The document outlines the agenda for a class, including an in-class writing assignment on essay #3. Students will write an introduction with a directed summary, thesis statement, three body paragraphs in two sections, a counterargument paragraph, and conclusion. They will also discuss terms from a list and the author David Henry Hwang, who wrote the play M. Butterfly.
Presentation by Christopher Fahey (http://www.behaviordesign.com & http://www.graphpaper.com) about the history and uses of "style" as a component of design innovation, specifically with respect to interaction design.
Writing the Persuasive Essay What is a persuasiveargum.docxambersalomon88660
Writing the Persuasive Essay
What is a persuasive/argument essay?
In persuasive writing, a writer takes a position FOR or AGAINST an issue and writes to
convince the reader to believe or do something
Persuasive writing, also known as the argument essay, utilizes logic and reason to show that
one idea is more legitimate than another idea. It attempts to persuade a reader to adopt a
certain point of view or to take a particular action. The argument must always use sound
reasoning and solid evidence by stating facts, giving logical reasons, using examples, and
quoting experts.
When planning a persuasive essay, follow these steps
1. Choose your position. Which side of the issue or problem are you going to write about,
and what solution will you offer? Know the purpose of your essay.
2. Analyze your audience. Decide if your audience agrees with you, is neutral, or
disagrees with your position.
3. Research your topic. A persuasive essay must provide specific and convincing
evidence. Often it is necessary to go beyond your own knowledge and experience. You
might need to go to the library or interview people who are experts on your topic.
4. Structure your essay. Figure out what evidence you will include and in what order you
will present the evidence. Remember to consider your purpose, your audience, and
your topic.
The following criteria are essential to produce an effective argument
• Be well informed about your topic. To add to your knowledge of a topic, read
thoroughly about it, using legitimate sources. Take notes.
• Test your thesis. Your thesis, i.e., argument, must have two sides. It must be
debatable. If you can write down a thesis statement directly opposing your own, you
will ensure that your own argument is debatable.
• Disprove the opposing argument. Understand the opposite viewpoint of your position
and then counter it by providing contrasting evidence or by finding mistakes and
inconsistencies in the logic of the opposing argument.
• Support your position with evidence. Remember that your evidence must appeal to
reason.
Parts of the Persuasive Essay
1. The Introduction
The introduction has a "hook or grabber" to catch the reader's attention. Some
"grabbers" include:
1. Opening with an unusual detail: (Manitoba, because of its cold climate, is not thought of as
a great place to be a reptile. Actually, it has the largest seasonal congregation of garter
snakes in the world!)
2. Opening with a strong statement: (Cigarettes are the number one cause of lighter sales in
Canada!)
3. Opening with a Quotation: (Elbert Hubbard once said , "Truth is stronger than fiction.")
4. Opening with an Anecdote: An anecdote can provide an amusing and attention-getting
opening if it is short and to the point.
5. Opening with a Statistic or Fact: Sometimes a statistic or fact will add emphasis or interest
to your topic. It may be wise to include the item's .
1 How to Write a Analytical Essay Writing an analyti.docxhoney725342
1
How to Write a Analytical Essay
Writing an analytical essay can seem daunting, especially if you've never done it before. Don't
worry! Take a deep breath, buy yourself a caffeinated beverage, and follow these steps to create
a well-crafted analytical essay.
What do you want to analyze?
Your analysis must have the following four sections:
Introduction
Summary
Analysis
Conclusion (optional)
Part 1: Prewriting your essay
1. Understand the objective of an analytical essay. An analytical essay means you will
need to present some type of argument, or claim, about what you are analyzing. Most
often you will have to analyze another piece of writing or a film, but you could also be
asked to analyze an issue, or an idea. To do this, you must break the topic down into parts
and provide evidence, either from the text/film or from your own research, that supports
your claim.
For example, "Stanley Kubrick's The Shining uses a repeating motif of Native American
culture and art to comment on America's history of colonizing Native Americans' lands" is an
analytical thesis. It is analyzing a particular text and setting forth an argument about it in the
form of a thesis statement.
