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1. Compare and contrast Strategic and Tactical Analysis and its application to street crimes such as robbery and property crimes such as burglary. In your opinion is one more suited in addressing criminal behavior? 2. What is CPTED? Please elaborate on how CPTED may be an effective means to reduce a criminals Modus operandi? Provide an example. We first must define what both tactical and strategic analysis and the differences between the two. Tactical analysis, the study of recent criminal incidents and potential criminal activity by examining characteristics such as how, when, and where the activity has occurred to assist in problem solving by developing patterns and trends, identifying investigative leads/suspects, and clearing cases (Boba, 2001). Strategic analysis is the study of crime and law enforcement information integrated with socio-demographic and spatial factors to determine long term “patterns” of activity, to assist in problem solving, as well as to research and evaluate responses and procedures (Boba, 2001). Both of these analysis applications can be used to solve past crimes and prevent future one. The specific question was which type of analysis would be more suited for criminal behavior such as robbery and property crimes? I respond to this discussion question in 250 words .
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1. Compare and contrast Strategic and Tactical Analysis and its .docx
1. Compare and contrast Strategic and Tactical Analysis and its application to street crimes such as robbery and property crimes such as burglary. In your opinion is one more suited in addressing criminal behavior?
Strategic analysis involves the analysis over the long-term, whereas tactical analysis involves analysis in a more direct manner. Each has analysis scheme has their uses in addressing criminal behavior. To use an example with drug activity strategic analysis would be better suited to understanding who could be the future customers of drug dealers, where are possible locations that could facilitate such deals, and helping law-enforcement and community leaders come up with measures to combat drug sales. However, the tactical analysis would focus more on finding out where the current supply of drugs is coming in from, who the leader(s) is(are), and cracking down on local dealers. While there is overlap between the two, I believe that tactical analysis is the best when addressing criminal behavior, because of the more immediate results that it provides.
2. What is CPTED? Please elaborate on how CPTED may be an effective means to reduce a criminals Modus operandi? Provide an example.
CPTED is an acronym that stands for crime prevention through environmental design which is “The proper design and effective use of the built environment can lead to a reduction in the fear and incidence of crime, and an improvement in the quality of life” (Cozens, Saville, & Hillier, 2005). This means that CPTED is all of the passive defenses that the environment provides law-abiding citizens against criminally minded individuals. These defenses can be broken down into six different aspects that work together to create CPTED they are: territoriality, surveillance, access control, target hardening, image/maintenance, and active support (Cozens, Saville, & Hillier, 2005). All of these aspects work together to decrease crime in the area.
respond to this discussion question in 250 words
.
Discussion 1In Chapter 7 of Crime Prevention, Robinson states th.docx
Discussion 1
In Chapter 7 of Crime Prevention, Robinson states that "Rational choice and deterrence theories are two related theories that help understand why criminal justice – including crime control and crime prevention activities of police, courts, and corrections – should help us reduce crime in society" (2012). Answer one of the following questions:
THIS ASSIGNMENT HAS ALREADY BEEN DONE ABOVE. THE NEXT ASSIGNMENT YOU NEED TO DO IS PROVIDE FEEDBACK ON TWO CLASSMATES POSTS. THE LENGTH MUST BE 200 WORDS EACH POST. THERE ARE TWO FEEDBACKS YOU MUST DO. MUST BE POSITIVE FEEDBACK, PROPER GRAMMAR/SENTENCE STRUCTURE, AND ANY OUTSIDE SOURCES YOU USE THAT RELATES TO THE FEEBACK FROM THE STUDENT MUST BE PROPERLY CITED/SCHOLARY SOURCE.
Respond to at least two of your classmates’ posts.
Robinson discusses many theories in Chapters 3 through 7. Some of these theories are: Biological Theories, Psychological Theories, Integrated Theories, Social Learning Theories, Social Control Theories, Routine Activity Theories, Crime Pattern Theories, Anomie Theories, Strain Theories, Institutional Anomie Theories, Contextual anomie and strain theories, Cultural deviance or subcultural theories.
Select a theory other than rational choice or deterrence theories, and compare and/or contrast it to the post of your classmates’ and/or your instructor.
Does one of these theories clarify your understanding of the crime or criminal issue you intend to examine in your Final Project?
DISCUSSION RESPONSE FROM STUDENT ONE JAYMES W.
Rational choice theories are among the fastest growing theories in social science today. Many sociologists and political scientists defend the claim that rational choice theory can provide the basis for a unified and comprehensive theory of social behavior. What distinguishes rational choice theory from other forms of theory is that it denies the existence of any kinds of action other than the purely rational and calculative. All social action can be seen as rationally motivated, as instrumental action, however much of it may appear to be irrational or non-rational.
General deterrence strategies focus on future behaviors, preventing individuals from engaging in crime or deviant by impacting their rational decision making process. Specific deterrence focuses on punishing known deviants in order to prevent them from ever again violating the specific norms they have broken. Through the rational use of punishment as a negative sanction, problematic behavior can be cut down dramatically. Some examples are: shock sentencing, corporal punishment, mandatory arrests for certain behaviors.
Specific deterrence strategies, focuses on punishing known deviants in order to prevent them from ever again violating the specific norms they have broken. The concern here is that motives and rationales that lie behind the original behavior can, perhaps, never be delineated, but through the rational use of punishment as a negative sanction, problematic beh.
01-INTRO-TO-CRIMINOLOGY-final.docx
This document outlines the intended learning outcomes and course content for an Introduction to Criminology course. The course aims to provide students with a basic understanding of criminology theory, crime causation, and the criminal justice system.
Over 3 credit units, the course will cover topics like the historical evolution of criminology, different criminological theories, measuring crime, victims and offenders, punishment and rehabilitation. Students will learn about the nature and scope of criminology, branches of criminology like sociology of law, etiology of crimes, and victimology. The course also examines the relationship between criminology and the criminal justice system.
Assessments include paper and pencil tests, case studies, and research assignments. Students are
Crime and deviance_revision_guide
The document outlines different sociological theories of crime and deviance. It discusses functionalist theories including Durkheim's ideas about crime serving both functional and dysfunctional purposes for society. It also discusses Merton's strain theory and how it explains crime as a response to blocked opportunities. The document then discusses subcultural theories proposed by Cohen, Cloward and Ohlin which see crime emerging from working class youths' frustration with blocked opportunities and their adoption of delinquent subcultural norms as an alternative way to gain status.
06 analysis of crime
Crime analysis involves the systematic study of crime and disorder problems using qualitative and quantitative data. It examines sociodemographic, spatial, and temporal factors to assist police in apprehension, reduction, prevention, and evaluation. Crime analysis developed from early uses of pin maps and began professionalizing in the 1980s. It includes administrative, investigative, tactical, and strategic types. Ratcliffe's Hotspot Matrix examines crime concentrations spatially as dispersed, clustered, or a hotpoint and temporally as diffused, focused, or acute to determine appropriate police tactics. Strategic crime analysis uses tactical analysis to identify long-term community problems and generate innovative solutions in partnership with community policing.
ISSUES
ISSUES 2
3-2 Milestone One: Submit Selection of Contemporary Criminal Justice Issue
Destiny Nance
ISSUES 2
Southern New Hampshire University
In every other nation, the criminal justice system plays a very huge role in delivering justice and punishing those who break the law. However, all around the globe, there are several issues that almost every other justice system is struggling to deal with. One of the most common issues that are being dealt with is the issue of inordinate/ excessive use of force by law enforcement. In the least technical terms possible, the use of excessive force can be defined as the use of too much force by the police when dealing with people. In most cases, the use of this excess force may end up harming the same people that the police forces are initially supposed to protect. Even though police forces are punishable by the courts of law for use of excessive force, the issue remains one of the major issues that affect the criminal system to date. (Hargreaves‐Heap, 2002).
In the modern day, people tend to think that excessive use of force by police officers is an issue of the past and one that no one should talk about. However, this is not all true as discrimination has not ended but has only evolved. In the old days, policemen mainly used excessive force on people of color or even slaves who at that time did not have rights that could make the officers be punished for doing this. However, in the modern days, the issue has evolved all over the globe, there have been cases where policemen have used excessive force on their subjects regardless of their color. One of the things that have made the issue keep changing is the advancement of technology where police officers are expected to wear body cams that will monitor all their actions while on duty. different amendments that have been made to the constitution with the main aim of empowering people of color.
For quite some time now, people have been fighting against the use of excessive force. However, I believe that recently there might have been a breakthrough all because of technology. technology has changed people's perspectives especially by showing them how brutal police officers can be when they use excessive force. For instance, in the year 2020, a man named George Floyd was murdered by a police officer due to the use of excessive force. The video of the incident went viral and people came together to protest against the issue. This was one of the biggest protests where people protested together regardless of their color, culture, and even location (Hutson, 2009).
References
Ajilore, O., & Shirey, S. (2017). Do# AllLivesMatter? An evaluation of race and exc ...
CJ 500 Criminal Justice Library Tips Shapiro Librar.docx
CJ 500 Criminal Justice Library Tips
Shapiro Library
Shapiro Library Graduate Tutorial
A–Z Database List
o Search by subject. Search term examples:
Law
Justice Studies
Research Guides
o Sometimes there is a guide for a specific topic/discipline.
o Criminal Justice Research Guide
o Google Like a Librarian
o Graduate Student Research Guide
Periodical Finder/ Electronic Journals
o Search by title (“begins with” or “contains”).
o Browse by subject (“law, politics, and government”).
o ProQuest Criminal Justice
o LexisNexis Academic
In this discipline, you will need to cite your sources in APA style. Refer to the following for information on using APA
style:
APA Style Guide
Purdue Online Writing Lab
How do I cite sources in APA style?
http://libguides.snhu.edu/home
http://libguides.snhu.edu/c.php?g=179004
http://ezproxy.snhu.edu/login?url=http://libguides.snhu.edu/az.php?s=21994
http://ezproxy.snhu.edu/login?url=http://libguides.snhu.edu/az.php?s=21987
http://ezproxy.snhu.edu/login?url=http://libguides.snhu.edu/criminal_justice
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http://ezproxy.snhu.edu/login?url=http://libguides.snhu.edu/c.php?g=179004
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http://ezproxy.snhu.edu/login?url=http://libanswers.snhu.edu/faq/8616
CJ 500 Final Project Guidelines and Rubric
Overview
For your final project, you will analyze a contemporary issue in criminal justice and provide an evidence-based recommendation to address the issue, selecting an
issue of interest on which to focus your brief. You will analyze how the issue has evolved, apply criminological theories to identify causes of the issue, assess the
impact of the issue on the community, and propose strategies to address the issue.
Professionals in the field of criminal justice are often faced with making difficult decisions related to critical issues in their field. Those that are able to effectively
take action to address these issues are seen as leaders in the field. To effectively form conclusions and recommend appropriate action, it is essential that
professionals first analyze the background of the issue. Professionals must understand the history of the is.
Pulling Levers PolicingADVOCATEIntroductionOrigi.docx
Pulling Levers Policing
ADVOCATE
Introduction
Origins of “pulling levers”
1990s - Boston Gun Project
Policing intervention that combines
Traditional tactics with a strategic focus
Also, incorporates new tools
= strategy that appears both OLD and NEW
More importantly, pulling lever strategies have worked in many jurisdictions
Addressed serious crime problems
Innovative Strategy?
David Kennedy’s Argument:
Pulling Levers Framework
Empirical Evidence
Role of Officer Knowledge
Role of Deterrence
Role of Groups/Networks
Role of Traditional Enforcement
Role of Communication
Limitations
Pulling Levers
Pulling levers strategies (focused deterrence) seek to create a powerful deterrent to
Particular behavior by particular offenders
Deterrence is formed through the deployment of
Basic framework for Pulling Levers:
Specific identification of problem
Interagency enforcement group
Analysis of problem
Intervention
Joint response
Direct communication
Empirical Evidence
Available evaluations and site experience suggest strong effects on crime problems
Evaluations of Boston and Indianapolis
Pulling Levers strategy have some external validity
Basic PL framework successful on various gang structures
E.g., Neighborhood-based groups (Boston and Cincinnati), structured gangs (Chicago, Minneapolis, and Indianapolis), and West cost gangs (Stockton and Los Angeles)
However, the external validity of PL strategies are questionable with respect to the following:
Sustainability of intervention has failed in some cities/jurisdictions
E.g., Baltimore and San Francisco
Other crime problems
Less experience in using PL to tackle other crime problems
Has been used to address
Gang violence (gun assaults and gun homicides)
Drug dealing and drug markets
Domestic violence
Role of Officer Knowledge
Pulling Levers strategies are based on what law enforcement know
Officer knowledge is driven by experience
Chronic problems
People
Places
Street life
Role of Officer Knowledge
Value of frontline knowledge
Qualitative research can draw information out that is crucial to pulling levers strategies
How so???
Role of Deterrence
Pulling Levers strategies are deterrence strategies
Many CJ practitioners are skeptical of deterrence
Why???
Pulling Levers strategies seek to rehab basic deterrence
Focus on chronic offenders
Result = Changing offenders’ behavior without necessarily sending them to jail/prison
Role of Groups and Networks
Pulling levers strategies have focused on groups and networks
Why???
Groups of offenders (small % of population) are responsible for most homicides and other serious crimes
Groups and networks have received little attention from law enforcement
Why???
Legal definition
Variation in knowledge
Pulling Levers strategies can target and affect groups
Conspiracy case/RICO
Drug buys from each member
Identification and monitoring
Analysis of group codes and norms
Role of Traditional Enforcement
Law enforcement prefe ...
Recommended
1. Compare and contrast Strategic and Tactical Analysis and its .docx
1. Compare and contrast Strategic and Tactical Analysis and its application to street crimes such as robbery and property crimes such as burglary. In your opinion is one more suited in addressing criminal behavior?
Strategic analysis involves the analysis over the long-term, whereas tactical analysis involves analysis in a more direct manner. Each has analysis scheme has their uses in addressing criminal behavior. To use an example with drug activity strategic analysis would be better suited to understanding who could be the future customers of drug dealers, where are possible locations that could facilitate such deals, and helping law-enforcement and community leaders come up with measures to combat drug sales. However, the tactical analysis would focus more on finding out where the current supply of drugs is coming in from, who the leader(s) is(are), and cracking down on local dealers. While there is overlap between the two, I believe that tactical analysis is the best when addressing criminal behavior, because of the more immediate results that it provides.
2. What is CPTED? Please elaborate on how CPTED may be an effective means to reduce a criminals Modus operandi? Provide an example.
