategies to address burnout like increasing staffing, improving work conditions, enhancing human resource management, and promoting self-care activities. The literature review compares the articles' research questions, methods, findings and recommendations for reducing burnout and improving patient satisfaction and healthcare outcomes.
Running head EFFECTS OF NON-FAMILY WORKERS ON FAMILY BUSINESS.docxtodd271
Running head: EFFECTS OF NON-FAMILY WORKERS ON FAMILY BUSINESS
1
EFFECTS OF NON-FAMILY WORKERS ON FAMILY BUSINESS
3
Effects of Non-Family Workers on Family Business
Students’ name
Tutor
Course
Date
Family businesses are owned by two or more members of the same family (Reed, 2017). The family business can be owned and managed by members of the family and is intended to realize different types of returns including returns on the relationship, return on finances, and emotional return (Aguinis, 2014). This type of business is fully owned and managed by members of the family who assume different positions in the organization. Some instances, however, need where the family business is forced to hire non-family members (Grzywacz & Handlowa, 2016). When a non-family member is hired in a family owned and managed business the action leads to significant effects on the business performance (Glas, Mirtič, & Pšeničny, 2016). Several factors affect family business which include the need to maintain family relation, social factors, management of family and business. This research therefore seeks to distinguish the difference brought about when the non-family member is introduced in the executive position of a family business.
The study seeks to test the hypothesis that when a non-family member is included in a family owned and managed business at the executive level the business performance is improved
. The study will attract several dependent and independent variables. The independent variable will include attitude, level of social interaction, personal interests, and family conflicts. The dependent variable on the other hand includes the business profitability level. There are intervening variables which include the impact of non-family member, the business interest and legal requirements
.
Literature review
According to Hisrich, Peters, & Shepherd (2017) Family members are closely related to each
other, and this makes management of the business mostly personal. When the members of the family tend to argue the work done, they take things to a personal and family level that could result in severe conflict and poor management of the firm (Wolff & Resnick, 2012). Organizations run by the family members strive to create a distinction between the family and business issues making it difficult for them to operate (Searing, 2016). Other members also embezzle funds for the business with the idea that it’s a family issue and rarely will legal action be taken against them (Ritonija, et al., 2015). According to the principles of economics the business and the owner should be treated as two different entities, however creating the distinction becomes difficult in the family business (Johnson, 2015). The inclusion of purely family members in the business could, therefore, be fatal at some point.
According to Lussier & Hendon (2016) introduction of non-family members in family business creates a sense of increased respect for the organization. The non-.
This document provides an outline for an introduction and background section on the topic of critical thinking in nursing. It begins by describing the topic and establishing context. It then orients the reader to the basic concepts presented in the problem and purpose statements, including that critical thinking and clinical decision-making skills need improvement among novice nurses. The document presents the problem statement that educators need training procedures to improve these skills in nursing students. It then provides an overview explaining why improving these skills is currently important.
creation_of_a_multi-rater_feedback_assessment_for_the_development_of_servant_...Jamie Lewis Smith, Ph.D.
This document describes the Veterans Health Administration's (VHA) process of creating a culture of servant leadership. It discusses how the VHA developed a multi-rater feedback assessment based on a leading servant leadership model to help leaders identify servant leadership behaviors to develop. The assessment was created using best practices for culture change and leadership development from the literature. The VHA aims to use both primary "culture-embedding mechanisms" like leader behaviors as well as secondary reinforcing mechanisms like formal policies and mission statements to embed servant leadership in its culture over time. The creation of the multi-rater assessment is a first step in intentionally developing servant leaders at the VHA.
Create a 3-5 page submission in which you develop a PICO(T) questiCruzIbarra161
Create a 3-5 page submission in which you develop a PICO(T) question for a specific care issue and evaluate the evidence you locate, which could help to answer the question.
Introduction
PICO(T) is an acronym that helps researchers and practitioners define aspects of a potential study or investigation.
It stands for:
· P – Patient/population/problem.
· I – Intervention.
· C – Comparison (of potential interventions, typically).
· O - Outcome(s).
· T - Time frame (if time frame is relevant).
The end goal of applying PICO(T) is to develop a question that can help guide the search for evidence (Boswell & Cannon, 2015). From this perspective, a PICO(T) question can be a valuable starting point for nurses who are starting to apply an evidence-based model or EBPs. By taking the time to precisely define the areas in which the nurse will be looking for evidence, searches become more efficient and effective. Essentially, by precisely defining the types of evidence within specific areas, the nurse will be more likely to discover relevant and useful evidence during their search. When applying the PICO(T) approach, the nurse can isolate the interventions of interest and compare to other existing interventions for the evidenced impact on the outcome of the concern.
You are encouraged to complete the Vila Health PICO(T) Process activity before you develop the plan proposal. This activity offers an opportunity to practice working through creating a PICO(T) question within the context of an issue at a Vila Health facility. These skills will be necessary to complete Assessment 3 successfully. This is for your own practice and self-assessment and demonstrates your engagement in the course.
Reference
Boswell, C., & Cannon, S. (2015). Introduction to nursing research. Jones & Bartlett Learning.
Professional Context
As a baccalaureate-prepared nurse, you will be responsible for locating and identifying credible and scholarly resources to incorporate the best available evidence for the purposes of enhancing clinical reasoning and judgement skills. When reliable and relevant evidence-based findings are utilized, patients, health care systems, and nursing practice outcomes are positively impacted.
PICO(T) is a framework that can help you structure your definition of the issue, potential approach that you are going to use, and your predictions related to the issue. Word choice is important in the PICO(T) process because different word choices for similar concepts will lead you toward different existing evidence and research studies that would help inform the development of your initial question. When writing a PICO(T)-formatted research question, you want to focus on the impact of the intervention and the comparison on the outcome you desire.
Scenario
For this assessment, please use a health care issue of interest from your current or past nursing practice.
If you do not have an issue of interest from your personal nursing practice, then review the optional Case Stu ...
Application 3 Becoming a Leader in the Translation of Evidence GrazynaBroyles24
Application 3: Becoming a Leader in the Translation of Evidence to Practice
Reflect on your growth, professionally and personally, since you embarked on your DNP journey. The AACN believes that one of the benefits of a practice doctorate is that it enhances your leadership skills to “strengthen practice and health care delivery” (2006, p. 5). As you continue to engage in your practicum experience, be cognizant of your growth in these areas.
In Week 6, you were asked to reflect on your leadership skills for this Assignment. This week, you continue your reflection on leadership and how you can lead the translation of evidence to practice through contribution to policy development.
Prepare
for this week’s section of Application 3 as follows:
Building on the work you began in Week 6 for this Application, review this week’s Discussion posting, and consider how you can lead policy development to address your EBP Project issue.
To complete:
Due tomorrow 10/11/18 before midnight
Write a 2- to 3-page paper in APA format with a minimum of 5 scholarly references less than 5 years old that synthesizes (
DO NOT GO OVER THREE PAGES):
Your vision of yourself as a leader—specifically:
1) How you would continue to increase your knowledge and awareness of financial, economic, and other concerns related to new practice approaches (
see week 6 discussion attached you did for me
, except focus on the critics the professor added for me [see bold and underlined professor critique below] which you failed to include in this discussion
2) How translating evidence would enable you to affect or strengthen health care delivery and nursing practice
3)
How you would advocate for the use of new evidence-based practice approaches through the policy arena
(see week 7 discussion attached you did for me)
Professor Critics in week 6 on the cost and financial impact of the implementation of the project
Dear student: Thank you for your contribution to this week’s discussion. You brought forward potential costs associated with increased mobilization of ICU patients….namely the need for more nurse time. Do you have some hard numbers you can provide on the potential cost of this? Do you have any local or national information on the cost of not mobilizing the patients (longer stays, increased infection, readmission)? Calculating approximate cost associated with the practice change versus the cost of not changing is important. This will help stakeholders see the value in the investment.
Required Readings
White, K. M., Dudley-Brown, S., & Terharr, M. F. (2016).
Translation of evidence into nursing and health care practice
(2nd ed.). New York, NY: Springer.
Chapter 6, “Translation of Evidence for Leadership”
Balakas, K., Sparks, L., Steurer, L., & Bryant, T. (2013). An outcome of evidence-based practiced education: Sustained clinical decision-making among bedside nurses.
Journal of Pediatric Nursing
, 28, 479-485.
...
ORIGINAL RESEARCH EMPIRICAL RESEARCH –QUALITATIVEBuildi.docxgerardkortney
The document evaluates Wenger's Community of Practice model for building research capacity among advanced practice nurses. A Community of Practice was established comprising 25 nurses who participated in research training and mentorship over 7 years. Data sources including communications, evaluations and observations were analyzed using Wenger's principles and qualitative description. Key findings were that the model invited varying participation levels, allowed research community evolution, and created research interactions/relationships. Participants valued research for patients and its significance in enriching practice and increasing visibility of their work. Extensive research dissemination and higher degree enrolment confirmed this value. The Community of Practice model was found to effectively enable research capacity and productivity for advanced practice nurses.
Assessment of healthcare providers’ collaboration at governmental hospitalsiyad shaqura
This is the presentation of master thesis in public health which was about the assessment of healthcare providers collaboration at governmental hospitals in Gaza Governorates in Palestine.
1.10 Contact Info for Site Approver & Expected Approval Date1.Je.docxjackiewalcutt
1.10 Contact Info for Site Approver & Expected Approval Date
1.Jennifer Lopez (713)770-7107-pending & pending
2.Robert Garza (713)791-1414
3. Karl Covington (713)695-8686
Section #2
To be completed by Learner
2.1 Project
Write approximately one paragraph that describes the action research project and the basis for it being addressed.
The action research project deals with a pertinent leadership effectiveness issue created by the healthcare reform process in healthcare institutions across the United States. The reform process has created a dynamic environment that is in constant flux. Essentially, healthcare reform institutionalization has proved to be very beneficial. For instance, strives to reduce high costs of healthcare. Additionally, it ensures that effective delivery of primary care is achieved so as to reduce the prevalence of chronic illnesses such as diabetes and cardiac-related health problems. The shift towards preventive care for the reduction of chronic illnesses requires more engagement between the patients and the doctors and closer follow-ups of patient outcomes. This requires a leadership that is effective in engendering a workforce that is responsive to long-term patient needs. This means the healthcare professionals such as the physicians and nurses need effective leadership in hospital management so as to ensure they are motivated and engaged in the change process through teamwork and partnerships within hierarchical structures. Therefore, the purpose of this action research is to provide a leadership model and qualities of leadership most relevant for the dynamic healthcare environment. The action research project evaluates the case about the Hospital Corporation of America (HCA), Houston, Texas, to understand the leadership mechanisms within the institution and how they influence employee and patient outcomes. Based on the findings of the studies conducted, the possibility of using the leadership model proposed to improve outcomes will be elaborated upon. Comment by Heather: Please consider revising this sentence. The project cannot deal. Comment by Zerwekh, Tyler: How so? Reference? Comment by Heather: Incomplete sentence. Please revise. Comment by Zerwekh, Tyler: Strides? Comment by Heather: I understand why you would select this word- but at quick glance it can be confusing and even mistook for engineering. You may want to reconsider a synonym like generate or produce. Comment by Heather: Will your research be providing the model or will it be looking at existing models? Will you be doing a pilot study will you introduce a model and then examining the model through prospective follow-up? Of are you just looking at the current leadership style then gaging outcomes? It is a bit ambiguous in nature how you will be conducting your study. Comment by Zerwekh, Tyler: This still reads confusing. Consider revising Comment by Heather: I think really you are looking at how the leadership mechanisms impact or influ ...
Annotated Bibliography – Part 1 1
September 4, 2016
Annotated Bibliography – Part 1 2
Scandura, T. A., & Pellegrini, E. K. (2008). Trust and leader-member exchange: A closer
look at relational vulnerability. Journal of Leadership & Organizational Studies,
15(2), 101–110. doi: 10.1177/1548051808320986
The study by Scandura and Pellegrini examined the effect of trust in a leader-member
exchange (LMX) quality, which they conducted amongst 228 full-time employed professionals
enrolled in an Executive MBA program at a large Southeastern University. The authors achieved
this by espousing Lewicki, Bunker, and Stevenson’s 11-item scaling method, which explored the
Calculus-Based Trust (CBT), and Identification-Based Trust (IBT) scales. The scales are rated
on the Cronbach alpha index to show their proportionality and linearity with LMX. Scandura and
Pellegrini’s study revealed that a third-order “S-shaped” polynomial relationship existed between
the CBT and LMX. They also found out that a linear relationship existed between the IBT and
LMX, thereby providing support for their Hypothesis number 2.
The authors’ work draws strength from some four decades of available leadership
researches and their opposition with leadership styles. Their main proposition is connected to the
fact that leaders differentiate in their dyadic relationship with followers rather than espousing a
particular leadership style with other members of the team or group. According to them, recent
studies has resulted to the LMX research development, which in their view, asserts that the
supervisor–subordinate dyad exist between two different possibilities ranging from “low-quality”
relationship to “high-quality” relationships.
Scandura & Pellegrini’s finding reveals the significance of trust in the leader as a
valuable tool between LMX and performance. This is affirmative, as the LMX concept is
analyzed as a “trust-building” process. The implications of this study of the social exchange
theory (SET) are that it will help in providing strategies on how ethical leaders affect
Annotated Bibliography – Part 1 3
organizational goals and outcomes. Some researchers posit that the SET suggests that team
members and employees requite the leaders' behavior on them on a mutual ground. Relationship
in social exchange can eventually evolve which is characterized by good levels of trust and
diminished levels of control. The important concern is that it is pertinent to note that some of the
LMX parameters have measures that are directly correlated with the concept of trust. I contend
that power distance, which is an important cultural factor in any social exchange, may have an
influence in an LMX relationship. Consequently, further research should be conducted in order
to investigate the different perspectives of trust, and other non-linear results.
Wu, J. B., Tsui, A. S., & Kinicki, A. .
Week 5 WorksheetDirections For this assignment complete the work sh.docxhelzerpatrina
The document is a research paper that examines how organizational culture and leadership style affect employees' performance based on gender. The paper seeks to investigate if organizational culture has a statistically significant effect on performance for both genders, and whether leadership style mediates this relationship. The authors conducted a quantitative study of 40 service companies in the Middle East. The findings suggest that organizational culture and leadership style do influence employee performance and that there are gender implications. Managers need to consider building an organizational culture of acceptance and developing employees' skills, as well as implementing fair reward programs for both genders.
Impact of The Mobilization Effort on Hospital Staffing.docx4934bk
The document discusses creating a mobilization plan PowerPoint presentation for sending 20 nurses from a healthcare organization on a 4-month mission to treat patients exposed to a virus in Africa. The presentation must address:
1) The impact on hospital staffing and ensuring safe, quality care for mission patients and staff
2) Potential multicultural and diversity issues the mission team may face
3) The organizational structure of the medical mission team and how it will empower members
This article summarizes a journal article that examines distributed leadership in higher education institutions. The authors interviewed 25 individuals from project teams to identify factors influencing distributed leadership at both the organizational and team levels. At the organizational level, they found leadership requires involvement with external stakeholders and alignment with the wider institution context. At the team level, critical internal conditions like autonomy and clear goals/responsibilities as well as processes like information sharing and coordination influence distributed leadership. The findings provide an integrated framework for understanding distributed leadership in higher education.
Running head The Importance of Communication in the Workplace.docxtoltonkendal
Running head: The Importance of Communication in the Workplace
The Importance of Communication in the workplace
Project
Introduction
The lack of interpersonal communications between public administrators and their staff members can have a number of consequences in the workplace. One of the consequences is disorganization and disorder among the employees about their duties and tasks ascribed to them. Another consequence is a failure to pursue organizational objectives in an effective manner, which has repercussions in serving the greater public. A lack of communication between public administrators and their staff members can also create conditions of chaos and division in regards to pursuing what is best for the public constituents (Denhardt, R.B., Denhardt, J.V. & Aristigueta, M.P., 2013). The research question to be addressed in this study is: Does good communication between leaders and employees improve employee productivity?
In organizations the lack of communication and how it impacts on the teamwork has a negative relation with the organization goals. For instance, Dekay (2012 ) asserts that a major pitfall in organizational workplaces is the lack of knowledge and skills in regards to interpersonal communications. This author embarks on a research effort to clarify that many employers fail to place any value on improving written communications, and in addressing oral communications, many of their approaches are insufficient or inadequate. It is found in this research effort that interpersonal communication skills are critically important for productive, successful employees, while those who have less developed or inadequate interpersonal communication skills struggle to achieve positive outcomes. Delcambre (2010) clarifies the nature of interactions, transactions, and exchanges in an organizational setting to distinguish the value of interpersonal communications. By focusing in on the exact nature of these interactions, transactions, and exchanges in organizational settings, this author attempts to demonstrate the positive impacts of interpersonal communication skills. It is evident that when managers and employees deploy interpersonal communication skills effectively that they have much greater success. Bonaccio and colleagues (2016) research they often-overlooked dimension of non-verbal communications in the social worlds of organizations. It is discovered by these researchers that management has lagged behind in understanding the crucial importance of their non-verbal behaviors on their subordinates. It is asserted that nonverbal behavior by management has extensive impacts on the productivity of their subordinates. Choren (2015) asserts that interpersonal communication skills are vital for professional development and personal growth in organizational settings. This author explains that interpersonal communication skills are vital for employees in any organizational context to transmit useful, valuable information to eac ...
This document summarizes a study that examined the relationship between hospital managers' leadership adaptability scores and subordinate job satisfaction. 240 subordinates from hospitals in the southern US participated. The study used Hersey's Situational Leadership Model and Spector's Job Satisfaction Scale. Results found the most common leadership styles were selling and delegating. Participants rated contingent reward as most important for job satisfaction. 60% reported managers had low leadership adaptability scores, while 10% reported high scores and 30% reported moderate scores. The purpose was to examine this relationship to provide recommendations for improving job satisfaction.
Similar to 1. Narrated Slides for Organizational Politics2. fileTEDx - (20)
11Getting Started with PhoneGapWHAT’S IN THIS CHAPTERSantosConleyha
11
Getting Started with PhoneGap
WHAT’S IN THIS CHAPTER?
