Writing the Term Paper
PHIL1120 Environmental Ethics
Instructor Bearden
Fall 2011
Contents:
1. How do I select a topic for a philosophy paper? (1)
2. What is a thesis statement? (2)
3. Using outside sources (4)
4. Possible paper topics (6)
How do I select a topic for a philosophy paper?
All students are expected to write one term paper on a relevant topic in the course that
considers a philosophical position or contemporary environmental issue in detail. Papers
should be 5-6 pages in length, double-spaced, in font size 12 and free from grammatical and
other errors. Papers should show creativity and imagination but should also be written with
clarity and precision. Students will first submit a thesis statement indicating their topic,
proposed argument, and support from philosophical sources. The thesis is worth 5% of the
final grade and is graded on a pass/fail basis. Students will receive comments and guidance
from the instructor regarding their thesis before the paper’s due date. Consult the Course
Schedule for all due dates. Students are warmly encouraged to discuss the paper topic with
the instructor. Please see the instructor if you have further questions or need help during any
phase of the writing process.
The first step in the writing process is picking a topic that interests you. What issues
were you hoping to tackle in this course? What ideas have most impacted the way you think?
What would you like to know more about? Narrowing the field to a few topics is a good start.
From there, consider what readings our book offers on the subject. You are free to write about
any environmental issue, as long as it is considered from a moral point of view. That said,
you might also look into public policy, environmental science, economics or any other
related field. Following your interest is one way to encourage creativity in your papers.
Starting with a question regarding your topic is a good second step. What would you
like to investigate about a particular topic? Consider the scope of your paper and whether or
not there will be conclusive and clear evidence for you to research. Solid papers will argue
for a clear point and will incorporate relevant evidence when applicable. As you settle on
your topic, consider what premises you will need to consider in order to reach a conclusion
on your topic. Think of these premises as the primary support for what your paper aims to
prove. These three premises should help frame your paper, setting the scope of your
investigation. Next, consider how each of these premises logically fit together to help you
address your topic of choice. Try to make these premises fit as precisely as possible. The
more you are able to simplify these premises into a logical argument, the more precise your
paper will be. Obviously, you’ll return to these as you pursue this topic through research. But
you are now on your way to formulating a thesis. For a more detailed discussion of the thesi.
Running head SHORTENED TITLE The Title of the Paper F.docxagnesdcarey33086
Running head: SHORTENED TITLE
The Title of the Paper
First name Last name
PHI 208 Ethics and Moral Reasoning
Prof. Immanuel Kant
January 1, 2014
SHORTENED TITLE 2
Title
Your first sentence should establish the question that orients the essay, taking
account of any ways in which you may need to modify or refine it. The rest of this
paragraph provides an introduction to the topic. Your introduction should focus on setting
out the topic and scope of the discussion in a way that clearly establishes what exactly
you will be talking about and why it is significant, and provides any necessary context
such as the background, current state of affairs, definitions of key terms, and so on. You
want to try to do this in a way that stays as neutral as possible, avoids controversial
assumptions, rhetorical questions, and the like. In other words, you should try to
construct an introduction to the topic that could be an introduction to a paper defending
any position on the question at issue. Your introduction should include a brief remark
about the kind of theory you will be using to approach this question. The last sentence of
the introduction should briefly summarize the conclusion or position on this issue that
you think is best supported by this theory, and succinctly state what the objection will be.
Theory Explanation
You should explain the core principles or features of either utilitarianism or
deontology and the general account of moral behavior it provides. “You must quote from
at least one Required Resource that defends or represents that theory, drawn from the list
included with the assignment instructions” (Author, YEAR, p. ###). Make sure that you
first understand the theory that you are using, and that you have read the Instructor
Guidance and any additional resources from the Required and Recommended Resources
as needed. If you do not adequately understand and explain the theory, you will not be
able to apply it adequately to the topic. You will need to explain the core principles in
SHORTENED TITLE 3
such a way that the theory’s application to the question raised in the Week One
Assignment will be as straightforward and clear as possible.
Theory Application
Explain how the core principles or features of this theory apply to the problem or
question under consideration and identify the specific moral conclusion that results. Your
application should clearly show how the conclusion follows from the main tenets of the
theory as explained in the previous paragraph(s). An application involves showing how
general ideas about how to live and act ethically, when combined with the specific
circumstances under consideration, lead to conclusions about how one should act in those
circumstances. A very simple, non-moral example of such reasoning might start with the
general idea that “if I’m hungry, I ought to eat,” apply that to the specific circumstances
in which “I’.
Sources of Research Questions and Formulation of Hypothesis Psychology Pedia
Research Method -
Research questions, Good research questions, Steps to developing a research question, Sources of research question, Research hypothesis, Characteristics of hypothesis
Quiz Tip Sheet. A few people have emailed about the last quiz. .docxcatheryncouper
Quiz Tip Sheet.
A few people have emailed about the last quiz. Here are a few tips.
First, some good news. I will start including a bonus question on future exams.
Tips:
1. Quiz questions are reading comprehension questions: The discussion boards are designed to give you a chance to try out your own arguments and to evaluation the arguments in the readings. The quizzes are designed to test reading comprehension. This does not mean the quiz questions will be rote (i.e., what does Herrick say on page 24, paragraph 1). They will require active reading and comprehension of what is written. Key Point: The answers will come from the text.
2. Reading Philosophy may require skills that you haven’t yet mastered. I have two points, here. First, reading comprehension, in any discipline, improves with knowledge of the subject matter. If you have never taken a philosophy course before (or read philosophical essays) then you can expect to find the material more challenging at first than at the end, after you have developed a feel for philosophical writing & reading. Second, reading philosophy may be more challenging that reading other kinds of writing. Philosophy majors consistently outperform other majors on graduate level entrance exams (for law, business, general grad school, and even the MCAT, for medicine). Most likely, this is because of the kinds of skills required to read, write, and understand philosophical writing. Key Point: Give yourself room to grow in your skills. Just because you’ve gotten a 4.0 in your other classes, doesn’t mean that you will get a 4.0 on every quiz in this class. The types of things that are important to notice in a philosophical essay may be different from the types of things you are used to looking for. And the types of logical inferences required in philosophical reading may be different from your typical patterns of inference.
3. What to notice -- Understand Logic: Mastering the material at the end of the first reading will help your reading comprehension (of philosophy) immensely. Here is a brief outline of the different types of arguments/reasoning. Make sure you can define and identify each type. As you encounter new arguments, or argument types, put them on your map. Key Point: As you read, pay close attention to how arguments are characterized. Different types of arguments require different standards of evaluation.
1. Deductive arguments (reasoning): At best, if the premises are true, the conclusion MUST be true.
a. Category Based Arguments: All whales are mammals; all mammals are animals; thus all whales are animals.
2. Inductive Arguments (reasoning): At best if the premises are true, the conclusion is likely to be true.
a. Analogy Arguments: (Like Paley)
b. Best Explanation Arguments (like fine-tuning)
c. Generalizations: most universes are not fine-tuned, thus, probably, none are.
4. What to notice – Your Assumptions:* We read with selective perception. Our brain ...
Running head SHORTENED TITLE The Title of the Paper F.docxagnesdcarey33086
Running head: SHORTENED TITLE
The Title of the Paper
First name Last name
PHI 208 Ethics and Moral Reasoning
Prof. Immanuel Kant
January 1, 2014
SHORTENED TITLE 2
Title
Your first sentence should establish the question that orients the essay, taking
account of any ways in which you may need to modify or refine it. The rest of this
paragraph provides an introduction to the topic. Your introduction should focus on setting
out the topic and scope of the discussion in a way that clearly establishes what exactly
you will be talking about and why it is significant, and provides any necessary context
such as the background, current state of affairs, definitions of key terms, and so on. You
want to try to do this in a way that stays as neutral as possible, avoids controversial
assumptions, rhetorical questions, and the like. In other words, you should try to
construct an introduction to the topic that could be an introduction to a paper defending
any position on the question at issue. Your introduction should include a brief remark
about the kind of theory you will be using to approach this question. The last sentence of
the introduction should briefly summarize the conclusion or position on this issue that
you think is best supported by this theory, and succinctly state what the objection will be.
Theory Explanation
You should explain the core principles or features of either utilitarianism or
deontology and the general account of moral behavior it provides. “You must quote from
at least one Required Resource that defends or represents that theory, drawn from the list
included with the assignment instructions” (Author, YEAR, p. ###). Make sure that you
first understand the theory that you are using, and that you have read the Instructor
Guidance and any additional resources from the Required and Recommended Resources
as needed. If you do not adequately understand and explain the theory, you will not be
able to apply it adequately to the topic. You will need to explain the core principles in
SHORTENED TITLE 3
such a way that the theory’s application to the question raised in the Week One
Assignment will be as straightforward and clear as possible.
Theory Application
Explain how the core principles or features of this theory apply to the problem or
question under consideration and identify the specific moral conclusion that results. Your
application should clearly show how the conclusion follows from the main tenets of the
theory as explained in the previous paragraph(s). An application involves showing how
general ideas about how to live and act ethically, when combined with the specific
circumstances under consideration, lead to conclusions about how one should act in those
circumstances. A very simple, non-moral example of such reasoning might start with the
general idea that “if I’m hungry, I ought to eat,” apply that to the specific circumstances
in which “I’.
Sources of Research Questions and Formulation of Hypothesis Psychology Pedia
Research Method -
Research questions, Good research questions, Steps to developing a research question, Sources of research question, Research hypothesis, Characteristics of hypothesis
Quiz Tip Sheet. A few people have emailed about the last quiz. .docxcatheryncouper
Quiz Tip Sheet.
A few people have emailed about the last quiz. Here are a few tips.
First, some good news. I will start including a bonus question on future exams.
Tips:
1. Quiz questions are reading comprehension questions: The discussion boards are designed to give you a chance to try out your own arguments and to evaluation the arguments in the readings. The quizzes are designed to test reading comprehension. This does not mean the quiz questions will be rote (i.e., what does Herrick say on page 24, paragraph 1). They will require active reading and comprehension of what is written. Key Point: The answers will come from the text.
2. Reading Philosophy may require skills that you haven’t yet mastered. I have two points, here. First, reading comprehension, in any discipline, improves with knowledge of the subject matter. If you have never taken a philosophy course before (or read philosophical essays) then you can expect to find the material more challenging at first than at the end, after you have developed a feel for philosophical writing & reading. Second, reading philosophy may be more challenging that reading other kinds of writing. Philosophy majors consistently outperform other majors on graduate level entrance exams (for law, business, general grad school, and even the MCAT, for medicine). Most likely, this is because of the kinds of skills required to read, write, and understand philosophical writing. Key Point: Give yourself room to grow in your skills. Just because you’ve gotten a 4.0 in your other classes, doesn’t mean that you will get a 4.0 on every quiz in this class. The types of things that are important to notice in a philosophical essay may be different from the types of things you are used to looking for. And the types of logical inferences required in philosophical reading may be different from your typical patterns of inference.
3. What to notice -- Understand Logic: Mastering the material at the end of the first reading will help your reading comprehension (of philosophy) immensely. Here is a brief outline of the different types of arguments/reasoning. Make sure you can define and identify each type. As you encounter new arguments, or argument types, put them on your map. Key Point: As you read, pay close attention to how arguments are characterized. Different types of arguments require different standards of evaluation.
1. Deductive arguments (reasoning): At best, if the premises are true, the conclusion MUST be true.
a. Category Based Arguments: All whales are mammals; all mammals are animals; thus all whales are animals.
2. Inductive Arguments (reasoning): At best if the premises are true, the conclusion is likely to be true.
a. Analogy Arguments: (Like Paley)
b. Best Explanation Arguments (like fine-tuning)
c. Generalizations: most universes are not fine-tuned, thus, probably, none are.