CPTED is an acronym that stands for crime prevention through environmental design which is “The proper design and effective use of the built environment can lead to a reduction in the fear and incidence of crime, and an improvement in the quality of life” (Cozens, Saville, & Hillier, 2005). This means that CPTED is all of the passive defenses that the environment provides law-abiding citizens against criminally minded individuals. These defenses can be broken down into six different aspects that work together to create CPTED they are: territoriality, surveillance, access control, target hardening, image/maintenance, and active support (Cozens, Saville, & Hillier, 2005). All of these aspects work together to decrease crime in the area.
respond to this discussion question in 250 words
.
Discussion 1In Chapter 7 of Crime Prevention, Robinson states th.docx
Discussion 1
In Chapter 7 of Crime Prevention, Robinson states that "Rational choice and deterrence theories are two related theories that help understand why criminal justice – including crime control and crime prevention activities of police, courts, and corrections – should help us reduce crime in society" (2012). Answer one of the following questions:
THIS ASSIGNMENT HAS ALREADY BEEN DONE ABOVE. THE NEXT ASSIGNMENT YOU NEED TO DO IS PROVIDE FEEDBACK ON TWO CLASSMATES POSTS. THE LENGTH MUST BE 200 WORDS EACH POST. THERE ARE TWO FEEDBACKS YOU MUST DO. MUST BE POSITIVE FEEDBACK, PROPER GRAMMAR/SENTENCE STRUCTURE, AND ANY OUTSIDE SOURCES YOU USE THAT RELATES TO THE FEEBACK FROM THE STUDENT MUST BE PROPERLY CITED/SCHOLARY SOURCE.
Respond to at least two of your classmates’ posts.
Robinson discusses many theories in Chapters 3 through 7. Some of these theories are: Biological Theories, Psychological Theories, Integrated Theories, Social Learning Theories, Social Control Theories, Routine Activity Theories, Crime Pattern Theories, Anomie Theories, Strain Theories, Institutional Anomie Theories, Contextual anomie and strain theories, Cultural deviance or subcultural theories.
Select a theory other than rational choice or deterrence theories, and compare and/or contrast it to the post of your classmates’ and/or your instructor.
Does one of these theories clarify your understanding of the crime or criminal issue you intend to examine in your Final Project?
DISCUSSION RESPONSE FROM STUDENT ONE JAYMES W.
Rational choice theories are among the fastest growing theories in social science today. Many sociologists and political scientists defend the claim that rational choice theory can provide the basis for a unified and comprehensive theory of social behavior. What distinguishes rational choice theory from other forms of theory is that it denies the existence of any kinds of action other than the purely rational and calculative. All social action can be seen as rationally motivated, as instrumental action, however much of it may appear to be irrational or non-rational.
General deterrence strategies focus on future behaviors, preventing individuals from engaging in crime or deviant by impacting their rational decision making process. Specific deterrence focuses on punishing known deviants in order to prevent them from ever again violating the specific norms they have broken. Through the rational use of punishment as a negative sanction, problematic behavior can be cut down dramatically. Some examples are: shock sentencing, corporal punishment, mandatory arrests for certain behaviors.
Specific deterrence strategies, focuses on punishing known deviants in order to prevent them from ever again violating the specific norms they have broken. The concern here is that motives and rationales that lie behind the original behavior can, perhaps, never be delineated, but through the rational use of punishment as a negative sanction, problematic beh.
01-INTRO-TO-CRIMINOLOGY-final.docx
This document outlines the intended learning outcomes and course content for an Introduction to Criminology course. The course aims to provide students with a basic understanding of criminology theory, crime causation, and the criminal justice system.
Over 3 credit units, the course will cover topics like the historical evolution of criminology, different criminological theories, measuring crime, victims and offenders, punishment and rehabilitation. Students will learn about the nature and scope of criminology, branches of criminology like sociology of law, etiology of crimes, and victimology. The course also examines the relationship between criminology and the criminal justice system.
Assessments include paper and pencil tests, case studies, and research assignments. Students are
Crime and deviance_revision_guide
The document outlines different sociological theories of crime and deviance. It discusses functionalist theories including Durkheim's ideas about crime serving both functional and dysfunctional purposes for society. It also discusses Merton's strain theory and how it explains crime as a response to blocked opportunities. The document then discusses subcultural theories proposed by Cohen, Cloward and Ohlin which see crime emerging from working class youths' frustration with blocked opportunities and their adoption of delinquent subcultural norms as an alternative way to gain status.
06 analysis of crime
Crime analysis involves the systematic study of crime and disorder problems using qualitative and quantitative data. It examines sociodemographic, spatial, and temporal factors to assist police in apprehension, reduction, prevention, and evaluation. Crime analysis developed from early uses of pin maps and began professionalizing in the 1980s. It includes administrative, investigative, tactical, and strategic types. Ratcliffe's Hotspot Matrix examines crime concentrations spatially as dispersed, clustered, or a hotpoint and temporally as diffused, focused, or acute to determine appropriate police tactics. Strategic crime analysis uses tactical analysis to identify long-term community problems and generate innovative solutions in partnership with community policing.
ISSUES
ISSUES 2
3-2 Milestone One: Submit Selection of Contemporary Criminal Justice Issue
Destiny Nance
ISSUES 2
Southern New Hampshire University
In every other nation, the criminal justice system plays a very huge role in delivering justice and punishing those who break the law. However, all around the globe, there are several issues that almost every other justice system is struggling to deal with. One of the most common issues that are being dealt with is the issue of inordinate/ excessive use of force by law enforcement. In the least technical terms possible, the use of excessive force can be defined as the use of too much force by the police when dealing with people. In most cases, the use of this excess force may end up harming the same people that the police forces are initially supposed to protect. Even though police forces are punishable by the courts of law for use of excessive force, the issue remains one of the major issues that affect the criminal system to date. (Hargreaves‐Heap, 2002).
In the modern day, people tend to think that excessive use of force by police officers is an issue of the past and one that no one should talk about. However, this is not all true as discrimination has not ended but has only evolved. In the old days, policemen mainly used excessive force on people of color or even slaves who at that time did not have rights that could make the officers be punished for doing this. However, in the modern days, the issue has evolved all over the globe, there have been cases where policemen have used excessive force on their subjects regardless of their color. One of the things that have made the issue keep changing is the advancement of technology where police officers are expected to wear body cams that will monitor all their actions while on duty. different amendments that have been made to the constitution with the main aim of empowering people of color.
For quite some time now, people have been fighting against the use of excessive force. However, I believe that recently there might have been a breakthrough all because of technology. technology has changed people's perspectives especially by showing them how brutal police officers can be when they use excessive force. For instance, in the year 2020, a man named George Floyd was murdered by a police officer due to the use of excessive force. The video of the incident went viral and people came together to protest against the issue. This was one of the biggest protests where people protested together regardless of their color, culture, and even location (Hutson, 2009).
References
Ajilore, O., & Shirey, S. (2017). Do# AllLivesMatter? An evaluation of race and exc ...
CJ 500 Criminal Justice Library Tips Shapiro Librar.docx
CJ 500 Criminal Justice Library Tips
Shapiro Library
Shapiro Library Graduate Tutorial
A–Z Database List
o Search by subject. Search term examples:
Law
Justice Studies
Research Guides
o Sometimes there is a guide for a specific topic/discipline.
o Criminal Justice Research Guide
o Google Like a Librarian
o Graduate Student Research Guide
Periodical Finder/ Electronic Journals
o Search by title (“begins with” or “contains”).
o Browse by subject (“law, politics, and government”).
o ProQuest Criminal Justice
o LexisNexis Academic
In this discipline, you will need to cite your sources in APA style. Refer to the following for information on using APA
style:
APA Style Guide
Purdue Online Writing Lab
How do I cite sources in APA style?
http://libguides.snhu.edu/home
http://libguides.snhu.edu/c.php?g=179004
http://ezproxy.snhu.edu/login?url=http://libguides.snhu.edu/az.php?s=21994
http://ezproxy.snhu.edu/login?url=http://libguides.snhu.edu/az.php?s=21987
http://ezproxy.snhu.edu/login?url=http://libguides.snhu.edu/criminal_justice
http://ezproxy.snhu.edu/login?url=http://libguides.snhu.edu/google
http://ezproxy.snhu.edu/login?url=http://libguides.snhu.edu/c.php?g=179004
http://ezproxy.snhu.edu/login?url=http://eds.a.ebscohost.com/eds/search/basic?sid=2531d82e-d5b5-4af3-a79e-1bda84284065%40sessionmgr4010&vid=0&sdb=edspub&tid=3000EP
http://pn8vx3lh2h.search.serialssolutions.com/log?L=PN8VX3LH2H&D=M0O&J=CRIMJUS19&P=EJP&U=http%3A%2F%2Fezproxy.snhu.edu%2Flogin%3Furl%3Dhttp%3A%2F%2Fsearch.proquest.com%2Fpublication%2F35991
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http://ezproxy.snhu.edu/login?url=http://libguides.snhu.edu/apa
https://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/560/01/
http://ezproxy.snhu.edu/login?url=http://libanswers.snhu.edu/faq/8616
CJ 500 Final Project Guidelines and Rubric
Overview
For your final project, you will analyze a contemporary issue in criminal justice and provide an evidence-based recommendation to address the issue, selecting an
issue of interest on which to focus your brief. You will analyze how the issue has evolved, apply criminological theories to identify causes of the issue, assess the
impact of the issue on the community, and propose strategies to address the issue.
Professionals in the field of criminal justice are often faced with making difficult decisions related to critical issues in their field. Those that are able to effectively
take action to address these issues are seen as leaders in the field. To effectively form conclusions and recommend appropriate action, it is essential that
professionals first analyze the background of the issue. Professionals must understand the history of the is.
Pulling Levers PolicingADVOCATEIntroductionOrigi.docx
Pulling Levers Policing
ADVOCATE
Introduction
Origins of “pulling levers”
1990s - Boston Gun Project
Policing intervention that combines
Traditional tactics with a strategic focus
Also, incorporates new tools
= strategy that appears both OLD and NEW
More importantly, pulling lever strategies have worked in many jurisdictions
Addressed serious crime problems
Innovative Strategy?
David Kennedy’s Argument:
Pulling Levers Framework
Empirical Evidence
Role of Officer Knowledge
Role of Deterrence
Role of Groups/Networks
Role of Traditional Enforcement
Role of Communication
Limitations
Pulling Levers
Pulling levers strategies (focused deterrence) seek to create a powerful deterrent to
Particular behavior by particular offenders
Deterrence is formed through the deployment of
Basic framework for Pulling Levers:
Specific identification of problem
Interagency enforcement group
Analysis of problem
Intervention
Joint response
Direct communication
Empirical Evidence
Available evaluations and site experience suggest strong effects on crime problems
Evaluations of Boston and Indianapolis
Pulling Levers strategy have some external validity
Basic PL framework successful on various gang structures
E.g., Neighborhood-based groups (Boston and Cincinnati), structured gangs (Chicago, Minneapolis, and Indianapolis), and West cost gangs (Stockton and Los Angeles)
However, the external validity of PL strategies are questionable with respect to the following:
Sustainability of intervention has failed in some cities/jurisdictions
E.g., Baltimore and San Francisco
Other crime problems
Less experience in using PL to tackle other crime problems
Has been used to address
Gang violence (gun assaults and gun homicides)
Drug dealing and drug markets
Domestic violence
Role of Officer Knowledge
Pulling Levers strategies are based on what law enforcement know
Officer knowledge is driven by experience
Chronic problems
People
Places
Street life
Role of Officer Knowledge
Value of frontline knowledge
Qualitative research can draw information out that is crucial to pulling levers strategies
How so???
Role of Deterrence
Pulling Levers strategies are deterrence strategies
Many CJ practitioners are skeptical of deterrence
Why???
Pulling Levers strategies seek to rehab basic deterrence
Focus on chronic offenders
Result = Changing offenders’ behavior without necessarily sending them to jail/prison
Role of Groups and Networks
Pulling levers strategies have focused on groups and networks
Why???
Groups of offenders (small % of population) are responsible for most homicides and other serious crimes
Groups and networks have received little attention from law enforcement
Why???
Legal definition
Variation in knowledge
Pulling Levers strategies can target and affect groups
Conspiracy case/RICO
Drug buys from each member
Identification and monitoring
Analysis of group codes and norms
Role of Traditional Enforcement
Law enforcement prefe ...
Assignment 2The Basics Behind Effective Police OperationsDue We.docx
Assignment 2:The Basics Behind Effective Police Operations
Due Week 6 and worth 160 points
Write a five (5) page paper in which you:
1. Select at least two (2) types of changes (e.g., public and society, law enforcement officers, police bureaucracy, standards community involvement, technology, etc.), and examine how the selected changes have affected police operations, mission and values, or goals and objectives in the 21st century in the United States. Support your response.
2. Explain the various lines of communications present within any given local law enforcement agency. Next, determine at least two (2) challenges and concerns that law enforcement might encounter with communication and suggest your strategy to mitigate the challenges. Support your response.
3. Examine the importance of police patrol in modern policing.
4. Identify at least two (2) quality of life issues (e.g., panhandlers, prostitution, problems associated with bars and clubs, police interaction with individuals who are mentally ill, homeless people and civil disobedience) that permeate modern law enforcement practices. Propose a response to these issues, based on common practices as outlined in the text, and provide your rationale.
5. Compare and contrast police reactions as they relate to violence in schools, homes, and workplaces. Provide one (1) example of each to support your response.
6. Use at least three (3) quality academic resources as references, such as journal articles, newspapers, magazines, and publications from law enforcement associations. Note: Wikipedia, blogs, and similar websites do not qualify as quality academic resources.
Your assignment must follow these formatting requirements:
· Be typed, double spaced, using Times New Roman font (size 12), with one-inch margins on all sides; citations and references must follow APA or school-specific format. Check with your professor for any additional instructions.
· Include a cover page containing the title of the assignment, the student’s name, the professor’s name, the course title, and the date. The cover page and the reference page are not included in the required assignment page length.
The specific course learning outcomes associated with this assignment are:
· Demonstrate knowledge of the history of law enforcement.
· Compare and contrast the hierarchy of command associated with modern law enforcement agencies.
· Discuss the theoretical undertones of policing strategies (i.e., community policing, patrol patterns).
· Discuss ideological and practical positions and debate controversial issues in policing.
· Use technology and information resources to research advanced issues in law enforcement.
· Write clearly and concisely about advanced issues in law enforcement using proper grammar and mechanics.
Grading for this assignment will be based on answer quality, logic/organization of the paper, and language and writing skills, using the following rubric.
Points: 160
Assignment 2:The Basics behind Effecti ...
