MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. In science, a hypothesis must be A) a known fact B) testable C) derived from a theory D) able to be proven absolutely true 2. Which of the following includes all the others? A) population B) cell C) organism D) atom 3. A sodium atom has 11 protons, 12 neutrons, and 11 electrons. The atomic number of sodium isA) 11 B) 12 C) 23 D) 34 4. If you place the probe of a pH meter in an unknown liquid and it reads pH 10, the liquid is A) an acid B) neutral C) a base 5. A carbon atom of mass number 12 and a carbon atom of mass number 14 are A) covalent B) compounds C) isotopes D) ions 6. This polysaccharide forms fibers that are a major component of plant cell walls: A) glucose B) starch C) cellulose D) glycogen 7. Glycerol is a building block of A) starch B) enzymes C) vegetable oil D) DNA 8. Which of these types of molecules contain nitrogen? A) polysaccharides B) phospholipids C) proteins 9. Prokaryotic cells, with no nucleus or membranous organelles, are found in A) animals B) bacteria C) fungi D) plants 10. The main function of a ribosome is to A) extract energy from glucose B) synthesize glucose C) store food in the form of fat D) synthesize proteins 11. Mitochondria A) package proteins for secretion from cell B) contain chromosomes C) are sites of oxidation of glucose to generate ATP D) synthesize proteins 12. The plasma membrane consists of A) a single layer of phospholipid molecules B) a double layer of phospholipid molecules in which proteins are embedded C) several layers of protein and carbohydrate molecules D) a triple layer of phospholipids and carbohydrates 13. The movement of molecules from a region of low concentration across a membrane to a region of high concentration by use of ATP energy is A) active transport B)diffusion C) passive transport D) osmosis 14. The oxygen in our atmosphere is produced by A) greenhouse effect B) cellular respiration C) photosynthesis D) volcanic eruptions 15. Yeast cells break down glucose anaerobically into A) ethanol and CO2 B) lactic acid and CO2 C) lactic acid and H2O D) ethanol and H2O 16. The net energy gain from complete cellular respiration is A) 2 ATP B) 4 ATP C) 8 ATP D) 36-38 ATP 17. Carbon dioxide is released in A) the light-dependent phase of photosynthesis B) the Krebs cycle C) glycolysis D) the Calvin cycle 18. If the concentration of glucose in the water outside of a cell is higher than the concentration inside, A) water will tend to enter the cell by osmosisB) water will tend to leave the cell by osmosis C) glucose will tend to enter the cell by osmosis D) glucose will tend to leave the cell by osmosis 19. What happens if a red blood cell is placed in a hypotonic solution? A) the cel.

1. MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. In science, a hypothesis must be
A) a known fact B) testable C) derived from a theory D)
able to be proven absolutely true
2. Which of the following includes all the others?
A) population B) cell C) organism D) atom
3. A sodium atom has 11 protons, 12 neutrons, and 11 electrons.
The atomic number of
sodium isA) 11 B) 12 C) 23 D) 34
4. If you place the probe of a pH meter in an unknown liquid
and it reads
pH 10, the liquid is A) an acid B) neutral C) a base
5. A carbon atom of mass number 12 and a carbon atom of
mass number 14 are
A) covalent B) compounds C) isotopes D) ions
6. This polysaccharide forms fibers that are a major component
of plant cell walls:
A) glucose B) starch C) cellulose D) glycogen
7. Glycerol is a building block of A) starch B) enzymes C)
vegetable oil D) DNA
8. Which of these types of molecules contain nitrogen?
A) polysaccharides B) phospholipids C) proteins
9. Prokaryotic cells, with no nucleus or membranous
organelles, are found in
A) animals B) bacteria C) fungi D) plants

2. 10. The main function of a ribosome is to
A) extract energy from glucose B) synthesize glucose
C) store food in the form of fat
D) synthesize proteins
11. Mitochondria
A) package proteins for secretion from cell B) contain
chromosomes
C) are sites of oxidation of glucose to generate ATP D)
synthesize proteins
12. The plasma membrane consists of
A) a single layer of phospholipid molecules
B) a double layer of phospholipid molecules in which proteins
are embedded
C) several layers of protein and carbohydrate molecules
D) a triple layer of phospholipids and carbohydrates
13. The movement of molecules from a region of low
concentration across a membrane
to a region of high concentration by use of ATP energy is
A) active transport B)diffusion C) passive transport
D) osmosis
14. The oxygen in our atmosphere is produced by
A) greenhouse effect B) cellular respiration C)
photosynthesis D) volcanic eruptions
15. Yeast cells break down glucose anaerobically into
A) ethanol and CO2 B) lactic acid and CO2
C) lactic acid and H2O D) ethanol and H2O
16. The net energy gain from complete cellular respiration is
A) 2 ATP B) 4 ATP C) 8 ATP D) 36-38 ATP

