1) In 1953 the structure of arganisms: Was determined, as well as is role as the hereditary material for various a) Amino acids (b) DNA c) Protein d) Carbotydrates e) Lipids 2) Which of the following individuals are credited with the discovery of the itnucture of DNA? a) Jumes Watson and Arthur Komberg b) Francis Crick and Arthur Komberg s) Paul Erlich and James Watson (d) James Watson and Francis Crick e) Francis Crick and Paul Erlich 3) Which of the following is not a nitrogenous base found in DNA? a) Cytosine b) Adenine c) Guanine (c) Uracit D) Thymine 4) Different forms of the same gene are known as: a) Peptides b) Amino acids c) Proteina (d) Alleles e) Ciene differencen 5) Nucleic acids are composed of a series of a) Amino acids 4 (6) Nucleotides c) Nucleic chromosomes e d) Peptide chains x e) Sugars & 6) Which of the following correctly describes the structure of DNA as deternined in 1953? 1. A phosphate backbone with sugars linked together by nitrogenous base bonds. IX 2. A nugar-phosphate backbone with nitrogenous bases linked together by weak bonds t3. A nitrogenous base backcoone wite nuevars linked together by phodphate bonds. c) 37 it ean direct the function and behtvior of an orgaikm 8) By analycing patiernt of haheritance, geneticists can localize genes to specific cliromosomies and a) Chrothes localize genes to specilio positions within chectiose genes to specifie caromes. Thits is known as: (b) Chromosome counting b) Chiromosome mopping d) Cenome and positioning. e) Proteone analy ans 9) The collection of DNA molecules that is eherticteristie of an orginism is known as itst a) Allelic makeup b) Genome.) c) Phenotype d) DNa array. c) None of these 10) Which of the following beur describes the flow of informetion in a blological system? De Proin 11) The longent phase during the evkaryotic celi eycle generaily is: i) Gi b) G2 d) M - e) none of these 12) When a prokaryotic cell reproduces by mitosis, mhat as the end tesult? (a) produces genetically identical daughter celis b) prodaces haploid oftispring c) results in gametes for fartilizition d) none of these c) all of these 13) Which of the follosing is a method fos analyzing a eross involving fwo genes? a) Purinctt Square Method b) Forked-t ine Method c) Probability Metbod (d) All of the above o) None of the altave14) Identify the cancet iaryopge of an individal wht Turner Syndeome and the chromoaemal canes of the a) 450, barkI gene duplicafioe b) 47XX. CFIR genc aptication B 4.45KO, not-disyunctioa at melosis. d) 46XY, point mutatbon at MBI. 2 pene , o) 45XO, low penetrance of UCCL gene 15) In atgal and plact ceils, entrig can be produced in: (a) mitochondris and chloroplsats b) mitocberdtria c) chromosomes d) Eibosones e) endoplasmie retseulum 16) Which of the following struchures would you not espect to see in zal eukaryotic ocils? a) lipid membranes. b) miscihondris (9) chloreplats d) membeane bound organelles e) all of these are found in all cukaryotic cells 17) Why was Men.