Running head CRIME ANALYSIS .docx
Running head: CRIME ANALYSIS 1
CRIME ANALYSIS TECHNOLOGY 2
Crime analysis is a function that usually involves the systemic analysis in identifying as well as analyzing the crime patterns and trends. Crime analysis is very important for law enforcement agencies as it helps law enforcers effectively deploy the available resources in a better and effective manner, which enables them to identify and apprehend suspects. Crime analysis is also very significant when it comes to arriving at solutions devised to come up with the right solution to solve the current crime problem and issues as well as coming up with the right prevention strategies. Since the year 2014, crime rates in the USA have increased steadily as per a study done by USAFacts, which is a non-partisan initiative (Osborne & Wernicke, 2013). With this increase in crime rates, which has majorly resulted in massive growth in technology, it is essential to come up with better means and ways of dealing with the increased crime rates. With the current advancement in technology, better law enforcement tools developed, which has enabled better crime deterrence in better and efficient ways. All this has been facilitated by the efforts of crime analysts who have come up with better tools and thus enabling the law enforcers to better deal with the crimes (Osborne & Wernicke, 2013). In this paper, I will consider the application of crime analysis technology and techniques in fighting crimes. Application of crime analysis technology and techniques used to make crime analysis more accurate and efficient.
Currently, the two technological tools that are used in predictive policing software have enabled security agencies to effectively use predictive policing ("Crime Analysis: Fighting Crime with Data," 2017). Application of this software has enabled better crime prevention as with data obtained in the previous crimes have been used to predict possible future severe crimes in a specific area.
Through the adoption and use of crime analysis, law enforcement agencies have been able to fight against crimes as when compared with the past effectively. The use of crime analysis comes at the right time, where there has been an increase in crime rates in the current digital error. In a survey done by Wynyard group in 2015, the study revealed that for every 10 law enforcement officials 9 of them believe that the use of current technology in crime analysis has had positive effects in helping the agencies in solving crimes as they can identify essential links and trends in crimes ("Crime Analysis: Fighting Crime with Data," 2017). In the same way, other sectors have benefited from data analysis with spreadsheets, databases, and mapping, law enforcers have been able to use data analysis to come up with a better decision. Crime analysis ha ...
Running head CRIME ANALYSIS .docx
Running head: CRIME ANALYSIS 1
CRIME ANALYSIS TECHNOLOGY 2
Crime analysis is a function that usually involves the systemic analysis in identifying as well as analyzing the crime patterns and trends. Crime analysis is very important for law enforcement agencies as it helps law enforcers effectively deploy the available resources in a better and effective manner, which enables them to identify and apprehend suspects. Crime analysis is also very significant when it comes to arriving at solutions devised to come up with the right solution to solve the current crime problem and issues as well as coming up with the right prevention strategies. Since the year 2014, crime rates in the USA have increased steadily as per a study done by USAFacts, which is a non-partisan initiative (Osborne & Wernicke, 2013). With this increase in crime rates, which has majorly resulted in massive growth in technology, it is essential to come up with better means and ways of dealing with the increased crime rates. With the current advancement in technology, better law enforcement tools developed, which has enabled better crime deterrence in better and efficient ways. All this has been facilitated by the efforts of crime analysts who have come up with better tools and thus enabling the law enforcers to better deal with the crimes (Osborne & Wernicke, 2013). In this paper, I will consider the application of crime analysis technology and techniques in fighting crimes. Application of crime analysis technology and techniques used to make crime analysis more accurate and efficient.
Currently, the two technological tools that are used in predictive policing software have enabled security agencies to effectively use predictive policing ("Crime Analysis: Fighting Crime with Data," 2017). Application of this software has enabled better crime prevention as with data obtained in the previous crimes have been used to predict possible future severe crimes in a specific area.
Through the adoption and use of crime analysis, law enforcement agencies have been able to fight against crimes as when compared with the past effectively. The use of crime analysis comes at the right time, where there has been an increase in crime rates in the current digital error. In a survey done by Wynyard group in 2015, the study revealed that for every 10 law enforcement officials 9 of them believe that the use of current technology in crime analysis has had positive effects in helping the agencies in solving crimes as they can identify essential links and trends in crimes ("Crime Analysis: Fighting Crime with Data," 2017). In the same way, other sectors have benefited from data analysis with spreadsheets, databases, and mapping, law enforcers have been able to use data analysis to come up with a better decision. Crime analysis ha.
Merseyside Crime Analysis
Abstract : Crime prediction is a topic of significant research across the fields of criminology, data mining, city planning, law enforcement, and political science. Crime patterns exist on a spatial level; these patterns can be grouped geographically by physical location, and analyzed contextually based on the region
in which crime occurs. This paper proposes a mechanism to parameterize street-level crime, localize crime hotspots, identify correlations between spatiotemporal crime patterns and social trends, and analyze the resulting data for the purposes of knowledge discovery and anomaly detection. The subject of this study is the county of Merseyside in the United Kingdom, over a span of 21 months beginning in December 2010 (monthly) through August 2012. Several types of crime are analyzed in this dataset, including Burglary and Antisocial Behavior. Through this analysis, several interesting findings are drawn about crime in Merseyside, including: hotspots with steadily increasing crime levels, hotspots with unstable crime levels, synchronous changes in crime trends throughout Merseyside as a whole, individual months in which certain hotspots behaved anomalously, and a strong correlation between crime hotspot locations and borough/postal code locations. We believe that this type of statistical and correlative analysis of crime patterns will help law enforcement agencies predict criminal activity, allocate resources, and promote community awareness to reduce overall crime rates.
For more information, please visit: http://people.cs.vt.edu/parang/ or contact parang at firstname at cs vt edu
Disadvantages Of Intelligence Led Policing
This document discusses problem-oriented policing and the SARA model. SARA is an acronym that stands for scanning, analysis, response, and assessment, which are the four steps used to identify, analyze, and select problems. The document examines a problem-oriented policing guide about liquor store robberies. It describes factors that can contribute to liquor store robberies, such as cash transactions and lone employees. The guide offers suggestions for responses like improving lighting and visibility to address the problem.
Unit VI Scholarly ActivityFor this scholarly activity, you wil.docx
This scholarly activity asks the student to research crime rates of murder and aggravated assault over the past four years in their local area and nationally, compare and explain any trends found, define the crimes, describe common characteristics of the offenses and victims, examine differences in arrest and clearance rates, and apply a criminological theory to explain reasons for crime in their local area in a 2+ page scholarly activity paper.
Examining DifferencesIn this module, we examined crimes against pe.docx
This document outlines an assignment to write a report examining the differences in how crimes against persons, crimes against property, and white-collar crimes are treated by the legislature, depicted by the media, and viewed theoretically. Students are instructed to identify differences in crime classification and punishment, analyze media portrayals of criminals, and explain distinctions among theories of criminal behavior.
Chapter 1 Introduction The Linearity of Contemporary Criminal Just
Chapter 1: Introduction: The Linearity of Contemporary Criminal Justice Thought: Perspective, Context, and Direction
Chapter 18: Contemporary Police and Society, pp. 290-294
Godown, J. (2009, August). The CompStat process: Four principles for managing crime reduction. Police Chief Magazine, LXXVI(8). Retrieved from http://www.policechiefmagazine.org/magazine/index.cfm?fuseaction=display&article_id=1859&issue_id=82009
Unit Lesson
Throughout history, the American criminal justice system has experienced a myriad of challenges and changes along its evolutionary journey. Ever since the inception of our nation’s first police agency, law enforcement has been charged with the responsibility of instituting public policy and initiative that exhibits a clear perspective on how to detect, deter, and prevent crime.
These perspectives set the foundation for the way our criminal justice system addresses the contemporary issues facing modern law enforcement in the 21st century. The evidentiary shift from traditional criminal justice practices to a more innovative, contemporary law enforcement strategy arose from research-based theory and practice. Three contemporary tools deserving a deeper level of explanation and analysis include the following elements:
evidence-based practices (EBP),
crime mapping, and
community and problem-oriented policing.
These tools are key to what is referred to as predictive policing. The premise behind predictive policing rests on the idea that society will be much safer if we do not wait to make an arrest after a crime has been committed, but rather, we prevent the crime in the first place (Maguire & Okada, 2015).
Evidence-based policing, simply stated, is the marriage between scientific research and taking that evidence and those results and putting them into practice with the use of guidelines and policy. This notion has been used in medicine when doctors use advanced training as it pertains to the scientific method and follow the most recent evidence available derived from research (Sherman, 1998). We see this firsthand with Berkeley Police Chief August Vollmer in the early 1970s when he began implementing a radical approach to practical policing with innovations such as the patrol car, profiling, and forensics to name a few.
UNIT I STUDY GUIDE
Contemporary Criminal Justice Theory and Practice
BCJ 4601, Criminal Justice Current Topics 2
UNIT x STUDY GUIDE
Title
Crime mapping, such as that provided by the widely recognized program CompStat (computer statistics), is another innovation in contemporary criminal justice that has changed the way law enforcement approaches crime. Crime mapping has a long history dating back to the 1920s. According to Chamard (2006), the most well-known criminological maps came from Chicago sociologists, Clifford Shaw and Henry McKay, who constructed a choropleth map consisting of the residences of over 3,000 juvenile delinquents. Shaw and McKay used polygon shading to indicate t ...
There is a great deal of mystery surrounding criminal profilers..docx
There is a great deal of mystery surrounding criminal profilers. Until relatively recently, the potential investigative usefulness of criminal profilers, such as their ability to crack cases and help apprehend serial and mass murderers, was not commonly known. In addition, much of what was widely known was garnered from fictional television shows and movies. During the past decade, however, literature has been devoted to examining the role of criminal profilers and how they aid law enforcement in certain cases. Of all the different types of violent and predatory crimes criminal profilers can help with, serial and mass murderer profiling is perhaps the most fascinating. For serial and mass murder cases, criminal profilers use information from crime scenes and empirical research to construct a profile of the murderers. However, criminal profiling has undergone a number of changes in its evolution as a professional field, many of which you consider this week. These changes have had a significant influence on current criminal profiling techniques.
This week, you also become acquainted with the roles and responsibilities of criminal profilers. The most obvious responsibility of a criminal profiler is to develop a profile of a criminal so that law enforcement has a general idea of whom to search for. There are a number of other responsibilities, too, such as providing interviewing strategies during the interrogation of suspects. After reading about the roles and responsibilities of criminal profilers, you might assume that they always create accurate profiles that quickly crack cases. This is not necessarily true. Criminal profiling is part art and part science. Although more and more attempts are being made to steer criminal profiling into a science, there will always be an element of art in criminal profiling. Even the most highly touted criminal profilers are sometimes incorrect in their depictions of perpetrators. Keep in mind that while criminal profilers can be helpful to law enforcement, they are just one resource among many that ultimately lead to the detection and apprehension of serial and mass murderers.
To prepare for this assignment:
Review Chapter 1 of your course text, Profiling Violent Crimes: An Investigative Tool. Pay attention to how criminal profilers use deductive and inductive logic to construct profiles of serial and mass murderers. Also reflect on the goals of criminal profilers and how they aid enforcement in apprehending serial and mass murderers. In addition, consider whether criminal profiling is more of an art or a science.
Review Chapter 2 of your course text, Profiling Violent Crimes: An Investigative Tool. Pay special attention to the section entitled "Profiling in Fact." Consider how criminal profiling was used in each of these cases.
Read Winerman, L. (2004). “Does profiling really work?” Think about how profiling may help a hinder a criminal investigation.
Think about how the criminal profiles of serial and.
CJ 301CHAPTER 1NOTESIt is important for everyone to become f.docx
CJ 301
CHAPTER 1
NOTES
It is important for everyone to become familiar with the language of research as we begin this statistics course, so follow along and try to absorb the information below. This module is intended to accompany Chapter 1 of the Adventures in Criminal Justice Research text (4th edition):
This textbook introduces you to the logic of theory, research, and practice in criminal justice and gives you some practical experience through the use of the SPSS for Windows computer program.
WHAT DO WE MEAN WHEN WE SAY STATISTICS?
The word statistics can have a variety of meanings.
1. It can refer to fragments of data or information.
2. To some it may mean the theories and procedures that are used for understanding data.
3. Statistics may also be defined as collections of facts expressed as numbers.
-For example, in 1990, 341,387 full-time law enforcement officers were working in the U.S.; this is a statistic. So is the fact that 7,830 bank robberies occurred in the same year (Crime in the U.S. 1990) and that four million offenders were under some form of correctional supervision (Sourcebook of Criminal Justice Statistics 1992). The list of statistical facts about the criminal justice system may be regarded as statistics. Your age, your shoe size, your height, your sex, your ethnicity are all statistics. Indeed, any fact that can be expressed as a number, whether it is important or not, is a statistic.
4. For this class, we are going to use the following working definition of the term statistics. Statistics is a set of problem-solving procedures that are used to analyze and interpret aggregate data.
WHAT ARE SOME PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS OF STATISTICS?
Criminal justice practitioners deal with a wide variety of problems that statistics can help solve.
1. Statistics can be used to describe crime in a city, or the composition of a police department or the overcrowding problem in a county jail, or the case processing rate of a criminal court.
2. Other problems that arise in criminal justice go beyond simple description and into areas such as prediction and evaluation.
- For example, if a police department were to add 60 officers to its force, what would be the predicted impact on crime rates, staff morale, or gasoline consumption? How many new probation officer positions would be required in the next five years to keep up with the current growth in caseloads? If sentences to prison continue at their present rate, for how many new prison beds must the state plan? Is probation more effective than prison? Which community-based corrections programs work better than others? How successful is community-oriented policing or judicial training or the public defender’s office? Answering these types of question involves various statistical techniques that we will learn about during this semester.
WHAT ARE THE TYPES OF STATISTICS?
1. Descriptive Statistics – These are statistics whose function it is to describe what data looks l.
1. Thoroughly selected at least two (2) types of changes (e.g., publ.docx
1. Thoroughly selected at least two (2) types of changes (e.g., public and society, law enforcement officers, police bureaucracy, standards community involvement, technology, etc.); thoroughly examined how the selected changes have affected police operations, mission and values, or goals and objectives in the 21st century in the United States. Thoroughly supported your response.
2. Thoroughly explained the various lines of communication present within any given local law enforcement agency. Thoroughly determined at least two (2) challenges and concerns that law enforcement might encounter with communication and thoroughly suggested your strategy to mitigate the challenges. Thoroughly supported your response.
3. Thoroughly examined the importance of police patrol in modern policing.
4. Identify at least two (2) quality of life issues (e.g., panhandlers, prostitution, problems associated with bars and clubs, police interaction with individuals who are mentally ill, homeless people and civil disobedience) that permeate modern law enforcement practices. Propose a response to these issues, based on common practices as outlined in the text, and provide your rationale.
5. Compare and contrast police reactions as they relate to violence in schools, homes, and workplaces. Provide one (1) example of each to support your response.
6. Use at least three (3) quality academic resources as references, such as journal articles, newspapers, magazines, and publications from law enforcement associations.