2. Decide what to write about. If you are writing this for a class, your teacher will
generally assign you a topic (or topics) to write about. Read the prompt carefully. What is
the prompt asking you to do? However, sometimes you will have to come up with your
own topic.
If you're writing an analytical essay about a work of fiction, you could focus your
argument on what motivates a specific character or group of characters. Or, you could
argue why a certain line or paragraph is central to the work as a whole. For example:
Explore the concept of vengeance in the epic poem Beowulf.
If you're writing about a historical event, try focusing on the forces that contributed to
what happened.
If you're writing about scientific research or findings, analyze your results.
2
3. Brainstorm. You may not immediately know what your thesis statement should be, even
once you've chosen your topic. That's okay! Doing some brainstorming can help you
discover what you think about your topic. Consider it from as many angles as you can.
[2]
Look for repeated imagery, metaphors, phrases, or ideas. Things that repeat are often
important. See if you can decipher why these things are so crucial. Do they repeat in the
same way each time, or differently?
How does the text work? If you're writing a rhetorical analysis, for example, you might
analyze how the author uses logical appeals to support her argument and decide whether
you think the argument is effective. If you're analyzing a creative work, consider things
like imagery, visuals in a film, etc. If you're analyzing research, you may want to
consider the methods and results and analyze whether the experiment is a good design.
A mind map can be hel ...
AsAm 308 Guidelines for the Final Project Outline 1 P.docxdavezstarr61655
AsAm 308 Guidelines for the Final Project Outline 1
Prepare an OUTLINE for your Argumentative Final Project Essay. Distributed March 22, 2018
Submission due at Titanium Assignments by Friday, April 6, 12pm (noon).
Suggested Length: 1 page, single-spaced
Note: This handout is adapted from one by historian and Harvard professor Jill Lepore.
By your project thinking and writing, you can engage and practice making a contribution toward
our course objectives --
This course takes Asian women living in the US as the focus of analyses of identity,
culture, and political economy. We will examine works by and about Asian American
women from multiple disciplines, in order to elucidate how Asian American women
have been represented and treated as the objects of history and culture, as well as
how Asian American women in turn shape these forces. By exploring the areas of
immigration and settlement, social stereotyping, identity construction, family,
community, labor, organized resistance, and cultural production, we will attempt to
answer questions such as: Who are “Asian American women”? What are the
commonalities and differences of racialization, gender, class, sexuality, language and
culture that delineate this category? How do Asian American women negotiate the
complexities of multiple identities and positions of their lived experiences, both in the
United States and transnational spaces?
Requirement 1: What am I going to argue? This is my THESIS.
An argumentative or persuasive piece of writing must begin with a debatable thesis or claim. In other words, the
thesis must be something that people could reasonably have differing opinions on. If your thesis is something that is
generally agreed upon or accepted as fact then there is no reason to try to persuade people.
__ In general, your thesis statement should be 1-2 sentences long and should be found at the end
of your first paragraph (or occasionally your second paragraph).
Requirement 2: A Well-Organized Body
The body of the paper is where you flesh out your thesis and present your evidence. Most people
find it helpful to outline before beginning to write. It is important that you move logically from
point to point as you move from paragraph to paragraph.
__ Present each of your paragraphs and its central idea.
This central idea is generally expressed in a topic sentence which is usually the first or second sentence in a
paragraph. Many people find it helpful to string their topic sentences together after completing an essay. This
should produce a coherent paragraph beginning with your thesis statement.
! What sequence of evidence best supports your claims?
! How and where will you engage both with what other scholars have written about your
subject, or broader interpretations about his period in history, or with theories about the
past, or historical forces?
! Are there counter-arguments that you haven’t considered?
* T.
Directions This may be done table format. APA format is requ.docxcuddietheresa
Directions: This may be done table format. APA format is required whichever format you choose. A title page, running head, page numbers and three references are required.
A. Identify the normal values for each of the following labs. Consider normal values across gender, race, and age, and pregnancy status, when applicable.