! History of PhoneGap
! Di! erences between HTML5 and PhoneGap
! Getting a development environment set up
! Implementing the Derby App
PhoneGap is an open source set of tools created by Nitobi
Solution
s (now part of Adobe)
that enables you to create mobile applications for multiple devices by utilizing the same code.
PhoneGap is a hybrid mobile application framework that allows the use of HTML, CSS,
and JavaScript to write applications that are based on the open standards of the web. These
applications also have access to the native functionality of the device. PhoneGap has been
downloaded more than 600,000 times, and more than 1,000 apps built with PhoneGap are
available in the respective app stores, which makes PhoneGap a viable solution for creating
cross-platform mobile apps.
HISTORY OF PHONEGAP
PhoneGap was started at the San Francisco iPhone Dev Camp in August 2008. iOS was shaping
up to become a popular mobile platform, but the learning curve for Objective-C was more work
than many developers wanted to take on. PhoneGap originally started as a headless browser
implementation for the iPhone. Because of the popularity of HTML/CSS/JavaScript, it was a
goal that this project use technologies with which many developers where already familiar.
Based on the growing popularity of the framework, in October 2008 Nitobi added support
for Android and BlackBerry. PhoneGap was awarded the People’s Choice award at the Web2.0
Expo Launch Pad in 2009, which was the start of developers recognizing PhoneGap as a
valuable mobile development tool. PhoneGap version 0.7.2 was released in April 2009, and
was the fi rst version for which the Android and iPhone APIs were equivalent.
c11.indd 309c11.indd 309 28/07/12 6:08 PM28/07/12 6:08 PM
310 " CHAPTER 11 GETTING STARTED WITH PHONEGAP
In September 2009 Apple approved the use of the PhoneGap platform to build apps for the iPhone
store. Apple required that all PhoneGap apps be built using at least version 0.8.0 of the PhoneGap
software. In July 2011, PhoneGap released version 1.0.0.
WHY USE PHONEGAP?
PhoneGap enables you to leverage your current HTML, CSS, and JavaScript skill sets to create a mobile
application. This can greatly speed up development time. When you develop for multiple platforms
using PhoneGap, you can reuse the majority of the code you have written for the mobile project, further
reducing development costs. It isn’t necessary to learn Java, C#, and Objective-C to create an applica-
tion with PhoneGap that can target iPhone, Android, BlackBerry, and Windows Phone 7.
If you fi nd native functionality missing from PhoneGap, you can extend the functionality of the
PhoneGap platform using native code. With the PhoneGap add-in structure, you can create an add-in
using the native language of the device and a JavaScript API that will call the native plug-in you
created. Cross-platfo ...
11Proposal Part One - Part 1 Influence of Internet on TourismSantosConleyha
11
Proposal Part One - Part 1: Influence of Internet on Tourism Industry
Research Proposal: Influence of Internet on Tourism Industry
Introduction
The tourism industry has been among the best-valued sectors within the nation to generate massive revenue for the government. Besides, the industry is considered among the earliest since it started several decades ago. For an extended period, the industry uses Integrated Marketing Communications to promote their various products and services to the entire world. The introduction of technology in the industry leads to improvements in the sectors. Most individuals without extensive information on the tourism industry can access the data in their comfort zones. It implies that IT and internet technology play a significant role in ensuring effective strategy due to its existence globally.
Most European countries have tried to promote and implement internet technology in ensuring satisfactory delivery of products and services (Kayumovich, 2020). Since it has a custom within the tourism and hotel industry to provide intangible products and services, including but not limited to services alongside comfort, the internet has been an effective method of delivering its messages to the targeted customers. Also, through internet technology, the industry has achieved more customers in the global market, including the European market. The promotion of branding within the European tourism industry has been effective due to the introduction and implementation of internet technology. Thus, the internet is believed to significantly influence the tourism industry in various sectors, including but limited to infrastructure, travel, alongside the marketing sector. Before introducing the internet alongside the IT, travelling of customers was dangerous and unpleasant since travellers had constraint understanding of locations they were visiting.
As a result, the existing vacationers of time had limited knowledge of the cultures and terrain alongside the climate change and patterns necessary to stimulate the travelling issues. Therefore, tourism sectors, including but not limited to tour companies, travel agencies and other like hotels, had developed strategies necessary to promote booking and reservation processes (David-Negre et al. 2018). However, several decades ago, popular sites were visited by tourists. It implies that the tourism sectors within the local or remote area faced challenges of securing sufficient clients as people were could not define the destination. Also, shortage of information on a particular region leads to reduced travelling by visitors. The research involved the utilization of relevant literature review on the subject matter to provide factual information. Therefore, the report offers adequate information on the influence of the internet on the tourism industry. This research would give me the stage to show my finding and view and also propose how the internet can be leveraged to an extend i ...
11Social Inclusion of Deaf with Hearing CongreSantosConleyha
11
Social Inclusion of Deaf with Hearing Congregants within a Ministerial Setting Comment by Stumme, Clifford James (College Applied Studies & Acad Succ): As you review this sample student paper, please keep in mind that there are some flaws in this paper (as with any piece of writing). However, it is one of the best INDS 400 research proposals received to date, so it is an excellent reference point.
Sample Student Comment by Stumme, Clifford James (College Applied Studies & Acad Succ) [2]: Also, remember that what you are looking at is an example of the overall research proposal, not just the literature review. If you are working on your literature review, refer to the portion marked “literature review” and remember that within that literature review portion, there is a unique introduction, body paragraphs, and conclusion. The first paragraph is the introduction for the proposal as a whole, which is different from the kind of introduction you should write for the literature review itself. Also remember that while this research proposal has an abstract, you do not need one for the literature review.
Liberty University
INDS 400: Knowledge Synthesis for Professional and Personal Development
January 3, 2020
Abstract Comment by Stumme, Clifford James (College Applied Studies & Acad Succ) [2]: Notice how the abstract gives a brief overview of the elements of the research proposal without arguing or getting ahead of itself by predicting results.
Culture can influence how people interact and the level of inclusion of different cultures in a particular setting.While numerous studies have been conducted examining deaf studies and deaf culture, there is a curious lack of research that has specifically considered the level of inclusion of deaf people in evangelical hearing churches. This research proposal includes an interdisciplinary including a literature review that examines a handful of studies on interactions among deaf and hearing populations to consider challenges of hearing and deaf integration. Examining these diverse perspectives, including Catholic ministry, disability ministry and deaf culture, provides a fresh interdisciplinary perspective to approach the challenges of deaf inclusion in ministerial settings. It was found through this literature review that a gap in scholarly research exists in this area. As further research would be necessary to address this gap, the goal of this research proposal is to conduct a qualitative study for further research by petitioning deaf perspective through online interviews utilizing the social media platform of Facebook. Although a low budget would be necessary, the implications of this research would provide a platform to open community conversation to address challenges and provide ideas on integration of deaf and hearing congregants in evangelical hearing churches. Examining deaf perspectives may provide additional information for fellowship, growth and exposure to the Gospel for deaf congr ...
11Managing Economies of Scale in a Supply Chain Cycle InventoSantosConleyha
This document summarizes key concepts about managing economies of scale in supply chain cycle inventory. It discusses how using larger lot sizes can help exploit fixed ordering costs but also leads to higher average inventory levels. The economic order quantity (EOQ) model is presented as a way to determine the optimal lot size that minimizes total inventory costs. The document also covers how aggregating demand across multiple products or customers can further reduce costs.
11Mental Health Among College StudentsTomia WillinSantosConleyha
11
Mental Health Among College Students
Tomia Willingham
Sophia Learning
Eng 215
March 14, 2021
Introduction
Going to college can be demanding for many people. In addition to managing academic insistence, many students have to cope with their families' complex separation tasks. At the same time, some of them continue to deal with a lot of many family duties. Mental health experts and advocates contend that it is an epidemic that colleges need to investigate further. Depression, anxiety disorders are some of the significant mental health issues that affect college students. The effects of suicidal ideas on university students' academic achievement have not been explored, yet mental health conditions are associated with academic achievement (De Luca et al., 2016). A novel coronavirus has worsened the situation of mental health. Even before the onset of this virus, there was concern from mental health policymakers in America because of the rising mental health challenges. They claimed a need for additional aid for struggling university students and the capability for these institutions to provide it. Regrettably, many university students with mental health conditions do not seek and receive the necessary treatment. The primary reasons for not pursuing help include thinking that the challenge will get better with time, stigma from their peers and no time to seek the treatment because of a busy schedule (Corrigan et al. 2016). Without this treatment, college students experiencing medical conditions most of the time get lower grades, drop out of college, immerse themselves into substance abuse, or become unemployed. Because these mental health conditions are invisible, they can only be seen through academic performance or social behavior change. Should universities strike a balance between mental health conditions and academics? This review will conclude that the mental health condition of university students and scholars should be balanced. Comment by Dr. Helen Doss: You need to answer this question and present the answer as the thesis at the end of this paragraph. Comment by Dr. Helen Doss: This is not a review essay—it is an argumentative or persuasive essay. Comment by Dr. Helen Doss: What does this mean—should be balanced? By what? For what? And, by whom? Comment by Dr. Helen Doss: This paragraph is too long. See: https://www.umgc.edu/current-students/learning-resources/writing-center/writing-resources/parts-of-an-essay/paragraph-structure.cfm
Effects of not Balancing Mental Health and Academics
There are consequences of not balancing mental health and academics in higher learning institutions, mainly if they do not receive any treatment. For example, if depression goes untreated, it raises the chances of risky behavior like substance abuse. The condition affects how students sleep, eat, and it also affects how students think. Also, students cannot concentrate in class, and they cannot make rational decisions. By lack of concent ...
11From Introductions to ConclusionsDrafting an EssayIn this chapSantosConleyha
11From Introductions to ConclusionsDrafting an Essay
In this chapter, we describe strategies for crafting introductions that set up your argument. We then describe the characteristics of well-formulated paragraphs that will help you build your argument. Finally, we provide you with some strategies for writing conclusions that reinforce what is new about your argument, what is at stake, and what readers should do with the knowledge you convey
DRAFTING INTRODUCTIONS
The introduction is where you set up your argument. It’s where you identify a widely held assumption, challenge that assumption, and state your thesis. Writers use a number of strategies to set up their arguments. In this section we look at five of them:
· Moving from a general topic to a specific thesis (inverted-triangle introduction)
· Introducing the topic with a story (narrative introduction)
· Beginning with a question (interrogative introduction)
· Capturing readers’ attention with something unexpected (paradoxical introduction)
· Identifying a gap in knowledge (minding-the-gap introduction)
Remember that an introduction need not be limited to a single paragraph. It may take several paragraphs to effectively set up your argument.
Keep in mind that you have to make these strategies your own. That is, we can suggest models, but you must make them work for your own argument. You must imagine your readers and what will engage them. What tone do you want to take? Playful? Serious? Formal? Urgent? The attitude you want to convey will depend on your purpose, your argument, and the needs of your audience.◼ The Inverted-Triangle Introduction
An inverted-triangle introduction, like an upside-down triangle, is broad at the top and pointed at the base. It begins with a general statement of the topic and then narrows its focus, ending with the point of the paragraph (and the triangle), the writer’s thesis. We can see this strategy at work in the following introduction from a student’s essay. The student writer (1) begins with a broad description of the problem she will address, (2) then focuses on a set of widely held but troublesome assumptions, and (3) finally, presents her thesis in response to what she sees as a pervasive problem.
The paragraph reads, “In today’s world, many believe that education’s sole purpose is to communicate information for students to store and draw on as necessary. By storing this information, students hope to perform well on tests. Good test scores assure good grades. Good grades eventually lead to acceptances into good colleges, which ultimately guarantee good jobs. Many teachers and students, convinced that education exists as a tool to secure good jobs, rely on the banking system. In her essay “Teaching to Transgress,” bell hooks defines the banking system as an “approach to learning that is rooted in the notion that all students need to do is consume information fed to them by a professor and be able to memorize and store it” (185). Through the banking s ...
11Groupthink John SmithCampbellsville UnivSantosConleyha
1
1
Groupthink
John Smith
Campbellsville University
BA611 – Organizational Theory
Dr. Jane Corbett
January 17, 2021
Definition
Groupthink is a pattern of thought characterized by self-deception, forced manufacture of consent, and conformity to group values and ethics.
Summary
Valine (2018) discussed how powerful an effect groupthink can have on community and peers. It followed two case studies about JPMorgan Chase and Wells Fargo, which explains how many sources and credentials the author has used. The focus of the article is that circumstances have occurred inside these companies which were able to affect the entire economy as well. Groupthink is usually followed by irrational thinking and decision making which completely ignores alternatives and constantly goes for the primary decision. The large difference between group and groupthink is that the group consists of members of various backgrounds and experiences, while groupthink usually has members of similar ones. Further, there is no way for groupthink to recover from bad decisions mainly because all members have a similar understanding and point of the view towards a certain topic. The illusion of invulnerability is the main characteristic related to groupthink, where teammates ignore the danger, take extreme risks, and act highly optimistic.
Discussion
Groupthink is characterized by incorrect decisions that groups make mainly due to mental efficiency, reality testing, and moral judgment. Many conditions can cause groupthink to occur, and the most frequent ones are collective rationalization, belief in inherent morality, stereotyped views of out-groups, direct pressure on dissenters, and self-censorship.
The collective rationalization explains how different warnings are against the group thinking, so and where those opinions can create a misunderstanding. Belief in inherent morality points out that members ignore the ethical and moral consequences of decisions because they believe the correctness of their cause. The stereotyped views of out-groups are the characters to create a negative feeling about opposition outside the group environment. The direct pressure on dissenters is where team leaders discuss all members that have different opinions and philosophies than the group’s commitments and agreement. Lastly, the self-censorship is where teammates keep their thoughts and opinions without expressing them to others.
The case study about the London Whale explains how JPMC, one of the largest banks in the world, has lost 6.5 billion dollars due to bad and poor investment decisions. Everything occurred in April and May of 2012, where larger trading loss happened in Chase’s Investment Office throughout the London branch. The main transaction that affected Morgan Chase was credit default swaps (CDS) and it was shown that famous trader Bruno Iksil has gathered significant CDS position in the market at that time. Following this case, the internal control has risen o ...
11Sun Coast Remediation Research Objectives, Research QueSantosConleyha
11
Sun Coast Remediation: Research Objectives, Research Questions, and Hypotheses
4
Sun Coast Remediation
Unique R. Simpkins
Southern Columbia University
Course Name Here
Instructor Name
11-2-2021
Research Objectives, Research Questions, and Hypotheses
Based on the information amassed by the former health and safety director, the organization needs to pursue safety-related programs or initiatives to ensure employees' health. It is an appropriate approach to help the firm and the employees achieve goals and inhibit costs arising from injuries and illnesses while on duty. The completion of this task will provide managers with practicable insights on the approach to enhance safety and protect the firm from losses. This task accounts for the objectives, questions, and hypotheses of the research based on the provided statement of the problem.
RO1: Explore the correlation between the size of the Particulate Matter (PM) and the health of the employee.
RQ1: Is there a correlation between the size of the Particulate Matter (PM) and the health of the employee?
Ho1: There is no statistically significant evidence connecting the size of the Particulate Matter (PM) and the health of the employee.
Ha1: There is statistically significant evidence connecting the size of the Particulate Matter (PM) and the health of the employee.
RO2: Establish whether safety training is feasible in decreasing the lost-time hours.
RQ2: Is safety training feasible in decreasing the lost-time hours?
Ho2: There is no statistically significant evidence linking safety training and reduction in lost-time hours.
Ha2: There is statistically significant evidence linking safety training and reduction in lost-time hours.
RO3: Establish the effectiveness of predicting the decibels (dB) levels before the employee placement on determining the on-site risk.
RQ3: Is predicting the decibels (dB) levels before the employee placement on determining the on site risk effective?
Ho3: There is no statistically significant relationship between predicting the decibels (dB) levels before the employee placement and effective determination of the on-site risk.
Ha3: There is a statistically significant relationship between predicting the decibels (dB) levels before the employee placement and effective determination of the on-site risk.
RO4: Establish whether the revised training program is more practicable than the initially adopted initiative.
RQ4: Is the revised training program is more practicable than the previously adopted initiative?
Ho4: There is no statistically significant proof that the new training program is more feasible than the old program.
Ha4: There is statistically significant proof that the new training program is more feasible than the old program.
RO5: Determine the blood lead levels variation before and after exposure at the end of the remediation service.
RQ5: Do the blood lead levels before and after exposure at the end of the remediation service va ...
11Me Talk Pretty One Day # By David Sedaris From his bSantosConleyha
11
Me Talk Pretty One Day # By David Sedaris
From his book Me Talk Pretty One Day
At the age of forty-one, I am returning to school and have to think of myself as
what my French textbook calls Ba true debutant.D After paying my tuition, I was issued
a student ID, which allows me a discounted entry fee at movie theaters, puppet shows,
and Festyland, a far-flung amusement park that advertises with billboards picturing a
cartoon stegosaurus sitting in a canoe and eating what appears to be a ham sandwich.
IFve moved to Paris with hopes of learning the language. My school is an easy
ten-minute walk from my apartment, and on the first day of class I arrived early,
watching as the returning students greeted one another in the school lobby. Vacations
were recounted, and questions were raised concerning mutual friends with names like
Kang and Vlatnya. Regardless of their nationalities, everyone spoke what sounded to
me like excellent French. Some accents were better than others, but the students
exhibited an ease and confidence that I found intimidating. As an added discomfort,
they were all young, attractive, and well-dressed, causing me to feel not unlike Pa Kettle
trapped backstage after a fashion show.
The first day of class was nerve-racking because I knew IFd be expected to
perform. ThatFs the way they do it here # itFs everybody into the language pool, sink or
swim. The teacher marched in, deeply tanned from a recent vacation, and proceeded to
rattle off a series of administrative announcements. IFve spent quite a few summers in
Normandy, and I took a monthlong French class before leaving New York. IFm not
completely in the dark, yet I understood only half of what this woman was saying.