4. What to notice – Your Assumptions:* We read with selective perception. Our brain ...
Running head SHORTENED TITLE The Title of the Paper F.docxtoltonkendal
Running head: SHORTENED TITLE
The Title of the Paper
First name Last name
PHI 208 Ethics and Moral Reasoning
Prof. Phil Osipher
November 5, 1955
SHORTENED TITLE
Put the opening question here
Introduction:
Provide a brief introduction to the topic here
Position Statement:
Provide a position statement here
Supporting Reason:
Identify and explain a supporting reason here
Opposing Reason:
Identify and explain an opposing reason here
SHORTENED TITLE 3
References:
Include any references here
PHI208: WEEK ONE ASSIGNMENT GUIDANCE
WEEK ONE ASSIGNMENT GUIDANCE
The Purpose of This Paper
• This assignment, along with the Week Three Assignment, is intended to prepare you to write the Final Paper.
• This is not intended to be an essay, but an exercise.
• The five components of the exercise involve important skills to practice in order to be able to write the kind of
coherent, well-composed philosophical essay that you will write in later papers.
Specifying the Question
Essays that address ethical issues are typically most coherent and focused when they are oriented toward answering a
specific ethical question. The answer will be your “position” (in the Final Paper we’re going to call this the “thesis”), and
the main body of the essay seeks to explain and justify how your position represents the best answer to the question. So
it’s crucial to have a well-formulated, relevant, and focused ethical question to start with.
The list below identifies the general topic areas from which you are to decide on and formulate the specific moral question
that will guide your essays, and suggests some sub-topics. It will be impossible to examine broad topics in the final paper,
and so you will need to narrow down the topic as much as you possibly can. Do not attempt to address all of these
topics.
Once you have decided on a topic that interests you, think of the controversies and debates, the difficult choices and
dilemmas, etc., that surround this topic. Consider some very specific problem, and formulate that as a focused, concrete
question. The more narrowly-focused the question, the better your paper will be.
Be sure your chosen question is itself an ethical question. An ethical question concerns what is right or wrong, what we
ought or ought not to do, what kinds of things are good or bad, honest or dishonest, courageous or cowardly, generous or
selfish, etc.
Ethical questions should be distinguished from questions of psychology, sociology, anthropology, biology, etc. If you are
unsure, please consult your instructor.
Example 1
PHI208: WEEK ONE ASSIGNMENT GUIDANCE
Suppose you were interested in the topic of bioethics, and more specifically the topic of abortion (please note: this is not a
topic that is available to you to consider, since we aren’t addressing it in class).
Overly-vague or broad questions that you would want to avoid might include: ...
Essay Writing Guide INR and PLT – Dr Keating June 2018 .docxdebishakespeare
Essay Writing Guide INR and PLT – Dr Keating June 2018 Page | 2
Writing a Research Essay in International Relations and Political Science
This is some basic advice on writing an essay in International Relations. The advice is generic, and obviously particular assignments, topics, questions have their own requirements – but this general advice should apply most of the time.
Be aware of what a criteria grading sheet looks like, as this sets out the way in which the essay will be graded. The standard grading sheet looks like this, and you will notice that there are four separate criteria. We will deal with each in turn.
1. Structure/Organization: Have you answered the question? Do you have a clear argument that you defend throughout? Is it well organized with appropriate use of paragraphs?
2. Research: Are you demonstrating research skills? Have you used a range of sources? Is it thoroughly referenced, using an appropriate system, with a bibliography?
3. Content: Do you set out clear arguments/evidence to support your position? Have you considered counter-arguments/evidence? Is their evidence of critical thinking?
4. Presentation: Is the paper well-written? Is it proof-read for grammar and spelling errors?
1. Structure/Organisation
Essays need a clear and concise introduction, which sets out a position: the thesis or argument that the essay will defend. If a question has been set, the introduction needs to clearly answer this question. It does not provide a broad introduction to the topic (avoid waffle or ‘flowery’ introductions), but rather, specifies the particular position that the essay will pursue. The essay then defends this position clearly throughout! I strongly suggest beginning the essay with the line “This essay argues…”. If you can clearly set out your position at the start, it will solve a lot of the structural problems that many essays have. You can then use the rest of the introduction to expand on your argument, detail the case material you are using to support your position, explain how your position allows you to propose an answer to the question(if one is set), and outline the structure of the essay. When outlining the structure of the essay, using first, second, third can be a clear and informative approach for the reader.
The main body of the essay is organised in short, sharp, concise paragraphs. It is important to consistently link the material, ideas, theories, concepts, debates, arguments, evidence, and case studies that you evaluate in the main body of the essay back to the question, and to your argument. Though different courses and different types of written assignments have different objectives, normally it is a good idea to have a balance between theoretical/conceptual debates and discussion, and empirical evidence. Theory comes first – detail the argument/counter-argument, analyse this material in the context of your argument (as clearly .
ThesisWhy you chose this topicDoes it pertain to your field.docxrandymartin91030
Thesis
Why you chose this topic?
Does it pertain to your field of study?
Heading left right – Single Spaced
Name
Date
Class
Assignment
Professor Kazanjian
Double Space
Times New Roman; 12 pt Font; 1 inch Margins
2 – 3 Pages. Less than 2 pages or more than 3 pages will receive ZERO Credit
Informative Essay -
Research Paper Proposal
Informative Essay
Include information to educate the reader about the topic you wish to write a research paper on;
“Why should people care?”
Create a sound thesis statement;
Reasons why the topic is important;
You should have an introduction, body, and a sound conclusion;
Define any agencies or terms that are pertinent to your topic.
Assisted Suicide
Autism
2nd Amendment/ Gun Rights
Legalization of Marijuana
Death Penalty
Same Sex Marriage
U.S. Prison Rates
Animal Rights / Testing
Vegans/Vegetarianism
Mental Illness / PTSD
Abortion
Climate Change
Things NOT to Write on
Expository Writing
Research Paper
A research paper is an analytical or persuasive essay that presents and argues a thesis (evaluates a position)
What a research paper is not
A simple collection of facts on a topic
A summary of information from one or more sources
Research Paper:
From an Interest to a Topic
In choosing a topic start with what interests you most deeply
Start by listing two or three interests you might like to explore/questions that you have wondered about
Examples
If you are undertaking a research project in a specific field, skim a recent textbook, talk to other students, or consult one of your teachers
Examples
You might try to identify an interest based on work you are doing or will do in a different course
Types of topics to avoid
If you are still stuck you can find help on the internet or in your library
Standard Guides in Various Fields
Dictionaries: briefly define concepts and sometimes offer a bibliography
Encyclopedias: give more extensive overviews and usually a bibliography
Bibliographies and Indexes list past and current publications in the field
Finding dictionaries, encyclopedias, and bibliographies in particular fields:
Go to Pfau Library Home Page
Under Search For heading click on the Encyclopedias/Dictionaries link
Under Search Online Databases heading select bibliographies and type your discipline into the search bar.
Scan headings for topics that catch your interest
Once you identify a general area of interest, use the internet to find out more about the topic so that you can narrow it.
At first you may not know enough about a general interest to turn it into a focused topic.
If so, you have to do some reading to know what to think about it.
Don’t read randomly: start with entries in a general encyclopedia, then look at entries in a specialized encyclopedia or dictionary, then browse through journals and websites until you have a grip on the general shape of your topic.
Previous Topics
Gender Discrimination and China’s One Child Policy
The Role of Attachmen.
Assignment GoalThe goal of the assignment is to strengthen scienwiddowsonerica
Assignment Goal
The goal of the assignment is to strengthen scientific thinking and writing. The
objective is for each student to write an objective, logical, fact-based paper using
evidence from high quality scientific research sources.
Topics
In general terms, your paper can examine selected consequences of social
inequality. Throughout your textbook, the author presents examples of how social
class impacts the lives of people. Some obvious examples are health, including
mental and physical illness, or parent’s social class and children’s educational
attainment. Each of the chapters on the major social classes examines the behaviors
and consequences of that class. Your paper could explore on of these issues in
greater detail. We are also seeing that race and gender are deeply interrelated with
social inequality. You could dig deeper into one of the problems or issues identified in
the book, or you could pursue some other thesis that links social inequality and race
or gender. The paper could be based on the work of Karl Marx and would use mostly
Marx’s writings.
The Major Social Factors
• Social class
• Gender
• Race/ethnicity
• Age
Your Paper Must Have A Thesis!
Your research paper must have a thesis. At the beginning of the paper, you must
state your research thesis. It can be part of a short introductory paragraph or it can
stand alone.
The following explanations include materials that are courtesy of Empire State
College, Online Writing Center.
www.esc.edu/online-writing-center/resources/research/research-paper-steps/
Research Topic
When you start working on your paper, you begin by selecting a topic. A topic is
what the essay or research paper is about. It provides a focus for your writing.
Choose an appropriate topic or issue for your research, one that actually can be
researched. Many topics can be found in your textbook. Example: “Attention Deficit
Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)”
Research Question
The next step in developing a thesis is to formulate a research question. Start by
listing all of the questions that you'd like answered yourself. (This assumes you are
curious about the topic!) Choose the best question, one that is neither too broad nor
too narrow. In the early stages of your research, you can use a search engine to
learn about the question and explore what high quality sources are available.
Sometimes the number of sources you find will help you discover whether your
2
research question is too broad, too narrow. Example: “Why have ADHD diagnoses
risen so rapidly in recent years?”
Research Thesis
A research thesis is your proposed answer to your research question, which you
finalize only after completing the research. (It's okay to modify and revise the
working thesis as you research more about the topic or issue.) Thesis example: “The
rise of A.D.H.D. diagnoses and prescriptions for stimulants coincided with a twodecade
campaign by pharmaceutical companies to publicize the ...
Foundations 111 Fall 2013 Thesis-Driven Essay Two Cont.docxbudbarber38650
Foundations 111 Fall 2013
Thesis-Driven Essay Two
Context
We continue to explore a wide variety of arguments in FDN111—about, for instance, how and how not to govern (Antigone,
Machiavelli, Hobbes), how to achieve self-knowledge (Plato, Augustine, Wordsworth), what it means to be a Christian (Paul,
Augustine, Luther) or a hero (Homer, Chretien de Troyes), how humans behave with no laws (Hobbes), and about how to achieve
greater equality between the sexes (Wollstonecraft). Understanding the arguments we read about, and the arguments we
encounter every day, is key to engaging with the world around us. It is also fundamental to your college and post-college
education and career, in whatever field you choose to pursue.
Goals
To practice defending a claim
To practice reading a text closely for full comprehension
To practice using examples and evidence to support assertions
To build critical thinking and writing skills through the exploring, outlining, drafting, revising process
To practice editing and proofreading
Assignment TDE 2A: Exploratory writing
The second thesis driven essay (TDE 2) will raise the expectations a little higher in two ways: (1) you will be expected to defend a
thesis comparing two of the selections in the Fdn 111 reader, and (2) you will be expected to explore this topic at a little greater
length (1500 words minimum vs. 1200 for TDE 1).
One problem that students often encounter in writing longer papers is that they find it difficult to write at greater length without
repeating themselves or having to bring in evidence and arguments that are weak or marginally relevant (if not completely
irrelevant). Hopefully from this course you have learned several strategies that you can use both to make a more persuasive
argument and to write papers that are longer because they investigate the topic in greater depth. These strategies include:
Finding and summarizing specific evidence from the texts you are discussing (or other types of evidence depending on
the subject matter), and being sure not just to paraphrase or quote the text but also to explain how this evidence relates
to your thesis.
Including material that establishes ethos and pathos, in addition to the logos (i.e. logic) you use to support your thesis
with specific evidence. (As we have seen in the readings, these are often a focus of the introduction and conclusion. In
these sections you should think about not just relating your specific thesis to a broader context, but also think about how
you can do this in a way that will make your readers more willing to be persuaded by the logic of your argument.)