B. Identify clinical indications for obtaining the following labs.
1. List when indicated for routine screens if applicable (for example,the USPSTF recommends screening for chlamydia in sexually active women age 24 years and younger and in older women who are at increased risk for infection, or TSH screening is indicated for newborns. Indications for screening can also include risk factors. For example, ordering cholesterol levels on a patient with HTN or DM.
2. Besides screening,list 1-3 clinical indications for ordering the lab. For example, clinical indications of WBC include
Fever with associated symptoms, weight loss, bone pain with fever, etc.
C. Identify conditions associated with abnormal LOW levels of each of the following labs (if applicable)
D. Identify conditions associated with abnormal HIGH levels of each of the following labs (if applicable)
One good resources for screening recommendations is:
https://www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/BrowseRec/Index/browse-recommendations
1. Components on a Comprehensive Metabolic Panel such as (but not limited to) sodium, chloride, potassium, glucose, CO2, Magnesium, Phosphorus, Calcium
2. Renal Function Tests: Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN), Creatinine, BUN/Cr Ratio, Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR)
3. Thyroid Function Tests
TSH, Free T4
4. Toxicology
Salicylate toxicity, Acetaminophen, Urine Drug Screen, Blood Alcohol, Carbon Monoxide (CO)
5. For your last category of test. Report screening indications for the chosen test, and some clinical indications for ordering them, normal values/results, and S/Sx associated with high/low or abnormal values when applicable
a. Mammography
On Writing an Ethical Argument Evaluation Paper (PHIL 302)
Topic is Racism between social Classes
Before you begin writing, it is crucial to pick a subject, topic, or a specific argument that interests you. Your paper will be a critical evaluation of the soundness of an argument. If you already have an argument, then you can go on to the next step. If not, you may choose to discuss one from an author you have read, or you may formulate your own. In some courses, you may consider a case study for your paper. In that case you will formulate an argument that purports to defend a resolution to the case. You should note that it is not crucial that you pick an argument with which you agree. It is about equally difficult (or easy) to write a paper opposing an argument as it is to write one supporting it, so you should probably choose an argument that is interesting first.
Your paper will have seven parts:
I. Introduction
II. Position
III. Argument
IV. Justification
A. V ...
New Directions in Targeted Therapeutic Approaches for Older Adults With Mantl...i3 Health
i3 Health is pleased to make the speaker slides from this activity available for use as a non-accredited self-study or teaching resource.
This slide deck presented by Dr. Kami Maddocks, Professor-Clinical in the Division of Hematology and
Associate Division Director for Ambulatory Operations
The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, will provide insight into new directions in targeted therapeutic approaches for older adults with mantle cell lymphoma.
STATEMENT OF NEED
Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a rare, aggressive B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) accounting for 5% to 7% of all lymphomas. Its prognosis ranges from indolent disease that does not require treatment for years to very aggressive disease, which is associated with poor survival (Silkenstedt et al, 2021). Typically, MCL is diagnosed at advanced stage and in older patients who cannot tolerate intensive therapy (NCCN, 2022). Although recent advances have slightly increased remission rates, recurrence and relapse remain very common, leading to a median overall survival between 3 and 6 years (LLS, 2021). Though there are several effective options, progress is still needed towards establishing an accepted frontline approach for MCL (Castellino et al, 2022). Treatment selection and management of MCL are complicated by the heterogeneity of prognosis, advanced age and comorbidities of patients, and lack of an established standard approach for treatment, making it vital that clinicians be familiar with the latest research and advances in this area. In this activity chaired by Michael Wang, MD, Professor in the Department of Lymphoma & Myeloma at MD Anderson Cancer Center, expert faculty will discuss prognostic factors informing treatment, the promising results of recent trials in new therapeutic approaches, and the implications of treatment resistance in therapeutic selection for MCL.
Target Audience
Hematology/oncology fellows, attending faculty, and other health care professionals involved in the treatment of patients with mantle cell lymphoma (MCL).