Note:
Wikipedia, blogs, and similar websites do not qualify as quality academic resources.
.
C017152427
This document proposes a method for clustering related Chinese text cases using a combination of Fuzzy K-Means (FKM) clustering and Canopy clustering algorithms. It first discusses factors that can indicate related cases such as location, time, evidence. It then describes representing Chinese text cases as vectors using word segmentation and reducing dimensions. FKM clustering is applied to group related cases but has limitations. Canopy clustering is then used to estimate the optimal number of clusters before applying FKM to overcome limitations and improve efficiency. While this method addresses challenges of clustering Chinese cases, results may not be very accurate and the method could be improved.
Research on Clustering Method of Related Cases Based On Chinese Text
This document discusses a method for clustering related criminal cases in Chinese text using a combination of Fuzzy K-Means (FKM) clustering and Canopy clustering algorithms. It begins by analyzing factors that indicate cases may be related, such as location, time of occurrence, target, physical characteristics of suspects, and evidence. It then discusses representing cases as vectors in a space and using FKM clustering to group similar cases. However, FKM is not suitable for high-dimensional, big data applications involving Chinese text. The proposed method uses Canopy clustering first to reduce the dataset before applying FKM, overcoming FKM's limitations and improving efficiency and quality of related case analysis in a Hadoop environment.
Psy 303 Effective Communication / snaptutorial.com
This document discusses various assignments for a psychology course on crime. It includes assignments on measuring crime, analyzing theories of crime causation, examining the influence of peer pressure and media on crime, and exploring society's responses to crime. Students are asked to research crime statistics, apply psychological theories to explain specific crimes, analyze media portrayals of crime, and evaluate different concepts of justice in relation to lowering recidivism rates.
SociologyExchange.co.uk Shared Resource
Postmodernism has contributed to sociologists' understanding of crime and deviance in today's society in the following ways:
1. It has challenged modernist meta-narratives and conceptions of what crime is.
2. Sociologists influenced by postmodernism see crime as socially constructed and dependent on context.
3. Postmodern theories emphasize issues like globalization, state crime, and the changing nature of surveillance in understanding crime and deviance in contemporary society.
Final Examination Study GuideI - Community PolicingDefine co.docx
Final Examination Study Guide
I - Community Policing
Define community policing. What are the three (3) core elements of community policing identified by Skogan? (Make sure you describe each component)
Describe criticisms of community policing.
II – Problem-Oriented Policing (POP)
Define problem-oriented policing.
What are problems?
Describe the problem-oriented policing framework. What is the purpose of each step in the problem-oriented policing framework? What are potential criticisms of the problem-oriented policing framework (be specific).
How do enforcement problem-oriented policing programs and situational problem-oriented policing programs differ?
How do community policing and problem-oriented policing differ? How are they similar?
III – Focused Deterrence Policing
What is the general focus of pulling levers strategies? How does the pulling levers approach attempt to address its general focus?
Describe the pulling levers framework.
What are potential weaknesses or criticisms of the pulling levers approach?
What are potential strengths of the pulling levers strategy?
IV Hot spots policing
Define hot spots and provide examples.
One strength of hot spots policing is that it is born from theory and empirical evidence. First, describe which theories paved the way for hot spots policing. Second, describe the empirical evidence that led to the practice of hot spots policing.
Generally speaking, what does research suggest about the effectiveness of hot spots policing? Make sure that you touch on displacement and diffusion of benefits, as well.
Discuss the potential limitations, issues, and adverse effects of hot spots policing.
V – Empirical Evidence/Evaluation Design
Identify and describe the three (3) common types of evaluation designs used in social science. What are the weaknesses associated with these evaluation designs?
VI – Police Legitimacy and Legal Cynicism
Describe how hot spots policing can potentially address issues concerning police legitimacy.
Discuss the potential legal and ethical concerns of hot spots policing.
Police behavior has been found to shape how legitimate the public perceives the police to be.
Discuss what shapes procedural justice judgments and fairness.
Braga and Weisburd suggest that hot spots policing can complement community policing initiatives. Please list the 3 elements of community policing that can benefit hot spots programs and describe how each of these elements are related to police-community relations and police legitimacy.
What does research suggest about low socioeconomic communities, crime, and the relationships between citizens and the police? (*Do not forget to touch on legal cynicism)
Discuss what research suggests shapes public perceptions of the police.
1
...
Psy 303 Arg Exceptional Education / snaptutorial.com
This document contains assignments for various modules in a psychology course on crime. It includes assignments on measuring crime, analyzing theories of crime causation, applying psychological theories to media portrayals of crime, and exploring different concepts of justice and their usefulness in reducing recidivism. The assignments require research, analysis, and writing on topics related to defining and explaining various crimes, demographic factors related to offending and victimization, reliability of crime statistics, applying theories to explain specific crimes, and evaluating approaches to justice.
Assignment Details The application of a policing program.docx
The document discusses applying a community-oriented policing (COP) program to address a specific problem identified by police and community members. This is known as problem-oriented policing (POP). The COP strategy can use the SARA model of problem solving, which has four phases - scanning, analysis, response, and assessment. Using SARA within a COP program can help find solutions that improve community members' quality of life and safety.
Effectiveness of Crime Control Measures in Nigeria
This document summarizes a research study on the effectiveness of crime control measures in Nigeria. The study assessed the role of citizens in crime prevention and identified the causes and impacts of crime. A descriptive survey design was used and questionnaires were distributed to 150 respondents. The findings showed that citizens play active roles in crime control, but more still needs to be done. It is recommended that the government better equip formal security agencies for effective crime prevention and that informal and formal sectors collaborate more closely to improve crime prevention and control efforts.
The Perception Of Violence Within The Public Safety Field
The document discusses the perceptions of violence within communities from the perspective of public safety leadership. It examines the challenges faced by the public safety field in dealing with violence, and how an individual's perceptions of violence may change or be reinforced through understanding the ethical implications for professional practice. The goal is to help gain a better understanding of these issues so they can be properly addressed when encountered within an organization.
100 Original WorkZero PlagiarismGraduate Level Writing Required.docx
This document provides instructions for a 1,250- to 1,400-word paper that is due on March 6, 2021. Students must choose between the topics of immigration, drug legislation, or three-strikes sentencing. For the selected topic, students must describe how each branch of the US government (executive, legislative, judicial) participates in the policy. The paper must follow APA formatting guidelines and include at least three peer-reviewed literature references, excluding sources like Wikipedia.
10.11771066480704270150THE FAMILY JOURNAL COUNSELING AND THE.docx
10.1177/1066480704270150THE FAMILY JOURNAL: COUNSELING AND THERAPY FOR COUPLES AND FAMILIES / January 2005Lambert / GAY AND LESBIAN FAMILIES
❖ Literature Review—Research
Gay and Lesbian Families:
What We Know and Where to Go From Here
Serena Lambert
Idaho State University
The author reviewed the research on gay and lesbian parents and
their children. The current body of research has been clear and con-
sistent in establishing that children of gay and lesbian parents are as
psychologically healthy as their peers from heterosexual homes.
However, this comparison approach to research design appears to
have limited the scope of research on gay and lesbian families, leav-
ing much of the experience of these families yet to be investigated.
Keywords: gay men; lesbians; parenting; families
The relationships and family lives of gay and lesbian peo-ple have been the focus of much controversy in the past
decade. The legal and social implications of gay and lesbian
parents appear to have clearly affected the direction that
researchers in the fields of psychology and sociology have
taken in regard to these diverse families. As clinicians, educa-
tors, and researchers, counselors need to be aware of and
involved with issues related to lesbian and gay family life for
several reasons. First, our professional code of ethics charges
us with the ethical responsibility to demonstrate a commit-
ment to gaining knowledge, personal awareness, sensitivity,
and skills significant for working with diverse populations
(American Counseling Association, 1995; International
Association of Marriage and Family Counselors, n.d.). Coun-
selors are also in a unique position to advocate for diverse
clients and families in their communities as well as in their
practices but must possess the knowledge to do so effectively
(Eriksen, 1999). It is believed that work in this area not only
has the potential to affect the lives of our gay and lesbian cli-
ents and their children but also influences developmental and
family theory and informs public policies for the future
(Patterson, 1995, 2000; Savin-Williams & Esterberg, 2000).
This article will review the recent research regarding fami-
lies headed by gay men and lesbians. Studies reviewed in-
clude investigations of gay or lesbian versus homosexual par-
ents, sources of diversity among gay and lesbian parents, and
the personal and sociological development of the children of
gay and lesbian parents. Implications for counselors as well
as directions for future research will also be discussed.
GAY AND LESBIAN PARENTS
How Many Are Out There?
Unfortunately, accurate statistics regarding the numbers
of families headed by gay men and lesbians in our culture are
difficult to determine. Due to fear of discrimination in one or
more aspects of their lives, many gay men and lesbians have
carefully kept their sexual orientation concealed—even from
their own children in some cases (Huggins, 1989). Patterson
(2000) noted that it is es.
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Assignment 2The Basics Behind Effective Police OperationsDue We.docx
Assignment 2:The Basics Behind Effective Police Operations
Due Week 6 and worth 160 points
Write a five (5) page paper in which you:
1. Select at least two (2) types of changes (e.g., public and society, law enforcement officers, police bureaucracy, standards community involvement, technology, etc.), and examine how the selected changes have affected police operations, mission and values, or goals and objectives in the 21st century in the United States. Support your response.
2. Explain the various lines of communications present within any given local law enforcement agency. Next, determine at least two (2) challenges and concerns that law enforcement might encounter with communication and suggest your strategy to mitigate the challenges. Support your response.
3. Examine the importance of police patrol in modern policing.
4. Identify at least two (2) quality of life issues (e.g., panhandlers, prostitution, problems associated with bars and clubs, police interaction with individuals who are mentally ill, homeless people and civil disobedience) that permeate modern law enforcement practices. Propose a response to these issues, based on common practices as outlined in the text, and provide your rationale.
5. Compare and contrast police reactions as they relate to violence in schools, homes, and workplaces. Provide one (1) example of each to support your response.
6. Use at least three (3) quality academic resources as references, such as journal articles, newspapers, magazines, and publications from law enforcement associations. Note: Wikipedia, blogs, and similar websites do not qualify as quality academic resources.
Your assignment must follow these formatting requirements:
· Be typed, double spaced, using Times New Roman font (size 12), with one-inch margins on all sides; citations and references must follow APA or school-specific format. Check with your professor for any additional instructions.
· Include a cover page containing the title of the assignment, the student’s name, the professor’s name, the course title, and the date. The cover page and the reference page are not included in the required assignment page length.
The specific course learning outcomes associated with this assignment are:
· Demonstrate knowledge of the history of law enforcement.
· Compare and contrast the hierarchy of command associated with modern law enforcement agencies.
· Discuss the theoretical undertones of policing strategies (i.e., community policing, patrol patterns).
· Discuss ideological and practical positions and debate controversial issues in policing.
· Use technology and information resources to research advanced issues in law enforcement.
· Write clearly and concisely about advanced issues in law enforcement using proper grammar and mechanics.
Grading for this assignment will be based on answer quality, logic/organization of the paper, and language and writing skills, using the following rubric.
Points: 160
Assignment 2:The Basics behind Effecti ...
Running head CRIME ANALYSIS .docx
Running head: CRIME ANALYSIS 1
CRIME ANALYSIS TECHNOLOGY 2
Crime analysis is a function that usually involves the systemic analysis in identifying as well as analyzing the crime patterns and trends. Crime analysis is very important for law enforcement agencies as it helps law enforcers effectively deploy the available resources in a better and effective manner, which enables them to identify and apprehend suspects. Crime analysis is also very significant when it comes to arriving at solutions devised to come up with the right solution to solve the current crime problem and issues as well as coming up with the right prevention strategies. Since the year 2014, crime rates in the USA have increased steadily as per a study done by USAFacts, which is a non-partisan initiative (Osborne & Wernicke, 2013). With this increase in crime rates, which has majorly resulted in massive growth in technology, it is essential to come up with better means and ways of dealing with the increased crime rates. With the current advancement in technology, better law enforcement tools developed, which has enabled better crime deterrence in better and efficient ways. All this has been facilitated by the efforts of crime analysts who have come up with better tools and thus enabling the law enforcers to better deal with the crimes (Osborne & Wernicke, 2013). In this paper, I will consider the application of crime analysis technology and techniques in fighting crimes. Application of crime analysis technology and techniques used to make crime analysis more accurate and efficient.
Currently, the two technological tools that are used in predictive policing software have enabled security agencies to effectively use predictive policing ("Crime Analysis: Fighting Crime with Data," 2017). Application of this software has enabled better crime prevention as with data obtained in the previous crimes have been used to predict possible future severe crimes in a specific area.
Through the adoption and use of crime analysis, law enforcement agencies have been able to fight against crimes as when compared with the past effectively. The use of crime analysis comes at the right time, where there has been an increase in crime rates in the current digital error. In a survey done by Wynyard group in 2015, the study revealed that for every 10 law enforcement officials 9 of them believe that the use of current technology in crime analysis has had positive effects in helping the agencies in solving crimes as they can identify essential links and trends in crimes ("Crime Analysis: Fighting Crime with Data," 2017). In the same way, other sectors have benefited from data analysis with spreadsheets, databases, and mapping, law enforcers have been able to use data analysis to come up with a better decision. Crime analysis ha ...
Running head CRIME ANALYSIS .docx
Running head: CRIME ANALYSIS 1
CRIME ANALYSIS TECHNOLOGY 2
Crime analysis is a function that usually involves the systemic analysis in identifying as well as analyzing the crime patterns and trends. Crime analysis is very important for law enforcement agencies as it helps law enforcers effectively deploy the available resources in a better and effective manner, which enables them to identify and apprehend suspects. Crime analysis is also very significant when it comes to arriving at solutions devised to come up with the right solution to solve the current crime problem and issues as well as coming up with the right prevention strategies. Since the year 2014, crime rates in the USA have increased steadily as per a study done by USAFacts, which is a non-partisan initiative (Osborne & Wernicke, 2013). With this increase in crime rates, which has majorly resulted in massive growth in technology, it is essential to come up with better means and ways of dealing with the increased crime rates. With the current advancement in technology, better law enforcement tools developed, which has enabled better crime deterrence in better and efficient ways. All this has been facilitated by the efforts of crime analysts who have come up with better tools and thus enabling the law enforcers to better deal with the crimes (Osborne & Wernicke, 2013). In this paper, I will consider the application of crime analysis technology and techniques in fighting crimes. Application of crime analysis technology and techniques used to make crime analysis more accurate and efficient.