BIf you have not meimslsxp or lgpdmurct by this time, then you should not be in
this room. Has everyone apzkiubjxow? Everyone? Good, we shall begin.D She spread
out her lesson plan and sighed, saying, BAll right, then, who knows the alphabet?D
It was startling because (a) I hadnFt been asked that question in a while and (b) I
realized, while laughing, that I myself did not know the alphabet. TheyFre the same
letters, but in France theyFre pronounced differently. I know the shape of the alphabet
but had no idea what it actually sounded like.
BAhh.D The teacher went to the board and sketched the letter a. BDo we have
anyone in the room whose first name commences with an ahh?D
12
Two Polish Annas raised their hands, and the teachers instructed them to present
themselves by stating their names, nationalities, occupations, and a brief list of things
they liked and disliked in this world. The first Anna hailed from an industrial town
outside of Warsaw and had front teeth the size of tombstones. She worked as a
seamstress, enjoyed quiet times with friends, and hated the mosquito.
BOh, really,D the teacher said. BHow very interesting. I thought that everyone
loved the mosquito, but here, in front of all the world, you claim to ...
11Program analysis using different perspectivesSantosConleyha
11
Program analysis using different perspectives
Student's Name
Institution
Course
Professor
Date
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Introduction……………………………………………………………………………………
Program Description/ Analysis of a Classical Liberal perspective…………………………
Program Description/ Analysis of a Radical perspective……………………………………
Program Description/ Analysis of a Conservative perspective……………………………..
Program Description/ Analysis of a Mordern Liberal perspective...………………………
Comparisons of four perspectives……………………………………………………………
Assessment and modifications of the perspectives………………………………………….
Conclusion……………………………………………………………………………………..
Introduction
Program analysis using different perspectives
In a political economy, policies and programs are essential tools that assist in understanding the ongoing struggle for equality and social justice. Although both have an underlying difference, they serve an almost similar purpose. Essentially, understanding the goal of any program or policy can be achieved by analyzing the contending perspectives (Harvey, 2020). This involves the intentional bringing of different perspectives in contrast. They help examine core economic problems or concepts from an orthodox perspective, and others criticize it from a heterodox perspective. The perspectives are essential since both the heterodox and orthodox positions can be examined and reach a consensus.
In the United States, there has been a rise in spending on prescription drugs, which has led to the introduction of a Build Better Program. One proposal is driving down the cost of prescription drugs by allowing Medicare to negotiate with drugmakers over price; starting in 2025-ten drugs (plus insulin) would be on the table the first year, growing to 20 by 2028 (The White House, 2021). Although members of Congress have accepted the proposal, there is a need to analyze it using the different contending perspectives. This paper explores the proposal using the Classical Liberal, The radical, the Conservative Perspective, and the Modern Liberal Perspective. Individuals have the right to pursue their happiness, and proponents of the different political economy perspectives should work hand-in-hand to promote human development within society.
Analysis by Perspective
The Classical Liberal
The political philosophy and ideology belonging to liberalism emphasize securing citizens' freedom by limiting government power. Today, the proponents hold various thoughts and Perspectives, one being Neo-Austrian economics (Clark, 2016). Essentially, the program's main aim is to reduce the overall cost of prescription drugs. From the Perspective of Neo-Austrians, humans are self-interested. They can act autonomously by utilizing their capacity to discover an efficient means of satisfying their desires and basic needs (Harvey, 2020). Also, the government is created by the people to protect their natural rights. At the same time, justice requires safeguarding the people's rights established by the c ...
11Factors that Affect the Teaching and Learning ProcessSantosConleyha
11
Factors that Affect the Teaching and Learning Process
Lua Shanks
Dr. Thompson
Valley State University
10-6-2021
Factors that Affect the Teaching and Learning Process
Contextual Factors
The efficacious teaching and learning processes are important in generating the desired academic outcomes for students. Such processes entail the transformation and transfer of knowledge from the educators to students. It requires a combination of different elements within the procedure, in which an instructor determines and establishes the learning goals and objectives, and designs teaching resources. Thereafter, teachers implement the learning strategy that they will utilize to impart intellectual content into students. However, learning is a cardinal factor that an educator musty take into account while overseeing the process of knowledge acquisition and retention. Many factors play an important role in shaping the process of teaching and learning. Contextual factors, for instance, are associated with a particular context and characteristic that is distinct to a specific group, community, society, and individual. Such factors may take the form of a child’s educational, community, as well as classroom settings.
Community, District, and School Factors
Armstrong School District is a major public learning institution that occupies a geographical area of approximately 437 square miles. Located in Pennsylvania, it forms one of the 500 public school districts in the state, and hosts teachers and students from diverse racial, ethnic, and ethnic backgrounds. As a consequence, the institution partners with families, community leaders, and teachers to improve students’’ capacity to acquire knowledge ahead of their graduation. The community refers to the urban or rural environment in which both the teachers and learners operate. These may include the teacher and students’ ethnic, racial political or social affiliations that affect learning or knowledge acquisition. Additionally, parents and community members play an integral role in ensuring the quality of education in schools. They for, example, collaborate with teachers and school administrators to develop the most effective ways of improving their students’ learning outcomes. Indeed, community involvement in schooling issues is potentially a rich area for innovation that has immense benefits that far exceeds its limitations. Considering that governments are constrained in offering quality education due to contextual issues such as remoteness, bureaucracy, corruption, and inefficient management, community factors are pivotal in bridging the gap between government initiatives and community needs. This helps to adjust the child’s familial obligations to family interests, thereby shifting towards ways of mobilizing a sense of community by strengthening trust and relationships between community members, parents, governments, as well as teachers and school leaders. Other important community factors that af ...
11
Criminal Justice: Racial discrimination
Student’s Name:
Institutional Affiliation:
Instructor’s Name:
Course Code:
Due Date:
Racial discrimination
Abstract
When there is justice in society, every person feels satisfied with the way legal actions are carried out in the community. Unfortunately, there are several instances of racial discrimination in the United States. Most of the racial discrimination in the United States ate directed towards black people. Although everyone is required to have equal treatment in the United States, achieving zero discrimination has always been difficult.
Understanding racial discrimination in the USA is vital as it makes it easy for one to identify ways to eliminate the criminal injustices resulting from racial discrimination. This will be essential since it will help to eliminate racial discrimination in the criminal justice system.
Introduction
When there is justice in society, every person feels satisfied with the way legal actions are carried out in society. The criminal justice community is when people are not discriminated against based on their skin color. Laws applicable are carried out uniformly such that every person is treated equally. When the laws are applied equally to every individual, it increases the trust in the criminal justice system. However, when there are biases in applying the laws, the criminal justice system becomes compromised. According to Kovera (2019), there are many disparities in the criminal justice system as black people are discriminated against by police officers based on their race. As a result, black people suffer more as compared to white people when they violate similar laws.
There is a lot of disparity in the criminal justice system of the United States. Many people suffer as a result of racial discrimination in the United States. People are discriminated against a lot in the administration of the policies. According to Donnel (2017), there is racial inequality in how criminal justice is carried out in policymaking. The criminal justice system discriminates against people based on their race. For example, police officers harass black people for minor mistakes which white people are left to walk freely even after making similar mistakes. Black people suffer because of the color of their skin.
Hypothesis/Problem Statement/Purpose Statement
Racial discrimination affects the outcomes of the criminal justice system adversely. How does racial discrimination affect the judicial criminal justice system? The study aims to identify ways in which criminal justice racial discrimination is practiced in the United States. It will also provide insights on the racial discrimination cases, which are helpful in the development of policies that can be helpful in the elimination of racial discrimination in society hence promoting equality among the citizens.
Literature Review and Definitions included in the research
According to Hinton, Henderson, and Reed (2018), there is mu ...
11Communication Plan for Manufacturing PlantStudSantosConleyha
11
Communication Plan for Manufacturing Plant
Student’s Name
Institutional Affiliation
Instructor
Course
Date
Communication Plan of a Manufacturing Plant
Background
In manufacturing companies, organization employees are at the centre of an organization. Most of them are at the front lines with the ability to change strategy into results. At the culmination of the day, the plant employees have the responsibility of ensuring that the operations are conducted smoothly, a product reaches consumers timely, and quality products are manufacture with the appropriate specifications. However, despite the primary role they play, manufacturing plants are disjointed (Adejimola, 2008). That disengagement is embodied with a hefty price which is paying a negative role in the performance of manufacturing plants just as they are being challenged to increase their efficiency and effectiveness to the company compared to previous years. To realize rapid growth around the globe, the manufacturing industry is attempting to standardize operations and continuously leverage operations. Such kind of effort needs a company to possess highly invested employees (Obiekwe, O& Eke, 2019). For this reason, natural communication naturally is primary on the path to more highly engaged and motivated employees. However, it can sometimes be challenging to plant employees due to natural challenges that accompany workplace. Some may not frequently be on Smartphone’s or emails, or they may be having various shifts to manage, and the environment may be less conducive, which makes it challenging for them to have one-on-one conversations.
Policies for Oral, Written, and Non-Verbal Communications
Interpersonal communication in a manufacturing plant is the way employees or people communication with others. It may involve a group of p-people, another person or the members of the public. In some instances, it may encompass non-verbal, written or non-verbal communication. In the manufacturing industry, when an individual is communicating with others, they need to consider the person they are talking to, the type of information they want to deliver and the most appropriate and relevant form of communication change. In some instances, such issues may be determined by the information an individual wants to communication (Obiekwe, O& Eke, 2019). At all times, it is required that the staff members remain polite, respectful to both the clients and one another. At no time should they sear, raise their voice, speak in a way belittling another.
Cultural awareness is also another essential element when communicating in a cultural plant. All individuals working in the plant need to recognize that individuals emerge from varying backgrounds and cultures, and they also accompany various attitudes, different values and beliefs (Obiekwe, O& Eke, 2019). All staffs in the plant need to exercise non-judgmental communication remain respectful and are tolerant of the differences prevalence ...
11CapitalKarl MarxPART I. COMMODITIES AND MONEYCHAPTER I. SantosConleyha
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Capital
Karl Marx
PART I. COMMODITIES AND MONEY
CHAPTER I. COMMODITIES
Section 1. The two factors of a commodity: use-value and value (the substance of value and the magnitude of value)
The wealth of those societies in which the capitalist mode of production prevails, presents itself as “an immense accumulation of commodities,”1 its unit being a single commodity. Our investigation must therefore begin with the analysis of a commodity.
A commodity is, in the first place, an object outside us, a thing that by its properties satisfies human wants of some sort or another. The nature of such wants, whether, for instance, they spring from the stomach or from fancy, makes no difference.2 Neither are we here concerned to know how the object satisfies these wants, whether directly as means of subsistence, or indirectly as means of production.
Every useful thing, as iron, paper, &c., may be looked at from the two points of view of quality and quantity. It is an assemblage of many properties, and may therefore be of use in various ways. To discover the various uses of things is the work of history.3 So also is the establishment of socially-recognised standards of measure for the quantities of these useful objects. The diversity of these measures has its origin partly in the diverse nature of the objects to be measured, partly in convention.
The utility of a thing makes it a use-value.4 But this utility is not a thing of air. Being limited by the physical properties of the commodity, it has no existence apart from that commodity. A commodity, such as iron, corn, or a diamond, is therefore, so far as it is a material thing, a use-value, something useful. This property of a commodity is independent of the amount of labour required to appropriate its useful qualities. When treating of use-value, we always assume to be dealing with definite quantities, such as dozens of watches, yards of linen, or tons of iron. The use-values of commodities furnish the material for a special study, that of the commercial knowledge of commodities.5 Use-values become a reality only by use or consumption: they also constitute the substance of all wealth, whatever may be the social form of that wealth. In the form of society we are about to consider, they are, in addition, the material depositories of exchange-value.
Exchange-value, at first sight, presents itself as a quantitative relation, as the proportion in which values in use of one sort are exchanged for those of another sort,6 a relation constantly changing with time and place. Hence exchange-value appears to be something accidental and purely relative, and consequently an intrinsic value, i.e., an exchange-value that is inseparably connected with, inherent in commodities, seems a contradiction in terms.7 Let us consider the matter a little more closely.
A given commodity, e.g., a quarter of wheat is exchanged for x blacking, y silk, or z gold, &c.—in short, for other commodities in the most different proportions. Ins ...
1
1
Criminal Justice System
Shambri Chillis
June 11, 2022
Criminal justice system
The criminal justice system is essential to identify and prevent crimes in the community. Various functions of the criminale system now adhere to the development of technology. Modern technology helps the criminal justice system in different ways. It has made the job easier and has assisted in the prevention of crimes.
Role of criminal justice practitioners in the technology development
The Ccriminal justice practitioners are responsible for identifying and analyzing different crimes in the community. They are responsible for developing and implementing the technology in the criminal justice system because they can use it for different purposes. They can introduce the new trends in the criminal justice system like the officers can collect and gather the data through the technology. Human error can be reduced through it. The dataset can be maintained, and it is also essential for criminal justice practitioners to develop the technology to locate the criminals and track their local places through GPS. The technology cannot be developed untill the criminal officers implement it in the routine. The criminal system now has to use robots and cameras that help them get information about the criminals. The practitioners can also implement the technology by guiding the juniors to use it. The training is needed to make them understand the use of advanced technologies and to ensure that they use them in the right direction. The high-performance computer and internet systems are also essential for developing the technology, and it has been seen that the future will be bright regarding implementing technology (John S. Hollywood, 2018).
Controversial issues criminal justice policymakers face when considering an expansion in the use of DNA in criminal justice
Tthere are various controversial issues that criminal justice policymakers must consider while using DNA in the criminal justice system. The first thing that is criticized during the use of DNA is the fundamental human error, and iIt has been observed that there can be errors in the investigation, and people have to suffer. The issue in technology is also referred to as the error in using DNA because it might be possible that the results do not come correct at the first attempt. It involves several people who are not linked to the crimes but have to go for the fingerprinting tests by courts. However, DNA technology in criminal justice is highly advanced and has multiple benefits compared to disadvantages, but it has always faced significant controversy in the criminal justice system. The criminal justice system has to make sure that if DNA technology is being used, it must be error-free. The controversy has two opinions. There are two schools of thought regarding the use of DNA. One of the classes of experts thinks that DNA can be used to catch the different criminals. It is helpful in the family c ...
11American Government and Politics in a Racially DividSantosConleyha
1
1American Government
and Politics in a Racially
Divided World
chap ter
In 2016, Gov. Jack Markell signed a long-awaited resolution officially apologizing for the state’s role
in slavery. The apology for slavery illustrates the long and sometimes painful history of the United
States’ struggle with race, from the time of Thomas Jefferson, a slave owner, to President Barack
Obama, the first Black president of the United States.
01-McClain-Chap01.indd 1 11/24/16 8:34 PM
08/20/2017 - RS0000000000000000000000562545 (Anthony Ratcliff) - American
Government in Black and White
2 CHAPTER 1: AmericAn Government And Politics in A rAciAlly divided World
intro
D
ecember 6, 2015, marked the 150th anniversary of the abolish-
ment of slavery, when the U.S. Congress ratified the Thirteenth
Amendment to the Constitution. There were numerous events
recognizing the end of slavery, including an official White House event
presided over by President Obama. On February 11, 2016, Delaware
joined eight other states to formally apologize for slavery when Gover-
nor Jack Markell (D) signed the state’s joint resolution. Delaware’s reso-
lution acknowledged its participation in 226 years of
slavery first of both Native Americans and Africans in
the mid-1600s; by the close of the 1700s its entire
slave population was of African descent. The resolu-
tion also included acknowledgments that Delaware
criminalized humanitarian attempts to assist slaves
and that in later times Delaware passed and enforced
Jim Crow laws to deny the rights of African American
citizens for much of the twentieth century.1
On July 29, 2008, the U.S. House of Representa-
tives passed a nonbinding resolution, introduced and
championed by Representative Steven Cohen (D-TN),
which offered a formal apology for the government’s
participation in African American slavery and the
establishment of Jim Crow laws. The resolution said, in part, “African
Americans continue to suffer from the consequences of slavery and Jim
Crow—long after both systems were formally abolished—through
enormous damage and loss, both tangible and intangible, including the
loss of human dignity and liberty, the frustration of careers and profes-
sional lives, and the long-term loss of income and opportunity.”2
On June 18, 2009, the U.S. Senate unanimously passed a similar reso-
lution apologizing to African Americans for slavery and Jim Crow. The
Senate resolution said explicitly that the apology could not be used in
support of reparations (or compensation for past wrongs).3
The story of apologies for slavery is a complex one that highlights some of the
underlying dilemmas that face the U.S. political system—how to reconcile its stated
principles of how individuals should be treated with how the government actually
treats and has treated individuals. The apologies are intended to acknowledge the
nation’s complicity in a destructive and immoral institution, at ...
11Cancer is the uncontrollable growth of abnormal cellsSantosConleyha
1
1
Cancer is the uncontrollable growth of abnormal cells in the human body. It is defined by a malfunction in cellular mechanisms that control cell growth. Cells evade checkpoint controls and begin growing uncontrollably which resulting in an increase in abnormal cells, cancer cells. These cancer cells form a mass tissue known as a tumor. In the United States of America, cancer has been determined to be among the leading causes of mortality rates after cardiovascular conditions, where one in every four deaths is caused by cancer. The most common types of cancer include prostate cancer, lung cancer, and breast cancer. Risk factors for cancer include excess smoking, radiation exposure, genetics, and environmental pollution. Colon cancer, or colorectal cancer, affects the distal third of the large intestine, the colon, as well as the rectum, chamber in which feces is stored for elimination. Colorectal cancer is the third leading cause of death in cancer-related issues in the United States in both males and females (Beadnell et al., 2018). This essay explores the physiology and pathophysiology of colon cancer.
Polyps are tissue growths that generally look like small, flat bumps and are generally less than half an inch wide. They are generally non-cancerous growths that can develop with age on the inner wall of the colon or rectum. There are several types of polyps, such as hyperplastic. They are common and have a low risk of turning cancerous. Hyperplastic polyps found in the colon will be removed and biopsied. Pseudo polyps also referred to as inflammatory polyps, usually occur in people suffering from inflammatory bowel disease and are unlike other polyps. This type of polyp occurs due to chronic inflammation as seen in Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. However, a polyp cells which can turn out to be malignant. Villous adenoma or tubulovillous adenoma polyps carry a high risk of turning cancerous. They are sessile and develop flat on the tissue lining the organs. They might blend within the organ, making polyps not easily identifiable and difficult to locate for treatment. Adenomatous or tubular adenoma polyps have a high chance of being cancerous. When a polyp is found, it must be biopsied, and then will regular screenings and polyp removal will follow.