Carefully describing and explaining counter evidence that appears to contradict your thesis, and then explaining how you
can reconcile this evidence with the thesis.
Carefully describing alternative theses, describing and explaining evidence that could support these alternatives, and then
evaluat.
PHI208AssignmentsWeek 5 - Final PaperFinal PaperPlease r.docxbartholomeocoombs
PHI208
Assignments
Week 5 - Final Paper
Final Paper
Please read these assignment instructions before writing your paper, and re-read them often during and after the writing process to make sure that you are fulfilling all of the instructions. Please also utilize the
assignment guidance
and the
outlined model
provided.
PHI208: WEEK FIVE ASSIGNMENT GUIDANCE
WEEK FIVE ASSIGNMENT GUIDANCE
Notes and Advice
This paper is a demonstration of what you have learned about moral reasoning based on our examining of ethical theories and specific ethical issues. As such, you should focus your attention on carefully spelling out the reasoning that supports your conclusion, and
relating
that to the theories we have discussed in class.
You are free to write on the same topic and question you wrote on in previous papers or choose a different topic and question.
If you choose a different topic, you
would
benefit from going through the Week One Assignment exercises.
For a list of acceptable topics to start with, see the options from the list of topics available in the online course. If you are still unsure of your topic or of how properly to focus it
into
a relevant ethical question, you are strongly encouraged to consult with your instructor.
You are free to draw upon the work you did in previous papers, and reuse parts that you feel were strong, but you are not to simply recycle the previous papers. This paper should reflect the culmination of the development of your thoughts on this issue, and
many of the requirements for the final paper cannot be satisfied by a heavily recycled paper
.
The consideration of an objection
against
your own view is a way of showing that your view has the support of good reasons and can answer its strongest objections. Therefore, aim at identifying and addressing the strongest opposing argument you can, bearing in mind that a good thesis should be able to respond to the best arguments for the other side.
Thesis Statement
The thesis statement is more than just a position statement of the sort you provided in the first assignment; rather, it states the position and the primary reasons in such a way that the reader should have a clear sense of how the reasons support the position, which is what will be spelled out and explained in the body of the paper. Please see the handout on thesis statements available in the online course.
Checklist
This checklist can help you ensure that you have completed all of the assignment instructions.
PHI208: WEEK FIVE ASSIGNMENT GUIDANCE
Make sure that you
ü
Provide an introduction that starts with the question, describes the ethical problem (including the most relevant issues), summarizes your procedure in the paper, and concludes with your thesis statement.
ü
Explain what you think is the best way to reason about this issue, and show as clearly and persuasively as you can how that reasoning supports your position.
ü
Make reference to at least two.
RESEARCH PAPER GUIDELINES ENGLISH G110 Length 2000 word.docxlillie234567
RESEARCH PAPER GUIDELINES | ENGLISH G110
Length: 2000 words (not counting Works Cited page).
Due: December 16, 2022
For your final paper you will write a research paper on Chinua Achebe’s Things Fall Apart. Your
argument will be part of a feminist, psychoanalytic, or postcolonial critical discussion of the text.
You are required to use six secondary sources, four of which are on the novel itself.
The basic process involved in writing a research paper in literature is no different than other kinds
of research papers. Begin with an area of interest, ask questions sparked by that interest, and
formulate a working hypothesis as a response to one or more of those questions.
TOPIC & THESIS
The better you know the text, the easier it will be to find a topic. I highly advise rereading the text
and writing down ideas as you read. Pay attention to recurring themes; ask questions that prompt
and guide further inquiry. To begin your inquiry, use the questions in our critical theory text. One or
more of those questions might lead you to a specific hypothesis of your own, or you might find that
the text allows for an entirely different psychoanalytic or postcolonial reading.
When you have a hypothesis (one that you’ll refine into a strong thesis), start gathering sources.
Begin with searches specific to your topic, and broaden them until you have a sufficient number of
secondary sources to review.
The goal of the research is, first, for you to see how your hypothesis fits into the critical discussion
of your topic. You’ll find that much has been said about the topic, in which case you will need to ask
yourself how you can add to the discussion. You might agree with critics, but come to your
conclusion through different analyses, or you might disagree and make that disagreement your
thesis. It’s also possible that there is very little (or no) critical discussion of your specific topic. In
that case, you are exploring new territory and offering new ways of understanding the text.
The second goal of the research is for you to introduce the critical discussion as context for your
now refined thesis and to continue that discussion throughout your essay, quoting and paraphrasing
criticism wherever it relates to your main ideas.
SOURCES
Primary sources are the literary works themselves, such as Achebe’s Things Fall Apart. Secondary sources
are works that analyze and interpret primary sources or provide relevant information. For this paper,
you are required to use six secondary sources. Four of your sources must discuss the novel itself.
Your other sources might be used for relevant contextual information, relevant concepts, etc. All of
your sources must be scholarly (scholarly books or scholarly articles).
As a student, you have access to a variety of databases through the library website. Use these
databases to search for scholarly articles.
Scholarly articles are written by scholars and experts in a particu.
PHI208 WEEK FIVE ASSIGNMENT GUIDANCE WEEK FIVE ASSIGNME.docxrandymartin91030
PHI208: WEEK FIVE ASSIGNMENT GUIDANCE
WEEK FIVE ASSIGNMENT GUIDANCE
Notes and Advice
This paper is a demonstration of what you have learned about moral reasoning based on our examining of ethical theories
and specific ethical issues. As such, you should focus your attention on carefully spelling out the reasoning that supports
your conclusion, and relating that to the theories we have discussed in class.
You are free to write on the same topic and question you wrote on in previous papers or choose a different topic and
question.
If you choose a different topic, you would benefit from going through the Week One Assignment exercises.
For a list of acceptable topics to start with, see the options from the list of topics available in the online course. If you are
still unsure of your topic or of how properly to focus it into a relevant ethical question, you are strongly encouraged to
consult with your instructor.
You are free to draw upon the work you did in previous papers, and reuse parts that you feel were strong, but you are not
to simply recycle the previous papers. This paper should reflect the culmination of the development of your thoughts on
this issue, and many of the requirements for the final paper cannot be satisfied by a heavily recycled paper.
The consideration of an objection against your own view is a way of showing that your view has the support of good
reasons and can answer its strongest objections. Therefore, aim at identifying and addressing the strongest opposing
argument you can, bearing in mind that a good thesis should be able to respond to the best arguments for the other side.
Thesis Statement
The thesis statement is more than just a position statement of the sort you provided in the first assignment; rather, it states
the position and the primary reasons in such a way that the reader should have a clear sense of how the reasons support the
position, which is what will be spelled out and explained in the body of the paper. Please see the handout on thesis
statements available in the online course.
Checklist
This checklist can help you ensure that you have completed all of the assignment instructions.
PHI208: WEEK FIVE ASSIGNMENT GUIDANCE
Make sure that you
Provide an introduction that starts with the question, describes the ethical problem (including the most relevant
issues), summarizes your procedure in the paper, and concludes with your thesis statement.
Explain what you think is the best way to reason about this issue, and show as clearly and persuasively as you can
how that reasoning supports your position.
Make reference to at least two of the approaches we have examined in the course.
Raise a relevant objection against your position that you can imagine being raised by someone holding a contrary
position.
Provide a strong response to that objection that shows that your own view can withstand it.
Provide a conc.
Philosophy 101 Ethics Paper Reminder about Essay FormatI. Sho.docxrandymartin91030
Philosophy 101 Ethics Paper
Reminder about Essay Format
I. Short INTRODUCTION with Your THESIS (i.e. your opinion about the right course of action)
II. Your first main REASON (relate to a theory such Utilitarianism, Reiman, Kant, Warren...)
III. Your second main REASON (relate to a theory such as Kantian ethics, Thomson, ...)
IV. An OBJECTION (how an opponent such as Sanctity of Life theorists, abolitionists, pro-choice advocates, Gelernter, Marquis, English ... might object to your view)
V. Your REPLY to this objection (how you would defend your view against the criticism)
VI. Short CONCLUSION
Paper Requirements:
Write a 3-5 page essay on one of the paper topics below. In this paper, you should discuss theories of two or three philosophers which we have discussed in class. You should incorporate into your paper some key ideas and central points made by at least two articles which have been assigned; parenthetical notation will be sufficient for citing any sources contained in our textbook. Outside sources, if used, must be properly cited. If no outside sources are used, then no bibliography is needed.
Paper format: typed, double-spaced, 12-point font Times Roman, with one inch margins and pages numbered. Label your paragraphs Introduction, Reason 1, Reason 2, Objection, Reply to Objection and Conclusion. For an example of how to label your paragraphs, please see the sample essay in the Essay folder.
Paper Topics
1. Abortion and Genetic Disease: Ann is a genetic carrier of a particular kind of muscular dystrophy. Duchene’s muscular dystrophy is a sex-linked disease that is inherited through the mother. Only males develop the disease, and each male child has a 50 percent chance of having it. The disease causes muscle weakness and often some mental retardation. It causes death through respiratory failure, usually in early adulthood. Ann is pregnant and does not want to risk having a child with this condition so she plans to use prenatal diagnosis and then to abort the fetus if it is male. Would Ann’s abortion be morally permissible?
2. Down Syndrome fetus - Mary and Phil wanted a third child and were delighted to discover that Mary became pregnant. However, during the fifth month of pregnancy, diagnostic tests revealed that the fetus was a boy with Down syndrome. The couple desire another child but do not want the added responsibility of taking care of a mentally retarded son. They decide to have an abortion and to try again to conceive another child, hoping for a normal infant next time. Is this case of abortion morally permissible?
3. Incompetent mother? – Tina has a history of drug abuse and prostitution. She has little education, a low IQ, and the emotional maturity of a ten-year-old. Her mother is Tina’s only living relative. Although Tina’s mother helps her daughter out by giving her a place to stay, her mother is on welfare and has little resources to share. At the age of 19, Tina becomes pregnant and .
Fungi reproduce ___________________________ by fragmentation, buddin.docxericbrooks84875
Fungi reproduce ___________________________ by fragmentation, budding, or producing spores.
10. In ___________________________ , pieces of hyphae grow into new mycelia.
11. The process of a parent cell undergoing mitosis and producing a new individual that pinches off,
matures, and separates from the parent is called ___________________________ .
12. When environmental conditions are right, a ___________________________ may germinate and
produce a threadlike ___________________________ that will grow into a mycelium.
13. Some hyphae grow away from the mycelium to produce a spore-containing structure called a
___________________________ .
14. In most fungi, the structures that support ___________________________ are the only part of the
fungus that can be seen.
15. Fungi may produce spores by ___________________________ or ___________________________ .
16. Many adaptations of fungi for survival involve ___________________________ .
17. ___________________________ protect spores and keep them from from drying out until they
are released.
18. A single puffball may produce a cloud containing as many as ___________________________ spores.
19. Producing a large number of spores increases a species’ chances of ___________________________ .
20. Fungal spores can be dispersed by ___________________________ , ___________________________ ,
and ___________________________ .
.
Full-Circle LearningMyLab™ Learning Full Circle for Mar.docxericbrooks84875
Full-Circle Learning
MyLab™: Learning Full Circle for Marketing,
Management, Business Communication,
and Intro to Business
BEFORE
CLASS
AFTER
CLASS DURING
CLASS
Decision
Sims, Videos,
and Learning
Catalytics
DSMs,
pre-lecture
homework,
eText
Writing
Space, Video
Cases, Quizzes/
Tests
MyLab
Critical Thinking
MyManagementLab®: Improves Student
Engagement Before, During, and After Class
Decision Making
BREAKTHROUGH
Prep and
Engagement
BREAK
THRO
UGH
To better resultsTo better results
• NEW! VIDEO LIBRARY – Robust video library with over 100 new book-specific videos that include
easy-to-assign assessments, the ability for instructors to add YouTube or other sources, the ability for
students to upload video submissions, and the ability for polling and teamwork.
