This document summarizes a four-week internship at a 400 KV substation in Muzaffarnagar, Uttar Pradesh. The internship was performed under the guidance of Raj Kumar, an executive engineer, and involved learning about the main equipment in a substation, including transformers, transmission buses, switches, circuit breakers, and other devices. The substation steps down electricity from 400 KV to 220 KV or 132 KV to reduce transmission losses over long distances.

1. 400 KV Substation Division Muzaffarnagar U.P. -251001
Submitted To:-
Dr. Nidhi Singh Pal
( H.O.D. E.E.)
Submitted By:-
Ashutosh Mishra (19/BEE/014)
Divyanshu Gautam (19/BEE/018)
Sumit Yadav (19/BEE/046)
Guidance Of: Raj Kumar (Executive Engineer)

2. Content
1.About Internship
2. Substation
3. Main Equipments of Sub Station
Transformer
Substation bus (rigid or
strain bus)
Switches
Switchgear
Bus Support Insulators
Suspension insulators
Wave Trapper
Lightning Arresters
Circuit Breakers
Isolators
Current transformers
Potential Transformers
Capacitors Bank

3. About Internship
This is four week long internship performed at
400 KV Substation Division Muzaffarnagar U.P. , under
the Guidance Of Raj Kumar (Executive Engineer).This
internship was basically a second year curriculum of
Gautam Buddha University.
In this internship we learn following things of
substation like Transformer ,Substation bus ,Switches
etc.

4. 400 KV GRID IN U.P. 400 KV Substation
Muzaffarnagar

5. Electric power is generated in Generating Stations. The voltage at which the
power is generated in generating stations lies between 11KV to 25KV. This
voltage is not suitable for bulk power transmission over long distances as it
results in increased transmission line losses.For reduces these losses the
generated terminal voltage is stepped up to Transmission Voltage (Say,
132K.V./ 220 K.V. /400 K.V. and 765kv).

6. About 400 KV Substation Muzaffanagar
Input: 400KV
Output:220KV or 132KV
This is basically for minimizing losses between transmission

7. Transformer
Substation bus (rigid or strain bus)
Switches (Vertical, side, center, double, etc. break)
Switchgear
Bus Support Insulators
Suspension insulators
Wave Trapper
Lightning Arresters
Circuit Breakers
Isolators
Current transformers
Potential Transformers
Capacitors Bank
Other
Main Equipments of Sub Station

8. A transformer is a device that transfers electrical energy from one circuit to another through inductively
coupled conductor-the transformer coils. A varying current in the first or primary winding creates a varying
magnetic field through the secondary winding. The varying magnetic field induces a varying electromotive
force (EMF)or voltage in the secondary winding . this effect is called mutual induction.
Transformer

9. Line trap also is known as Wave trap. What it does is trapping the high frequency communication
signals sent on the line from the remote substation and diverting them to the telecom/teleportation
panel in the substation control room (through coupling capacitor and LMU).
Line Trap

10. Surge Arrestor Is Used To Divert The Trasient Over Voltage Surges To Earth & Thus
Protect the Sub Station Equipments From Ligthning And Switching Over Voltage Surges.
Surge Arrestor

11. A circuit breaker is an automatically-operated electrical switch.In Simple Words, A C.B is an
equipment which can open/close a circuit under all conditions i.e. no load, full load, fault
conditions.
Circuit Breaker

12. A disconnector or isolator switch is used to make sure that an electrical circuit can be
completely de-energized for service or maintenance.Earthing Switch Is Used To Discharge The
Voltage On The Circuit To Earth For Safety
Disconnector or Isolator

13. A current transformer (CT) is used for the measurement of electric currents.When current in a circuit is too high
to directly apply to measuring instruments, a current transformer produces a reduced current accurately
proportional to the current in the circuit, which can be connected to measuring and recording instruments.
Current Transformer(C.T.)

14. Capacitor banks can improve the power factor if the load is leading, which is unusual. Typically in substations capacitor
banks are employed to reduce over voltage.Shunt capacitor banks are used to improve the quality of the electrical supply
and the efficient operation of the powersystem. Studies show that a flat voltage profile on the system can
Capacitor Banks

15. View of control Panel

16. Purpose of earthing
Safety of the living beings around the vicinty of the substation
Proper functioning of the protection system under fault condition
To limit the touch and step potential within tolerable limits

17. The
End
Thank
You