Learning Objectives
1.) Identify clinical and biological prognostic factors that can guide treatment decision making for older adults with MCL
2.) Evaluate emerging data on targeted therapeutic approaches for treatment-naive and relapsed/refractory MCL and their applicability to older adults
3.) Assess mechanisms of resistance to targeted therapies for MCL and their implications for treatment selection
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Tom Selleck Health: A Comprehensive Look at the Iconic Actor’s Wellness Journeygreendigital
Tom Selleck, an enduring figure in Hollywood. has captivated audiences for decades with his rugged charm, iconic moustache. and memorable roles in television and film. From his breakout role as Thomas Magnum in Magnum P.I. to his current portrayal of Frank Reagan in Blue Bloods. Selleck's career has spanned over 50 years. But beyond his professional achievements. fans have often been curious about Tom Selleck Health. especially as he has aged in the public eye.
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Introduction
Many have been interested in Tom Selleck health. not only because of his enduring presence on screen but also because of the challenges. and lifestyle choices he has faced and made over the years. This article delves into the various aspects of Tom Selleck health. exploring his fitness regimen, diet, mental health. and the challenges he has encountered as he ages. We'll look at how he maintains his well-being. the health issues he has faced, and his approach to ageing .
Early Life and Career
Childhood and Athletic Beginnings
Tom Selleck was born on January 29, 1945, in Detroit, Michigan, and grew up in Sherman Oaks, California. From an early age, he was involved in sports, particularly basketball. which played a significant role in his physical development. His athletic pursuits continued into college. where he attended the University of Southern California (USC) on a basketball scholarship. This early involvement in sports laid a strong foundation for his physical health and disciplined lifestyle.
Transition to Acting
Selleck's transition from an athlete to an actor came with its physical demands. His first significant role in "Magnum P.I." required him to perform various stunts and maintain a fit appearance. This role, which he played from 1980 to 1988. necessitated a rigorous fitness routine to meet the show's demands. setting the stage for his long-term commitment to health and wellness.
Fitness Regimen
Workout Routine
Tom Selleck health and fitness regimen has evolved. adapting to his changing roles and age. During his "Magnum, P.I." days. Selleck's workouts were intense and focused on building and maintaining muscle mass. His routine included weightlifting, cardiovascular exercises. and specific training for the stunts he performed on the show.
Selleck adjusted his fitness routine as he aged to suit his body's needs. Today, his workouts focus on maintaining flexibility, strength, and cardiovascular health. He incorporates low-impact exercises such as swimming, walking, and light weightlifting. This balanced approach helps him stay fit without putting undue strain on his joints and muscles.
Importance of Flexibility and Mobility
In recent years, Selleck has emphasized the importance of flexibility and mobility in his fitness regimen. Understanding the natural decline in muscle mass and joint flexibility with age. he includes stretching and yoga in his routine. These practices help prevent injuries, improve posture, and maintain mobilit
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Ve...kevinkariuki227
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
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These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar leads (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
These simplified slides by Dr. Sidra Arshad present an overview of the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract.
Learning objectives:
1. Enlist the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract
2. Briefly explain how these functions are carried out
3. Discuss the significance of dead space
4. Differentiate between minute ventilation and alveolar ventilation
5. Describe the cough and sneeze reflexes
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 39, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 34, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 17, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
4. Non-respiratory functions of the lungs https://academic.oup.com/bjaed/article/13/3/98/278874
Acute scrotum is a general term referring to an emergency condition affecting the contents or the wall of the scrotum.
There are a number of conditions that present acutely, predominantly with pain and/or swelling
A careful and detailed history and examination, and in some cases, investigations allow differentiation between these diagnoses. A prompt diagnosis is essential as the patient may require urgent surgical intervention
Testicular torsion refers to twisting of the spermatic cord, causing ischaemia of the testicle.
Testicular torsion results from inadequate fixation of the testis to the tunica vaginalis producing ischemia from reduced arterial inflow and venous outflow obstruction.
The prevalence of testicular torsion in adult patients hospitalized with acute scrotal pain is approximately 25 to 50 percent
micro teaching on communication m.sc nursing.pdfAnurag Sharma
Microteaching is a unique model of practice teaching. It is a viable instrument for the. desired change in the teaching behavior or the behavior potential which, in specified types of real. classroom situations, tends to facilitate the achievement of specified types of objectives.