• Decision-making simulations – NEW and improved feedback for students. Place your students
in the role of a key decision-maker! Simulations branch based on the decisions students make, providing
a variation of scenario paths. Upon completion students receive a grade, as well as a detailed report of
the choices and the associated consequences of those decisions.
• Video exercises – UPDATED with new exercises. Engaging videos that bring business concepts to
life and explore business topics related to the theory students are learning in class. Quizzes then assess
students’ comprehension of the concepts covered in each video.
• Learning Catalytics – A “bring your own device”
student engagement, assessment, and classroom
intelligence system helps instructors analyze
students’ critical-thinking skills during lecture.
• Dynamic Study Modules (DSMs) – UPDATED
with additional questions. Through adaptive
learning, students get personalized guidance where
and when they need it most, creating greater
engagement, improving knowledge retention, and
supporting subject-matter mastery. Also available
on mobile devices.
• Writing Space – UPDATED with new commenting tabs, new prompts, and a new tool
for students called Pearson Writer. A single location to develop and assess concept mastery
and critical thinking, the Writing Space offers automatic graded, assisted graded, and create your own
writing assignments, allowing you to exchange personalized feedback with students quickly and easily.
Writing Space can also check students’ work for improper citation or plagiarism by comparing it
against the world’s most accurate text comparison database available from Turnitin.
• Additional Features – Included with the MyLab are a powerful homework and test manager, robust
gradebook tracking, Reporting Dashboard, comprehensive online course content, and easily scalable
and shareable content.
http://www.pearsonmylabandmastering.com
Strategic
ManageMent
concepts and cases
A Competitive AdvAntAge ApproACh
This page intentionally left blank
Fred r. David
Francis Marion University
Florence, South Carolina
Forest r. David
Strategic Planning C.
Running head SHORTENED TITLE The Title of the Paper F.docxtoltonkendal
Running head: SHORTENED TITLE
The Title of the Paper
First name Last name
PHI 208 Ethics and Moral Reasoning
Prof. Phil Osipher
November 5, 1955
SHORTENED TITLE
Put the opening question here
Introduction:
Provide a brief introduction to the topic here
Position Statement:
Provide a position statement here
Supporting Reason:
Identify and explain a supporting reason here
Opposing Reason:
Identify and explain an opposing reason here
SHORTENED TITLE 3
References:
Include any references here
PHI208: WEEK ONE ASSIGNMENT GUIDANCE
WEEK ONE ASSIGNMENT GUIDANCE
The Purpose of This Paper
• This assignment, along with the Week Three Assignment, is intended to prepare you to write the Final Paper.
• This is not intended to be an essay, but an exercise.
• The five components of the exercise involve important skills to practice in order to be able to write the kind of
coherent, well-composed philosophical essay that you will write in later papers.
Specifying the Question
Essays that address ethical issues are typically most coherent and focused when they are oriented toward answering a
specific ethical question. The answer will be your “position” (in the Final Paper we’re going to call this the “thesis”), and
the main body of the essay seeks to explain and justify how your position represents the best answer to the question. So
it’s crucial to have a well-formulated, relevant, and focused ethical question to start with.
The list below identifies the general topic areas from which you are to decide on and formulate the specific moral question
that will guide your essays, and suggests some sub-topics. It will be impossible to examine broad topics in the final paper,
and so you will need to narrow down the topic as much as you possibly can. Do not attempt to address all of these
topics.
Once you have decided on a topic that interests you, think of the controversies and debates, the difficult choices and
dilemmas, etc., that surround this topic. Consider some very specific problem, and formulate that as a focused, concrete
question. The more narrowly-focused the question, the better your paper will be.
Be sure your chosen question is itself an ethical question. An ethical question concerns what is right or wrong, what we
ought or ought not to do, what kinds of things are good or bad, honest or dishonest, courageous or cowardly, generous or
selfish, etc.
Ethical questions should be distinguished from questions of psychology, sociology, anthropology, biology, etc. If you are
unsure, please consult your instructor.
Example 1
PHI208: WEEK ONE ASSIGNMENT GUIDANCE
Suppose you were interested in the topic of bioethics, and more specifically the topic of abortion (please note: this is not a
topic that is available to you to consider, since we aren’t addressing it in class).
Overly-vague or broad questions that you would want to avoid might include: ...
Essay Writing Guide INR and PLT – Dr Keating June 2018 .docxdebishakespeare
Essay Writing Guide INR and PLT – Dr Keating June 2018 Page | 2
Writing a Research Essay in International Relations and Political Science
This is some basic advice on writing an essay in International Relations. The advice is generic, and obviously particular assignments, topics, questions have their own requirements – but this general advice should apply most of the time.
Be aware of what a criteria grading sheet looks like, as this sets out the way in which the essay will be graded. The standard grading sheet looks like this, and you will notice that there are four separate criteria. We will deal with each in turn.
1. Structure/Organization: Have you answered the question? Do you have a clear argument that you defend throughout? Is it well organized with appropriate use of paragraphs?
2. Research: Are you demonstrating research skills? Have you used a range of sources? Is it thoroughly referenced, using an appropriate system, with a bibliography?
3. Content: Do you set out clear arguments/evidence to support your position? Have you considered counter-arguments/evidence? Is their evidence of critical thinking?
4. Presentation: Is the paper well-written? Is it proof-read for grammar and spelling errors?
1. Structure/Organisation
Essays need a clear and concise introduction, which sets out a position: the thesis or argument that the essay will defend. If a question has been set, the introduction needs to clearly answer this question. It does not provide a broad introduction to the topic (avoid waffle or ‘flowery’ introductions), but rather, specifies the particular position that the essay will pursue. The essay then defends this position clearly throughout! I strongly suggest beginning the essay with the line “This essay argues…”. If you can clearly set out your position at the start, it will solve a lot of the structural problems that many essays have. You can then use the rest of the introduction to expand on your argument, detail the case material you are using to support your position, explain how your position allows you to propose an answer to the question(if one is set), and outline the structure of the essay. When outlining the structure of the essay, using first, second, third can be a clear and informative approach for the reader.
The main body of the essay is organised in short, sharp, concise paragraphs. It is important to consistently link the material, ideas, theories, concepts, debates, arguments, evidence, and case studies that you evaluate in the main body of the essay back to the question, and to your argument. Though different courses and different types of written assignments have different objectives, normally it is a good idea to have a balance between theoretical/conceptual debates and discussion, and empirical evidence. Theory comes first – detail the argument/counter-argument, analyse this material in the context of your argument (as clearly .
ThesisWhy you chose this topicDoes it pertain to your field.docxrandymartin91030
Thesis
Why you chose this topic?
Does it pertain to your field of study?
Heading left right – Single Spaced
Name
Date
Class
Assignment
Professor Kazanjian
Double Space
Times New Roman; 12 pt Font; 1 inch Margins
2 – 3 Pages. Less than 2 pages or more than 3 pages will receive ZERO Credit
Informative Essay -
Research Paper Proposal
Informative Essay
Include information to educate the reader about the topic you wish to write a research paper on;
“Why should people care?”
Create a sound thesis statement;
Reasons why the topic is important;
You should have an introduction, body, and a sound conclusion;
Define any agencies or terms that are pertinent to your topic.
Assisted Suicide
Autism
2nd Amendment/ Gun Rights
Legalization of Marijuana
Death Penalty
Same Sex Marriage
U.S. Prison Rates
Animal Rights / Testing
Vegans/Vegetarianism
Mental Illness / PTSD
Abortion
Climate Change
Things NOT to Write on
Expository Writing
Research Paper
A research paper is an analytical or persuasive essay that presents and argues a thesis (evaluates a position)
What a research paper is not
A simple collection of facts on a topic
A summary of information from one or more sources
Research Paper:
From an Interest to a Topic
In choosing a topic start with what interests you most deeply
Start by listing two or three interests you might like to explore/questions that you have wondered about
Examples
If you are undertaking a research project in a specific field, skim a recent textbook, talk to other students, or consult one of your teachers
Examples
You might try to identify an interest based on work you are doing or will do in a different course
Types of topics to avoid
If you are still stuck you can find help on the internet or in your library
Standard Guides in Various Fields
Dictionaries: briefly define concepts and sometimes offer a bibliography
Encyclopedias: give more extensive overviews and usually a bibliography
Bibliographies and Indexes list past and current publications in the field
Finding dictionaries, encyclopedias, and bibliographies in particular fields:
Go to Pfau Library Home Page
Under Search For heading click on the Encyclopedias/Dictionaries link
Under Search Online Databases heading select bibliographies and type your discipline into the search bar.
Scan headings for topics that catch your interest
Once you identify a general area of interest, use the internet to find out more about the topic so that you can narrow it.
At first you may not know enough about a general interest to turn it into a focused topic.
If so, you have to do some reading to know what to think about it.
Don’t read randomly: start with entries in a general encyclopedia, then look at entries in a specialized encyclopedia or dictionary, then browse through journals and websites until you have a grip on the general shape of your topic.
Previous Topics
Gender Discrimination and China’s One Child Policy
The Role of Attachmen.
Assignment GoalThe goal of the assignment is to strengthen scienwiddowsonerica
Assignment Goal
The goal of the assignment is to strengthen scientific thinking and writing. The
objective is for each student to write an objective, logical, fact-based paper using
evidence from high quality scientific research sources.
Topics
In general terms, your paper can examine selected consequences of social
inequality. Throughout your textbook, the author presents examples of how social
class impacts the lives of people. Some obvious examples are health, including
mental and physical illness, or parent’s social class and children’s educational
attainment. Each of the chapters on the major social classes examines the behaviors
and consequences of that class. Your paper could explore on of these issues in
greater detail. We are also seeing that race and gender are deeply interrelated with
social inequality. You could dig deeper into one of the problems or issues identified in
the book, or you could pursue some other thesis that links social inequality and race
or gender. The paper could be based on the work of Karl Marx and would use mostly
Marx’s writings.
The Major Social Factors
• Social class
• Gender
• Race/ethnicity
• Age
Your Paper Must Have A Thesis!
Your research paper must have a thesis. At the beginning of the paper, you must
state your research thesis. It can be part of a short introductory paragraph or it can
stand alone.
The following explanations include materials that are courtesy of Empire State
College, Online Writing Center.
www.esc.edu/online-writing-center/resources/research/research-paper-steps/
Research Topic
When you start working on your paper, you begin by selecting a topic. A topic is
what the essay or research paper is about. It provides a focus for your writing.
Choose an appropriate topic or issue for your research, one that actually can be
researched. Many topics can be found in your textbook. Example: “Attention Deficit
Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)”
Research Question
The next step in developing a thesis is to formulate a research question. Start by
listing all of the questions that you'd like answered yourself. (This assumes you are
curious about the topic!) Choose the best question, one that is neither too broad nor
too narrow. In the early stages of your research, you can use a search engine to
learn about the question and explore what high quality sources are available.
Sometimes the number of sources you find will help you discover whether your
2
research question is too broad, too narrow. Example: “Why have ADHD diagnoses
risen so rapidly in recent years?”
Research Thesis
A research thesis is your proposed answer to your research question, which you
finalize only after completing the research. (It's okay to modify and revise the
working thesis as you research more about the topic or issue.) Thesis example: “The
rise of A.D.H.D. diagnoses and prescriptions for stimulants coincided with a twodecade
campaign by pharmaceutical companies to publicize the ...
Foundations 111 Fall 2013 Thesis-Driven Essay Two Cont.docxbudbarber38650
Foundations 111 Fall 2013
Thesis-Driven Essay Two
Context
We continue to explore a wide variety of arguments in FDN111—about, for instance, how and how not to govern (Antigone,
Machiavelli, Hobbes), how to achieve self-knowledge (Plato, Augustine, Wordsworth), what it means to be a Christian (Paul,
Augustine, Luther) or a hero (Homer, Chretien de Troyes), how humans behave with no laws (Hobbes), and about how to achieve
greater equality between the sexes (Wollstonecraft). Understanding the arguments we read about, and the arguments we
encounter every day, is key to engaging with the world around us. It is also fundamental to your college and post-college
education and career, in whatever field you choose to pursue.