An adenocarcinoma is a cancer formed in a gland that lines an organ. This cancer impacts the epithelial cells, which are spread throughout the human body. Adenocarcinomas of the colon and rectum make up ninety-five percent of all colon cancers (Chang, 2020). Colon adenocarcinomas usually begin in the mucous lining the spread to different layers. Two subtypes of adenocarcinomas are mucinous adenocarcinoma and signet ring cells. Mucinous adenocarcinomas contain about sixty percent mucus which can cause cancer cells to spread faster and become more hostile than typical adenocarcinomas. Signet ring cell adenocarcinoma is responsible for less than one percent of all colon cancer. It is g ...
11SENSE MAKING Runze DuChee PiongBUS 700 LSantosConleyha
1
1
SENSE MAKING
Runze Du
Chee Piong
BUS 700 Leadership and Creative
Solution
s Implementation
Feb 14th 2021
SENSE MAKING
Sensemaking refers to an action or a process of making sense where meaning is given to something. Sensemaking is a process through which individuals give meaning to their collective experiences. Sensemaking is also a process of structuring the unknown by inserting stimuli into some framework kinds to enable individuals to understand or comprehend, attribute, to extrapolate and predict the meaning of something. Sensemaking is an activity that allows people to turn the ongoing complexity in the entire world into a situation that can be understood. Sensemaking Therefore, Sensemaking requires articulating the unknown because, in many cases, trying to put meaning to something strange is the only means by which one can understand it. For instance, the occurrence or the origin of COVID-19 in the entire world has been a phenomenon that has disturbed the heads of many trying to understand what it is, where it came from, who caused it, how it can be prevented and how it can be cured. In attempting to understand COVID 19, people came up with the explanations of what it is, what caused it, and that is where the scientists realized that this is a disease that is caused by a virus known as Coronavirus, since the condition merged in the year 2019, the virus was given the name coronavirus 19, and the disease it caused known as COVID 19. This is how sensemaking enables individuals to give meaning to something that can be understood easily by individuals.
The organization that I am familiar with that has experienced a current change in its operations is Starbucks. Starbucks is an American company that is known for its production and sell of coffee products. It was started in 1971 as a coffee selling company where it was majorly involved in roasting, marketing and selling coffee globally. It has more than 300 stores all over the world selling coffee. This organization has sold coffee within its stores since its initiation. However, because of the corona's onset, the management of this organization decided to change its operation to accommodate the changes in the environment depending on the restrictions imposed on businesses by the ministries of health all over the world. Starbucks company reacted to the industry changes brought about by COVID 19, where businesses were required to close their doors to enhance the measures of curbing the spread of coronavirus disease. Thus, the company embraced technology where it introduced Starbucks-pick up only stores that replaced the over 300 stores globally. The new stores required that no one could sit in as they take their coffee. Instead, everyone would be allowed only to take their orders from the store and to avoid congesting people in one place. Starbucks introduced Starbucks pick-up stores that use technology to supply coffee to customers. The business submitted a mobile app ...
119E ECUTIVE BAR AININ CEOS NE OTIATIN THEIR PAWITH EMSantosConleyha
119
E ECUTIVE BAR AININ : CEOS NE OTIATIN THEIR PA
WITH EMPLO EES OR CORPORATE E ICIENC
By Nathan Witkin
I INTRODUCTION
Rising executive pay is a significant problem that points to a structural
flaw in American corporations. This article presents a solution to that flaw
through which Chief Executive Officers (CEOs) negotiate their pay in
company resources with lower-paid employees. Exploring this solution also
unearths an explanation for capitalism s apparent drive toward inequality and
examines the historical development of corporations and trade unions in the
United States.
The problem is that managers and corporate directors will raise pay at the
top so long as that pay-setting process does not consider the pay of average-
and low-wage workers. The solution is that CEOs and other top executives
negotiate their pay in company resources with employees in a process that
determines the pay and bonuses of both sides. Microeconomic theory indicates
that confronting the tradeoffs of raising executive compensation with other
potential corporate expenditures—by negotiating this compensation with
workers from different parts of the company—will make executive
compensation more efficient.1 Also, historical analysis indicates a pattern in
which executive compensation became aligned with public interest only during
the period in which workers had significant power to negotiate their wages and
Master of Public Policy Candidate at eorgetown University s McCourt School of Public
Policy J.D., The Ohio State Moritz College of Law. The Author is an independent researcher,
originator of a variety of social innovations (co-resolution, interest group mediation, consensus
arbitration, dependent advocacy, the popular tax audit, the hostile correction, a partnership
between citizen review boards and community policing, and a two-state/one-land solution to the
Israeli-Palestinian conflict), and author of several ambitious theories (the shift in sovereignty
from land to people under international treaties, the use of impact bonds as a solution to climate
change, and resistance to the accelerating expansion of the universe as the cause of gravitation).
He is also a former solo-practitioner in criminal and family law.
1 N. RE OR MAN IW, PRINCIPLES O MICROECONOMICS ( th ed. 2012) (describing the first
principle of microeconomics as centered on trade-offs). Many basic microeconomic models
involve trade-offs between potential allocations of resources to achieve efficiency. See DAVID
BESAN O RONALD R. BRAEUTI AM, MICROECONOMICS 20 07 (5th ed. 201 ).
120 KAN. J.L. & P B. POL’Y Vol. I :1
benefits. This is not to say that the solution to executive compensation is a
return to unions, which developed as a separate organizational structure with
their own flaws and inefficiencies. Rather, a corporation that synthesizes the
inputs of all its employees will be able to maximize efficiency and
productivity, producing profits for shareholders and growth for the overall
econ ...
11CALIFORNIA MANAGEMENT REVIEW VOL. 51, NO. 4 SUMMER 2009 CMR.BERKELEY.EDU
The Emergence and
Evolution of the
Multidimensional
Organization
J. Strikwerda
J.W. Stoelhorst
“In terms of its impact, not just on economic activity, but also on human life as a
whole, the multidivisional organizational design must rank as one of the major
innovations of the last century.”—John Roberts1
T
he multidivisional, multi-unit, or M-form, is widely acknowledged
as the most successful organization form of the twentieth century.2
Firms that employ the M-form organize their activities in separate
business units and delegate control over the resources needed to
create economic value to the managers of these units. This organization form is
widespread, is central to the “theory in use” of managers, and serves as the basis
of most accounting systems. However, the organization of productive activities
in many contemporary firms violates the principle that is central to the M-form:
that business units are self-contained. The quest for synergies that has been high
on the corporate agenda since the late 1980s has resulted in the widespread
adoption of corporate account management, shared service centers, and matrix
organizations. As a result, most business units now depend at least in part on
resources that are controlled by other units. This raises fundamental questions
about the status of the M-form in contemporary firms.
Questioning the status of the M-form is not merely a theoretical fancy,
but is high on the agenda of managers as well. In this article, we report on
research that was commissioned by the Foundation for Management Stud-
ies, a Dutch organization of management executives. These practical men and
women shared a fundamental uneasiness about structuring their organizations.
On the one hand, many of them experienced problems with the M-form: high
employee costs, internal battles over resources, lack of standardization, lack of
cooperation, and loss of market opportunities. On the other hand, they did not
The Emergence and Evolution of the Multidimensional Organization
UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, BERKELEY VOL. 51, NO. 4 SUMMER 2009 CMR.BERKELEY.EDU12
see any viable alternatives to the multi-unit organization form. The need to
exploit synergies across business units was widespread, but it was unclear which
organizational designs are most appropriate to achieve this. This led to a research
project to explore the ways in which leading Dutch organizations, including
subsidiaries of foreign multinationals, have adapted the M-form to better exploit
synergies across business units.
As we expected, the results of the study vividly illustrate the fundamen-
tal tension between the need for contemporary firms to exploit synergies and
their need for clear accountability. However, an additional and unexpected
finding was that a number of firms in the study have evolved an organiza-
tional form that signals a new way of res ...
LAND USE LAND COVER AND NDVI OF MIRZAPUR DISTRICT, UPRAHUL
This Dissertation explores the particular circumstances of Mirzapur, a region located in the
core of India. Mirzapur, with its varied terrains and abundant biodiversity, offers an optimal
environment for investigating the changes in vegetation cover dynamics. Our study utilizes
advanced technologies such as GIS (Geographic Information Systems) and Remote sensing to
analyze the transformations that have taken place over the course of a decade.
The complex relationship between human activities and the environment has been the focus
of extensive research and worry. As the global community grapples with swift urbanization,
population expansion, and economic progress, the effects on natural ecosystems are becoming
more evident. A crucial element of this impact is the alteration of vegetation cover, which plays a
significant role in maintaining the ecological equilibrium of our planet.Land serves as the foundation for all human activities and provides the necessary materials for
these activities. As the most crucial natural resource, its utilization by humans results in different
'Land uses,' which are determined by both human activities and the physical characteristics of the
land.
The utilization of land is impacted by human needs and environmental factors. In countries
like India, rapid population growth and the emphasis on extensive resource exploitation can lead
to significant land degradation, adversely affecting the region's land cover.
Therefore, human intervention has significantly influenced land use patterns over many
centuries, evolving its structure over time and space. In the present era, these changes have
accelerated due to factors such as agriculture and urbanization. Information regarding land use and
cover is essential for various planning and management tasks related to the Earth's surface,
providing crucial environmental data for scientific, resource management, policy purposes, and
diverse human activities.
Accurate understanding of land use and cover is imperative for the development planning
of any area. Consequently, a wide range of professionals, including earth system scientists, land
and water managers, and urban planners, are interested in obtaining data on land use and cover
changes, conversion trends, and other related patterns. The spatial dimensions of land use and
cover support policymakers and scientists in making well-informed decisions, as alterations in
these patterns indicate shifts in economic and social conditions. Monitoring such changes with the
help of Advanced technologies like Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems is
crucial for coordinated efforts across different administrative levels. Advanced technologies like
Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems
9
Changes in vegetation cover refer to variations in the distribution, composition, and overall
structure of plant communities across different temporal and spatial scales. These changes can
occur natural.
Walmart Business+ and Spark Good for Nonprofits.pdfTechSoup
"Learn about all the ways Walmart supports nonprofit organizations.
You will hear from Liz Willett, the Head of Nonprofits, and hear about what Walmart is doing to help nonprofits, including Walmart Business and Spark Good. Walmart Business+ is a new offer for nonprofits that offers discounts and also streamlines nonprofits order and expense tracking, saving time and money.
The webinar may also give some examples on how nonprofits can best leverage Walmart Business+.
The event will cover the following::
Walmart Business + (https://business.walmart.com/plus) is a new shopping experience for nonprofits, schools, and local business customers that connects an exclusive online shopping experience to stores. Benefits include free delivery and shipping, a 'Spend Analytics” feature, special discounts, deals and tax-exempt shopping.
Special TechSoup offer for a free 180 days membership, and up to $150 in discounts on eligible orders.
Spark Good (walmart.com/sparkgood) is a charitable platform that enables nonprofits to receive donations directly from customers and associates.
Answers about how you can do more with Walmart!"
ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, and GDPR: Best Practices for Implementation and...PECB
Denis is a dynamic and results-driven Chief Information Officer (CIO) with a distinguished career spanning information systems analysis and technical project management. With a proven track record of spearheading the design and delivery of cutting-edge Information Management solutions, he has consistently elevated business operations, streamlined reporting functions, and maximized process efficiency.
Certified as an ISO/IEC 27001: Information Security Management Systems (ISMS) Lead Implementer, Data Protection Officer, and Cyber Risks Analyst, Denis brings a heightened focus on data security, privacy, and cyber resilience to every endeavor.
His expertise extends across a diverse spectrum of reporting, database, and web development applications, underpinned by an exceptional grasp of data storage and virtualization technologies. His proficiency in application testing, database administration, and data cleansing ensures seamless execution of complex projects.
What sets Denis apart is his comprehensive understanding of Business and Systems Analysis technologies, honed through involvement in all phases of the Software Development Lifecycle (SDLC). From meticulous requirements gathering to precise analysis, innovative design, rigorous development, thorough testing, and successful implementation, he has consistently delivered exceptional results.
Throughout his career, he has taken on multifaceted roles, from leading technical project management teams to owning solutions that drive operational excellence. His conscientious and proactive approach is unwavering, whether he is working independently or collaboratively within a team. His ability to connect with colleagues on a personal level underscores his commitment to fostering a harmonious and productive workplace environment.
Date: May 29, 2024
Tags: Information Security, ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, Artificial Intelligence, GDPR
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Find out more about ISO training and certification services
Training: ISO/IEC 27001 Information Security Management System - EN | PECB
ISO/IEC 42001 Artificial Intelligence Management System - EN | PECB
General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) - Training Courses - EN | PECB
Webinars: https://pecb.com/webinars
Article: https://pecb.com/article
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For more information about PECB:
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Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/PECBInternational/
Slideshare: http://www.slideshare.net/PECBCERTIFICATION
Main Java[All of the Base Concepts}.docxadhitya5119
This is part 1 of my Java Learning Journey. This Contains Custom methods, classes, constructors, packages, multithreading , try- catch block, finally block and more.
This presentation was provided by Steph Pollock of The American Psychological Association’s Journals Program, and Damita Snow, of The American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE), for the initial session of NISO's 2024 Training Series "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape." Session One: 'Setting Expectations: a DEIA Primer,' was held June 6, 2024.
How to Build a Module in Odoo 17 Using the Scaffold MethodCeline George
Odoo provides an option for creating a module by using a single line command. By using this command the user can make a whole structure of a module. It is very easy for a beginner to make a module. There is no need to make each file manually. This slide will show how to create a module using the scaffold method.
How to Setup Warehouse & Location in Odoo 17 InventoryCeline George
In this slide, we'll explore how to set up warehouses and locations in Odoo 17 Inventory. This will help us manage our stock effectively, track inventory levels, and streamline warehouse operations.
The simplified electron and muon model, Oscillating Spacetime: The Foundation...RitikBhardwaj56
Discover the Simplified Electron and Muon Model: A New Wave-Based Approach to Understanding Particles delves into a groundbreaking theory that presents electrons and muons as rotating soliton waves within oscillating spacetime. Geared towards students, researchers, and science buffs, this book breaks down complex ideas into simple explanations. It covers topics such as electron waves, temporal dynamics, and the implications of this model on particle physics. With clear illustrations and easy-to-follow explanations, readers will gain a new outlook on the universe's fundamental nature.
How to Add Chatter in the odoo 17 ERP ModuleCeline George
In Odoo, the chatter is like a chat tool that helps you work together on records. You can leave notes and track things, making it easier to talk with your team and partners. Inside chatter, all communication history, activity, and changes will be displayed.
1. Narrated Slides for Organizational Politics2. fileTEDx -
1. 1. Narrated Slides for Organizational Politics
2. file:///TEDx - Power of Influence - Shawn King (16/39)Links
to an external site.
3. file:///TED - Social Networks - Nicholas Christakis
(20/59)Links to an external site.
4. file:///TED - Body Language - Amy Cuddy (21/02)Links to
an external site.
5. file:///Narrated Slides for Conflict & Negotiations
(50/58)Links to an external site.
6. file:///TED - Dare to Disagree - Margaret Heffernan
(12/56)Links to an external site.
7. file:///TEDx - Resolving Conflict - Jim Ferrell (19/03)Links
to an external site.
PhD Prospectus Form
Students | Complete your doctoral prospectus within this form.
Write your responses in the white spaces using a scholarly tone
and include in-text citations and APA reference entries, where
appropriate. You can click on underlined terms and headings for
descriptions, resource links, and examples located in the
Appendix. For additional prospectus information and resources,
refer to the Doctoral Research Coach. Complete the Research
Design Alignment Table within this form using the information
from earlier sections and self-assess your research design
alignment. Submit this completed form into MyDR for formal
evaluation and feedback when your committee chair indicates
that you are ready to do so.
Student’s Name |Patricia Igboneje-Asor
Student ID | AO1006588
Program and Specialization* | DHA
Submission Date |2/2/21
*Remember that your study focus must be within the realm of
2. your program and specialization area.
Evaluators Only | Complete this section and provide feedback
on responses and rubric scores in the form where noted.
Committee Chairperson Name: Dr. Bull
Overall Assessment: Choose score.
Second Committee Member Name: Dr. Kourtney Nieve
Overall Assessment: Choose score.
PhD Program Director: Overall
Assessment: Choose score.
Title
In 12 words or less, what is the working title for this study?
Include the topic, variables/concepts, and relationship between
them, and the most critical keywords.
Investigate the relationship between nurse manager leadership
styles and quality of care depicted by the patient outcomes in
hospitals within Southeast US.
Supporting Literature
The first step in developing your prospectus is to search the
literature related to the general area you want to investigate (see
the social problem below).In your review of the recent
empirical literature, what keywords did you search, and in what
databases?
The keywords and databases searched included Leadership
styles, Job Satisfaction, transformational leadership, Laissez-
Faire leadership and quality of service, training and
development, communication.
The keywords were searched using Google Scholar and Walden
Online Library Database to identify related studies published
within the Walden University College of Health Sciences,
European Scientific Journal, Ethiopian Journal of Health
Sciences, and Department of Nursing Administration, Faculty of
3. Nursing, Cairo University, among other government sources so
as to support the research findings of the study.
Provide at least 10brief summaries of recent, scholarly (peer -
reviewed) articles that support/justify a current and relevant
problem in your discipline or professional field. Source(s)
supporting your framework should be included. Include the
complete APA reference entry, followed by (a) an in-text
citation; (b) what was studied; (c) what was found, and (d) why
this research is important in relation to your study. This
evidence provides the justification for your research proble m.
Negussie, N., & Demissie, A. (2013). Relationship Between
Leadership Styles of Nurse Managers and Nurses' Job
Satisfaction in Jimma University Specialized Hospital.
Ethiopian Journal of Health Sciences, 23(1), 49–58.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3613815/.