3. 17. Carbon dioxide is released in A) the light-dependent phase
of photosynthesis
B) the Krebs cycle C) glycolysis D) the Calvin cycle
18. If the concentration of glucose in the water outside of a cell
is higher than the
concentration inside,
A) water will tend to enter the cell by osmosisB) water will tend
to leave the cell by osmosis C) glucose will tend to enter the
cell by osmosis D) glucose will tend to leave the cell by
osmosis
19. What happens if a red blood cell is placed in a hypotonic
solution?
A) the cell will shrink B) the cell will swell and may burst
C) the cell will remain the same size
20. Which of the following is not a characteristic of enzymes?
A) they are proteins B) they speed up the rate of chemical
reactions C) they act on specific substances called substrates
D) they are used up in each reaction, thus need to be produced
in large quantities
21. Which of these does not have to be present for
photosynthesis to occur?
A) water B) carbon dioxide C) glucose D) chlorophyll
22. Each new cell produced by this process will have an
identical copy of all
chromosomes and genes possessed by the parent cell: A)
mitosis B) meiosis
23. During the first division of meiosis,
A) chromosomes separate at the centromere B) homologous
chromosomes separate

4. C) chromosomes become triploid
24. The number of chromosomes in a human sperm cell is A)
4 B) 8 C) 23 D) 46
25. In the notation A = normal, a = albino, the genotype Aa
describes
A) heterozygous B) homozygous dominant C) homozygous
recessive
26. If two normal parents have an albino child, the genotypes
of the parents are
A) AA x Aa B) Aa x Aa C) Aa x aa D) aa x aa
27. A father with genotype IAIA and mother with phenotype O
would produce children
with blood type: A) A B) B C) AB D) O
28. A change in DNA base sequence from CATAC to CACAC
would describe
A) translation B) replication C) transcription D) mutation
29. Which of these processes does not occur in the nucleus?
A) DNA replication B) transcription C) translation
30. tRNA molecules contain anticodons and carry amino acids
to be used in this process:
A) mutation B) DNA replication C) transcription D)
translation
31. Exchange of genes between maternal and paternal
chromosomes before the first
division of meiosis is caused by
A) X-linkage B) crossing over C) replication D)
cytokinesis
32. Which is not a subunit of DNA? A) adenine B) guanine

5. C) uracil D) phosphate
33. A karyotype of an individual with Down syndrome has how
many chromosomes?
A) 3 B) 23 C) 46 D) 47
34. If a heterozygous male mates with an albino female, what
percentage of albino
children would be expected? A) 0% B) 25% C) 50%
D) 75% E) 100%
35. A father with genotype IAIB and mother with phenotype O
could produce children
with these blood types: A) AB only B) A and B only C)
A, B, and AB only
D) A, B, AB, and O
36. During DNA replication, an old DNA strand with base
sequence ATCTGAGTA
would serve as a template to form a new complementary strand
with the base sequence:
A) TAGACTCATB) ATCTGAGTA C) AUCUCUGUA
37. In peas, tall (T) is dominant to dwarf (t) and, on a separate
chromosome set, purple
flower (P) is dominant to white flower (p). If Gregor Mendel
crosses the genotypes TtPp
and ttPp, what is the expected ratio of phenotypes in the
offspring?
A) 9/16 tall purple flowered, 3/16 tall white, 3/16 dwarf purple,
1/16 dwarf white
B) 3/8 tall purple flowered, 1/8 tall white, 3/8 dwarf purple, 1/8
dwarf white
C) 1/4 tall purple flowered, 1/4 tall white, 1/4 dwarf purple, 1/4
dwarf white
D) 3/4 tall purple flowered, 1/4 dwarf white