Goals
To practice defending a claim
To practice reading a text closely for full comprehension
To practice using examples and evidence to support assertions
To build critical thinking and writing skills through the exploring, outlining, drafting, revising process
To practice editing and proofreading
Assignment TDE 2A: Exploratory writing
The second thesis driven essay (TDE 2) will raise the expectations a little higher in two ways: (1) you will be expected to defend a
thesis comparing two of the selections in the Fdn 111 reader, and (2) you will be expected to explore this topic at a little greater
length (1500 words minimum vs. 1200 for TDE 1).
One problem that students often encounter in writing longer papers is that they find it difficult to write at greater length without
repeating themselves or having to bring in evidence and arguments that are weak or marginally relevant (if not completely
irrelevant). Hopefully from this course you have learned several strategies that you can use both to make a more persuasive
argument and to write papers that are longer because they investigate the topic in greater depth. These strategies include:
Finding and summarizing specific evidence from the texts you are discussing (or other types of evidence depending on
the subject matter), and being sure not just to paraphrase or quote the text but also to explain how this evidence relates
to your thesis.
Including material that establishes ethos and pathos, in addition to the logos (i.e. logic) you use to support your thesis
with specific evidence. (As we have seen in the readings, these are often a focus of the introduction and conclusion. In
these sections you should think about not just relating your specific thesis to a broader context, but also think about how
you can do this in a way that will make your readers more willing to be persuaded by the logic of your argument.)
Carefully describing and explaining counter evidence that appears to contradict your thesis, and then explaining how you
can reconcile this evidence with the thesis.
Carefully describing alternative theses, describing and explaining evidence that could support these alternatives, and then
evaluat.
PHI208AssignmentsWeek 5 - Final PaperFinal PaperPlease r.docxbartholomeocoombs
PHI208
Assignments
Week 5 - Final Paper
Final Paper
Please read these assignment instructions before writing your paper, and re-read them often during and after the writing process to make sure that you are fulfilling all of the instructions. Please also utilize the
assignment guidance
and the
outlined model
provided.
PHI208: WEEK FIVE ASSIGNMENT GUIDANCE
WEEK FIVE ASSIGNMENT GUIDANCE
Notes and Advice
This paper is a demonstration of what you have learned about moral reasoning based on our examining of ethical theories and specific ethical issues. As such, you should focus your attention on carefully spelling out the reasoning that supports your conclusion, and
relating
that to the theories we have discussed in class.
You are free to write on the same topic and question you wrote on in previous papers or choose a different topic and question.
If you choose a different topic, you
would
benefit from going through the Week One Assignment exercises.
For a list of acceptable topics to start with, see the options from the list of topics available in the online course. If you are still unsure of your topic or of how properly to focus it
into
a relevant ethical question, you are strongly encouraged to consult with your instructor.
You are free to draw upon the work you did in previous papers, and reuse parts that you feel were strong, but you are not to simply recycle the previous papers. This paper should reflect the culmination of the development of your thoughts on this issue, and
many of the requirements for the final paper cannot be satisfied by a heavily recycled paper
.
The consideration of an objection
against
your own view is a way of showing that your view has the support of good reasons and can answer its strongest objections. Therefore, aim at identifying and addressing the strongest opposing argument you can, bearing in mind that a good thesis should be able to respond to the best arguments for the other side.
Thesis Statement
The thesis statement is more than just a position statement of the sort you provided in the first assignment; rather, it states the position and the primary reasons in such a way that the reader should have a clear sense of how the reasons support the position, which is what will be spelled out and explained in the body of the paper. Please see the handout on thesis statements available in the online course.
Checklist
This checklist can help you ensure that you have completed all of the assignment instructions.
PHI208: WEEK FIVE ASSIGNMENT GUIDANCE
Make sure that you
ü
Provide an introduction that starts with the question, describes the ethical problem (including the most relevant issues), summarizes your procedure in the paper, and concludes with your thesis statement.
ü
Explain what you think is the best way to reason about this issue, and show as clearly and persuasively as you can how that reasoning supports your position.
ü
Make reference to at least two.
RESEARCH PAPER GUIDELINES ENGLISH G110 Length 2000 word.docxlillie234567
RESEARCH PAPER GUIDELINES | ENGLISH G110
Length: 2000 words (not counting Works Cited page).
Due: December 16, 2022
For your final paper you will write a research paper on Chinua Achebe’s Things Fall Apart. Your
argument will be part of a feminist, psychoanalytic, or postcolonial critical discussion of the text.
You are required to use six secondary sources, four of which are on the novel itself.
The basic process involved in writing a research paper in literature is no different than other kinds
of research papers. Begin with an area of interest, ask questions sparked by that interest, and
formulate a working hypothesis as a response to one or more of those questions.
TOPIC & THESIS
The better you know the text, the easier it will be to find a topic. I highly advise rereading the text
and writing down ideas as you read. Pay attention to recurring themes; ask questions that prompt
and guide further inquiry. To begin your inquiry, use the questions in our critical theory text. One or
more of those questions might lead you to a specific hypothesis of your own, or you might find that
the text allows for an entirely different psychoanalytic or postcolonial reading.
When you have a hypothesis (one that you’ll refine into a strong thesis), start gathering sources.
Begin with searches specific to your topic, and broaden them until you have a sufficient number of
secondary sources to review.
The goal of the research is, first, for you to see how your hypothesis fits into the critical discussion
of your topic. You’ll find that much has been said about the topic, in which case you will need to ask
yourself how you can add to the discussion. You might agree with critics, but come to your
conclusion through different analyses, or you might disagree and make that disagreement your
thesis. It’s also possible that there is very little (or no) critical discussion of your specific topic. In
that case, you are exploring new territory and offering new ways of understanding the text.
The second goal of the research is for you to introduce the critical discussion as context for your
now refined thesis and to continue that discussion throughout your essay, quoting and paraphrasing
criticism wherever it relates to your main ideas.
SOURCES
Primary sources are the literary works themselves, such as Achebe’s Things Fall Apart. Secondary sources
are works that analyze and interpret primary sources or provide relevant information. For this paper,
you are required to use six secondary sources. Four of your sources must discuss the novel itself.
Your other sources might be used for relevant contextual information, relevant concepts, etc. All of
your sources must be scholarly (scholarly books or scholarly articles).
As a student, you have access to a variety of databases through the library website. Use these
databases to search for scholarly articles.
Scholarly articles are written by scholars and experts in a particu.
PHI208 WEEK FIVE ASSIGNMENT GUIDANCE WEEK FIVE ASSIGNME.docxrandymartin91030
PHI208: WEEK FIVE ASSIGNMENT GUIDANCE
WEEK FIVE ASSIGNMENT GUIDANCE
Notes and Advice
This paper is a demonstration of what you have learned about moral reasoning based on our examining of ethical theories
and specific ethical issues. As such, you should focus your attention on carefully spelling out the reasoning that supports
your conclusion, and relating that to the theories we have discussed in class.
You are free to write on the same topic and question you wrote on in previous papers or choose a different topic and
question.
If you choose a different topic, you would benefit from going through the Week One Assignment exercises.
For a list of acceptable topics to start with, see the options from the list of topics available in the online course. If you are
still unsure of your topic or of how properly to focus it into a relevant ethical question, you are strongly encouraged to
consult with your instructor.
You are free to draw upon the work you did in previous papers, and reuse parts that you feel were strong, but you are not
to simply recycle the previous papers. This paper should reflect the culmination of the development of your thoughts on
this issue, and many of the requirements for the final paper cannot be satisfied by a heavily recycled paper.
The consideration of an objection against your own view is a way of showing that your view has the support of good
reasons and can answer its strongest objections. Therefore, aim at identifying and addressing the strongest opposing
argument you can, bearing in mind that a good thesis should be able to respond to the best arguments for the other side.
Thesis Statement
The thesis statement is more than just a position statement of the sort you provided in the first assignment; rather, it states
the position and the primary reasons in such a way that the reader should have a clear sense of how the reasons support the
position, which is what will be spelled out and explained in the body of the paper. Please see the handout on thesis
statements available in the online course.
Checklist
This checklist can help you ensure that you have completed all of the assignment instructions.
PHI208: WEEK FIVE ASSIGNMENT GUIDANCE
Make sure that you
Provide an introduction that starts with the question, describes the ethical problem (including the most relevant
issues), summarizes your procedure in the paper, and concludes with your thesis statement.
Explain what you think is the best way to reason about this issue, and show as clearly and persuasively as you can
how that reasoning supports your position.
Make reference to at least two of the approaches we have examined in the course.
Raise a relevant objection against your position that you can imagine being raised by someone holding a contrary
position.
Provide a strong response to that objection that shows that your own view can withstand it.
Provide a conc.
Philosophy 101 Ethics Paper Reminder about Essay FormatI. Sho.docxrandymartin91030
Philosophy 101 Ethics Paper
Reminder about Essay Format
I. Short INTRODUCTION with Your THESIS (i.e. your opinion about the right course of action)
II. Your first main REASON (relate to a theory such Utilitarianism, Reiman, Kant, Warren...)
III. Your second main REASON (relate to a theory such as Kantian ethics, Thomson, ...)
IV. An OBJECTION (how an opponent such as Sanctity of Life theorists, abolitionists, pro-choice advocates, Gelernter, Marquis, English ... might object to your view)
V. Your REPLY to this objection (how you would defend your view against the criticism)
VI. Short CONCLUSION
Paper Requirements:
Write a 3-5 page essay on one of the paper topics below. In this paper, you should discuss theories of two or three philosophers which we have discussed in class. You should incorporate into your paper some key ideas and central points made by at least two articles which have been assigned; parenthetical notation will be sufficient for citing any sources contained in our textbook. Outside sources, if used, must be properly cited. If no outside sources are used, then no bibliography is needed.
Paper format: typed, double-spaced, 12-point font Times Roman, with one inch margins and pages numbered. Label your paragraphs Introduction, Reason 1, Reason 2, Objection, Reply to Objection and Conclusion. For an example of how to label your paragraphs, please see the sample essay in the Essay folder.
Paper Topics
1. Abortion and Genetic Disease: Ann is a genetic carrier of a particular kind of muscular dystrophy. Duchene’s muscular dystrophy is a sex-linked disease that is inherited through the mother. Only males develop the disease, and each male child has a 50 percent chance of having it. The disease causes muscle weakness and often some mental retardation. It causes death through respiratory failure, usually in early adulthood. Ann is pregnant and does not want to risk having a child with this condition so she plans to use prenatal diagnosis and then to abort the fetus if it is male. Would Ann’s abortion be morally permissible?
2. Down Syndrome fetus - Mary and Phil wanted a third child and were delighted to discover that Mary became pregnant. However, during the fifth month of pregnancy, diagnostic tests revealed that the fetus was a boy with Down syndrome. The couple desire another child but do not want the added responsibility of taking care of a mentally retarded son. They decide to have an abortion and to try again to conceive another child, hoping for a normal infant next time. Is this case of abortion morally permissible?
3. Incompetent mother? – Tina has a history of drug abuse and prostitution. She has little education, a low IQ, and the emotional maturity of a ten-year-old. Her mother is Tina’s only living relative. Although Tina’s mother helps her daughter out by giving her a place to stay, her mother is on welfare and has little resources to share. At the age of 19, Tina becomes pregnant and .
Fungi reproduce ___________________________ by fragmentation, buddin.docxericbrooks84875
Fungi reproduce ___________________________ by fragmentation, budding, or producing spores.
10. In ___________________________ , pieces of hyphae grow into new mycelia.
11. The process of a parent cell undergoing mitosis and producing a new individual that pinches off,
matures, and separates from the parent is called ___________________________ .