Negussie and Demissie (2013) conducted a 6 months’ research
using the non-experimental correlation design on the effect of a
leadership style of various nurse manager on the level of job
satisfaction within Jimma University Specialized Hospital. The
research conducted on professionals with more than one-year
experience in the nursing practice indicated a positive
relationship between transformational leadership and an
increase in the level of satisfaction among the nurses. This
research serves as an important platform for development of the
research topic mainly because the research only used the
analysis of only one type of leadership. Thus, the study also
provides an effective template that can be used in developing
the research including the most effect method of analyzing the
data which involves descriptive statistics followed by
inferential statistics due to the clarity of the method and
research findings in answering the question about the leadership
styles applied by nursing leadership on the job satisfaction of
nurses.
4. Albagawi, B. (2019). Leadership styles of nurse managers and
job satisfaction of staff nurses: Correlational design study.
European Scientific Journal ESJ, 15(3).
https://doi.org/10.19044/esj.2019.v15n3p254.
The study by Albagawi (2019) aims at determining the link
between leadership styles exhibited by nurse leaders and
managers with the aspect of job satisfaction within Ha’il City,
Saudi Arabia. Based on the correlation analysis as well as the
analysis of the work quality index of employees surveyed, there
was a positive relationship between transformational leadership
style and job satisfaction whereby as compared to transactional,
and laissez-faire leadership, the transformational leadership
style had a more statistically significant relationship with job
satisfaction. This notion is further supported by the high
prevalence of nurses for leaders who exhibited transactional
leadership styles. However, the impact of other leadership
styles, which is not as clear from the research suggests more
research so as to identify the impact of other types of leadership
styles on the employee job satisfaction. This provision supports
the need for more research to identify the correlation between
the two variables.
Khairunnisa, P., & Nadjib, M. (2019). Effect of leadership style
on service quality and job satisfaction among hospital nurses: A
systematic review. Strengthening Hospital Competitiveness to
Improve Patient Satisfaction and Better Health Outcomes.
https://doi.org/10.26911/the6thicph-fp.04.32
The research by Khairunnisa and Nadjib sought to effectively
identify the most effective type of leadership among healthcare
professionals critical in appraising the level of integration and
care among healthcare nurses. The authors conducted a survey
of related topics research articles whereby they included articles
published within the last ten years to investigate the problem.
The research findings indicated a huge influence of leadership
style and strategy on increasing job satisfaction among nurses
5. as well as improving the quality of service offered to those
patients identified through their effect on the commitment and
performance levels of individual employees. The research
articles review dating back 10 years support the research topic
by acting as a source of information in regards to the variance
between related articles based on their findings in relation to
the relationship between the two variables. However, the
information provided only supports the analysis of only one
type of leadership, transformational hence suggesting the heed
for analysis of the effects of other types of leadership styles on
job satisfaction.
Hussein, S., & Wahidi, I. (2018). Leadership and job
satisfaction in the healthcare sector: An exploratory study in
Lebanon. International Business Research, 11(7), 46-55.
https://doi.org/10.5539/ibr.v11n7p46.
Hussein & Wahid (2018) conduct an Exploratory Study in
Lebanon to identify the relationship between leadership and job
satisfaction within the healthcare sector. Analysis of the factors
that affect job satisfaction by the author from data collected by
the responses reveal a close relationship between all the
variables and the job satisfaction variable. The authors provide
a model towards developing effective leadership styles by
providing the most relevant characteristics desired in a leader.
The research is significant in supporting the body of knowledge
towards supporting the hypothesis whereby an improved
relationship between leaders and the subordinates not only
supports high job satisfaction, but also develops derives higher
performance from the organization’s workforce.
Moura, A., Bernardes, A., Balancelle, A. P., Zanetti, A. C., &
Gabriel, C. S. (2017). Leadership and nursing work satisfaction:
an integrative review. Acta Paulista de Enfermagem, 30(4).
https://doi.org/10.1590/1982-0194201700055
6. The article by Moura et al., (2017) investigates the relationship
between leadership and nursing level of job satisfaction through
an integrative review of various research articles related to the
research topic ranging from periods between 2011 to 2016. The
result findings indicated that there is high need for development
of capacity among nursing professionals mainly because of the
significance of nursing leadership on job satisfaction. The
integrative review provides a simplified but thorough template
for conducting the cumulative case study mainly because it
adopts similar approaches in comparing the different research
articles towards investigating the research topic.
Solomon, A. (2019). The Relationship of Nurse Manager’s
Leadership Styles in Maintaining a Just Culture. Walden
Dissertations and Doctoral Studies, Walden University, 1-180.
https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=9
024&context=dissertations
In his article, Solomon introduces the aspect of a just culture in
analyzing the effectiveness of a Nurse Manager’s Leadership
Styles. The author mainly associates transformational and
transactional leadership styles with efforts from leaders to
constantly improve the workplace environment mainly because
they are normally best positioned to influence a wide variety of
nursing practice environmental aspects such as motivation by
formulating effective compensation strategies among others to
support this initiative. The findings were inconclusive although
the study provided a better understanding of the relationship
between unit-level just culture perceptions and other variables.
This article complements other articles supporting the
effectiveness of a manager’s leadership style on improving
perceptions about the level of influence of a leader’s leadership
style on the subordinate nurses. Subsequently, it also supports
the need for more research in regards to the research topic.
Perez, J. W. (2014). Impact of Nurse Managers' Leadership
Styles on Staff Nurses' Intent to Turnover. Nursing Theses and
7. Capstone Projects, 1-39. https://digitalcommons.gardner-
webb.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1030&context=nursing_et
d
There is a wide variety of indicators of job satisfaction
in one of them being the employee intent to turn over. Thus,
Perez sought to establish the relationship between Nurse
Managers leadership styles and the intent to turnover by
employees. The results indicated a positive relationship between
a professional’s intent to turnover among other indicators such
as employee absence, which was identified as one of the factors
that indicate low levels of job satisfaction. Gaining a broad
spectrum on issues affecting job satisfaction helps develop an
argument on the active role of nursing leaders in Herzberg’s
two-factor theory. An example is whereby an environment
which natures professional development is recognized as having
higher perceptibility to retain employees more than
organizations that don’t support such initiatives.
Bušatlić, S. B., & Mujabašić, A. (2018). Herzberg’s two-factor
theory of job satisfaction comparative study between private
and public high school teachers in Canton Sarajevo.
International Journal of Business Management & Research,
8(6), 27-48. https://doi.org/10.24247/ijbmrdec20184
Research by Bušatlić, & Mujabašić a more generalized approach
towards analyzing the relationship between job satisfaction and
leadership style by analyzing the teacher’s environment. The
research, which was restricted to the high schools in Canton
Sarajevo supports the application of the Herzberg’s two factor
theory in the research whereby the employee’s job satisfaction
was affected by both the hygiene and the motivational factors
such as interpersonal relationship with subordinates, salary,
status, and workplace environmental conditions among others.
The research article plays an important role in providing some
of the most effective approaches towards improving the level of
job satisfaction among employees that can be applied across
other sectors. Subsequently, it highlighted the importance of
8. recognition as a motivating intervention although it doesn’t
have to be financially rewarding.
Hassard, J., Teoh, K., & Cox, T. (2018). Job satisfaction:
Theories and definitions: OSHwiki. OSHWiki. Retrieved
January 15, 2021, from
https://oshwiki.eu/wiki/Job_satisfaction:_theories_and_definitio
ns#:~:text=feel%20at%20work.-
,Theories%20of%20job%20satisfaction
The article by Hassard et al., 2018 provides an in-depth
overview of the various job satisfaction theories applicable in
explaining how it is related to the aspect of organizational
environment including leadership. Some of the theories
discussed under the article include Maslow’s Hierarchy of
needs, Herzberg’s two factor model and the dispositional
approach. This article is crucial in developing the theoretical
framework of the study mainly because the theories provided
correlate with improvement, or deterioration of job satisfaction.
An example of such a theory is the Herzberg’s motivator-
hygiene approach which establishes the conditions necessary for
example a conducive work environment in facilitating employee
motivation among employees through other motivators like
recognition that cannot be effective without accomplishment of
hygienic conditions.
Alloubani, A., Akhu-Zaheya, L., Abdelhafiz, I. M., & Almatari,
M. (2019). Leadership styles' influence on the quality of
nursing care. International Journal of Health Care Quality
Assurance. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJHCQA-06-2018-0138
Alloubani et al., 2019 conducts an investigation into the
leadership styles from registered nurses’ perspective and their
effects on the quality of nursing offered within both public and
private institutions. According to the author, transformational
leadership style was identified as the most prevalent, and
preferable leadership style within nursing healthcare settings
based on the quality of healthcare attained from practicing
9. healthcare under transformational leadership. This study is
crucial in identifying one of the most prevalent measurements
that can be applied in evaluating the impact of leadership styles
on subordinates within healthcare settings. It is also worth
noting that quality index serves as one of the most applied
measurements of job satisfaction hence providing an overview
of some of the measurement criteria to use in the research.
Rubric Standard | Justified > Is evidence presented that this
problem is significant to the discipline and/or professional
field?
Problem
What was the social problem that prompted you to search the
literature to find out more? Write in complete sentences using a
scholarly tone.
The situation or issue that prompted me to search the literature
is to eliminate the disparities that exist in regards to the
attributes of a manager on the quality and effectiveness of the
management of a healthcare setting. The problem is mainly as a
result of the wide disparity exhibited among contemporary
healthcare societies.
Now that you have read and summarized some of the recent
literature to understand your problem, and given what other
researchers are exploring, what meaningful gap have you
identified that your study will address? (What have others not
yet explored about this problem that you will contribute with
your study?)
Although researchers have investigated this issue, the topic has
not been explored in this way: Despite the availability of a
variety of studies regarding leadership styles and the
effectiveness of different types of leadership styles on job
satisfaction, there is insufficient knowledge to support a
generalized understanding of how different aspects of
10. leadership styles applied in different healthcare settings support
improvement of the general level of satisfaction among
healthcare workers. It is worth noting that healthcare settings
adopt different leadership styles according to the prevailing
situations as opposed to overreliance of transformational
leadership as suggested by most research studies conducted.
Additionally, the situational leadership style which is applied in
temporary situations has not been addressed by most of the
studies conducted hence providing an insight into huge gap into
wholly understanding the effects of leadership styles on job
satisfaction better outcome performances relative to hospitals
with one or no accredited-designation status. This notion is
supported by research findings that suggested further studies
related to effectiveness of leadership styles within different
healthcare settings (Moura et al., 2017).
Based on all of the above information (social problem, literature
review, gap), in one sentence, what is your research problem?
The specific research problem that will be addressed through
this study is to examine the relationship between nursing
leadership style and the level of subordinate job satisfaction
within healthcare settings and whether different types of
leadership styles are applicable in different healthcare settings
and how they impact job satisfaction levels.
Rubric Standard | Meaningful > Has a meaningful problem and
gap in the research literature been identified?
Rubric Standard | Original > Does this project have potential to
make an original contribution?
Purpose
To address your stated research problem, what is the purpose of
your study? Will you describe, compare, explore, examine, etc.?
Complete the purpose sentence below and be sure to clarify
your variables/concepts of interest.
The purpose of this Qualitative study is to conduct
quantitative and cumulative case study to establish the exact
11. relationship between different nurse leadership styles on job
satisfaction and employee performance levels of the nurses.
Comment by David Bull: … mixed methods study is to
examine and explore the relationship between……..
Framework (Conceptual or Theoretical)
What theory(ies) and/or concept(s) support (frame) your study
and who are the original authors? Provide an in-text citation
with your response, and the complete APA reference entry with
summary in the Background section.
The theories and/or concepts that ground this study includes
the concept of job satisfaction is a variable that is normally
interrelated with several elements around the organization that
is best described by Herzberg’s two factor theory of job
satisfaction which describes the fact that employee satisfaction
often occurs within two dimensions including hygienic issues
and motivation. The theory emphasizes on the need for
accomplishment of an effective hygienic environment that
involves issues to do with salary, working conditions,
interpersonal relationship and security before pursuing
motivational elements including recognition, achievement, and
advancement as a job satisfaction improvement intervention
(Busatlic & Mujabasic, 2018 p.32). The various elements
identified under the theory are interwoven with the
characteristics associated with different leadership styles, for
example, value for advancement by transformational leaders as
opposed to transactional leaders and situational leaders who use
other hygienic factors like salary as the main strategy for
improving job satisfaction and performance. Thus, the
theoretical framework using the Herzberg’s two factor theory
aims at establishing the link between the two variables, job
satisfaction and leadership style based on the various elements
identified under the theory which are linked to the leadership
characteristics to explain the impact of the hygiene in
facilitating motivational factors within the various facilities
analyzed by previous research. Subsequently, the Donabedian
12. model will be used to complement the theoretical framework by
providing an overview of some of the factors that affect the
quality of healthcare including job satisfaction through the use
of the structure, process and Outcome model. It is worth noting
that leadership styles and job satisfaction are both positively
related to the quality of healthcare provided within hospitals,
thus, indicated a high potential for a relationship between the
two variables (Farman et al., 2017 p.518; Alloubani 2019 p.12).
Comment by David Bull: Select a leadership style –
transformational, transactional, etc (Bass and Avolio's
Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire).See link for a list of
leadership
instruments:https://commons.lib.jmu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?re
ferer=https://search.yahoo.com/&httpsredir=1&article=1000&co
ntext=lilDecide whether quantitative or qualitative study.
Comment by David Bull: This should be your theoretical
framework because you are dealing with quality.
How do these theories and/or concepts relate to your research
problem, purpose, and the nature of your study?
The logical connections between the framework presented and
the nature of my study include analyzing whether there is a
correlation between the characterizing factors of leadership
styles on the levels of job satisfaction of nurses since leaders
are responsible for providing an effective environment to
trigger intrinsic motivation from the nurses thus leading to
improved job satisfaction levels. This notion will be facilitated
by applying the cumulative case study in the analysis. The
Donabedian model will be used for this particular purpose by
interlinking leadership styles to job satisfaction, which
according to research is related to improved quality of health
care.
Rubric Standard | Grounded > Is the problem framed to enable
the researcher to either build upon or counter the previously
published findings on the topic?
Research Question(s) and Hypotheses (if applicable)
13. List the question(s) that you plan to use to address the research
problem. Your question(s) must align with your study purpose
and include the variables and/or concepts and how they will be
examined.
RQ1: Depending on the leadership style applied within the
contemporary healthcare systems, what is the general level of
job satisfaction?
H0 – Transactional leadership styles don’t have statistically
significant relationship with improved levels of job satisfaction.
H1 – Transactional leadership styles have statistically
significant relationship with improved levels of job.
RQ2: What is the impact of job satisfaction on employee
performance. Comment by David Bull: Just use 2 research
questions 1 and 3. Disregard 2.
H0 – There is a no correlation between job satisfaction and
employee performance. I thought you are studying quality???
H1 - There is a high correlation between job satisfaction and
employee performance.
RQ3: What is the impact of leadership style on quality of care
indicated by employee performance.
H0 – There is a no correlation between leadership style and
employee performance.
H1 - There is a high correlation between leadership
style and employee performance
Nature of the Study
What systematic approach/method and research design do you
plan to use to address your research question(s)?
To address the research questions in this Mixed Method study,
the specific research design will include a cumulative case
study model whereby the research will use an aggregate of
secondary data from past research data collected at different
times for the purposes of having a deeper understanding of the
relationship between leadership styles and job satisfaction
among nurses (Hayes, Kyer & Weber,2015). Subsequently,
quantitative analysis was conducted on numerical data collected
14. from empirical studies from within 10 years so as to identify
any changes in the effects of the variable on job satisfaction
through statistical significance analysis. The data will then be
analyzed using the theoretical and conceptual frameworks for
their relationship in supporting a generalized view of the
research topic. Comment by David Bull: OK. Good. Then you
can indicate
Reference entry for the work on which this research design is
based:
Hayes, R., Kyer, B., & Weber, E. (2015). The Case Study
Cookbook. https://web.wpi.edu/Pubs/E-project/Available/E-
project-121615-164731/unrestricted/USPTO_CookbookFinal.pdf
For your planned research design, what type of data will you
need and what data collection tools and sources will provide it?
For my planned research design, I will need to historically
collect data from 15 empirical research studies published
between 2020 and 2010 in regards to the impact of leadership
style on job satisfaction and impact of job satisfaction on
employee performance. Some of the data sources to used
include the Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies
Collection, European Scientific Journal, National Center for
Biotechnology Information, Ethiopian Journal of Health
Science, International Conferences, Digital [email protected]
University, Biomed Central, and research Gate
What data points from these sources do you plan to use to
answer your research question(s)?
Common data will be extracted from all of the research
articles identified under the annotated bibliography for use in
the research. Information to be extracted from all the research
studies include Authors, country or year, leadership theoretical
reference, data collection instruments, Job satisfaction
significance levels and outcomes of the studies. It is w orth
noting that such information is crucial since this is an
integrative research involving analysis of previous research
studies. Data points should be what you are looking for – surely
leadership style data, quality parameters, list them. Review RQs
15. to list specific data points.
What limitations, challenges, and/or barriers might you need to
address while conducting this study (e.g., access to participants,
access to data, requirements for storing data, separation of roles
or other ethical considerations, instrumentation fees, etc.)?
Some of the limitations that need to be addressed during the
research include access to information such as patient outcomes
from individual sources such as hospitals. Thus, the research
will avoid the use of a specific hospital as a point of reference
and instead used generalized sources of information including
the research articles.
Additionally, credibility of the information used in the study
might be put into question mainly because of the fact that data
was primarily outsourced from secondary sources hence
providing the possibility for use of poor-quality data.
Conflicting research results in regards to effectiveness of a
leadership style on different healthcare situations. Since the
research is integrative, the most apparent research findings will
be used in analyzing the research topic.( access to patient
information, permissions, etc)
Rubric Standard | Feasible > Can a systematic method of inquiry
be used to address the problem; and does the approach have the
potential to address the problem while considering potential
risks and burdens placed on research participants?
Significance
How will your study address the meaningful, discipline-specific
issue that you identified and therefore contribute to your field,
discipline, professional practice, etc. contributing to positive
social change?