Ethanol (CH3CH2OH), or beverage alcohol, is a two-carbon alcohol
that is rapidly distributed in the body and brain. Ethanol alters many
neurochemical systems and has rewarding and addictive properties. It
is the oldest recreational drug and likely contributes to more morbidity,
mortality, and public health costs than all illicit drugs combined. The
5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
(DSM-5) integrates alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence into a single
disorder called alcohol use disorder (AUD), with mild, moderate,
and severe subclassifications (American Psychiatric Association, 2013).
In the DSM-5, all types of substance abuse and dependence have been
combined into a single substance use disorder (SUD) on a continuum
from mild to severe. A diagnosis of AUD requires that at least two of
the 11 DSM-5 behaviors be present within a 12-month period (mild
AUD: 2–3 criteria; moderate AUD: 4–5 criteria; severe AUD: 6–11 criteria).
The four main behavioral effects of AUD are impaired control over
drinking, negative social consequences, risky use, and altered physiological
effects (tolerance, withdrawal). This chapter presents an overview
of the prevalence and harmful consequences of AUD in the U.S.,
the systemic nature of the disease, neurocircuitry and stages of AUD,
comorbidities, fetal alcohol spectrum disorders, genetic risk factors, and
pharmacotherapies for AUD.
4. • Androgeny (also androgynous, bi-gendered, no-
gendered): A person who identifies as both or neither of
the two culturally defined genders, or a person who
expresses merged culturally/stereotypically feminine and
masculine characteristics or neutral characteristics.
• Anti-Semitism: Hostility toward, or prejudice or
discrimination against Jews or Judaism.
• Assigned (Biological) Sex: A social construct referring
to the state of being intersex, female, or male. A concept
that relies on the dichotomous division of various genitive,
biological, chromosomal, hormonal and physiological
differences in human.
5. • Bisexual: A person who is emotionally, physically, and/or
sexually attracted to both men and women. Some people avoid
this term because of its implications that there are only two
sexes/genders to be sexually attracted to and this reinforces the
binary gender system.
• Cross-Dresser: Someone who enjoys wearing clothing typically
assigned to a gender that the individual has not been socialized
as, or does not identify as. Cross-dressers are of all sexual
orientations and do not necessarily identify as transgender.
“Cross-dresser” is frequently used today in place of the term
“transvestite.” This activity seems more obvious when men as
opposed to women engage in it publicly, because of an inequity
in societal norms concerning attire and other components of
appearance.
6. • Cultural Humility: A lifelong commitment to self-evaluation
and critique, to redressing the power imbalances in the
[interpersonal relationship] dynamic[s], and to developing
mutually beneficial and non-paternalistic partnerships with
communities on behalf of individuals and defined populations.
• FtM (F2M)/MtF (M2F): Generally, abbreviations used to refer
to specific members of the trans community. FtM stands for
female-to-male, as in moving from a female pole of the
spectrum to the male. MtF stands for male-to-female and refers
to moving from the male pole of the spectrum tot eh female.
FtM is sometimes, not always, synonymous with transman.
Conversely, someone who identifies as MtF, may identify as a
transwoman.
8. Introduction: Directed Summary
Transition to Thesis Statement
Thesis Statement
Section A
Body Paragraph 1
Body Paragraph 2
Section B
Body Paragraph 3
Body Paragraph 4
Section C
Body Paragraph 5
Body Paragraph 6
Counterargument
Conclusion
10. Directed Summary
• A directed summary provides readers of your
paper with the information they need to
understand your argument and explanation.
• State the title and author of the literary work
near the beginning of the first paragraph,
perhaps in the first sentence. This is essential
so that the reader knows which work you are
discussing.
11. • Hook the reader. In the first sentences, write what
is particularly interesting about the work. This
thought-provoking information must also be
relevant to the topic you will discuss in your
essay.