12. When environmental conditions are right, a ___________________________ may germinate and
produce a threadlike ___________________________ that will grow into a mycelium.
13. Some hyphae grow away from the mycelium to produce a spore-containing structure called a
___________________________ .
14. In most fungi, the structures that support ___________________________ are the only part of the
fungus that can be seen.
15. Fungi may produce spores by ___________________________ or ___________________________ .
16. Many adaptations of fungi for survival involve ___________________________ .
17. ___________________________ protect spores and keep them from from drying out until they
are released.
18. A single puffball may produce a cloud containing as many as ___________________________ spores.
19. Producing a large number of spores increases a species’ chances of ___________________________ .
20. Fungal spores can be dispersed by ___________________________ , ___________________________ ,
and ___________________________ .
.
Full-Circle LearningMyLab™ Learning Full Circle for Mar.docxericbrooks84875
Full-Circle Learning
MyLab™: Learning Full Circle for Marketing,
Management, Business Communication,
and Intro to Business
BEFORE
CLASS
AFTER
CLASS DURING
CLASS
Decision
Sims, Videos,
and Learning
Catalytics
DSMs,
pre-lecture
homework,
eText
Writing
Space, Video
Cases, Quizzes/
Tests
MyLab
Critical Thinking
MyManagementLab®: Improves Student
Engagement Before, During, and After Class
Decision Making
BREAKTHROUGH
Prep and
Engagement
BREAK
THRO
UGH
To better resultsTo better results
• NEW! VIDEO LIBRARY – Robust video library with over 100 new book-specific videos that include
easy-to-assign assessments, the ability for instructors to add YouTube or other sources, the ability for
students to upload video submissions, and the ability for polling and teamwork.
• Decision-making simulations – NEW and improved feedback for students. Place your students
in the role of a key decision-maker! Simulations branch based on the decisions students make, providing
a variation of scenario paths. Upon completion students receive a grade, as well as a detailed report of
the choices and the associated consequences of those decisions.
• Video exercises – UPDATED with new exercises. Engaging videos that bring business concepts to
life and explore business topics related to the theory students are learning in class. Quizzes then assess
students’ comprehension of the concepts covered in each video.
• Learning Catalytics – A “bring your own device”
student engagement, assessment, and classroom
intelligence system helps instructors analyze
students’ critical-thinking skills during lecture.
• Dynamic Study Modules (DSMs) – UPDATED
with additional questions. Through adaptive
learning, students get personalized guidance where
and when they need it most, creating greater
engagement, improving knowledge retention, and
supporting subject-matter mastery. Also available
on mobile devices.
• Writing Space – UPDATED with new commenting tabs, new prompts, and a new tool
for students called Pearson Writer. A single location to develop and assess concept mastery
and critical thinking, the Writing Space offers automatic graded, assisted graded, and create your own
writing assignments, allowing you to exchange personalized feedback with students quickly and easily.
Writing Space can also check students’ work for improper citation or plagiarism by comparing it
against the world’s most accurate text comparison database available from Turnitin.
• Additional Features – Included with the MyLab are a powerful homework and test manager, robust
gradebook tracking, Reporting Dashboard, comprehensive online course content, and easily scalable
and shareable content.
http://www.pearsonmylabandmastering.com
Strategic
ManageMent
concepts and cases
A Competitive AdvAntAge ApproACh
This page intentionally left blank
Fred r. David
Francis Marion University
Florence, South Carolina
Forest r. David
Strategic Planning C.
Functional Requirements Document
Template
Version
Description of Change
Author
Date
CONTENTS
41
INTRODUCTION
1.1
Purpose
4
1.2
Scope
4
1.3
Background
4
1.4
References
4
1.5
Assumptions and Constraints
4
1.6
Document Overview
5
2
METHODOLOGY
5
3
FUNCTIONAL REQUIREMENTS
5
4.1
Context
5
4.2
User Requirements
5
4.3
Data Flow Diagrams
6
4.4
Logical Data Model/Data Dictionary
6
4.5
Functional Requirements
6
5
OTHER REQUIREMENTS
6
5.1
Interface Requirements
6
5.2
Data Conversion Requirements
7
5.3
Hardware/Software Requirements
7
5.4
Operational Requirements
7
APPENDIX A - GLOSSARY
11
1 INTRODUCTION
[Provide an overview of the system and some additional information to place the system in context.]
1.1 Purpose
[Provide an overall description of the FRD, its purpose. Reference the system name and identifying information about the system to be implemented.]
1.2 Scope
[Discuss the scope of the document and how it accomplishes its purpose.]
1.3 Background
[Describe the organization and its overall responsibilities. Describe who is producing the document and why.]
1.4 References
[List references and controlling documents, including: meeting summaries, white papers, other deliverables, etc.]
1.5 Assumptions and Constraints
[Provide a list of contractual or task level assumptions and/or constraints that are preconditions to preparation of the FRD. Assumptions are future situations beyond the control of the project, whose outcomes influence the success of a project.]
1.5.1 Assumptions
Examples of assumptions include: availability of a technical platform, legal changes and policy decisions.
1.5.2 Constraints
Constraints are boundary conditions on how the system must be designed and constructed. Examples include: legal requirements, technical standards, strategic decisions.
· Constraints exist because of real business conditions. For example, a delivery date is a constraint only if there are real business consequences that will happen as a result of not meeting the date. If failing to have the subject application operational by the specified date places the organization in legal default, the date is a constraint.
· Preferences are arbitrary. For example, a date chosen arbitrarily is a preference. Preferences, if included in the FRD, should be noted as such.]
1.6 Document Overview
[Provide a description of the document organization.]
2 METHODOLOGY
[Describe the overall approach used in the determination of the FRD contents. Describe the modeling method(s) so non-technical readers can understand what they are conveying.]
3 FUNCTIONAL REQUIREMENTS
4.1 Context
[Provide a context diagram of the system, with explanations as applicable. The context of a system refers to the connections and relationships between the system and its environment.]Exhibit 2 - Generic Context Diagram
Data 6
Data 1
Data 3
Data 4
Data 7
Data 2
Data 8
System/
Application
Name
Interface
Name 2
Interface
Name 4
Interface
Name 1
(User)
Interface
Name 3
Da.
Fully answer any ONE of the following essay questions1. Is the.docxericbrooks84875
Fully answer any ONE of the following essay questions:
1. Is there an obligation to promote the common good? Contrast the views of Bentham, Kant, and Ross on that question. Whose view do you think is best? Why?
2. What does it mean to claim that ethics is an
a priori
discipline? Who agrees with that view? What is Bentham's view of the nature of ethics (hint: empirical science)? How does Ross combine those views?
3. Both Kant and Ross are nonconsequentialists, yet they disagree about the role of consequences in determining the morally right act. Compare and contrast their views regarding the role of consequences. which view is preferable? Why?
.
Fully answer any ONE of the following essay questions1. Is t.docxericbrooks84875
Fully answer any ONE of the following essay questions:
1. Is there an obligation to promote the common good? Contrast the views of Bentham, Kant, and Ross on that question. Whose view do you think is best? Why?
2. What does it mean to claim that ethics is an
a priori
discipline? Who agrees with that view? What is Bentham's view of the nature of ethics (hint: empirical science)? How does Ross combine those views?
3. Both Kant and Ross are nonconsequentialists, yet they disagree about the role of consequences in determining the morally right act. Compare and contrast their views regarding the role of consequences. which view is preferable? Why?
.
From the weeks chapter reading, we learn from the authors that,.docxericbrooks84875
From the week's chapter reading, we learn from the authors that, the use of mobile devices in our society today has indeed become ubiquitous. In addition, CTIA asserted that over 326 million mobile devices were in use within The United States as of December 2012 – an estimated growth of more than 100 percent penetration rate with users carrying more than one device with notable continues growth. From this research, it’s evident that mobile computing has vastly accelerated in popularity over the last decade due to several factors noted by the authors in our chapter reading.
Q1: In consideration with this revelation, identify and name these factors, and provide a brief discussion about them?
.
FTER watching the videos and reviewing the other materials in this.docxericbrooks84875
FTER
watching the videos and reviewing the other materials in this Learning Unit, answer BOTH of the questions below.
1) Discuss the use of imagery in the poem "kitchenette building" by Gwendolyn Brooks. In your answer, make sure to identify specific images and explain how or why the poet uses them.
2) Discuss the use of diction in the poem "The Secretary Chant" by Marge Piercy. In your answer, make sure to identify specific word choices and explain how or why the poet uses them.
.
fter completing the reading this week, we reflect on a few key conce.docxericbrooks84875
fter completing the reading this week, we reflect on a few key concepts this week and answer question number
How does culture impact leadership? Can culture be seen as a constraint on leadership?
Please be sure to answer all the questions above in the initial post.
Please ensure the initial post and two response posts are substantive. Substantive posts will do at least TWO of the following:
Ask an interesting, thoughtful question pertaining to the topic
Expand on the topic, by adding additional thoughtful information
Answer a question posted by another student in detail
Share an applicable personal experience
Provide an outside source
Make an argument
At least one scholarly (peer-reviewed) resource should be used in the initial discussion thread. Please ensure to use information from your readings and other sources from the UC Library. Use APA references and in-text citations.
.
FS-3FORD MOTOR COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIESCONSOLIDATED INCO.docxericbrooks84875
FS-3
FORD MOTOR COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED INCOME STATEMENT
(in millions, except per share amounts)
For the years ended December 31,
2016 2017 2018
Revenues
Automotive $ 141,546 $ 145,653 $ 148,294
Ford Credit 10,253 11,113 12,018
Mobility 1 10 26
Total revenues (Note 4) 151,800 156,776 160,338
Costs and expenses
Cost of sales 126,195 131,321 136,269
Selling, administrative, and other expenses 10,972 11,527 11,403
Ford Credit interest, operating, and other expenses 8,847 9,047 9,463
Total costs and expenses 146,014 151,895 157,135
Interest expense on Automotive debt 894 1,133 1,171
Interest expense on Other debt 57 57 57
Other income/(loss), net (Note 5) 169 3,267 2,247
Equity in net income of affiliated companies 1,780 1,201 123
Income before income taxes 6,784 8,159 4,345
Provision for/(Benefit from) income taxes (Note 7) 2,184 402 650
Net income 4,600 7,757 3,695
Less: Income/(Loss) attributable to noncontrolling interests 11 26 18
Net income attributable to Ford Motor Company $ 4,589 $ 7,731 $ 3,677
EARNINGS PER SHARE ATTRIBUTABLE TO FORD MOTOR COMPANY COMMON AND CLASS B STOCK (Note 8)
Basic income $ 1.16 $ 1.94 $ 0.93
Diluted income 1.15 1.93 0.92
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME
(in millions)
For the years ended December 31,
2016 2017 2018
Net income $ 4,600 $ 7,757 $ 3,695
Other comprehensive income/(loss), net of tax (Note 21)
Foreign currency translation (1,024) 314 (523)
Marketable securities (8) (34) (11)
Derivative instruments 219 (265) 183
Pension and other postretirement benefits 56 37 (56)
Total other comprehensive income/(loss), net of tax (757) 52 (407)
Comprehensive income 3,843 7,809 3,288
Less: Comprehensive income/(loss) attributable to noncontrolling interests 10 24 18
Comprehensive income attributable to Ford Motor Company $ 3,833 $ 7,785 $ 3,270
The accompanying notes are part of the consolidated financial statements.