This study is significant in that it provides an accumulative
result of the wide range of the research studies conducted in
regard to the effects of the leadership styles on the level of job
satisfaction exhibited by employees. It is worth noting that most
studies have focused on the elements affecting job satisfaction
including the environmental and motivational factors but there
has been little research conducted to provide a generalized view
16. of the effects of leadership styles on job satisfaction.
Significance would be:
1. Positive social change
2. Managerial leadership styles that improves quality care
3. Research material for other researchers
4. Student use as reference materials.
5. Help managers in scheduling and assigning staff, etc.
References
Albagawi, B. (2019). Leadership styles of nurse managers and
job satisfaction of staff nurses: Correlational design study.
European Scientific Journal ESJ, 15(3).
https://doi.org/10.19044/esj.2019.v15n3p254
Alloubani, A., Akhu-Zaheya, L., Abdelhafiz, I. M., & Almatari,
M. (2019). Leadership styles' influence on the quality of
nursing care. International Journal of Health Care Quality
Assurance. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJHCQA-06-2018-0138
Bušatlić, S. B., & MUJABAŠIĆ, A. (2018). Herzbergs two-
factor theory of job satisfaction comparative study between
private and public high school teachers in Canton Sarajevo.
International Journal of Business Management & Research,
8(6), 27-48. https://doi.org/10.24247/ijbmrdec20184
Farman, A., Kousar, R., Hussain, M., Waqas, A., & Gillani, S.
A. (2017). Impact of Job Satisfaction on Quality of Care Among
Nurses on the Public Hospital of Lahore, Pakistan. DOI:
10.21276/sjmps
Hassard, J., Teoh, K., & Cox, T. (2018). Job satisfaction:
Theories and definitions: OSHwiki. OSHWiki. Retrieved
January 15, 2021, from
https://oshwiki.eu/wiki/Job_satisfaction:_theories_and_definitio
ns#:~:text=feel%20at%20work.-
,Theories%20of%20job%20satisfaction,Model%3B%20and%20t
he%20dispositional%20approach
17. Hayes, R., Kyer, B., & Weber, E. (2015). The Case Study
Cookbook. https://web.wpi.edu/Pubs/E-project/Available/E-
project-121615-164731/unrestricted/USPTO_CookbookFinal.pdf
Hussein, S., & Wahidi, I. (2018). Leadership and job
satisfaction in the healthcare sector: An exploratory study in
Lebanon. International Business Research, 11(7), 46-55.
https://doi.org/10.5539/ibr.v11n7p46
Khairunnisa, P., & Nadjib, M. (2019). Effect of leadership style
on service quality and job satisfaction among hospital nurses: A
systematic review. Strengthening Hospital Competitiveness to
Improve Patient Satisfaction and Better Health Outcomes.
https://doi.org/10.26911/the6thicph-fp.04.32
Moura, A., Bernardes, A., Balsanelli, A. P., Zanetti, A. C., &
Gabriel, C. S. (2017). Leadership and nursing work satisfaction:
an integrative review. Acta Paulista de Enfermagem, 30(4).
https://doi.org/10.1590/1982-0194201700055
Negussie, N., & Demissie, A. (2013). Relationship Between
Leadership Styles of Nurese Managers and Nurses' Job
Satisfaction in Jimma University Specialized Hospital.
Ethiopian Journal of Health Sciences, 23(1), 49–58.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3613815/
Perez, J. W. (2014). Impact of Nurse Managers' Leadership
Styles on Staff Nurses' Intent to Turnover. Nursing Theses and
Capstone Projects, 1-39. https://digitalcommons.gardner-
webb.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1030&context=nursing_et
d
Solomon, A. (2019). The Relationship of Nurse Manager’s
Leadership Styles in Maintaining a Just Culture. Walden
Dissertations and Doctoral Studies, Walden University, 1-180.
https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=9
024&context=dissertations
.
Rubric Standard | Impact > Does this project have potential to
affect positive social change?
Rubric Standard | Objective > Is the topic approached in an
18. objective manner?
Partner Site Masking Self-Check
Walden capstones typically mask the identity of the partner
organization. The methodological and ethical reasons for this
practice as well as criteria for exceptions are outlined here (link
to posted guidance).
☒ Check here to confirm that you will mask the identity of the
organization in the final capstone that you publish in ProQuest.
☐ If you perceive that your partner organization’s identity
would be impossible to mask or if there is a strong rationale for
naming the organization in your capstone, please check this box
so that your Program Director can review your request for an
exception. If granted, that exception must be confirmed by the
IRB during the ethics review process. The IRB will also ensure
that your consent form(s) and/or site agreement(s) permit
naming the organization.
Research Design Alignment Table | Using an alignment table
can assist with ensuring the alignment of your research design.
Research Design Alignment Table Video Tutorial (YouTube) |
Doctoral Research Design Alignment Appointments or Office
Hours
Note. At the prospectus stage, not all items in the table below
can be identified (e.g., data points, data analysis). Please
complete the items that you have identified in this form. During
proposal development, you will revisit this plan to adjust, as
needed, and finalize your research design.
Research Problem, Purpose, and Framework
Provide one sentence for each. These must align with all rows.
Research Question(s), Method, & Design
List one or more RQs, as needed; select method; identify
design. Use a separate form for additional RQs.
Data Collection Tools & Data Sources
19. List the instrument(s) and people, artifacts, or records that will
provide the data for each RQ.
Data Points
List the variables, specific interview questions, scales, etc. that
will be used for each RQ.
Data Analysis
Briefly describe the statistical or qualitative analysis that will
address each RQ.
Problem: Investigate relationship between leadership style and
employee performance
Purpose: Determine relationship between leadership style and
employee performance.
Framework: Herzberg’s two factor theory, Donabedian model
RQ1: Examine the effect of leadership style on job satisfaction
Method: Quantitative
Design: Cumulative case study.
Synthesis historical data from 15 empirical research studies
conducted between period 2010-20 in regards to job satisfaction
levels 2. Performance based on number employee performance
success 3. Leadership attributes
- Employee performance
- Job satisfaction
Cumulative case study coupled with quantitative analysis
whereby the articles research findings will be synthesized and
analyzed using the theories of motivation and job satisfaction as
well as statistical analysis.
Quantitative Data Analysis
RQ2: Examine effects of job satisfaction on employee
performance
Method: Mixed Method
Design: Cumulative case study and statistical regression.
Collect information from 15 publicly available, but peer
reviewed empirical studies conducted within the last 10 years
with the main data points revolving around quality of care and
level of job satisfaction
20. See above under data points.
Cumulative case study coupled with quantitative analysis
whereby the articles research findings will be synthesized and
analyzed using the theories of motivation and job satisfaction as
well as statistical analysis.
Quantitative Data Analysis
RQ3: Examine relationship between leadership style and
employee performance.
Method: Quantitative
Design: Cumulative case study
Collect information from 15 publicly available, but peer
reviewed empirical studies conducted within the last 10 years in
regards to 1. Leadership style and 2. Employee performance
See above under data points.
Cumulative case study coupled with quantitative analysis
whereby the articles research findings will be synthesized and
analyzed using the theories of motivation and job satisfaction as
well as statistical analysis.
Quantitative Data Analysis
Note. The information in the first column must align with all
rows, and each individual RQ row must show alignment across
the columns for that row. Once your Research Design
Alignment Table is completed, reflect on your design alignment.
Ask yourself:
1. Is there a logical progression from the research problem to
the purpose of the study?
2. Does the identified framework ground the investigation into
the stated problem?
3. Do the problem, purpose, and framework in the left-hand
column align with the RQ(s) (all rows)?
4. Does each RQ address the problem and align with the purpose
of the study?
5. Does the information across each individual row match/align
with the RQ listed for that row?
21. · By row, will the variables listed address the RQ?
· By row, will the analysis address the RQ?
· By row, can the analysis be completed with the data points
that will be collected?
Rubric Standard | Aligned > Do the various aspects of the
prospectus align overall?
Appendix
The Doctoral Prospectus
The Doctoral Prospectusis a brief document that provides
preliminary information about your dissertation research and is
used in two ways:
· It serves as the tentative plan for developing the propos al and
is evaluated to ensure doctoral-level work (e.g., feasibility,
alignment, etc.).
· It provides information used to assign the committee
University Research Reviewer.
Prospectus milestone approval from the committee chair, second
committee member, and a program-level designee is required
for you to move forward and work on your proposal. The plan is
subject to change, and parts of your research design may need
to be adjusted after you complete your exhaustive review of the
literature during proposal development.
…………………………………………………………………………
………………………
Title
Quantitative (QN) Example
Differences in the Quality of Problem Statements Written
Throughout the Capstone
Qualitative (QL) Example
How Online Doctoral Students Develop a Dissertation Problem
22. Statement
…………………………………………………………………………
………………………
Background Literature
Probably the most important step in the research process is
searching recent, peer-reviewed literatureand reading
articlesrelated to the general area you want to investigate. The
area is based on an identified social problem. As you read and
learn, you will narrow your focus. This is how you will identify
a discipline-specific research problem.
[Note: Scholarly, empirical articles and how to find them.]
First, you’ll need to determine your search terms or
keywordsand the databases you should search.As you conduct
your search of the literature, stay organized by keeping a search
log.
Search Log Example
Database
Search Terms
Results
Notes
Thoreau
online doctoral program completion; limited to peer reviewed,
2016-present
1175
Search too broad; Narrow by using multiple terms
Thoreau
online doctoral program completion AND ABD; limited to peer
reviewed, 2016-present
13
Much better; Several relevant articles found
Education Source
Etc.
23. Example for this Form
The keywords and databases searched included ABD, online
doctoral program completion, doctoral capstone completion,
online research training, and online learning in the databases
Education Source, ERIC, and SAGE Journals, as well as in a
Thoreau multidatabase search.
As you read and evaluate literature, you also need to organize
your research. A literature review matrix is one way to help you
visualize what has and hasn't been done in your field. It will
help you understand the scholarly works related to your area of
interest. The importance of organizing and recording your
review of literature cannot be overstated. You will refer to your
notes as you write, so start on the right track from the
beginning!
[Suggestion: If you keep your search log in an Excel workbook,
use the second tab in the same workbook for your literature
review matrix.]
For this form, includethe complete, APA reference entry and(a)
an in-text citation; (b) what they studied; (c) what they found;
and (d) why this is important in relation to your study. This
evidence provides the justification for your research problem.
These sources provide justification that this problem is
meaningful to the discipline or professional field. These
references should ideally be from the past 5 years. Reference
entries related to the framework should be included here, too.
[Note: During proposal development, you will conduct an
exhaustive review and synthesize your sources, rather than
summarize.]
Example (for one article; at least 10 are required)
24. Ismail, H. M., Majid, F. A., & Ismail, I. S. (2013). “It’s
complicated” relationship: Research students’ perspective on
doctoral supervision. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences,
90, 165–170. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2013.07.078
(a) Ismail, Majid, and Ismail (2013); (b) focused on the student
experience with supervision while learning to conduct research;
(c) found three issues of lack of positive communication, lack
of expertise, and power conflicts; and (d) this is important in
relation to my study because it may help explain progress on the
development of a problem statement in the capstone process.
Rubric Standard | Justified >Is evidence presented that this
problem is significant to the discipline and/or professional
field?
…………………………………………………………………………
………………………
ProblemSocial Problem
The situation or issue being experienced by a population or
within your discipline that prompted you to search the literature
to find out more is sometimes called a social problem. It is the
issue that students see “on the ground” so to speak. The social
problem is often what prompts students to think about a topic of
interest. Usually such a topic is one that students identify with,
sometimes having personally experienced some aspect of the
problem as it exists in the world.
Example
The issue that prompted me to search the literature is the low
completion rate of students in doctoral programs. It is common
knowledge in the education discipline that only about half of
the students who enter doctoral programs will complete, and the
25. lack of progress is often due to the dissertation process. A
search in The Chronicle of Higher Education will result in
numerous articles about supporting doctoral students with their
capstone research to improve the completion rates of doctoral
programs.
Gap
The need to address an identified gap in the research
literaturemust be clear and there must be current relevance to
the discipline and area of practice. Keep in mind that a gap in
the research is not, in and of itself, a reason to conduct
research. The gap relates to the rubric standard: Meaningful.
Example
Although researchers have investigated this issue, there is very
little or no literature on the development of problem statements
by students in online doctoral programs.
Research Problem
A research problem is a focused topic of concern, a condition to
be improved upon, or troubling question that is supported in
scholarly literature or theory that you study to understand in
more detail, and that can lead to recommendations for
resolutions. It is the research problem that drives the rest of the
dissertation: the purpose, the research questions, and the
methodology.
QN Example
In one sentence, the specific research problem isthat it is not
known whether the quality of problem statements written by
online doctoral students varies over time in the program.
QL Example
In one sentence, the specific research problem isthat there is a
26. lack of information on how online doctoral students go about
developing their research problem statement for their
dissertations.
Rubric Standard | Meaningful >Has a meaningful problem and
gap in the research literature been identified?
Rubric Standard | Original >Does this project have potential to
make an original contribution?
…………………………………………………………………………
………………………
Purpose
To address your stated research problem, what is the purpose of
your study? Will you describe, compare, explore, examine, etc.?
Be sure to clarify your variables/concepts of interest. For
example:
· In quantitative studies, state what needs be studied by
describing two or more factors (variables) and a conjectured
relationship among them related to the identified gap or
problem.
· In qualitative studies, describe the need for increased
understanding about the issue to be studied, based on the
identified gap or problem.
· In mixed-methods studies, with both quantitative and
qualitative aspects, clarify how the two approaches will be used
together to inform the study.
QN Example
The purpose of this quantitative study is to examine differences
in the quality of problem statements written by doctoral
students in online programs during the various stages of their
doctoral studies.
27. QL Example
The purpose of this qualitative study is to improve the
understanding of the process by which doctoral students in
online programs arrive at a viable problem statement for their
dissertations.
…………………………………………………………………………
………………………
Framework
The framework includes the theories and/or concepts relevant to
your topic. Align the framework with the problem, purpose,
research questions, and background of your study. This
theoretical or conceptual framework is the basis for
understanding, designing, and analyzing ways to investigate
your research problem (data collection and analysis). Provide
the original scholarly literature (citing original authors) on the
theory and/or concepts, even if it is more than 5 years old.
Please do not cite secondary sources.
Example Theoretical Framework
The theories and/or concepts that ground this study include
Perry’s (1970) theory of epistemological development.
Example Conceptual Framework
The theories and/or concepts that ground this study include
Perry’s (1970) theory of epistemological development, focusing
specifically on the concepts of online learning and the
pedagogical challenges associated with online learning and
dissertation writing.
Next, explain how these theories and/or concepts relate to your
research problem, purpose, and the nature of your study. Your
topic/approach should align with the identified framework so
28. that you will either build upon or counter the previously
published findings on the topic.
Example Connection for the Theoretical Framework
The logical connections between the framework presented and
my study approach include Perry’s theoretical work, which has
been used extensively in all aspects of higher education, albeit
more frequently with undergraduates than with doctoral
students. The approach provides details on cognitive-structural
changes that emerge as a result of development and learning.
Example Connection for the Conceptual Framework
The logical connections between the framework presented and
my study approach include Perry’s theoretical work, which has
been used extensively in all aspects of higher education, albeit
more frequently with undergraduates than with doctoral
students. Further, subsequent research and application of
Perry’s theory offer guidance on ways to facilitate academic
development, thus allowing for insight into the pedagogical
challenge of the dissertation.
Rubric Standard | Grounded >Is the problem framed to enable
the researcher to either build upon or counter the previously
published findings on the topic?
…………………………………………………………………………
………………………
Research Question(s) and Hypotheses (if applicable)
List the overarching question and/or a series of related
questions that are informed by the study purpose, that will be
used to address the research problem. A research question
informs the research design by providing a foundation for:
· generation of null and alternative hypotheses in quantitative
studies,
29. · questions necessary to build the design structure for
qualitative studies, and
· a process by which different methods will work together in
mixed-methods studies.
QN Example
RQ1: Based on objective ratings by doctoral faculty, what are
the differences in the overall quality of problem statements as
students progress through the doctoral study process?
H01—Based on objective ratings by doctoral faculty, there are
no statistically significant differences in the overall quality of
problem statements as students progress through the doctoral
study process.
H1—Based on objective ratings by doctoral faculty, there are
statistically significant differences in the overall quality of
problem statements as students progress through the doctoral
study process.
QL Example
For students with a high-quality problem statement at the
dissertation stage, what themes emerge in their reports of the
process that they used to develop
it?………………………………………………………………………
…………………………Nature of the Study
Explain the systematic approach/method and research design
you plan to use to address your research question(s). Examples
of study design are as follows:
· Quantitative—for experimental, quasiexperimental, or
nonexperimental designs; treatment-control; repeated measures;
causal-comparative; single-subject; predictive studies; or other
quantitative approaches
· Qualitative—for basic/generic qualitative design, ethnography,
case study, grounded theory, narrative inquiry,
phenomenological research, policy analysis, or other qualitative
traditions
30. · Mixed methods, primarily quantitative—for sequential,
concurrent, or transformative studies, with the focus on
quantitative methods
· Mixed methods, primarily qualitative—for sequential,
concurrent, or transformative studies, with the focus on
qualitative methods
· Other—for another design, to be specified with a justification
provided for its use
QN Example
To address the research questions in this quantitative study, the
specific research design will include a repeated-measure design
(Frankfort-Nachmias & Nachmias, 2008) with objective ratings
of student work products examined across time. This
quantitative analysis should help pinpoint the amount of growth
from the beginning to the end of the project.
Reference entry for the work on which this research design is
based:
Frankfort-Nachmias, C., & Nachmias, D. (2008). Research
methods in the social sciences cd-rom spss cd-rom vol 15. (7th
ed.). Worth Pub.
QL Example
To address the research questions in this qualitative study, the
specific research design will include a single descriptive case
study (Yin, 2014) with interviews with students and faculty.
This qualitative analysis using pattern matching and cross case
analysis will improve the understanding of the process by which
doctoral students in online programs arrive at a viable problem
statement for their dissertations.
Reference entry for the work on which this research design is
based:
Yin, R. K. (2014). Case study research: Design and methods
(Fifth edition). SAGE.