• Assume that the reader is familiar with the work
about which you are writing. Do not include too
much plot summary in the introduction or in the
rest of the essay. Do include the part of the story
that will support your thesis.
12. • Use transitions throughout the introduction. Because
there are so many aspects of the work that have to be
included, the introduction can end up fragmented
and confusing. Make sure that it makes sense on its
own as a paragraph. Clearly transition from your
introduction into your thesis.
• State the thesis near the end of the introduction
(your introduction might be more than one
paragraph). The thesis should clearly state what the
essay will analyze and should be very specific.
13. Transition from Introduction to
the Thesis Statement:
• In Stone Butch Blues, Leslie Feinberg describes the
development of protagonist, Jess Goldberg, through a
series of moments of resistance to a society that cannot,
or will not accept hir. This book shows that social
pressure, oppression, and violence act not only as
forces of conformity, but also as powerful sources of
agency; they can inspire people to challenge injustice in
pursuit of liberty.
14. Try writing your introduction
1. Title and author
2. Hook the reader with a thought-provoking aspect
of the story, one that connects to your essay.
3. Assuming the reader is familiar with the text,
include a brief summary that provides support for
your paper.
4. Use transitions to keep the introduction clear and
organized.
5. Transition to the thesis.
6. Include your thesis near the end of the
introduction.
16. • When you write an academic essay, you make an argument: you
propose a thesis and offer some reasoning, using evidence, that
suggests why the thesis is true. When you counter-argue, you
consider a possible argument against your thesis or some aspect of
your reasoning. This is a good way to test your ideas when drafting,
while you still have time to revise them. And in the finished essay, it
can be a persuasive and disarming tactic. It allows you to anticipate
doubts and pre-empt objections that a skeptical reader might have; it
presents you as the kind of person who weighs alternatives before
arguing for one, who confronts difficulties instead of sweeping them
under the rug, who is more interested in discovering the truth than
winning a point.
• Not every objection is worth entertaining, of course, and you
shouldn't include one just to include one. But some imagining of
other views, or of resistance to one's own, occurs in most good
essays.
17. The Turn Against
A counterargument in an essay has two stages: you turn against your argument to
challenge it and then you turn back to re-affirm it. You first imagine a skeptical
reader, or cite an actual source, who might resist your argument by pointing out a
problem with your demonstration:
1. that a different conclusion could be drawn from the same facts, a key
assumption is unwarranted, a key term is used unfairly, certain evidence is
ignored or played down
2. one or more disadvantages or practical drawbacks to what you propose
3. an alternative explanation or proposal that makes more sense.
You introduce this turn against with a phrase like one of these
• Some might object here that
• It might seem that
• It is true that
• Admittedly
• Of course
18. The Turn Back
Your return to your own argument—which you announce with a
but, yet, however, nevertheless or still—must likewise involve
careful reasoning, not a flippant (or nervous) dismissal. In
reasoning about the proposed counterargument, you may do one
of the following:
1. Refute it, showing why it is mistaken—an apparent but not real
problem
2. Acknowledge its validity or plausibility, but suggest why on balance
it's relatively less important or less likely than what you propose,
and thus doesn't overturn it;
3. Concede its force and complicate your idea accordingly—restate
your thesis in a more exact, qualified, or nuanced way that takes
account of the objection, or start a new section in which you
consider your topic in light of it.
19. Where to Put a Counter argument
Counter argument can appear anywhere in the essay. Try it in several places
and see where it fits best:
1. as part of your introduction—before you propose your thesis—where the existence
of a different view is the motive for your essay, the reason it needs writing.
2. as a section or paragraph just after your introduction, in which you lay out the
expected reaction or standard position before turning away to develop your own.
3. as a quick move within a paragraph, where you imagine a counterargument not to
your main idea but to the sub-idea that the paragraph is arguing or is about to
argue.
4. as a section or paragraph just before the conclusion of your essay, in which you
imagine what someone might object to what you have argued.
But watch that you do not overdo it. A turn into counterargument here and
there will sharpen and energize your essay, but too many such turns will have
the reverse effect by obscuring your main idea or suggesting that you are
ambivalent.