Currently, the two technological tools that are used in predictive policing software have enabled security agencies to effectively use predictive policing ("Crime Analysis: Fighting Crime with Data," 2017). Application of this software has enabled better crime prevention as with data obtained in the previous crimes have been used to predict possible future severe crimes in a specific area.
Through the adoption and use of crime analysis, law enforcement agencies have been able to fight against crimes as when compared with the past effectively. The use of crime analysis comes at the right time, where there has been an increase in crime rates in the current digital error. In a survey done by Wynyard group in 2015, the study revealed that for every 10 law enforcement officials 9 of them believe that the use of current technology in crime analysis has had positive effects in helping the agencies in solving crimes as they can identify essential links and trends in crimes ("Crime Analysis: Fighting Crime with Data," 2017). In the same way, other sectors have benefited from data analysis with spreadsheets, databases, and mapping, law enforcers have been able to use data analysis to come up with a better decision. Crime analysis ha.
Merseyside Crime Analysis
Abstract : Crime prediction is a topic of significant research across the fields of criminology, data mining, city planning, law enforcement, and political science. Crime patterns exist on a spatial level; these patterns can be grouped geographically by physical location, and analyzed contextually based on the region
in which crime occurs. This paper proposes a mechanism to parameterize street-level crime, localize crime hotspots, identify correlations between spatiotemporal crime patterns and social trends, and analyze the resulting data for the purposes of knowledge discovery and anomaly detection. The subject of this study is the county of Merseyside in the United Kingdom, over a span of 21 months beginning in December 2010 (monthly) through August 2012. Several types of crime are analyzed in this dataset, including Burglary and Antisocial Behavior. Through this analysis, several interesting findings are drawn about crime in Merseyside, including: hotspots with steadily increasing crime levels, hotspots with unstable crime levels, synchronous changes in crime trends throughout Merseyside as a whole, individual months in which certain hotspots behaved anomalously, and a strong correlation between crime hotspot locations and borough/postal code locations. We believe that this type of statistical and correlative analysis of crime patterns will help law enforcement agencies predict criminal activity, allocate resources, and promote community awareness to reduce overall crime rates.
For more information, please visit: http://people.cs.vt.edu/parang/ or contact parang at firstname at cs vt edu
Disadvantages Of Intelligence Led Policing
This document discusses problem-oriented policing and the SARA model. SARA is an acronym that stands for scanning, analysis, response, and assessment, which are the four steps used to identify, analyze, and select problems. The document examines a problem-oriented policing guide about liquor store robberies. It describes factors that can contribute to liquor store robberies, such as cash transactions and lone employees. The guide offers suggestions for responses like improving lighting and visibility to address the problem.
Unit VI Scholarly ActivityFor this scholarly activity, you wil.docx
This scholarly activity asks the student to research crime rates of murder and aggravated assault over the past four years in their local area and nationally, compare and explain any trends found, define the crimes, describe common characteristics of the offenses and victims, examine differences in arrest and clearance rates, and apply a criminological theory to explain reasons for crime in their local area in a 2+ page scholarly activity paper.
Examining DifferencesIn this module, we examined crimes against pe.docx
This document outlines an assignment to write a report examining the differences in how crimes against persons, crimes against property, and white-collar crimes are treated by the legislature, depicted by the media, and viewed theoretically. Students are instructed to identify differences in crime classification and punishment, analyze media portrayals of criminals, and explain distinctions among theories of criminal behavior.
Chapter 1 Introduction The Linearity of Contemporary Criminal Just
Chapter 1: Introduction: The Linearity of Contemporary Criminal Justice Thought: Perspective, Context, and Direction
Chapter 18: Contemporary Police and Society, pp. 290-294
Godown, J. (2009, August). The CompStat process: Four principles for managing crime reduction. Police Chief Magazine, LXXVI(8). Retrieved from http://www.policechiefmagazine.org/magazine/index.cfm?fuseaction=display&article_id=1859&issue_id=82009
Unit Lesson
Throughout history, the American criminal justice system has experienced a myriad of challenges and changes along its evolutionary journey. Ever since the inception of our nation’s first police agency, law enforcement has been charged with the responsibility of instituting public policy and initiative that exhibits a clear perspective on how to detect, deter, and prevent crime.
These perspectives set the foundation for the way our criminal justice system addresses the contemporary issues facing modern law enforcement in the 21st century. The evidentiary shift from traditional criminal justice practices to a more innovative, contemporary law enforcement strategy arose from research-based theory and practice. Three contemporary tools deserving a deeper level of explanation and analysis include the following elements:
evidence-based practices (EBP),
crime mapping, and
community and problem-oriented policing.
These tools are key to what is referred to as predictive policing. The premise behind predictive policing rests on the idea that society will be much safer if we do not wait to make an arrest after a crime has been committed, but rather, we prevent the crime in the first place (Maguire & Okada, 2015).
Evidence-based policing, simply stated, is the marriage between scientific research and taking that evidence and those results and putting them into practice with the use of guidelines and policy. This notion has been used in medicine when doctors use advanced training as it pertains to the scientific method and follow the most recent evidence available derived from research (Sherman, 1998). We see this firsthand with Berkeley Police Chief August Vollmer in the early 1970s when he began implementing a radical approach to practical policing with innovations such as the patrol car, profiling, and forensics to name a few.
UNIT I STUDY GUIDE
Contemporary Criminal Justice Theory and Practice
BCJ 4601, Criminal Justice Current Topics 2
UNIT x STUDY GUIDE
Title
Crime mapping, such as that provided by the widely recognized program CompStat (computer statistics), is another innovation in contemporary criminal justice that has changed the way law enforcement approaches crime. Crime mapping has a long history dating back to the 1920s. According to Chamard (2006), the most well-known criminological maps came from Chicago sociologists, Clifford Shaw and Henry McKay, who constructed a choropleth map consisting of the residences of over 3,000 juvenile delinquents. Shaw and McKay used polygon shading to indicate t ...
There is a great deal of mystery surrounding criminal profilers..docx
There is a great deal of mystery surrounding criminal profilers. Until relatively recently, the potential investigative usefulness of criminal profilers, such as their ability to crack cases and help apprehend serial and mass murderers, was not commonly known. In addition, much of what was widely known was garnered from fictional television shows and movies. During the past decade, however, literature has been devoted to examining the role of criminal profilers and how they aid law enforcement in certain cases. Of all the different types of violent and predatory crimes criminal profilers can help with, serial and mass murderer profiling is perhaps the most fascinating. For serial and mass murder cases, criminal profilers use information from crime scenes and empirical research to construct a profile of the murderers. However, criminal profiling has undergone a number of changes in its evolution as a professional field, many of which you consider this week. These changes have had a significant influence on current criminal profiling techniques.
This week, you also become acquainted with the roles and responsibilities of criminal profilers. The most obvious responsibility of a criminal profiler is to develop a profile of a criminal so that law enforcement has a general idea of whom to search for. There are a number of other responsibilities, too, such as providing interviewing strategies during the interrogation of suspects. After reading about the roles and responsibilities of criminal profilers, you might assume that they always create accurate profiles that quickly crack cases. This is not necessarily true. Criminal profiling is part art and part science. Although more and more attempts are being made to steer criminal profiling into a science, there will always be an element of art in criminal profiling. Even the most highly touted criminal profilers are sometimes incorrect in their depictions of perpetrators. Keep in mind that while criminal profilers can be helpful to law enforcement, they are just one resource among many that ultimately lead to the detection and apprehension of serial and mass murderers.
To prepare for this assignment:
Review Chapter 1 of your course text, Profiling Violent Crimes: An Investigative Tool. Pay attention to how criminal profilers use deductive and inductive logic to construct profiles of serial and mass murderers. Also reflect on the goals of criminal profilers and how they aid enforcement in apprehending serial and mass murderers. In addition, consider whether criminal profiling is more of an art or a science.
Review Chapter 2 of your course text, Profiling Violent Crimes: An Investigative Tool. Pay special attention to the section entitled "Profiling in Fact." Consider how criminal profiling was used in each of these cases.
Read Winerman, L. (2004). “Does profiling really work?” Think about how profiling may help a hinder a criminal investigation.
Think about how the criminal profiles of serial and.
CJ 301CHAPTER 1NOTESIt is important for everyone to become f.docx
CJ 301
CHAPTER 1
NOTES
It is important for everyone to become familiar with the language of research as we begin this statistics course, so follow along and try to absorb the information below. This module is intended to accompany Chapter 1 of the Adventures in Criminal Justice Research text (4th edition):
This textbook introduces you to the logic of theory, research, and practice in criminal justice and gives you some practical experience through the use of the SPSS for Windows computer program.
WHAT DO WE MEAN WHEN WE SAY STATISTICS?
The word statistics can have a variety of meanings.
1. It can refer to fragments of data or information.
2. To some it may mean the theories and procedures that are used for understanding data.
3. Statistics may also be defined as collections of facts expressed as numbers.
-For example, in 1990, 341,387 full-time law enforcement officers were working in the U.S.; this is a statistic. So is the fact that 7,830 bank robberies occurred in the same year (Crime in the U.S. 1990) and that four million offenders were under some form of correctional supervision (Sourcebook of Criminal Justice Statistics 1992). The list of statistical facts about the criminal justice system may be regarded as statistics. Your age, your shoe size, your height, your sex, your ethnicity are all statistics. Indeed, any fact that can be expressed as a number, whether it is important or not, is a statistic.
4. For this class, we are going to use the following working definition of the term statistics. Statistics is a set of problem-solving procedures that are used to analyze and interpret aggregate data.
WHAT ARE SOME PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS OF STATISTICS?
Criminal justice practitioners deal with a wide variety of problems that statistics can help solve.
1. Statistics can be used to describe crime in a city, or the composition of a police department or the overcrowding problem in a county jail, or the case processing rate of a criminal court.
2. Other problems that arise in criminal justice go beyond simple description and into areas such as prediction and evaluation.
- For example, if a police department were to add 60 officers to its force, what would be the predicted impact on crime rates, staff morale, or gasoline consumption? How many new probation officer positions would be required in the next five years to keep up with the current growth in caseloads? If sentences to prison continue at their present rate, for how many new prison beds must the state plan? Is probation more effective than prison? Which community-based corrections programs work better than others? How successful is community-oriented policing or judicial training or the public defender’s office? Answering these types of question involves various statistical techniques that we will learn about during this semester.
WHAT ARE THE TYPES OF STATISTICS?
1. Descriptive Statistics – These are statistics whose function it is to describe what data looks l.
1. Thoroughly selected at least two (2) types of changes (e.g., publ.docx
1. Thoroughly selected at least two (2) types of changes (e.g., public and society, law enforcement officers, police bureaucracy, standards community involvement, technology, etc.); thoroughly examined how the selected changes have affected police operations, mission and values, or goals and objectives in the 21st century in the United States. Thoroughly supported your response.
2. Thoroughly explained the various lines of communication present within any given local law enforcement agency. Thoroughly determined at least two (2) challenges and concerns that law enforcement might encounter with communication and thoroughly suggested your strategy to mitigate the challenges. Thoroughly supported your response.
3. Thoroughly examined the importance of police patrol in modern policing.
4. Identify at least two (2) quality of life issues (e.g., panhandlers, prostitution, problems associated with bars and clubs, police interaction with individuals who are mentally ill, homeless people and civil disobedience) that permeate modern law enforcement practices. Propose a response to these issues, based on common practices as outlined in the text, and provide your rationale.
5. Compare and contrast police reactions as they relate to violence in schools, homes, and workplaces. Provide one (1) example of each to support your response.
6. Use at least three (3) quality academic resources as references, such as journal articles, newspapers, magazines, and publications from law enforcement associations.
Note:
Wikipedia, blogs, and similar websites do not qualify as quality academic resources.
.
C017152427
This document proposes a method for clustering related Chinese text cases using a combination of Fuzzy K-Means (FKM) clustering and Canopy clustering algorithms. It first discusses factors that can indicate related cases such as location, time, evidence. It then describes representing Chinese text cases as vectors using word segmentation and reducing dimensions. FKM clustering is applied to group related cases but has limitations. Canopy clustering is then used to estimate the optimal number of clusters before applying FKM to overcome limitations and improve efficiency. While this method addresses challenges of clustering Chinese cases, results may not be very accurate and the method could be improved.
Research on Clustering Method of Related Cases Based On Chinese Text
This document discusses a method for clustering related criminal cases in Chinese text using a combination of Fuzzy K-Means (FKM) clustering and Canopy clustering algorithms. It begins by analyzing factors that indicate cases may be related, such as location, time of occurrence, target, physical characteristics of suspects, and evidence. It then discusses representing cases as vectors in a space and using FKM clustering to group similar cases. However, FKM is not suitable for high-dimensional, big data applications involving Chinese text. The proposed method uses Canopy clustering first to reduce the dataset before applying FKM, overcoming FKM's limitations and improving efficiency and quality of related case analysis in a Hadoop environment.
Psy 303 Effective Communication / snaptutorial.com
This document discusses various assignments for a psychology course on crime. It includes assignments on measuring crime, analyzing theories of crime causation, examining the influence of peer pressure and media on crime, and exploring society's responses to crime. Students are asked to research crime statistics, apply psychological theories to explain specific crimes, analyze media portrayals of crime, and evaluate different concepts of justice in relation to lowering recidivism rates.
SociologyExchange.co.uk Shared Resource
Postmodernism has contributed to sociologists' understanding of crime and deviance in today's society in the following ways:
1. It has challenged modernist meta-narratives and conceptions of what crime is.
2. Sociologists influenced by postmodernism see crime as socially constructed and dependent on context.
3. Postmodern theories emphasize issues like globalization, state crime, and the changing nature of surveillance in understanding crime and deviance in contemporary society.
Final Examination Study GuideI - Community PolicingDefine co.docx
Final Examination Study Guide
I - Community Policing
Define community policing. What are the three (3) core elements of community policing identified by Skogan? (Make sure you describe each component)
Describe criticisms of community policing.
II – Problem-Oriented Policing (POP)
Define problem-oriented policing.
What are problems?
Describe the problem-oriented policing framework. What is the purpose of each step in the problem-oriented policing framework? What are potential criticisms of the problem-oriented policing framework (be specific).
How do enforcement problem-oriented policing programs and situational problem-oriented policing programs differ?
How do community policing and problem-oriented policing differ? How are they similar?
III – Focused Deterrence Policing
What is the general focus of pulling levers strategies? How does the pulling levers approach attempt to address its general focus?
Describe the pulling levers framework.
What are potential weaknesses or criticisms of the pulling levers approach?
What are potential strengths of the pulling levers strategy?
IV Hot spots policing
Define hot spots and provide examples.
One strength of hot spots policing is that it is born from theory and empirical evidence. First, describe which theories paved the way for hot spots policing. Second, describe the empirical evidence that led to the practice of hot spots policing.