6. 38. Queen Victoria's son Leopold had hemophilia, which is
caused by a sex-linked
recessive gene (Xh). Leopold lived to be 31 years old and
fathered a normal daughter.
What is the genotype of his daughter?
A) XHXH B) XHXh C) XhXh D) XHY
39. Microevolution by genetic drift is more likely in
A) large populations B) small populations
40. New alleles appear in a species by A) genetic drift B)
mutation
C) gene flow D) natural selection
41. Speciation is most likely when a huge continental
population of a snail species
A) undergoes genetic drift B) is forced north by global
warming
C) is divided in two over the eons by the rise of a mountain
range
42. The insect wing, bat wing, and bird wing are
A) analogous structuresB) homologous structures
43. Groups of organisms that interbreed in nature and are
reproductively isolated from
other such groups defines
A) communities B) hybrids C) families D) species
44. Certain species of ants protect, and receive food from,
certain species of acacia trees
in the tropics. This exemplifies A) predation B) mutualism
C) competition
45. The most important cause of species extinction due to

7. humans in recent centuries is
A) disease B) global warming C) genetic engineering D)
habitat loss
46. Logistic population growth will level off at a number of
organisms that are
A) ten times the number in the original population B) the
exponential line
C) equal to the number of niches D) the carrying
capacity K of the environment
47. If the decomposers were removed from an ecosystem, the
other organisms would
eventually die because A) green plants would run out of
necessary minerals in the
soil B) green plants would lose their energy source C)
herbivores must eat
decomposers D) decomposers release oxygen needed by the
other organisms
48. The source of energy for an ecosystem is
A) nutrients in the soil B) water C) sunlight D) recycled
energy from decomposers
49. Fungi are primarily A) producers B) herbivores C)
carnivores D) decomposers
50. If deer are placed on an island with a constant, renewable
food supply and a stable biological
community with predators, the growth curve after several
decades would be described as a
A) J-curve [exponential] B) S-curve [logistic]
MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS – 2 POINTS EACH – 14
POINTS TOTAL: On the answer sheet, indicate the letter that
represents the best answer to the questions below.

8. 51. Fats contain more energy per gram than carbohydrates or
proteins because
A) fat molecules contain a lower percentage of oxygen atoms
B) fat molecules contain a lower percentage of hydrogen atoms
C) fat molecules contain a lower percentage of carbon atoms
D) fat molecules contain a higher percentage of adipose atoms
52. John has type A blood. John's father has type O blood.
Mary has type B blood. Mary's mother is type A. The possible
blood types of John and Mary's daughters are
A) AB only B) A or AB only C) B or AB only D) A, B, AB
or O
53. Colorblindness (Xb) is X-linked and recessive. Blondie is
normal, and not a carrier,
but her husband Dagwood is colorblind. If their daughter
Cookie marries a normal
man, what phenotypes can Cookie expect in her sons?
A) all normal B) 1/2 colorblind, 1/2 normal C) all
colorblind
54. Professor Hotsun is studying a desert ecosystem containing
fig trees, fig-eating rats, rat-
eating snakes, and snake-eating lizards. Which organism in this
food chain is considered the producer?
A) fig trees
B) rat-eating snakes
C) snake-eating lizards
D) fig-eating rats.
55. If the fig trees in Question #54 produce one million kcal of
energy, about how much energy would be contained in the
population of snake-eating lizards?
A) 100,000 kcal
B) 50,000 kcal
C) 10,000 kcal

9. D) 1000 kcal
Here is a list of mRNA codons and their amino acids. Use this
information to answer #56 and #57:
AAU - asparagineAUC - isoleucine CAA - glutamineCAU -
histidine
CGU - arginineCUU - leucineGAA - glutamateGAU - aspartate
GCA - alanineGGC - glycineUGU - cysteine
56. The sequence of amino acids of Arginine-Alanine-Leucine
would be coded by this
sequence of bases on mRNA : A) GAAGCAGGC B)
GUGCACAA
C) GCACGTGAA D) CGUGCACUU
57. A sequence of bases on a DNA strand of CTACTTCGT
would code for this amino
acid sequence:
A) Leucine-Asparagine-Alanine B) Aspartate-
Glutamate-Alanine
C) Glutamine-Cysteine- Histidine D) Leucine-Glutamate-
Histidine
ESSAY QUESTIONS - Each answer is worth 10 points. Be
concise. The full number of points will be awarded for correct
and thorough answers. Partial credit will be awarded for less
than complete answers, so it is to your advantage to attempt an
answer.
1. Your biology class is performing an osmosis experiment. You
are given three identical stalks of celery and three salt solutions
of varying solute amounts. The data table below compares the
solute amount of the celery stalks to the solutions.
Solute Amount of the

10. Solution
Water Amount of the