20. Counter Argument:
Of course, there are times when social pressure, oppression, and
violence push people to conform, but these examples generally fall
into one of three main categories: One, people bow to social pressure,
oppression, and violence when they do not have a significant reason to
resist; two, people bow to social pressure, oppression, and violence
when the consequences are life threatening; and three, people bow to
social pressure, oppression, and violence until they can strategize their
resistance. This final response is the one that Feinberg illustrates
through Jess Goldberg.
Thesis: This book shows that social pressure, oppression, and
violence do not act only as forces of conformity, but also as
powerful sources of agency; they can inspire people to challenge
injustice in pursuit of liberty.
21. Do you need a counterargument?
1. Is there an obvious argument against your thesis?
2. Is there a different conclusion could be drawn from the
same facts?
3. Do you make a key assumption with which others might
disagree?
4. Do you use a term that someone else might define a
different way?
5. Do you ignore certain evidence that others might believe
you need to address?
6. Is there an alternative explanation or proposal that some
might more readily believe?
23. Strategies for Writing a Conclusion
Conclusions are often the most difficult part of an essay
to write, and many writers feel that they have nothing
left to say after having written the paper. A writer needs
to keep in mind that the conclusion is often what a
reader remembers best. Your conclusion should be the
best part of your paper.
A conclusion should
• stress the importance of the thesis statement,
• give the essay a sense of completeness, and
• leave a final impression on the reader.
24. Create a new meaning
Demonstrating how your ideas work together can
create a new picture. Often the sum of the paper
is worth more than its parts.
Stone Butch Blues shows that social
pressures, oppression, and violence are
appropriate ways neither to create harmony
nor to manage cultural diversity
25. Answer the question "So What?”
Show your readers why this paper was
important.
Stone Butch Blues provides knowledge
that can liberate those people who suffer
social oppression by both providing
models of, and encouraging, successful
resistance.
26. Propose a course of action
Redirect your reader's thought process and help him or
her to apply your info and ideas to her own life or to
see the broader implications.
Finally, Stone Butch Blues inspires people to
challenge injustice in pursuit of liberty for all
people.
27. Let’s try writing a couple of conclusions
1. Answer the question "So What?”: Show your readers why this paper was
important.
2. Synthesize information: Show how the points you made and the support and
examples you used fit together.
3. Challenge the reader: Help readers redirect the information in the paper, so
they may apply it to their own lives.
4. Create a new meaning: demonstrating how your ideas work together can
create a new picture. Often the sum of the paper is worth more than its parts.
5. Propose a course of action, a solution to an issue, or questions for further
study: Redirect your reader's thought process and help him or her to apply
your info and ideas to her own life or to see the broader implications.
6. Echo the introduction: If you begin by describing a scenario, you can end with
the same scenario as proof that your essay was helpful in creating a new
understanding.
28. Henry David Hwang
• David Henry Hwang was born on August 11, 1957
in Los Angeles, California.
• His parents immigrated from China
• He went to Stanford University
• As an undergraduate, he wrote his first play FOB,
which explores the contrast in attitudes between
recently arrived Chinese immigrants and two
Chinese-American students who have long since
assimilated.
• He went to graduate school at Yale, where he
continued to write successful plays.
29. • Hwang returned to the stage with M. Butterfly, one of the
most celebrated of recent American plays, and the first by
an Asian-American to win universal acclaim.
• It was first produced in 1988 and won numerous awards,
including the Tony Award for Best Play of the Year, the
New York Drama Desk Award, the Outer Critics Circle
Award for Best Broadway play, and the John Gassner
Award for the season's outstanding new playwright.
• M. Butterfly enjoyed a popular run on Broadway and
when it moved to London's Shaftsbury Theatre in 1989 it
broke all box office records in the first week.
M Butterfly
30. Reading: M Butterfly
Finish in-class writing:
Introduction,
Counterargument, and
Conclusion
Post #20: Post your
counter argument
Bring three complete
copies of your draft to our
next meeting.