Generally speaking, what does research suggest about the effectiveness of hot spots policing? Make sure that you touch on displacement and diffusion of benefits, as well.
Discuss the potential limitations, issues, and adverse effects of hot spots policing.
V – Empirical Evidence/Evaluation Design
Identify and describe the three (3) common types of evaluation designs used in social science. What are the weaknesses associated with these evaluation designs?
VI – Police Legitimacy and Legal Cynicism
Describe how hot spots policing can potentially address issues concerning police legitimacy.
Discuss the potential legal and ethical concerns of hot spots policing.
Police behavior has been found to shape how legitimate the public perceives the police to be.
Discuss what shapes procedural justice judgments and fairness.
Braga and Weisburd suggest that hot spots policing can complement community policing initiatives. Please list the 3 elements of community policing that can benefit hot spots programs and describe how each of these elements are related to police-community relations and police legitimacy.
What does research suggest about low socioeconomic communities, crime, and the relationships between citizens and the police? (*Do not forget to touch on legal cynicism)
Discuss what research suggests shapes public perceptions of the police.
1
...
Psy 303 Arg Exceptional Education / snaptutorial.com
This document contains assignments for various modules in a psychology course on crime. It includes assignments on measuring crime, analyzing theories of crime causation, applying psychological theories to media portrayals of crime, and exploring different concepts of justice and their usefulness in reducing recidivism. The assignments require research, analysis, and writing on topics related to defining and explaining various crimes, demographic factors related to offending and victimization, reliability of crime statistics, applying theories to explain specific crimes, and evaluating approaches to justice.
Assignment Details The application of a policing program.docx
The document discusses applying a community-oriented policing (COP) program to address a specific problem identified by police and community members. This is known as problem-oriented policing (POP). The COP strategy can use the SARA model of problem solving, which has four phases - scanning, analysis, response, and assessment. Using SARA within a COP program can help find solutions that improve community members' quality of life and safety.
Effectiveness of Crime Control Measures in Nigeria
This document summarizes a research study on the effectiveness of crime control measures in Nigeria. The study assessed the role of citizens in crime prevention and identified the causes and impacts of crime. A descriptive survey design was used and questionnaires were distributed to 150 respondents. The findings showed that citizens play active roles in crime control, but more still needs to be done. It is recommended that the government better equip formal security agencies for effective crime prevention and that informal and formal sectors collaborate more closely to improve crime prevention and control efforts.
The Perception Of Violence Within The Public Safety Field
The document discusses the perceptions of violence within communities from the perspective of public safety leadership. It examines the challenges faced by the public safety field in dealing with violence, and how an individual's perceptions of violence may change or be reinforced through understanding the ethical implications for professional practice. The goal is to help gain a better understanding of these issues so they can be properly addressed when encountered within an organization.
Similar to 1. Compare and contrast Strategic and Tactical Analysis and its.docx (20)
Assignment 2The Basics Behind Effective Police OperationsDue We.docx
Assignment 2The Basics Behind Effective Police OperationsDue We.docx
Unit VI Scholarly ActivityFor this scholarly activity, you wil.docx
Unit VI Scholarly ActivityFor this scholarly activity, you wil.docx
Examining DifferencesIn this module, we examined crimes against pe.docx
Examining DifferencesIn this module, we examined crimes against pe.docx
Chapter 1 Introduction The Linearity of Contemporary Criminal Just
Chapter 1 Introduction The Linearity of Contemporary Criminal Just
There is a great deal of mystery surrounding criminal profilers..docx
There is a great deal of mystery surrounding criminal profilers..docx
CJ 301CHAPTER 1NOTESIt is important for everyone to become f.docx
CJ 301CHAPTER 1NOTESIt is important for everyone to become f.docx
1. Thoroughly selected at least two (2) types of changes (e.g., publ.docx
1. Thoroughly selected at least two (2) types of changes (e.g., publ.docx
Research on Clustering Method of Related Cases Based On Chinese Text
Research on Clustering Method of Related Cases Based On Chinese Text
Psy 303 Effective Communication / snaptutorial.com
Psy 303 Effective Communication / snaptutorial.com
Final Examination Study GuideI - Community PolicingDefine co.docx
Final Examination Study GuideI - Community PolicingDefine co.docx
Psy 303 Arg Exceptional Education / snaptutorial.com
Psy 303 Arg Exceptional Education / snaptutorial.com
Assignment Details The application of a policing program.docx
Assignment Details The application of a policing program.docx
Effectiveness of Crime Control Measures in Nigeria
Effectiveness of Crime Control Measures in Nigeria
The Perception Of Violence Within The Public Safety Field
The Perception Of Violence Within The Public Safety Field
More from christiandean12115
100 Original WorkZero PlagiarismGraduate Level Writing Required.docx
This document provides instructions for a 1,250- to 1,400-word paper that is due on March 6, 2021. Students must choose between the topics of immigration, drug legislation, or three-strikes sentencing. For the selected topic, students must describe how each branch of the US government (executive, legislative, judicial) participates in the policy. The paper must follow APA formatting guidelines and include at least three peer-reviewed literature references, excluding sources like Wikipedia.
10.11771066480704270150THE FAMILY JOURNAL COUNSELING AND THE.docx
10.1177/1066480704270150THE FAMILY JOURNAL: COUNSELING AND THERAPY FOR COUPLES AND FAMILIES / January 2005Lambert / GAY AND LESBIAN FAMILIES
❖ Literature Review—Research
Gay and Lesbian Families:
What We Know and Where to Go From Here
Serena Lambert
Idaho State University
The author reviewed the research on gay and lesbian parents and
their children. The current body of research has been clear and con-
sistent in establishing that children of gay and lesbian parents are as
psychologically healthy as their peers from heterosexual homes.
However, this comparison approach to research design appears to
have limited the scope of research on gay and lesbian families, leav-
ing much of the experience of these families yet to be investigated.
Keywords: gay men; lesbians; parenting; families
The relationships and family lives of gay and lesbian peo-ple have been the focus of much controversy in the past
decade. The legal and social implications of gay and lesbian
parents appear to have clearly affected the direction that
researchers in the fields of psychology and sociology have
taken in regard to these diverse families. As clinicians, educa-
tors, and researchers, counselors need to be aware of and
involved with issues related to lesbian and gay family life for
several reasons. First, our professional code of ethics charges
us with the ethical responsibility to demonstrate a commit-
ment to gaining knowledge, personal awareness, sensitivity,
and skills significant for working with diverse populations
(American Counseling Association, 1995; International
Association of Marriage and Family Counselors, n.d.). Coun-
selors are also in a unique position to advocate for diverse
clients and families in their communities as well as in their
practices but must possess the knowledge to do so effectively
(Eriksen, 1999). It is believed that work in this area not only
has the potential to affect the lives of our gay and lesbian cli-
ents and their children but also influences developmental and
family theory and informs public policies for the future
(Patterson, 1995, 2000; Savin-Williams & Esterberg, 2000).
This article will review the recent research regarding fami-
lies headed by gay men and lesbians. Studies reviewed in-
clude investigations of gay or lesbian versus homosexual par-
ents, sources of diversity among gay and lesbian parents, and
the personal and sociological development of the children of
gay and lesbian parents. Implications for counselors as well
as directions for future research will also be discussed.
GAY AND LESBIAN PARENTS
How Many Are Out There?
Unfortunately, accurate statistics regarding the numbers
of families headed by gay men and lesbians in our culture are
difficult to determine. Due to fear of discrimination in one or
more aspects of their lives, many gay men and lesbians have
carefully kept their sexual orientation concealed—even from
their own children in some cases (Huggins, 1989). Patterson
(2000) noted that it is es.
10.11771066480703252339 ARTICLETHE FAMILY JOURNAL COUNSELING.docx
10.1177/1066480703252339 ARTICLETHE FAMILY JOURNAL: COUNSELING AND THERAPY FOR COUPLES AND FAMILIES / July 2003Fall, Lyons / ETHICAL CONSIDERATIONS
❖ Ethics
Ethical Considerations of Family Secret
Disclosure and Post-Session Safety Management
Kevin A. Fall
Christy Lyons
Loyola University—New Orleans
The ethical issues involved in the disclosure of family secrets in ther-
apy have been addressed in the literature, but the focus has typically
been on secrets disclosed in individual sessions. The literature
largely ignores the ethical issues surrounding in-session disclosure
and the concomitant liability of the family therapist for the post-ses-
sion well-being of the system’s members. This article explores types
of family secrets, provides a case example of in-session disclosure,
and presents ethical considerations and practice recommendations.
Keywords: family secrets; ethics; confidentiality; abuse; safety
A
family without secrets is like a two-year-old without
tantrums: a rarity. Virtually every family has secrets
involving academic problems, relationship dynamics, or even
various illegalities. Secrets permeate the family system
before therapy begins, but with the introduction of the thera-
pist, the system begins to change. The therapist ideally creates
an environment that challenges the boundaries and rules of
the system; this is the nature of therapy. As a result of the
sense of safety within the session, it is conceivable that a fam-
ily member may disclose information that has been hidden for
a wide variety of reasons. Any unearthing of hidden material
will create a disequilibrium within the system. Family thera-
pists are trained to handle the consequences of such a disclo-
sure in session and ethically lay the groundwork for timely
disclosures. Dealing with this disclosure and its impact on the
system often becomes the primary focus of the therapy, as the
perturbation caused by the disclosure can serve as a catalyst to
reorganize the system.
However, not all information is disclosed at the “perfect
time.” In fact, the idiosyncratic internal sensing of safety by
any member of the family may trigger a disclosure prema-
turely. Secrets are such an omnipresent dynamic in the life of
family systems that it seems unlikely that any family therapist
could avoid untimely disclosures. Even in these unpredict-
able moments, a disclosure creates a disequilibrium that can
be productive in the therapy process as the secret and the pro-
cess of maintaining the secret are worked through in an
atmosphere of trust and safety. The ethical question here is
two-fold: What is the therapist’s responsibility in preparing
the family members for the potential risks of counseling that
may arise from such disclosures, and what is the responsibil-
ity of the family therapist to maintain the safety of the mem-
bers after a disclosure?
Although the International Association of Marriage and
Family Counselors’ (IAMFC).
10.11770022427803260263ARTICLEJOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN CRIME AN.docx
This document summarizes competing theories on whether the perceived risk of punishment deters criminally prone individuals from committing crimes. It discusses three main perspectives: 1) that all individuals are equally deterred regardless of criminal propensity, 2) that criminally prone individuals are less deterred due to their impulsivity and focus on immediate gratification, and 3) that criminally prone individuals are more deterred since socialized individuals act based on moral obligations rather than costs/benefits. The article then analyzes data from a longitudinal study in New Zealand to test the relationship between criminal propensity, perceived punishment risks, and criminal behavior.
10.11770022487105285962Journal of Teacher Education, Vol. 57,.docx
10.1177/0022487105285962Journal of Teacher Education, Vol. 57, No. XX, XXX/XXX 2006Journal of Teacher Education, Vol. 57, No. XX, XXX/XXX 2006
CONSTRUCTING 21st-CENTURY TEACHER EDUCATION
Linda Darling-Hammond
Stanford University
Much of what teachers need to know to be successful is invisible to lay observers, leading to the view
that teaching requires little formal study and to frequent disdain for teacher education programs. The
weakness of traditional program models that are collections of largely unrelated courses reinforce this
low regard. This article argues that we have learned a great deal about how to create stronger, more ef-
fective teacher education programs. Three critical components of such programs include tight coher-
ence and integration among courses and between course work and clinical work in schools, extensive
and intensely supervised clinical work integrated with course work using pedagogies linking theory
and practice, and closer, proactive relationships with schools that serve diverse learners effectively
and develop and model good teaching. Also, schools of education should resist pressures to water
down preparation, which ultimately undermine the preparation of entering teachers, the reputation
of schools of education, and the strength of the profession.
Keywords: field-based experiences; foundations of education; student teaching; supervision; theo-
ries of teacher education
The previous articles have articulated a spectac-
ular array of things that teachers should know
and be able to do in their work. These include
understanding many things about how people
learn and how to teach effectively, including as-
pects of pedagogical content knowledge that in-
corporate language, culture, and community
contexts for learning. Teachers also need to un-
derstand the person, the spirit, of every child
and find a way to nurture that spirit. And they
need the skills to construct and manage class-
room activities efficiently, communicate well,
use technology, and reflect on their practice to
learn from and improve it continually.
The importance of powerful teaching is
increasingly important in contemporary soci-
ety. Standards for learning are now higher than
they have ever been before, as citizens and
workers need greater knowledge and skill to
survive and succeed. Education is increasingly
important to the success of both individuals and
nations, and growing evidence demonstrates
that—among all educational resources—teach-
ers’ abilities are especially crucial contributors
t o s t u d e n t s ’ le a r n i n g . F u r t h e r m o re , t h e
demands on teachers are increasing. Teachers
need not only to be able to keep order and pro-
vide useful information to students but also to
be increasingly effective in enabling a diverse
group of students to learn ever more complex
material. In previous decades, they were
expected to prepare only a small minority for
ambitious intellectual work, whereas they are
now expected to prep.
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10.1177/0011000002250638ARTICLETHE COUNSELING PSYCHOLOGIST / March 2003Westefeld, Heckman-Stone / CRISIS INTERVENTION
• PROFESSIONAL FORUM
The Integrated Problem-Solving
Model of Crisis Intervention:
Overview and Application
John S. Westefeld
The University of Iowa
Carolyn Heckman-Stone
Iowa State University
Crisis intervention is a role that fits exceedingly well with counseling psychologists’
interests and skills. This article provides an overview of a new crisis intervention model,
the Integrated Problem-Solving Model (IPSM), and demonstrates its application to a
specific crisis, sexual assault. It is hoped that this article will encourage counseling psy-
chologists to become more involved in crisis intervention itself as well as in research and
training in this important area.
Recently, significant crisis events (e.g., sexual assaults, school shootings,
terrorist attacks, and other violent crimes) have received major media atten-
tion. This has led, among other things, to an increased interest in this topic as
a subspecialty among human service providers (James & Gilliland, 2001). In
addition, it appears that we live in an increasingly fast-paced and technologi-
cal society in which individuals may be less connected with family and other
positive influences than in the past (Pitcher & Poland, 1992). Mental health
professionals need to be prepared to help society cope with such crises, and
counseling psychologists are particularly well suited for this type of interven-
tion. Coping with life transitions, a major focus of counseling psychology
throughout its history, sometimes involves the successful negotiation of cri-
ses (Brown & Lent, 2000). Counseling psychologists are particularly skilled
in promoting self-enhancement among relatively healthy individuals, which
is often the case in crisis situations. In addition, crisis intervention matches
well with counseling psychologists’ skills at implementing brief, problem-
solving, developmental, educational, and self-empowering intervention
approaches.