FS-4
FORD MOTOR COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEET
(in millions)
December 31,
2017
December 31,
2018
ASSETS
Cash and cash equivalents (Note 9) $ 18,492 $ 16,718
Marketable securities (Note 9) 20,435 17,233
Ford Credit finance receivables, net (Note 10) 52,210 54,353
Trade and other receivables, less allowances of $412 and $94 10,599 11,195
Inventories (Note 12) 11,176 11,220
Other assets 3,889 3,930
Total current assets 116,801 114,649
Ford Credit finance receivables, net (Note 10) 56,182 55,544
Net investment in operating leases (Note 13) 28,235 29,119
Net property (Note 14) 35,327 36,178
Equity in net assets of affiliated companies (Note 15) 3,085 2,709
Deferred income taxes (Note 7) 10,762 10,412
Other assets 8,104 7,929
Total assets $ 258,496 $ 256,540
LIABILITIES
Payables $ 23,282 $ 21,520
Other liabilities and deferred revenue (Note 16) 19,697 20,556
Automotive debt payable within one year (Note 18) 3,356 2,314
Ford Credit debt payable within one year (Note 18) 48,265 51,179
Total current liabilities 94,600 95,56.
Fromm’s concept of the syndrome of decay included three personality .docxericbrooks84875
Fromm’s concept of the syndrome of decay included three personality disorders: (1) necrophilia, or love of death; (2) malignant narcissism, or extreme self-interest; and (3) incestuous symbiosis, or a passionate devotion to one’s mother or a mother substitute. Fromm identified Adolf Hitler as the most conspicuous example of a person with the syndrome of decay. If Fromm’s conception is valid, one would see the syndrome of decay traits in contemporary personalities. Identify recent examples of well-known people with the syndrome of decay, including serial killers or heads of state who manifest the love of death. Pay special attention to malignant narcissism and incestuous symbiosis.
.
From your readings in Chapter 4, choose one of the organizational sy.docxericbrooks84875
From your readings in Chapter 4, choose one of the organizational systems such as social, ethical, religious, spiritual, educational, ecological/environmental, political, economic, technological, and legal systems. Discuss how this organizational system can prepare you to care for individuals from other cultures.
.
From your daily briefs, Kaiser Health News Morning Briefing or P.docxericbrooks84875
From your daily briefs, Kaiser Health News Morning Briefing or POLITICO Pulse.
List the interest groups that are mentioned in the brief and what their interest is in the piece.
Categorize the issues in the brief according to the following—politics and politicians, access to health care, health care insurance, health care legislation, money, drugs, or other.
.
From the perspective of the public safety field youre in, aspire to.docxericbrooks84875
From the perspective of the public safety field you're in, aspire to be in, or have researched, discuss what activity(s) performed by someone in that field are most likely to result in claims of civil liability against the individual, organization, or both. What, if any measures could be taken by the individual or organization to minimize those risks. What factors could leave an individual personally liable for damages related to the claim.
.
From the following terms Orthodox Judaism, Hassidic Judaism. Brief.docxericbrooks84875
From the following terms: Orthodox Judaism, Hassidic Judaism. Briefly define these two terms, then explain their relationship to one another. How are they similar, and how are they different? What lead to their development?
The destruction of the 2nd Temple in Jerusalem marks a major shift in the history and character of Judaism. What characterizes Jewish practice before the destruction of the 2nd Temple, and what characterizes Jewish practice after the Temple's destruction? How are these practices different? What was maintained?
APA format minimum 2 scholarly articles
.
From the end of Chapter 14, complete Discussion Question 3 What are.docxericbrooks84875
From the end of Chapter 14, complete Discussion Question 3: What are the main advantages of using a network-based approach to project management rather than a Gantt chart? Under what circumstances might a Gantt chart be preferable to a network-based approach?
Required Resources
Text
Bozarth, C. C., & Handfield, R. B. (2016).
Introduction to operations and supply chain management
(4th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson.
Chapter 3: Process choice and layout decisions in manufacturing and services
Chapter 6: Managing capacity
Chapter 14: Managing projects
Chapter 15: Developing products and services
.
From the e-Activity, take a position on this statement People that .docxericbrooks84875
From the e-Activity, take a position on this statement: People that resist using online social networks such as Facebook and Twitter are an unusual minority in this country. Support your position with one or two examples.
Discuss the value of seeing an issue from different, and often opposing, points of view and the skills and knowledge you gained from taking this course.
.
From Chapter Seven How does horizontal growth differ from v.docxericbrooks84875
From Chapter Seven:
How does horizontal growth differ from vertical growth as a corporate strategy? From concentric diversification?
From Chapter Eight:
Are functional strategies interdependent, or can they be formulated independently of other functions?
.
From the e-Activity, determine the fundamental differences between t.docxericbrooks84875
From the e-Activity, determine the fundamental differences between the Reid, Kinesic, and Peace Methods of interviewing and interrogating a suspect that are used as part of a criminal investigation. Provide one example of a situation or scenario (real or fictional) when each of these has been or should have been used. Provide a rationale to support your response and respond to no less than one of your peers.
.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
The Art Pastor's Guide to Sabbath | Steve ThomasonSteve Thomason
What is the purpose of the Sabbath Law in the Torah. It is interesting to compare how the context of the law shifts from Exodus to Deuteronomy. Who gets to rest, and why?
Ethnobotany and Ethnopharmacology:
Ethnobotany in herbal drug evaluation,
Impact of Ethnobotany in traditional medicine,
New development in herbals,
Bio-prospecting tools for drug discovery,
Role of Ethnopharmacology in drug evaluation,
Reverse Pharmacology.
We all have good and bad thoughts from time to time and situation to situation. We are bombarded daily with spiraling thoughts(both negative and positive) creating all-consuming feel , making us difficult to manage with associated suffering. Good thoughts are like our Mob Signal (Positive thought) amidst noise(negative thought) in the atmosphere. Negative thoughts like noise outweigh positive thoughts. These thoughts often create unwanted confusion, trouble, stress and frustration in our mind as well as chaos in our physical world. Negative thoughts are also known as “distorted thinking”.
Students, digital devices and success - Andreas Schleicher - 27 May 2024..pptxEduSkills OECD
Andreas Schleicher presents at the OECD webinar ‘Digital devices in schools: detrimental distraction or secret to success?’ on 27 May 2024. The presentation was based on findings from PISA 2022 results and the webinar helped launch the PISA in Focus ‘Managing screen time: How to protect and equip students against distraction’ https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/education/managing-screen-time_7c225af4-en and the OECD Education Policy Perspective ‘Students, digital devices and success’ can be found here - https://oe.cd/il/5yV
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
How to Split Bills in the Odoo 17 POS ModuleCeline George
Bills have a main role in point of sale procedure. It will help to track sales, handling payments and giving receipts to customers. Bill splitting also has an important role in POS. For example, If some friends come together for dinner and if they want to divide the bill then it is possible by POS bill splitting. This slide will show how to split bills in odoo 17 POS.
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
How to Create Map Views in the Odoo 17 ERPCeline George
The map views are useful for providing a geographical representation of data. They allow users to visualize and analyze the data in a more intuitive manner.
Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptxRaedMohamed3
An EFL lesson about the current events in Palestine. It is intended to be for intermediate students who wish to increase their listening skills through a short lesson in power point.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
Writing the Term PaperPHIL1120 Environmental EthicsInstr.docx
1. Writing the Term Paper
PHIL1120 Environmental Ethics
Instructor Bearden
Fall 2011
Contents:
1. How do I select a topic for a philosophy paper? (1)
2. What is a thesis statement? (2)
3. Using outside sources (4)
4. Possible paper topics (6)
How do I select a topic for a philosophy paper?
All students are expected to write one term paper on a relevant
topic in the course that
considers a philosophical position or contemporary
environmental issue in detail. Papers
should be 5-6 pages in length, double-spaced, in font size 12
and free from grammatical and
other errors. Papers should show creativity and imagination but
should also be written with
clarity and precision. Students will first submit a thesis
statement indicating their topic,
proposed argument, and support from philosophical sources.
The thesis is worth 5% of the
final grade and is graded on a pass/fail basis. Students will
receive comments and guidance
from the instructor regarding their thesis before the paper’s due
date. Consult the Course
Schedule for all due dates. Students are warmly encouraged to
discuss the paper topic with
2. the instructor. Please see the instructor if you have further
questions or need help during any
phase of the writing process.
The first step in the writing process is picking a topic that
interests you. What issues
were you hoping to tackle in this course? What ideas have most
impacted the way you think?
What would you like to know more about? Narrowing the field
to a few topics is a good start.
From there, consider what readings our book offers on the
subject. You are free to write about
any environmental issue, as long as it is considered from a
moral point of view. That said,
you might also look into public policy, environmental science,
economics or any other
related field. Following your interest is one way to encourage
creativity in your papers.
Starting with a question regarding your topic is a good second
step. What would you
like to investigate about a particular topic? Consider the scope
of your paper and whether or
not there will be conclusive and clear evidence for you to
research. Solid papers will argue
for a clear point and will incorporate relevant evidence when
applicable. As you settle on
your topic, consider what premises you will need to consider in
order to reach a conclusion
on your topic. Think of these premises as the primary support
for what your paper aims to
prove. These three premises should help frame your paper,
setting the scope of your
investigation. Next, consider how each of these premises
logically fit together to help you
address your topic of choice. Try to make these premises fit as
precisely as possible. The
more you are able to simplify these premises into a logical
3. argument, the more precise your
paper will be. Obviously, you’ll return to these as you pursue
this topic through research. But
you are now on your way to formulating a thesis. For a more
detailed discussion of the thesis
statement, keep reading…
Bearden 1
What is a thesis statement?
In the assigned term papers you are free to present arguments
for your views, but you
may also consider offering arguments for positions you
personally do not agree with. Part of
philosophizing is learning how to present and analyze
arguments effectively; separating
yourself from the argument is often a good method of learning
how to philosophize. (For
instance, maybe you think the strong animal rights position is
too strong, but you could try to
argue in its favor.) In this sense, argument means: “to offer a
set of reasons or evidence in
support of a conclusion,” (Anthony Weston, A Rulebook for
Arguments, xi). This is how
argumentation differs from opinion. Opinions often lack a ready
set of reasons or evidence
that can be offered in support. The conclusion is carefully
reached, whereas an opinion is
merely asserted without supporting reasons or evidence.
Since you are writing an argumentative paper, the thesis is the
most important aspect
of a paper. Please note again that a thesis statement (rough
draft) is due before the paper due
date. During the writing process, the thesis should be the first
4. and last thing you write. First,
decide what you will argue based on the reading and research
you have done. Then after you
have written the body of the paper using that research, return to
the thesis. Check to make
sure that what you have actually written about is what you say
you are writing about in your
thesis. In other words, your thesis should be a summary of
everything you have written. If
you wrote about something or failed to write about something
that your first drafted thesis
includes, you should revise the thesis accordingly. Likewise, if
you planned to discuss a
point, but omit it from the final draft, revise your thesis.
Restating your thesis (using new
phrasing) also will provide the conclusion to your paper.
Another way to think about a thesis statement is to consider
what question you are
asking in your paper. Your thesis statement can include a
question or questions, but a
question alone (even a set of questions) is not sufficient enough
for a thesis. Questions can be
provocative and interesting, but they lack substance. Questions
alone do not help the reader
determine how you will answer the question(s). Thus a proper
thesis should be your answer
to that question. What are you trying to prove or establish
through argument based on an
initial question? The more precise your initial question means
you will be able to provide a
more detailed and precise thesis. Consider a full answer to your
question might consist in
three or four sentences, rather than one sentence alone.
When I read your papers, I should know exactly what the paper
is going to be about.