31. Then, for your planned research design, present the type of data
you will need, and a list of possibledata collection tools and
sources that could be used to address the proposed research
question(s), such as test scores from college students, employee
surveys, observations of a phenomenon, interviews with
practitioners, historical documents from state records, de-
identified medical records, or information from a federal
database. At this point, you should have an idea of the type of
data needed to address your research question(s). Explain
whether you will be collecting primary data (collected by the
you, the researcher) or accessing secondary data (preexisting or
public data collected by others). If you are collecting data, you
should present the tentative plan for instrument(s) and potential
participants. If using secondary data, identify the data source,
how the data will be accessed. Possible secondary data sources,
by program, are available on the Center for Research Quality
website. [Note. This is your tentative plan, so keep in mind that
things might need to be modified during the proposal stage—
particularly after you have completed your exhaustive review of
the literature.]
QN Example
For my planned research design, I will need to request access to
preexisting/secondary data from the W University’s online
doctoral program related to problem statement development of
at least 300 students.
QL Example
For my planned research design, I will need to recruit both
student and faculty participants for individual interviews.
Interview protocols will be developed to address the problem
and purpose of the study.
32. Next, provide the data points from these sources you plan to use
to answer your research question(s). Data points are the specific
variables or type of information that you will use in your
analysis. For example, they may include items on a survey or
types of interview questions (not the actual survey or interview
questions). If using secondary data, you must ensure the data
include the variables or data points that you need to address
your research question.
QN Example
The program collects and rates doctoral problem statements
written at four key points in a doctoral student’s career: the
premise, the prospectus, the proposal, and the doctoral study
writing stage. The data will be deidentified and contain the
scores by stage of program for 300 online doctoral students.
Other data may be collected from surveys of instructors.
QL Example
The data will include responses to the faculty and student
interview questions regarding how online doctoral students go
about developing their research problem statement for their
dissertations.
Finally, provide information on limitations, challenges, and/or
barriers that may need to be addressed when conducting this
study. These may include access to participants, access to data,
separation of roles (researcher versus employee),
instrumentation fees, etc. If you are thinking about collecting
data on a sensitive topic or from a vulnerable population, an
early consultation with the Institutional Review Board (IRB;
[email protected]) during your prospectus process is
recommended to gain ethics guidance that you can incorporate
into your subsequent proposal drafts and research planning.
[Note. Find more information on research ethics and potential
33. “red flag” issues on the IRB Guides and FAQs.]
QN Example
A potential barrier when using secondary data is that data
access will probably include a partner-site agreement and
potentially an external research ethics review (IRB), which may
take some additional time. A possible barrier for collecting
survey data is difficulty in recruitment of participants. I will
attend IRB Office Hours to ask questions about these issues.
QL Example
A potential barrier when collecting primary data include partner
site agreement and possible difficulty recruiting participants for
interviews. Ensuring clear separation of my role at the
institution from my role as researcher may also be a challenge.
Rubric Standard | Feasible >Can a systematic method of inquiry
be used to address the problem; and does the approach have the
potential to address the problem while considering potential
risks and burdens placed on research participants?
…………………………………………………………………………
………………………
Significance
Here you explain how your study addresses the meaningful,
discipline-specific issue that you identified and will therefore
contribute to your field, discipline, professional practice, etc.
contributing to positive social change. Detail how your findings
might support professional practice or allow practical
application (answer the So what? question).
Example
This study is significant in that it will fill a gap in
34. understanding by focusing specifically on development of
problem statements by students in online doctoral programs.
The results of this study should aid doctoral committees and
academic programs in helping students to succeed in their final
projects, thus supporting eventual degree attainment. Education
has long been a force for social change by addressing inequities
in society. Because a broad range of students attends online
institutions, supporting their successful attainment of a terminal
degree allows for increased diversity among individuals in key
academic and scholarly leadership positions.
Rubric Standard | Impact >Does this project have potential to
affect positive social change?
Rubric Standard | Objective >Is the topic approached in an
objective manner?
…………………………………………………………………………
………………………
My Doctoral Research (MyDR)
If you have not done so already, you should familiarize yourself
with the MyDR system. The MyDR system was designed to
assist you and your committee in navigating your doctoral
research journey, from the very beginning through the final
approval. The various landing pages in MyDR will track your
progress and will serve as a central location for resources to
support that progress. There is a process flow tool in which you
exchange and store faculty evaluations of and feedback on your
work as you progress along that journey.
You will be entered into the MyDR system when both your
committee chair and second member nominees are approved by
the academic program. At that point, you will be able to access
MyDR from the homepage of your dissertation completion
35. course in Blackboard. The first document that you will submit
for approval in MyDR will be your prospectus.
Analysis & Evaluation
General Overview of Case Briefs
Analysis & Evaluation
Criteria Recipe
List
Define
Weight
Justify
1
1
37. 2
I. Executive Summary
Sonoco Products Company, an international packaging
company, began operations in
1899. Originally called Southern Novelty Company when
founded by Major James Coker in
Hartsville, South Carolina with $6,000 of initial capital. Around
2000, Sonoco became one of the
largest packaging companies and was achieving revenues around
$2.6 billion. Sonoco amasses a
workforce including over 17,300 employees spread across 32
countries and services various
customers in nearly 85 countries with consumer and industrial
packaging solutions. When
Sonoco restructured itself in the late 1980’s into a more
divisional organization with a
decentralized human resources department it put Sonoco’s HR
department in a tactical role
versus a strategic one within the company. Sonoco’s HR
departments aligned well with their
respective divisions. However, company-wide initiatives and
strategic plans were hard to
implement with unaligned HR departments.
The senior vice president of human resources, Cindy Hartley,
was tasked with devising a
new HR organization that would be more financially
responsible, create corporate-wide
consistency, increase the accountability of corporate managers,
38. and provide strategic support to
the business. Hartley and her task force are torn between two
options, either a hybrid or
centralized HR organization. With the implementation of the
hybrid HR organization Sonoco
will be able to reduce costs by $2.7 million, allow for more
flexibility in responses to changes in
the market and with competition, become more aligned with
both individual divisions and the
company as a whole, and address the accountability of managers
by clearly identifying division’s
needs in terms of employee development. By following the
multi-step plan of implementation,
Hartley and her task force will be able to successfully navigate
the restructuring of Sonoco’s HR
department and in turn achieve all of the benefits that will be
provided by the hybrid
organization.
3
39. II. Situation Overview
The packaging industry employed over 5 million people in
100,000 companies
worldwide in the late 1990’s. The United States accounted for
over 28% of the total sales of the
industry. The packaging business experienced growth during the
early 1970’s due to the
introduction of aluminum cans, and a decade later, the industry
benefited by the increasing
popularity of plastics. This material was becoming more and
more popular and replacing others
such as glass and metal, and it was considered beneficial due to
their durability, being cost-
effective, and its environmental advantages.
Nevertheless, in late 1990’s, the packaging industry was facing
challenges presented by
the increasing competition and potential growth of opportunities
resulting from globalization.
The manufacturing process was moving out of the United States
to countries with lower labor
costs such as India and China. This competitive market was not
only characterized by their low
prices, but also by their poor quality, value, and service. An
increasing number of U.S companies
started investing overseas, leading to a large number of plants
closing.
40. The growing popularity of e-commerce and the growing
appreciation for the role
packaging played in building and enhancing brand value
provided manufacturers the
opportunities and challenges to tailor packaging to the different
demands of various customer
groups. The packaging industry was challenged to design high-
visibility packaging solutions that
would highlight the product, build consumer brand recognition,
and motivate shoppers to
purchase. Many companies had to focus on placing more
attention on the needs and desires of
the end consumer.
The packaging company, Sonoco Products Company, founded in
1899 in Hartsville,
South Carolina by Major James Coker was originally known as
The Southern Novelty Company.
They focused on the production of a cone-shaped paper yarn
carrier used for winding and
transporting yarn for the textile industry. The automated
manufacturing process used to produce
them led to sales close to $1 million in 1923. The company
continued its expansion by mainly
acquiring over 60 companies around the world.
The company employed 17,300 employees across 285 operations
in 32 countries,
reaching to 85 nations. Sonoco’s business was characterized
with two segments: industrial and
consumer packaging. The manufacture and sales of consumer
and industrial packaging resulted
41. in revenues over $2.6 million in 2000. The industrial division
accounted for 55% of the revenues
and employed 11,000 employees, while the consumer packaging
division employed 6,000
employees and accounted for 45% of the total revenue.
Sonoco, in 1995, was highly decentralized, inconsistent in its
production process, and
unequal in the services that existed among the various
businesses. The company had a more
divisional structure, which led human resources (HR) to become
decentralized. This
decentralization allowed the HR to be aligned with the
divisions, and focused on being more
tactical than strategic. The HR managers’ daily duties were to
handle employee relation issues,
hiring new employees along with ensuring the employee-
employer relationship would not
develop any major problems for the company. Each of the
company’s divisions (paper,
industrial, and consumer) had its own HR department who
managed budgets, performance
management process, development, and leadership training
program.
4
In 1995, Sonoco hired Cindy Hartley as the Vice President of
Human Resources. With
42. extensive experience in the HR field, the newly appointed CEO
of the company, in August 2000,
assigned Hartley to develop a company reorganization by
introducing two new potential HR
structures. This restructuring would reduce the function’s costs
by 20%, or $2.8 million and
additionally would help ensure top-level accountability for
talent management and upgrading.
This strategy would also contribute to a more even distribution
of HR talent and support.
Moreover, this restructuring was needed to support the
company’s growth, which often meant
working across division lines to meet a single consumer’s
demand.
Hartley, after a few months of work, identified several aspects
of the company she
needed to address in order to meet the requirements asked by
the CEO. She prioritized the
change in performance and compensation management to
become more consistent and reward
the employee according to their performance. Additionally, she
focused on identifying and
building the required employee skills for the job and to identify
the next generation of leaders
that would replace the current employees who have been failing
to perform. Lastly, she included
in her long-term plan the goal of becoming a more diverse
company, which would benefit them
by creating competitive advantage while incorporating minority
and women representation.
In order to be able to accomplish the requirements asked by the
CEO, Hartley
43. recommended two options to the Executive Committee. Firstly,
she introduced a centralized HR
function in which costs would be reduced by $3.1 million.
Under this function, a large group of
HR representatives would take control over 10 to 15 plants. On
the other hand, she suggested a
hybrid organizational plan, which would reduce costs to up to
$2.7 million and would generate
more direct involvement with staffing, succession planning,
personnel programs, compensation,
and benefits. There are also some disadvantages that they must
take into consideration prior to
the implementation of one of these plans. Even though the
centralized program would have the
largest savings, it would not guarantee the achievement of other
objectives; the lack of
opportunity to be directly in communication with the HR
representatives might fail to meet the
individual needs of each department or employee. The hybrid
structure would generate the
savings suggested by the CEO, but it would also not guarantee
an easy implementation of this
plan across the company.
Harley’s job was to analyze and decide which of the two
structures would best fit the
company needs while providing costs savings, standardize and
streamline the HR processes
related to recruiting and development and to drive more
accountability for talent throughout the
organization.
44. 5
III. Problem Identification
1. Decentralization of HR
When Sonoco restructured itself in the late 1980s into a more
divisional organizational
structure, the HR department followed suit, evolving into a
highly decentralized facet of the
company. HR managers began reporting directly to general
managers of the businesses. HR
managers’ roles changed to support day-to-day employee
relations issues and hiring within their
division. Each division developed its own HR function with
separate HR systems, budgets,
performance management processes, and employee development
programs. As a result of this,
businesses across the company were inconsistent in their
processes and unequal in the services
available to its customers. In addition to driving down costs,
HR must be structured to support
the company’s growth strategy, improve productivity, and
45. create opportunities for cross-training
and talent management.
2. Poor administration of benefits and compensation
While this decentralized HR structure enabled HR to be highly
aligned with the divisions,
it played more of a tactical role as opposed to strategic role.
Benefits and compensation
administration was separated from the benefits and
compensation planning function and reported
to a separate vice president. Consequently, when the planning
group would devise a program or
develop a policy, there was little communication or
coordination with administration regarding
overall intent or implementation across all of the divisions. In
addition, benefits and
compensation were viewed more as entitlements rather than
costs that the company needed to
manage or as a tool to drive performance.
Stemming from the lack of a corporate compensation procedure
and guidelines, Sonoco’s
merit increases for employees often did not reflect their true
performance or contributions to the
company. Division managers had free reign over how to
determine raises and would often
manipulate performance ratings to get larger salary increases
for their staff.
3. Lack of employee development process
Another deficiency is an employee development process that
would highlight and further
refine employees’ skills and identify and develop required skills
46. that were lacking. Management
skills were an apparent need for Sonoco. A number of
employees with 15 or more years with the
company were failing once they reached the management ranks,
it was believed, because of a
lack of preparedness.
4. Company culture negates employee accountability
Sonoco was founded in 1899 on the belief that People Build
Businesses. It was
considered to be an ethical, team-oriented, collaborative, and
family-friendly company.
However, there were some negative aspects of having a
company culture based on the employee
relationship; the company failed to identify and penalize the
employees’ underperformance that
did not meet company’s expectations and ensured jobs for life.
During the times the company
had a strong financial position (1980 to 1990s), they did not
have the need of changing this
company culture. However, when the stock prices started falling
due to the globalization and
increasing competition, the need to make adjustments to the
company culture and structure
became evident.
6
47. 5. Lack of diversity
One final attribute lacking at Sonoco was an instilled sense of
diversity. Developing a
definition of diversity that could be easily communicated and
implemented throughout the
company was a challenge. Employees would have to see the
competitive advantage to diversity
in order for it to be accepted as part of the company’s culture.
Hartley was given a mandate of creating a more professional,
business-oriented,
contributing HR group that would reduce the function’s costs by
20%, or $2.8 million. Hartley’s
challenge was to create an HR structure that would create a
more strategic role for HR that was
most beneficial to the company as a whole and would work
towards a more standardized mode
of business operations across the entire company. While the
restructuring of HR was being done
in large part to reduce costs, it was also an opportune time to
further streamline HR processes
related to recruiting and employee development, to drive more
accountability for talent
throughout the organization, and to structure an HR that would
provide customized, strategic
support to the businesses.
IV. Analysis and Evaluation
48. Identification of Alternatives
There are two alternatives identified as plans of reorganization
for HR:
1. Implement the Hybrid Plan
2. Implement the Centralized Plan
Criteria
The following criteria will be used to evaluate the two
alternatives identified above:
1. Flexibility: one of the key requirements in a fast growing
industry that constantly needs
to adjust to economic and environmental changes. The
globalization of the packaging
industry, as well as the introduction of e-commerce, are some of
the examples of the
fluctuations of the industry that the company must easily
incorporate in order to stay
profitable and competitive in the market. Employees and
company divisions must be able
to manage and adjust to the changing packaging industry
accordingly in order to meet the
organization’s targets. This criterion is weighted 0.2.
49. 2. Accountability: the level of accountability placed on general
managers in the business for
developing, retaining, and replacing talent. Some of the most
talented employees in the
business can be easily recruited by other organizations;
therefore, it is important that
managers and the HR department offer talented employees the
opportunity to advance in
the company, be rewarded according to their performance and
be able to obtain training
in this fast growing industry in order to maximize their
capabilities of improvement.
Retaining talented employees will also assure the growth of the
company and thus
increase profitability. This criterion is weighted 0.3.
7
3. Company performance: the ability for the company to meet
its financial targets,
production goals, improve productivity and effectiveness and
the capabilities of
expansion. Company performance determines how well the
organization is performing
overall, but it also demonstrates how the individual parts are
working with each other.
50. Sonoco’s culture was described as “collaborative, family
friendly, paternalistic, ethical,
and team oriented”. If the company culture is being met, then
the company is performing
at its fullest as a result of the ethical, collaborative and team-
oriented work. This criterion
is weighted 0.3.
4. Cost: the cost of implementing one of the two proposed
programs can be a determinant
factor for the organization. The main goal for introducing the
HR restructuring was to
reduce function costs. However, it is important to balance the
immediate costs savings
against long-term costs that the program may incur. The
expenses incurred for the
company may include employee costs such as training, salaries,
traveling expenses, etc.
or company costs to implement a policy, building and
equipment investment. This
criterion is weighted 0.2.
Analysis
The two alternatives are evaluated on a five point scale,
ranging from 5 being “Excellent”
to 1 being “Poor”. Each of the four criteria is appropriately
weighted according to their
51. importance to the company as described above. Table 1 provides
our alternatives and their
ratings for each criterion.
Table 1: Analysis of Alternatives
Flexibility
(0.2)
Accountability
(0.3)
Company
Performance
(0.3)
Cost
(0.2)
Score
1. Hybrid Plan
5.0 4.0 4.0 2.0 3.75
52. 2. Centralized
Plan
3.0 2.0 2.0 5.0 3
8
Hybrid Plan
The hybrid organizational model is structured so that the
company is organized by two
sectors: consumer and industrial. Each sector would be led by a
VP of HR with a director of
employee relations and a director of compensation and
organizational development reporting
directly to him or her. Field HR reps would be assigned to one
or the other sector.
Flexibility: The hybrid approach will allow HR the flexibility in
responding to changes
mandated by actions of the external competitors, of the labor
market, and the need for new
53. products, which all require diversified HR strategies. Hybrid
organizational designs allow you to
tailor your business reporting and duty structure to the needs of
your business. For example, if
you have multiple product lines, you may find combining a
product and geographic
organizational structure allows you to move employees and
resources quickly based on changing
customer demand. Tying your organizational structure to your
product causes your employees to
focus on the support and advancement of each individual
product you offer. Adding a geographic
component to your organizational structure can tailor offers,
marketing, and services based on
differences in customer price points, packaging and product
needs. The dual focus may help you
better meet customer needs and, in turn, increase your profits.
The hybrid plan was rated a 5.0
for flexibility.
Accountability: HR reps embedded in the business units will
facilitate the necessary cultural
shift by clearly identifying a divisions’ needs regarding
employee development, thus addressing
accountability in managing performances. It also ensures
ownership of the HR policies and
processes to the managers, integrating a more rigorous talent
management thus achieving the
overall HR alignment across the company. Therefore, the hybrid
plan is rated a 4.0 for
accountability.