Relatively few articles have been published in The Counseling Psycholo-
gist concerning crisis intervention and the role of the counseling psycholo-
221
Correspondence concerning this article should be addressed to John S. Westefeld, Coun-
seling Psychology, 361 Lindquist Center, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242;
e-mail: [email protected]
THE COUNSELING PSYCHOLOGIST, Vol. 31 No. 2, March 2003 221-239
DOI: 10.1177/0011000002250638
© 2003 by the Division of Counseling Psychology.
gist. Indeed, we believe that the field of counseling psychology has not his-
torically seen itself as working extensively in this area. Interestingly, in
1979—more than 20 years ago—Baldwin published an excellent manuscript
in The Counseling Psychologist, wherein he reviewed crisis theory, discussed
types of crises, and described his own stage model of crisis intervention.
Baldwin’s model consisted of the following major steps: catharsis/assess-
m.
10.1 What are three broad mechanisms that malware can use to propa.docx
10.1 What are three broad mechanisms that malware can use to propagate?
10.2 What are four broad categories of payloads that malware may carry?
10.3 What are typical phases of operation of a virus or worm?
10.4 What mechanisms can a virus use to conceal itself?
10.5 What is the difference between machine-executable and macro viruses?
10.6 What means can a worm use to access remote systems to propagate?
10.7 What is a “drive-by-download” and how does it differ from a worm?
10.8 What is a “logic bomb”?
10.9 Differentiate among the following: a backdoor, a bot, a keylogger, spyware, and a rootkit? Can they all be present in the same malware?
10.10 List some of the different levels in a system that a rootkit may use.
10.11 Describe some malware countermeasure elements.
10.12 List three places malware mitigation mechanisms may be located.
10.13 Briefly describe the four generations of antivirus software.
10.14 How does behavior-blocking software work?
10.15 What is a distributed denial-of-service system?
.
10.0 ptsPresentation of information was exceptional and included.docx
10.0 pts
Presentation of information was exceptional and included all of the following elements: Identifies the role of concept analysis within theory development. Identifies the selected nursing concept. Identifies the nursing theory from which the selected concept was obtained. A nursing theory was used. Identifies the sections of the paper. Scholarly support from nursing literature was provided.
9.0 pts
Presentation of information was good, but was superficial in places and included all of the following elements: Identifies the role of concept analysis within theory development. Identifies the selected nursing concept. Identifies the nursing theory from which the selected concept was obtained. A nursing theory was used. Identifies the sections of the paper. Scholarly support from nursing literature was provided.
8.0 pts
Presentation of information was minimally demonstrated in the all of the following elements: Identifies the role of concept analysis within theory development. Identifies the selected nursing concept. Identifies the nursing theory from which the selected concept was obtained. A nursing theory was used. Identifies the sections of the paper. Limited scholarly support from nursing literature was provided.
4.0 pts
Presentation of information in one or two of the following elements fails to meet expectations: Identifies the role of concept analysis within theory development. Identifies the selected nursing concept. Identifies the nursing theory from which the selected concept was obtained. A nursing theory was used. Identifies the sections of the paper. Limited or no scholarly support from nursing literature was provided.
0.0 pts
Presentation of information is unsatisfactory in three or more of the following elements: Identifies the role of concept analysis within theory development. Identifies the selected nursing concept. Identifies the nursing theory from which the selected concept was obtained. A nursing theory was used. Identifies the sections of the paper. Limited or no scholarly support from nursing literature was provided.
10.0 pts
This criterion is linked to a Learning Outcome Definition/Explanation of Selected Concept
25.0 pts
Presentation of information was exceptional and included all of the following elements: Defines/explains the concept using scholarly literature (a dictionary maybe used for this section ONLY, and additional scholarly nursing references are required). Provides support from scholarly sources.
22.0 pts
Presentation of information was good, but was superficial in places and included all of the following elements: Defines/explains the concept using scholarly literature (a dictionary maybe used for this section ONLY, and additional scholarly nursing references are required). Provides support from scholarly sources.
20.0 pts
Presentation of information was minimally demonstrated in the all of the following elements: Defines/explains the concept using scholarly literature (a dictionary maybe used for thi.
10-K1f12312012-10k.htm10-KUNITED STATESSECURIT.docx
10-K
1
f12312012-10k.htm
10-K
UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, DC 20549
FORM 10-K
(Mark One)
R
Annual report pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934
For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2012
or
o
Transition report pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934
For the transition period from __________ to __________
Commission file number 1-3950
Ford Motor Company
(Exact name of Registrant as specified in its charter)
Delaware
38-0549190
(State of incorporation)
(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)
One American Road, Dearborn, Michigan
48126
(Address of principal executive offices)
(Zip Code)
313-322-3000
(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
Title of each class
Name of each exchange on which registered*
Common Stock, par value $.01 per share
New York Stock Exchange
__________
* In addition, shares of Common Stock of Ford are listed on certain stock exchanges in Europe.
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: None.
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes R No o
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act. Yes o No R
Indicate by check mark if the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes R No o
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes R No o
Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K (§229.405 of this chapter) is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of registrant’s knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K. R
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See definitions of "large accelerated filer," "accelerated filer," and "smaller reporting company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. Large accelerated filer R Accelerated filer o Non-accelerated filer o Smaller reporting company o
Indicate by check mark whether the registra.
10-K 1 f12312012-10k.htm 10-K UNITED STATESSECURITIES AN.docx
10-K 1 f12312012-10k.htm 10-K
UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, DC 20549
FORM 10-K
(Mark One)
R Annual report pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934
For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2012
or
o Transition report pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934
For the transition period from __________ to __________
Commission file number 1-3950
Ford Motor Company
(Exact name of Registrant as specified in its charter)
Delaware 38-0549190
(State of incorporation) (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)
One American Road, Dearborn, Michigan 48126
(Address of principal executive offices) (Zip Code)
313-322-3000
(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
Title of each class Name of each exchange on which registered*
Common Stock, par value $.01 per share New York Stock Exchange
__________
* In addition, shares of Common Stock of Ford are listed on certain stock exchanges in Europe.
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: None.
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act.
Yes R No o
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act.
Yes o No R
Indicate by check mark if the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities
Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such
reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes R No o
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any,
every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this
Page 1 of 216F 12.31.2012- 10K
3/7/2019https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/37996/000003799613000014/f12312012-10k.htm
chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such
files). Yes R No o
Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K (§229.405 of this chapter)
is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of registrant’s knowledge, in definitive proxy or information
statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K. R
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a
smaller reporting company. See definitions of "large accelerated filer," "accelerated filer," and "smaller reporting company" in
Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. Large accelerated filer R Accelerated filer .
10 What does a golfer, tennis player or cricketer (or any othe.docx
10 What does a golfer, tennis player or cricketer (or any other professional sportsperson) focus on to achieve high performance? They nearly always give the same answer: “Repeat my process (that is the process they have practised a million times) – replicate it under real pressure and trust in my ability” That’s why Matthew Lloyd throws the grass up under the roof at Etihad Stadium. It is why Ricky Ponting taps the bat, looks down,
looks up and mouths “watch the ball”. It’s
unnecessary for Matthew Lloyd to toss the
grass. There’s no wind under the roof – it’s
simply a routine that enables him to replicate
his process under pressure.
Ricky Pointing knows you have to watch the
ball. Ponting wants the auto pilot light in his
brain to fl ick on as he mutters “watch the ball”.
High performance in sport is achieved through focusing on your
processes, not the scores.
It is absolutely no different in local government. Our business
is governance and we need to be focusing very hard on our
governance processes. We need to learn these processes, modify
them when necessary, understand them deeply, repeat them
under pressure and trust in our capabilities to deliver. If we do
that, the scores will look after themselves.
I want to share with you my ten most important elements in
the governance process. Let me fi rst say that good governance is
the set of processes, protocols, rules, relationships and behaviours
which lead to consistently good decisions. In the end good
governance is good decisions. You could make lots of good
decisions without good governance. But you will eventually
run out of luck – eventually, bad governance process will lead
to bad decisions. Consistently good decisions come from good
governance processes and practices.
Good governance is not only a prerequisite for consistently
good decisions, it is almost the sole determinant of your
reputation. The way you govern, the ‘vibe’ in the community
and in the local paper about the way you govern is almost the
sole determinant of your reputation. Believe me, if reputation
matters to you, then drive improvements through good
governance.
So here are the ten core elements:
1. THE COUNCIL PLAN
An articulate council plan is a fundamental fi rst step to achieving
your goals. It is your set of promises to your community for a
four-year term.
Unfortunately, there are too many wrong plans:
• Claytons Plans – say too little and are too bland. Delete the
name of the council from these plans and you can’t tell whose
it is! There’s no ‘vibe’ at all.
• Agreeable Plans – where everyone gets their bit in the plan.
There’s no sense of priorities, everyone agrees with everything
in the plan and we save all the real fi ghts and confl icts to be
fought out one by one over the four-year term.
• Opposition-creating Plans – we don’t do this so often but we
sometimes ‘use the numbers’ to enable the dominant group of
councillors to achieve their goals and fail to a.
10 September 2018· Watch video· Take notes withfor students.docx
10 September 2018
· Watch video
· Take notes with/for students
Zeynep Tufekci TED Talk
“We’re building a dystopia just to make people click on ads”
https://www.ted.com/talks/zeynep_tufekci_we_re_building_a_dystopia_just_to_make_people_click_on_ads?referrer=playlist-the_race_for_your_attention
Keywords from first half
· persuasion architecture
· Algorithms
· Dark posts
· Data brokers
FIRST HALF OF TALK
Profiling people – individual profiles
· AI is tailor-making “ads” for individual
Algorithms – Picking up on human behaviors
· No one (no person) understands the algorithms. But artificial intelligence does, i.e., Facebook and Google
Like taking a cross-section of the brain, and no one knows what she is thinking.
· Only the AI (artificial intelligence) knows.
Artificial Intelligence means
· Internet and technology
· Means that computers can use algorithms and “big data” to learn about an individual
· Facebook and Google, examples of using “persuasion architecture”
Her example of “selling plane tickets to Las Vegas”
· Mania and bipolar people
SECOND HALF OF TALK
“Dark posts”
· Targeting people
· They are not doing public posts; individualized
Good persuasion architecture makes a company successful
· Two parts: Facebook has it; a company can buy it.
Information/news is individualized so that people don’t have the same knowledge or news.
Persuades your political views; who to vote for or not.
· They are not considering your opinion; they are trying to give you an opinion
· Because of a lack of transparency, voters don’t know who are persuading them
Facebook algorithms does not show posts in time order but algorithms selecting which ones to see
· Posts are affecting you emotionally
Reforming the internet/technology?
· We need to take control of the technology, so that information is transparent.
· We need to re-structure the “business model.”
· We should restrict algorithms. For example, not apply algorithms to politicians
· Do not offer data from algorithms to the highest bidder/the biggest company
Week 4
Uniform Crime Report (UCR)
Performance Task
Assignment #1
Quick Links
SCENARIO
TASK
RUBRIC
DOCUMENT LIBRARY
CRJ 105 – Crime and Criminal Behavior
© 2017 Strayer University. All Rights Reserved. This document contains Strayer University Confidential and Proprietary information and may
not be copied, further distributed, or otherwise disclosed in whole or in part, without the expressed written permission of Strayer University.
Page 2 of 14
Scenario
In June of 2016 you begin your first week as an intern at the Happy Town Police Department. As
an intern, you develop a good rapport with Police Chief Rodney Hurt.
On the second week of your internship you begin to ask questions (of the police officers you
have been working with at the department) concerning the Uniform Crime Rate. You tell them
you are taking a class at Strayer University and are interested in gaining a better understanding
of.
10 Research-Based Tips for Enhancing Literacy Instruct.docx
10 Research-Based Tips
for Enhancing Literacy
Instruction for Students
With Intellectual
Disability
Christopher J. Lemons, Jill H. Allor, Stephanie Al Otaiba,
and Lauren M. LeJeune
Literacy
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by guest on October 20, 2016tcx.sagepub.comDownloaded from
http://tcx.sagepub.com/
TEACHING EXCEPTIONAL CHILDREN | SEPTEMBER/OCTOBER 2016 19
In the past 2 decades, researchers
(often working closely with parents,
teachers, and other school staff
members) have conducted studies that
have substantially increased
understanding how to effectively teach
children and adolescents with
intellectual disability (ID) to read. This
research focus has been fueled by
increased societal expectations for
individuals with ID, advocacy efforts,
and legislative priorities (e.g.,
strengthened accountability standards).
Findings from this body of work
indicate that children and adolescents
with ID can obtain higher levels of
reading achievement than previously
anticipated (Allor, Mathes, Roberts,
Cheatham, & Al Otaiba, 2014). Recent
research also suggests that the historic
focus on functional reading (e.g., signs,
restaurant words) for this population of
learners is likely too limited of a focus
for many (Browder et al., 2009).
Research outcomes suggest that
integrating components of traditional
reading instruction (e.g., phonics,
phonemic awareness) into programs
for students with ID will lead to
increases in independent reading skills
for many (Allor, Al Otaiba, Ortiz, &
Folsom, 2014). These increased reading
abilities are likely to lead to greater
postsecondary outcomes, including
employment, independence, and
quality of life. Unfortunately, many
teachers remain unsure of how to best
design and deliver reading intervention
for students with ID.
We offer a set of 10 research-based
tips for special education teachers,
general education teachers, and other
members of IEP teams to consider when
planning literacy instruction for students
with ID in order to maximize student
outcomes. For each tip, we describe our
rationale for the recommendation and
provide implementation guidance. Our
Literacy Instruction and Support
Planning Tool can be used by team
members to organize information to
guide planning. Our aim is to provide
educators and IEP team members with a
framework for reflecting on current
reading practices in order to make
research-based adjustments that are
likely to improve student outcomes.
The Conceptual Model of Literacy
Browder and colleagues (2009) proposed
a conceptual model for early literacy
instruction for students with severe
developmental disabilities. We believe
their framework provides guidance for
designing and delivering literacy
instruction for all students wit.
10 Strategic Points for the Prospectus, Proposal, and Direct Pract.docx
10 Strategic Points for the Prospectus, Proposal, and Direct Practice Improvement Project
Week Two Assignment Instructions DNP 820
Please read the instructions thoroughly
Tutor MUST have a good command of the English language
The Rubric must be followed, and all the requirements met
This is a thorough professor, and she has strict requirements
I have attached the PICOT and the first 10 points (DNP 815) assignment. This is a continuation of that assignment. Please read the attachments
The following needs to be addressed:
Please note the followings: The introduction and the literature review are complete and thorough. The problem statement is written clearly PICOT is clear and very good Sample:
· How will you determine the sample size?