Though it may take away the surprise, a well crafted
5. philosophical essay gives away the
central argument and conclusion right up front. Every main idea
or argument contained in the
paper should be mentioned and given a brief introduction in the
thesis statement. The thesis
is a short version of your argument. See the example below:
Example of a Strong Thesis:
Anthropocentrism is the view that only human animals have
moral value. However,
recent moral philosophers have attacked the underlying
assumption that animals are
always inferior to humans. The utilitarian philosopher Peter
Singer claims that
because the ability to feel pain and pleasure is morally relevant,
we should extend
moral consideration to nonhuman animals who share this
capacity. Human activities
Bearden 2
such as consumption of animal meat and other products,
scientific testing, and
hunting or trapping inflict pain on animals and hence, Singer
claims these practices
are morally wrong and ought to be abandoned. I will agree with
Singer that pain is
morally relevant, however, it does not always follow that not
killing an animal
produces the least amount of pain. Also, if animal agriculture
and scientific testing
could undergo reforms to reduce inflicted suffering, it might be
justified to continue
using animals in this way. Killing or using an animal does not
6. automatically imply
that the animal is inferior, and though while anthropocentrism
may be morally
groundless, Singer offers no compelling reason to fully abolish
using animals to
human ends, even where there is a conflict of equal
consideration of interests.
Following this thesis statement the body of the paper will
progress as follows.
1. Develop Singer’s critique of anthropocentrism.
2. Explain how the utilitarian theory helps provide the basis of
moral consideration
(considering who/what feels pain and pleasure; the right actions
tend to maximizes
pleasure or happiness, and wrong actions do the reverse,
considering everyone).
3. Develop Singer’s case for the Strong Animal Rights position.
4. Your position: offer a critique of the strong animal rights
position (preferably
appealing to some relevant research that can strengthen your
case). Make sure you
reach a judgment. You might decide to argue in favor of
Singer’s position, but it’s a
good idea to consider at least one other perspective or one
serious objection to the
view. This makes your conclusion stronger!
Example of a Weak Thesis:
In the history of philosophy, one thing that is determined is that
philosophers always
disagree and contradict each other. Is global warming real? Why
does this even
7. matter? Isn’t it obvious that people matter more than animals or
natural objects? I feel
that there is nothing wrong with the environment, it’s all made
up by Hollywood and
the media.
This thesis is weak because:
1. It broadly considers the disagreements among unnamed
philosophers with no
central relevance to any paper topic. Watch out for hasty
generalizations that don’t
offer support of your argument directly. Also be careful not to
use sweeping
historical generalizations either.
2. It raises questions that it fails to answer. Remember that
statement form is the
proper format for a strong thesis, not questions. If you raise
questions, then
consider how your paper will answer them definitively. If you
are unable to address
the questions (because they are too broad or rhetorical) then
consider other
questions.
3. It doesn’t address a clear and relevant topic. It’s unclear if
the paper will address
global warming or animal rights, the human caused
environmental crisis, the
difference between what is factual and what is perception, or all
of the above.
Bearden 3
8. 4. Lastly, while it does almost take a position (generally
something to aim for), it is
not supported as a reasonable conclusion from the thesis. In fact
it’s not clear what
the central position is, so it’s unclear how this position will be
reached with a well-
researched argument. Consider that this position also radically
differs from the
view contemporary science favors (that some human actions are
majorly
destructive to the environment--can recent catastrophes such as
the Gulf oil spill or
nuclear power plant meltdowns be totally ignored?). Consider
reasons relevant
from the assigned reading and further research. You are
encouraged to form your
own views and articulate your opinion, just make sure that you
find support for it.
Once you offer support of your position, it ceases to be mere
opinion only.
Using Outside Sources:
This term paper requires consulting and incorporating
scholarly sources, both primary
and secondary. A primary source is a text from the philosopher
you are writing about in their
own words (our text is a primary source reader, so any of the
articles count as primary
sources). A secondary source is someone else writing about the
ideas/concepts of your
philosopher (the editorial introductions by Pojman are
secondary sources). If you have any
question about acceptable sources, please see the instructor. The
syllabus mentions a few
helpful internet resources as well that might provide a good
9. starting point, including a link to
finding philosophy materials through the library. The library
offers helpful research searches
by field, this is called the RSQ (here is the link:
http://research.anokaramsey.edu/). Please
note that your sources should be scholarly (sorry Wikipedia
fans, but it’s not scholarly). In
other words, they are written by professionals working in the
field. Exceptional essays will
include a minimum of three scholarly sources and will probably
attempt to read at least one
philosophical primary source. Mediocre essays will use limited
research.
Citing sources is an important aspect of writing a paper. The
general rule is to cite
every idea or thought that is not your own. Sometimes you will
quote a source, other times
you will paraphrase or summarize a source, in all cases, cite a
source after you have finished
with the thought. I should be able to tell when, where, and how
you used sources from
references in the body of the paper and from your bibliography
page. If you fail to cite, you
have plagiarized!
Citing sources in the text:
author and page
number.
sure to
distinguish between them by including the title.
is cited, the
10. whole bibliographic information should be used.
publication along with
author and page number.
Bearden 4
to it!). I do not
require a specific citation manual style, so follow the style you
know best. But
be consistent, and include all relevant information.
Bibliography:
referenced at some
point in the paper.
r essay, make sure the
same source
appears on the bibliography.
-half
inch.
bibliographic
reference:
• author(s), listed by full name, last name first
• book, journal, or website title in italics or underlined
11. • article title (if there is one), usually in quotations
• edition or volume number (if applicable)
• editor or translator’s names (if applicable)
• publication city
• publisher
• publication year (or more precise date for internet sources)
• page numbers (if a source has multiple articles with multiple
authors,
e.g., citing an article from Pojman requires providing the
specific page
numbers of the article)
• website URL (if internet source)
• date you were on the website to obtain the source (only for
internet
sources)
Examples:
Brink, David. “Mill’s Moral and Political Philosophy.” in
Stanford Encyclopedia of
Philosophy. Published online October 9, 2007:
http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/mill-
moral-political/. Accessed November 6, 2007.
Mill, John Stuart. “Nature” in Environmental Ethics: Readings
in Theory and Application.
Sixth Edition. Louis P. Pojman and Paul Pojman, editors.
Boston: Wadsworth
Cengage Learning, 2012. Pp. 122-129.
12. Bearden 5
http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/mill-moral-political/
http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/mill-moral-political/
http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/mill-moral-political/
http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/mill-moral-political/
Possible Paper Topics:
• Consider at least two arguments that address the topic of
anthropocentrism (Kant, Wilson,
Singer, Regan, Rolston, Naess, Devall and Sessions, Fox,
Taylor, Leopold, etc.). What are
the moral implications from anthropocentrism (what is implied
practically from its truth or
falsity)? On what grounds do such arguments appeal (to a
special capacity, unique to
humans, or to a commonality like the capacity for sentience,
etc.)? Which argument do you
find most compelling and why? What does this imply about
human actions?
• From an ethical perspective, is it possible to justify or defend
the inequality of humans and
non-human animals (i.e., speciesism)? Is species egalitarianism
the only way to promote
respect of the environment and non-human animals? Can we get
to species egalitarianism
only through utilitarian theories (consider at least two of the
philosophers: Singer, Regan
and Warren)?
• Respond to Dale Jamieson’s argument against Zoos. What
justifications for zoos does
13. Jamieson consider? What are his responses to those arguments?
Do his arguments have
broader implications, such as whether or not it is justifiable to
own pets? Are his arguments
convincing? What other philosophers help advance this
discussion (would Singer or Regan
support Jamieson’s conclusion, why or why not; can you find
any moral or other arguments
that present a compelling case for the preservation of zoos)?
• Consider the diverse deontological arguments on animal rights
(Kant, Wilson, and Regan).
How do each of their arguments work, and what conclusions do
they reach about animal
rights? Evaluate their arguments. Which is the most compelling
and why? Do you agree
with the strongest argument, why or why not (this recognizes
that the best argument may
not be the one that represents your own position)?
• Does Nature itself have value? What type of value does nature
have (instrumental,
aesthetic, intrinsic)? Consider at least two arguments that
address the value of nature (and
there is a long list: Rolston, Naess, Devall and Sessions, Fox,
Watson, Bookchin, Meadows,
Russow, Schweitzer, Taylor, Leopold, and Callicott). A great
approach for a paper like this
is to take two philosophers whose views differ (that itself is not
hard to accomplish), pit
them against one another, and argue for who you think provides
the most compelling
argument. Give reasons in support of your answer. Consider the
implications of such views
(if nature is intrinsically valuable, do we have to take a “hands-
off” approach?).
14. Considering the implications can provide a good way to analyze
whether the theories are
useful.
• Consider any of the following topics from a moral standpoint.
Use the readings in the text
to get you started, but your research may pull you in other
directions as well:
human impact on
the environment
Bearden 6
resources
and moral considerations of
diet
international
environmental convention)
evaluate alternate
energy solutions, from hybrid cars to solar panels and wind
farms)
environmentally
unfriendly?
15. The important point that makes such a topic morally relevant is
that you will make claims
about what we ought to do from a moral perspective. Given the
environmental problem,
how might we address it morally? Keep in mind that ethics
strives for ideals, so you may
argue for a high standard. For instance, even though not
everyone may become a
vegetarian, a strong argument for it will make even the self-
satisfied but reflective meat-
eater seriously consider their diet!
• Many of our articles are a brief section of a book by the
author. Consider writing a book
review of any of the authors included in our textbook who have
piqued your interest (e.g.,
Peter Singer’s Animal Liberation, or Tom Regan’s The Case for
Animal Rights). You might
also consider a book review for authors who have been
mentioned in the online learning
(Rolston’s Genes Genesis and God, or de Waal’s Primates and
Philosophers). Students are
encouraged to run the book by the instructor first, in order to
determine the philosophical
relevancy. This topic does not necessarily excuse you from
outside research; many of the
prominent books have generated many other publications
(articles, reviews, books, etc.)
which may be relevant to a strong review essay.
Feel free to propose your own topic too!
• If you do propose your own topic, make sure that it is relevant
at some level to philosophy
or to environmental ethics.
• Avoid focusing on the bibliography of a philosopher. Though
16. many philosophers live/d
interesting lives, this assignment is NOT to profile the life of a
philosopher in a biography.
That said, the biography of the philosopher is probably not
relevant at any point in the
paper, even as an introduction to your paper or topic.
• You are also encouraged to consider a topic that is cross-
disciplinary, meaning it might
include scientific, public policy on a local or international
level, economics or other related
research. Just make sure that you don’t omit philosophical
consideration. See the instructor
with any questions.
Bearden 7
Order/Audience and Analysis Notes.docx
Audience and Analysis Notes
SKIP TO COURSE MENUSKIP TO TOP FRAME TABS
Content
Top of Form
Bottom of Form
Page 2 of 7
Report and Proposal Notes:
The reading process is important to consider when writing a
report or proposal:
· People are constantly evaluating what you say. If your readers
feel that you have made too many questionable statements, they
will disregard your report. So, it is important for you to provide
reasons for your audience to believe you at every step. Provide
17. expert citations or rational reasons for why your readers should
come to the same conclusion you do.
· Don't overwhelm your reader. Your readers will do best with
small groups of information. Whenever possible, piece your
information into chunks of two to seven. Conversely, you
shouldn't present long lists of data or descriptions because your
readers will have trouble processing that information. You can
chunk information by organizing it in headings and
subheadings. You can also chunk information inside short lists
or tables.
Interpreting Analysis
In feasibility reports as well as proposals, readers are often
asking questions like:
· "What's in this report for me?"
· "Does this report move our organization toward its goals?
Does it move me toward my goals?"
· "Why should I believe you?"
· "Does this resonate with what I know about this problem?"
o Thus, at each statement, you run the risk of having your
reader disagree with you. If your reader disagrees enough, he or
she will likely dismiss your report or proposal. Therefore, you
need to do what you can to help your reader see why he or she
should agree with you.
Show vs. Tell
Show your reader why or how you came to the conclusions you
did, rather than tell your reader why or how you came to those
conclusions. This distinction is crucial.
o If you merely tell your reader that you determined that your
solution met the cost criterion, you haven't helped persuade
your reader. He/she could easily say, "I don't believe you," and
your report or proposal could then run the risk of being
ineffective. Rather, you should say, "I called five nationally
competitive vendors and received quotes on