Company Performance: The hybrid plan is structured so that HR
works closer with the divisions
54. such that HR will better understand internal processes, working
methods, strategic business
requirements, and the key competencies the workforce needs to
possess to attain the strategic
goals. In doing so, HR will be able to adapt its policies and
systems to the business context
achieving the alignment with the business unit’s needs. This
approach will undoubtedly improve
company performance and therefore was rated a 4.0 for that
criterion. It is not rated a 5.0 for
company performance due to the challenge of implementing
changes across the entire company.
Cost: The goal for the reorganization of the HR was to reduce
the function’s costs by 20 percent,
or $2.8 million. The projected cost savings would be $2.7
million for the hybrid structure.
Therefore, the hybrid plan was rated 2.0. However, it could be
argued that the cost savings of
the hybrid structure would be realized over time with the
developed efficiencies of talent
management and increased company performance.
9
55. Centralized Plan
The centralized organizational model is structured so there was
a single large group of
field HR reps, each handling 10 to 15 plants and an
administrative staff of about five people who
would operate across all business units/divisions.
Flexibility: In order to meet constantly changing customer
demands, it is essential for Sonoco to
be able to quickly adapt. The centralized organizational model
is centered on a leaner,
consolidated, more efficient human resources organization
operating at the core of the company.
This plan presents a disconnect between the different divisions
and the HR reps and provides less
opportunity for HR initiatives to be directly aligned with the
divisions’ business needs. Although
this model makes it easier to implement changes in HR policies
and processes company-wide, by
not being completely aligned with the individual businesses, the
centralized plan presents the
problem of not being able to accurately assess the strengths and
weaknesses of a division. This
oversight will make it difficult to designate new products to the
specific plants that can most
efficiently manage a change in product lines. Due to the
limitations of the centralized plan’s
flexibility, it received a rating of 3.0.
Accountability: With the centralized plan, the lack of HR
support provided to general managers
directly affects accountability. In order for general managers to
56. successfully retain skilled talent
and manage employee needs, it is necessary for them to have a
good working relationship with
HR. The structure of the centralized plan relegates the field HR
reps to an “on call” position
where they are unable to provide anything beyond basic
employee relations tasks. With the field
HR reps and the general managers not working together on a
daily basis, HR’s ability to mitigate
problems and provide support are greatly diminished. Because
of its negative impact on
accountability, the centralized plan scored a 2.0.
Company Performance: By focusing on administrative goals,
human resources leaders in a
centralized HR organization overlook the need to develop
different services, such as maximizing
business time spent on workforce productivity, identifying how
business performance is
impacted by workforce metrics, understanding the root cause
behind first-year and high-
performer attrition, and coordinating succession planning and
management development
activities. Overall there is a general lack of direct support for
division leaders and lack of
involvement of the field HR reps with core HR functions such
as employee development,
compensation, etc. Therefore, the company performance was
rated a 2.0 for this plan.
Cost: The centralized plan was rated 5.0 for the cost criterion
based solely on projected cost
savings. The total cost savings for this plan was projected to be
$3.1 million, which represents
57. higher cost reduction than the CEO’s expectations of $2.8
million. This structure is the most
cost-effective because it trims down costs associated with
driving administrative and other types
of process improvements. However, the cost savings for the
centralized structure can be
attributed to the minimal support directly provided to the
general managers of each business.
10
V. Recommendations
Based on the analysis provided, the recommendation for
Sonoco is to implement a hybrid
HR plan. With the hybrid plan, Sonoco will have the flexibility
needed to remain competitive in
an ever changing marketplace. Due to the two sector
organization of the hybrid plan, the
company will be able to quickly implement changes to improve
performance and to receive the
feedback needed to make informed decisions. By maintaining a
presence on the divisional level,
HR will have the benefit of aligning its functions with the
strategic goals of the division.
Although the $2.7 million savings represented by implementing
the hybrid plan falls short of the
58. $2.8 million mandate given to Hartley, the plan’s long-term
benefits outweigh the additional
short-term savings. The problem with creating a leaner, more
efficient human resources
organization is that today’s business leadership needs something
different. Surely, everyone
needs to be cost effective and serve their internal customers
efficiently, but the changing global
business market requires human resources to deliver a different
array of services, not the same
service for less.
The hybrid organizational structure creates a shared mission
and allows for employees to
work on different projects and in different sectors. Instead of
having a top-heavy, traditional
structure of management and employees, a hybrid organization
uses a network based structure
involving groups of individuals, sometimes in different
geographic areas, working together to
accomplish shared goals.
As companies embrace globalization and competitive pressures,
local labor markets are
rapidly evolving and changing, and the skill shortages are
pushing human resources into the
frontlines of acquiring, developing, and retaining talent.
Business strategies are increasingly
forcing employees to collaborate across customer segments,
regions, and processes, which
requires changes to organizational design. Sonoco’s
implementation of the hybrid HR plan will
cultivate the talent to make this possible and build business
knowledge within its teams.
59. The following are the short-term and the long-term effects
resulting from the
implementation of the hybrid structure in Sonoco:
Short-term
➢ 3 to 6 months
○ Initial cost savings
○ Talent distribution to smaller divisions
○ HR support to business units
Long-term
➢ 1 year
○ Improved performance
○ Increased returns to shareholders
○ Talent development
○ Cultural shift
○ Higher retention ratio
11
VI. Plan of Implementation
Step 1: Introduce the HR hybrid model
60. The first step is to consolidate the HR function adopted since
1995 and introduce the HR
hybrid model. Human resources team members must understand
the true nature of their
business’s competitive environment and the company’s
executive strategies to achieve success.
This understanding is not simply a responsibility of HR
leadership. For processes to deliver their
true value, every member of the team has to be ingrained into
the business.
Step 2: Implement talent management process
The initial step to implementing a talent management process is
detecting the gaps
discovered from the performance management systems. A
company must identify and align
competencies needed to carry out strategic business plans. The
next step would be to introduce
the new competency framework aligned with recruitment,
performance management, incentive
programs and promotion processes. The next step is to assess
the job training needed to fill in the
existing gaps. The design of talent management will be
controlled by HR and not delegated to
the division managers. To upgrade HR staff, the company would
support workshops on
organizational strategies, online certifications, and job rotations
and cross training. To upgrade
managers, the company would provide training on HR
principles, mentoring subordinates, team
building, change management, etc.
61. Step 3: Assign accountability to the human resources
organization to achieve business
goals.
HR will take on an active role in the execution of the
business’s strategic plan as part of
the hybrid organizational structure. Accountability forces both
the division and human resources
to collaborate. HR must adapt practices that deliver business
through their processes. For
example, performance management processes must change from
an annual documentation
process to a process that progressively develops talent,
quantifies skills, and identifies high
performance.
Step 4: Evaluation using Key Performance Indicators
It is imperative that an organization measures how effective
they are achieving their
business objectives, especially after organizational restructuring
has been done. One of the most
frequent techniques for completing such an evaluation is the use
of key performance indicators
(KPI). KPI’s are used throughout the company’s division as an
evaluation of its success. The
following tables summarize some of the KPI’s Sonoco can use
in order to measure their
performance. These indicators are used to measure its financial,
HR, sales and diversification
outcomes and are described below:
62. 12
Table 2: Financial KPIs
KPI Definition
KPI Goal
Stock Price
Cost of purchasing a single
security
Control stock prices stay
consistent to the industry
average
Net Profit Margin
Company profit for every
dollar in revenue
63. Measure the company
profitability and make
adjustments to the packaging
productions as needed to
increase sales
Stock price is an important indicator that measures the
company’s performance. Because
Sonoco is in a changing industry that can be affected by small
economic, political, environmental
and societal factors, it is determinant that the company has
indicators that will quickly
demonstrate something has changed. Therefore, by
continuously tracking the stock price, this
will keep managers, employees and Executive Committees
aware of the current market and
industry behavior and be able to compare to the company’s
stock price and make adjustments
accordingly.
Net profit margin is another helpful indicator because it
measures the amount of profit
obtained by every dollar of revenue. Sonoco, as a sales
company, must work hard in order to
maximize their profits and their shareholder’s wealth.
Therefore, the use of a net profit margin
performance indicator will help all parts of the company
become knowledgeable of the
production and sales amount and how targets should be changed
if actual profits exceed the
targets.
64. Table 3: HR KPIs
KPI Definition
KPI Goal
Turnover Rate
Employee retention ratio
Measures the capability of the
organization to keep their
employees
ROI of Training
Compares the amount of
money invested for training
and the performance of that
individual employee
Measures the effectiveness in
the use of training program
13
65. After the HR restructuring has been implemented, it is
important that key performance indicators
are used to evaluate how the hybrid program is benefiting (or
not) the company. The use of
turnover ratios will help measure the capability of Sonoco to
keep their employees. The longer
those employees stay in the company, the more trained and
talented they will be at their job.
Additionally, the return on investment of training is a way to
measure how effective was the
training completed by the employees. This ratio measures the
amount of dollars invested in
training and compare it to the individual performance. This is a
key indicator to evaluate if the
training offered to the employees is sufficient or if there is
something that must be changed in
order to improve individual performance.
Table 4: Diversity KPIs
KPI Definition
KPI Goal
Female to Male Ratio
Amount of female employees
for every male employee
Assures that the company is
meeting the minimum
requirements of females
employed in the organization
66. Percentage of racial/ethnic
designation per division
Ethnicity/race percentage in
each division
Evaluates if the company is
following the diversification
of workforce by hiring
employees with different
backgrounds
Diversification is another newly introduced idea that the
company wishes to accomplish
with the implementation of the hybrid plan. KPIs are important
to measure the diversification
targets at the early stage of this plan and also throughout the
life of the company. Two different
KPIs are introduced in order to evaluate the diversification
plan. Firstly, the female to male ratio
will assure the company is meeting the minimum requirements.
Secondly, the percentage of
racial and ethnic designation per division will be helpful to
evaluate if the company is following
the diversification of workforce by hiring employees with
different backgrounds.
VII. Conclusion
67. Through the use of our plan of implementation, we believe that
Cindy Hartley and her
task force will be able to successfully restructure Sonoco’s HR
department into a hybrid
organization. In doing so, HR will be able to aid businesses
strategically and meet the goals of
the company that have been laid out for them such as lowering
costs, increasing the
accountability of managers, and creating flexibility in the ways
Sonoco can adapt to changes
both internally and those caused by external forces like
competition. We have done extensive
analysis using meaningful criteria to review the effectiveness of
both of the alternatives, hybrid
14
and centralized organizations, and have no doubt that the hybrid
format will meet all of Sonoco’s
needs.
MGT 600 – Written Rubric
68. Professional (100%) Adequate (80%) Amateur (60%) Poor
(40%)
Content
(25%)
The document's purpose is
clearly stated at the beginning.
Sections are thematically
coherent and accomplish the
intended function; clear
relationship between ideas;
organization fits readers’
needs.
The document's purpose is
reasonably clear.
Organization is evident, but
weak transitions undermine
the structure; occasional
digressions may leave readers
with questions.
Readers may be puzzled at
times regarding document’s
purpose. There are illogical
sections or the organization is
confusing; readers left with
69. numerous questions.
The document's purpose is not
evident. There is no
discernible organization;
thoughts are random and lack
connection; readers have
several, substantial questions.
Evidence/Analysis
(25%)
Arguments clearly supported
by accurate evidence
considered credible by the
audience; sufficient detail
supports points.
Many details support the
argument, but some are not
fully developed or sufficiently
specific; may be missing
relevant evidence or contain
irrelevant evidence.
Some evidence provided, but
data is neither fully explained
or is irrelevant; important
70. evidence missing; contains
inaccuracies.
Little or no data support main
ideas of argument; contains
mostly inaccurate data.
Coherence
(15%)
Paragraphs internally
consistent; transitions between
paragraphs and sections allow
seamless integration of
argument(s); variations (e.g.,
bullet points) are used
appropriately and effectively.
A few paragraphs lack internal
consistency; some transitions
are weak and/or missing;
variations are mostly
appropriate but sometimes
interfere with flow.
Many paragraphs lack internal
consistency; transitions are
weak or nonexistent; variations
do not fit well with text.
71. Main idea in paragraph cannot
be identified; minimal
discernible relationships
among paragraphs. Variations
are unnecessary and detract
from flow and understanding.
Language
(15%)
Sentences flow smoothly, are
structurally correct, and
convey intended meaning;
phrasings are succinct and use
meaningful vocabulary. No
clear grammar, punctuation, or
spelling errors.
A few sentences are awkward,
incorrectly structured, or
wordy. A few grammar,
punctuation, and/or spelling
errors are present.
A significant number of
sentences are awkward,
incorrectly structured, or
excessively wordy. Several
grammar, punctuation, or
72. spelling errors are noticeable.
Many sentences are awkward,
incorrectly structured, or
wordy. Many grammar,
punctuation, or spelling errors
are apparent.
Visual Aids
(10%)
Visual aids are appropriately
positioned, referenced, and
formatted so as to appear
integrated seamlessly with
text; enhances document’s
purpose.
Visual aids are, in general,
positioned, referenced, and
formatted so as to not detract
from the document’s purpose
but improvements could be
made to enhance document’s
purpose.
Visual aids lack appropriate
positioning, referencing, and
formatting; detracts from
document’s purpose.
73. Visual aids are not appropriate
or improperly used; inhibits
document’s purpose.
Design
(10%)
Document employs an
appropriate layout; margins,
white space, font style and
size, headings, etc. are all
integrated flawlessly and
uniformly; enhances
document’s purpose.
Document looks mostly
professional, but some
elements could be more
appealing; margins, etc. are
mostly adequate but may lack
uniformity; neither enhances
nor detracts from the
document’s purpose.
Document strives for
professionalism but falls short
with many elements; margins,
etc. are inconsistent; detracts
74. from document’s purpose.
Document does not appear
professionally written; margins,
etc. are haphazard and
inappropriate; inhibits
document’s purpose.
CASE BRIEFS CHECKLIST
Read “Guide to Case Analysis” before reading this document to
get an idea of the goals of case
analysis. The descriptions of the sections in that document are
more informative while the
details in this document are complementary to that discussion
and more technical (i.e., specific
tips to support your learning curve). My strongest
recommendation is that this document be used
as a checklist. When your team has finished creating a
particular brief, go through each item,
especially those that are noted under specific sections (e.g.,
situation overview, etc.) and ensure
each aspect has been met.
General Comments:
1. Approach briefs as though you are part of a team of
consultants who have been
contracted to investigate an organizational problem. In doing
this, you will want to
provide your client a discussion where they can see you have
thoroughly investigated the
75. issues and that your recommendations are objectively supported,
logically sound, and
consistent with the client’s organizational objectives.
2. Do not use contractions.
3. Third-person speech should be your default.
4. Insert page numbers.
5. Double-spacing between lines within the same paragraph is
not necessary. You are
writing reports instead of research papers.
6. A reference or works cited list is not usually needed.
However, should you use
information from a source other than your head(s), the case, or
the material posted on Bb,
cite and reference those materials.
7. A Table of Contents and/or Table of Tables is not usually
necessary unless your
document is very long (and it probably will not be).
8. Work with your classmates, colleagues, family, etc. in
generating alternatives and
refining ideas. Real life problems are not solved in isolation, so
there is no need to take
that approach here. Teams are responsible for their own work
but discussing ideas across
teams and options is a robust practice.
9. You are engaged in a scientific exercise, so the importance of
details and precision can
never be understated. Make them count.
10. Realize each section must be built on the foundation of
previous sections and subsequent
76. sections are only as strong as those that precede them. I
recommend writing each section
in sequence and integrating them using similar language.
11. Expect to revise each brief several times. Professional
documents are never complete
with only a rough draft – revise until the job is finished.
12. Compare and contrast when appropriate; many aspects of
organizational issues are
relative, so providing a referent point (e.g., context, other
issues, mission/vision, strategic
objectives, etc.) can greatly support your points, and, as a
result, reader understanding.
13. Writing matters, and I commit to reading every word that
you write. Therefore, given
that you are graduate students working in teams with other
graduate students, I expect a
pristinely perfect document in this regard. Any errors in
punctuation, spelling, grammar,
type-o’s, etc. will be considered egregious and penalized
accordingly. I strongly
encourage the use of Grammarly or a similar service to assist
you in this effort.
Section-relevant Tips
With the exception of the Executive Summary, you will notice
the “Guide to Case Analysis”
document provides an overview of each section referenced
below. While you do have some
flexibility in writing your case briefs, I fully expect that, at a
77. minimum, you will have use these
four sections/headings and each point below them will be
diligently addressed. Freely use sub-
headings as necessary.
Executive Summary:
1. Write this last.
2. Depending on the nature of the project, Executive Summaries
can sometimes span
several pages. However, given relative “small” problems you
will be discussing this
term, two-three paragraphs succinctly written paragraphs will
be sufficient.
Situation Overview & Problem Identification:
1. Be sure to provide sufficient but not excessive context to
frame the problem. It might be
useful to think, “Have I provided the information necessary to
understand the individual,
group, and structural determinants of behavior as they relate to
this case?” Be sure that
you do not simply cut and paste material already written in the
case. You must only
include the relevant portions.
2. Clearly state the problem(s) in a way that is easy to find and
see; do not just embed it in a
paragraph. One approach I use is to have someone scan the
document. If they cannot tell
me the problem I am attempting to address (in a general sense –
78. remember that they only
scanned it), then I revise this section.
Analysis & Evaluation:
1. The goals in this section are three-fold: (1) produce a list of
possible alternatives that may
address the problem; (2) introduce and justify the criteria
through which you will
evaluate your alternatives; (3) and review the alternatives
produced in Part 1 using the
criteria justified in Part 2.
a. First, identify potential alternatives to addressing the
problem.
i. Potential alternatives should be exhaustive and, collectively,
may very
well incorporate factors across all levels of the organization
(i.e.,
individual, group, & structural).
ii. Use lists or other formatting approaches to clearly highlight
potential
options.
b. Second, identify the criteria by which you will
judge/evaluate/assess your
alternatives.
i. The criteria list needs to be comprehensive, and it may be
necessary/advantageous to assign relative weights to each
criterion
according to its importance to the organization.