· What are the inclusion/exclusion criteria of the subjects? Methodology: Why is the selected methodology is appropriate? Please justify!
· Data collection approach needs to be clear. How will you collect your data? What is needed here is to describe the process of collecting data form signing the informed consent until completing the measuring.
· Data analysis-What test will you use to answer your research question?
Clinical/PICOT Questions:
“In adult patients with CVC at a Clear Lake Regional Medical Center, does interventional staff education about hub hygiene provided to RN’s who access the CVC impact CLABSI rates compared to standard care over a one-month period?”
P: Patients with Central Venous Catheters
I: Staff re-education related to Hygiene of the hub
C: Other hospitals
O: Reduce probability of CLABSIs
T: Two months
“In Patients > 65 years of age with central line catheters at a Clear Lake Regional Medical Center, how does staff training of key personnel and reinforcement of central line catheter hub hygiene after its insertion, along with the apt cleansing of the insertion site, before every approach compared with other area hospitals, reduce the incidence of CLABSIs (Central Line Associated Blood-stream Infections) over a one-month period?”
P: Patients > 65 years of age with a Central line
I: Staff training and reinforcement of Central Catheter, Hub Hygiene
C: Other area hospitals
O: Reduce probability of CLABSIs
“In adult patients, with define CVC (CVC), does interventional staff education about hub hygiene provided to RN’s who access the CVC impact CLABSI rates compared to pre and post-intervention assessments
1. I used central Missouri as an example, replace with a description of your site.
2. While you might be interested in CLASBI rates as a primary variable, there are other patient outcomes that would also be important to consider
3. Ensure you can find validity and reliability measures on CLASBI rates if you cannot, we need to determine another question to help
4. How are your two comparison groups different, as they are currently stated the groups seem very much the same, could you state, standard care instead of pre and post intervention assessments?
5. One month is the longe.
10 Most Common Err.docx
10 Most Common Errors in Suicide Assessment/Intervention
Robert Neimeyer & Angela Pfeiffer
1. Avoidance of Strong Feelings – Diverting discussions away from powerful, intense
emotion and toward a more abstract or intellectualized exchange. These responses keep
interactions on a purely cognitive level and prevent exploration of the more profound
feelings of distress, which may hold the key to successful treatment. Do not retreat to
professionalism, advice-giving, or passivity when faced with intense depression, grief, or
fear.
• Do not analyze and ask why they feel that way.
• USE empathy! “With all the hurt you’ve been experiencing it must be impossible
to hold those tears in.”
• Tears and sobbing are often met with silence of tangential issues instead of
putting into words what the client is mutely expressing: “With all the pain you’re
feeling, it must be impossible to hold those tears in.”
• “I don’t think anyone really cares whether I live or die.” Helpers often shift to
discussing why/asking questions as opposed to reflecting emotional content.
2. Superficial Reassurance – trivial responses to clients’ expressions of acute distress and
hopelessness can do more harm than good. Rather than reassuring clients, these responses
risk alienating them and deepening their feelings of being isolated in their distress.
• Attempts to emphasize more positive or optimistic aspects of the situation: “But
you’re so young and have so much to live for!”
• Premature offering of a prepackaged meaning for the client’s difficulties: “Well
life works in mysterious ways. Maybe this is life’s way of challenging you.”
• Directly contradicting the client’s protest of anguish: “Things can’t be all that
bad.”
3. Professionalism – Insulating or protecting by distancing and detaching from the brutal,
exhausting realities of clients’ lives by seeking refuge in the comfortable boundaries of role
definition. The exaggerated air of objectivity/disinterest implies a hierarchical relationship,
which may disempower the client. Although intended to put a person at ease, this can come
across as disinterest or hierarchical. Empathy is a more facilitative response.
• “My thoughts are so awful I could never tell anyone” is often met with, “You can
tell me. I’m a professional” as opposed to the riskier, empathic reply.
4. Inadequate Assessment of Suicidal Intent – Implicit negation of suicide threat by
responding to indirect and direct expressions of risk with avoidance or reassurance rather
than a prompt assessment of the level of intent, planning, and lethality. Most common
among physicians and master’s level counselors – due to time pressures, personal theories
or discomfort with intense feelings.
• What they’ve been thinking, For how long, Specific plans/means, Previous
attempts
1
• “There’s nowhere left to turn” and “I’d be better off dead” should be met with
“You sound so miserable. Are y.
10 Introduction Ask any IT manager about the chall.docx
10
Introduction
Ask any IT manager about the challenges in conveying IT risks in terms of business risks, or
about translating business goals into IT goals. It’s a common difficulty, as the worlds of business
and IT do not inherently align. This lack of alignment was unresolved until ISACA developed a
framework called COBIT, first released in 1996. ISACA is an IT professionals’ association
centered on auditing and IT governance. This lab will focus on the COBIT framework. The lab
uses the latest two versions: COBIT 4.1, which is currently the most implemented version, and
COBIT 5, which is the latest version released in June 2012.
Because COBIT 4.1 is freely available at the time of this writing, the lab uses this version to
present handling of risk management. Presentation is done making use of a set of COBIT control
objectives called P09. COBIT P09’s purpose is to guide the scope of risk management for an IT
infrastructure. The COBIT P09 risk management controls help organize the identified risks,
threats, and vulnerabilities, enabling you to manage and remediate them. This lab will also
present how COBIT shifts from the term “control objectives” to a set of principles and enablers
in version 5.
In this lab, you will define COBIT P09, you will describe COBIT P09’s six control objectives,
you will explain how the threats and vulnerabilities align to the definition for the assessment and
management of risks, and you will use COBIT P09 to determine the scope of risk management
for an IT infrastructure.
Learning Objectives
Upon completing this lab, you will be able to:
Define what COBIT (Control Objectives for Information and related Technology) P09 risk
management is for an IT infrastructure.
Describe COBIT P09’s six control objectives that are used as benchmarks for IT risk
assessment and risk management.
Explain how threats and vulnerabilities align to the COBIT P09 risk management definition
for the assessment and management of IT risks.
Use the COBIT P09 controls as a guide to define the scope of risk management for an IT
infrastructure.
Apply the COBIT P09 controls to help organize the identified IT risks, threats, and
vulnerabilities.
Lab #2 Aligning Risks, Threats, and Vulnerabilities to
COBIT P09 Risk Management Controls
11
Copyright © 2015 by Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC, an Ascend Learning Company. All rights reserved.
www.jblearning.com Student Lab Manual
Deliverables
Upon completion of this lab, you are required to provide the following deliverables to your
instructor:
1. Lab Report file;
2. Lab Assessments file.
12 | LAB #2 Aligning Risks, Threats, and Vulnerabilities to COBIT P09 Risk
Management Controls
Hands-On Steps
Note:
This is a paper-based lab. To successfully complete the deliverables for this lab, you will need access to Microsoft®
Word or another compatible word processor. For some labs, you may also need access to a.
10 Customer Acquisition and Relationship ManagementDmitry .docx
10 Customer Acquisition and Relationship Management
Dmitry Kalinovsky/iStock/Thinkstock
Patronage by loyal customers yields 65 percent of a typical business’ volume.
—American Management Association
Learning Objectives
After reading this chapter, you should be able to do the following:
• Identify how organizational growth is best achieved by an HCO, and state the effect of the product life cycle
on an organization’s revenues.
• Discuss several approaches that an HCO can use to attract new customers, or patients.
• Delineate the premises upon which customer relationship management is based.
• Explain the advantages of database marketing, and identify ways for an organization to use a marketing
database.
• Provide examples of how an HCO can effectively manage real and virtual customer interactions.
Section 10.1Organizational Growth
Introduction
This chapter focuses on how to attract and keep patients through understanding and meeting
their needs. The long-term success of an HCO depends on its ability to attract new patients
and turn them into loyal customers who not only return for needed services, but recommend
the HCO’s services to others. This is especially important because of the nature of the life cycle
for products and services, from their introduction to their decline. Attracting new customers
and keeping existing ones involves interacting internally and externally with patients, analyz-
ing data on current patients, and managing real and virtual interactions with patients. Manag-
ing relationships with patients helps to ensure that patients stay informed and feel connected
to the HCO through its internal and external customer relationship efforts.
10.1 Organizational Growth
Most organizations have growth as a basic goal. Growth means an increase in revenue and
a greater impact on the communities served. Growth also creates opportunities for staff to
advance and take on new responsibilities. While many activities can help an HCO grow, the
most important is the development of an effective marketing plan to provide a consistent
platform for the organization’s visibility and to brand the HCO as an attractive option for
medical services. The development of an effective marketing plan was stressed in Chapter 8
as a basic marketing need for an HCO: that is, to inform new and existing customers of the
organization’s services and to persuade them to continue using or to try using these services.
Product/Service Life Cycles
Like people, products and services have a life cycle. The term product life cycle refers to the
stages that a product or service goes through from the time it is introduced until it is taken
off the market or “dies.” The stages of the product life cycle, illustrated in Figure 10.1, usually
include the following descriptions:
• Introduction—The stage of researching, developing, and launching the product or
service.
• Growth—The stage when revenues are increasing at a fast rate.
• M.
10 ELEMENTS OF LITERATURE (FROM A TO Z) 1 PLOT (seri.docx
10 ELEMENTS OF LITERATURE (FROM A TO Z)
1 PLOT (series of events which make-up a story)
A 5-POINT PLOT SEQUENCE:
Exposition: initial part of a story where readers are exposed to setting and characters.
Situation: event in the story which kicks the action forward and begs for an outcome.
Complication: difficulties faced by characters as they experience internal and external conflicts.
Climax: watershed moment when it becomes apparent that major conflicts will be resolved.
Resolution: (Denouement): tying up of the loose ends of the story.
B SUB-PLOTS: PLOTS BENEATH AND AROUND THE MAJOR PLOT.
Foreshadowing: hints and clues of plot.
Flashback: portion of a plot when a character relives a past experience.
Frame story: plot which begins in the present, quickly goes to the past for story, then returns.
Episodic plot: a large plot sequence that is made up of a series of minor plot sequences.
Plausibility: likelihood that certain events within a plot can occur.
Soap Opera: multiple stories told along the sequence and spaced to sustain continual interest.
2 POINT OF VIEW (eyes through which a story is told)
C First Person major (participant major): narrator is the major character in the story.
First Person minor (participant minor): narrator is a minor character in the story.
Third Person omniscient (non-participant omniscient): narrator is outside the story and capable of
seeing into the heart, mind and motivations of all characters.
Third Person limited (non-participant limited): narrator is outside the story and capable of seeing, at
most, into the heart, mind, and motivations of one character. Narrator is
objective if not omniscient.
3 SETTING (time and place of a story, both physical and psychological)
D Physical (external) Setting: the time and place of a story, general and specific.
Psychological (internal) Setting: mood, tone, and temper of story.
E Major Tempers: Romanticism: man is free to choose against moral, spiritual backdrops. If you make
good decisions, you will be rewarded. There is a God that is in control
Existentialism: man is free to choose absent backdrops other than his own. If he feels it is right, then it is
right.
Naturalism: man is largely trapped, a cog in the impersonal machinery. He has no real way of
changing his circumstances.
Realism: eclectic view, but leaning toward the naturalistic position. Sometimes good things happen to
bad people, and sometimes bad things happen to good people. That is just the way it is.
F Other Tempers: Classicism: Man is free, but appears to be trapped due to conflicting codes.
Transcendentalism: Offshoot of romanticism, nature is a window to divine.
Nihilism: Fallout of either extreme existentialism or naturalism. Life is horrible and painful. It
lacks meaning.
4 CONFLICT (nature of the problems faced)
G Four Universal Conflicts: Person versus self
Pe.
10 ers. Although one can learn definitions favor- able to .docx
10
ers. Although one can learn definitions favor-
able to crime from law-abiding individuals,
one is most likely to learn such definitions
fiom delinquent friends or criminal family
A Theory of sociation members. with These delinquent studies typically others find is the that best as-
Differential predictor of crime, and that these delinquent others partly influence crime by leading the
individual to adopt beliefs conducive to
Association crime (see Agnew, 2000; Akers, 1998; Akers and Sellers, 2004; Waw, 2001 for summaries
of such studies).
Sutherland 's theory has also inspired
Edwin H. Sutherland dnd much additional theorizing in criminology.
Theorists have attempted to better describe
Donald R. Cressey the nature ofthose definitions favorable to vi-
olation of the law (see the next selection in
Chapter 11 by Sykes and Matza). They have
Before Sutherland developed his theory, attempted to better describe the processes by
crime was usually explained in t e r n ofmul- which we learn criminal behavior from oth-
tiple factors-like social class, broken homes, ers (see the description o f social learning the-
age, race, urban or rural location, and mental ory by Akers in Chapter 12). And they have
disorder. Sutherland developed his theory of drawn on Sutherland in an effort to explain
differential association in an effort to explain group differences in crime rates (see the Wolf-
why these various factors were related to gang and Ferracuti and Anderson selections
crime. In doing so, he hoped to organize and in this part). Sutherland's theory o f differen-
integrate the research on crime u p to that tial association, then, is one of the enduring
point, as well as to guide future research. classics in criminology (for excellent discus-
Sutherlandk theory is stated in the f o m o f sions ofthe current state o f differential asso-
nine propositions. He argues that criminal ciation theory, see Matsueda, 1988, and Waw,
behavior is learned by interacting with oth- 2001).
ers, especially intimate others. Criminals
learn both the techniques of committing
crime and the definitions favorable to crime References
from these others. The s k t h proposition> Agnew Robe*. '2000. "Sources of Mminality:
which f o r n the heart of the theory, states Strain and Subcultural Theories." In Joseph F.
that 'h person becomes delinquent because of Sheley (ed.), Criminology: A Contemporary ,
an excess of definitions favorable to law vio- Handbook, 3rd edition, pp. 349-371. Belmont,
lation over definitions unfavorable to viola- CA: Wadsworth.
tion oflaw."According to Sutherland, factors Akers, Ronald L. 1998. Social Learning and So-
such as social class, race, and broken homes cia1 Structure: A General Theory of Crime and
influence crime because they affect the likeli- Deviance. Boston: Northeastern University
hood that individuals willdssociate with oth- Press.
ers who present definitions favorable to Akers, Ronal.
10 academic sources about the topic (Why is America so violent).docx
10 academic sources about the topic (Why is America so violent?)
*Address all 10 academic sources in the literature review
*What have they added to the literature?
*End literature review with "What has not been addressed is.... "and with "What I'm Addressing....." (I am addressing that overpopulation is the main reason America is so violent).
*Literature review should be a minimum of 2-2 1/2 pages
Attached are my 10 academic sources.
.
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