This summarizes the outcomes of a 6-month pharmacist-provided diabetes management program for employees of the City of Toledo. The program showed improvements in clinical outcomes like A1c and blood pressure. It also improved humanistic outcomes such as patient satisfaction, knowledge, and adherence. Economic outcomes like healthcare utilization and costs improved as well, with a 62.69% reduction in total costs. The study demonstrates positive short-term outcomes across clinical, humanistic and economic domains from a pharmacist-led diabetes management program.
Medication non-adherence is a growing concern, as it is increasingly associated with negative health outcomes and higher cost of care. Tackling the burden of non-adherence requires a collaborative, patient-centric approach that considers individual patient needs and results in intelligent interventions that combine high-tech with high-touch.
Medication non-adherence is a growing concern, as it is increasingly associated with negative health outcomes and higher cost of care. Tackling the burden of non-adherence requires a collaborative, patient-centric approach that considers individual patient needs and results in intelligent interventions that combine high-tech with high-touch.
Adherence therapy in psychiatric nursingMartin Ward
Increasingly Adherence Therapy (AT) is being encouraged for all types of mental health problems. Psychiatric nurses need to be aware both of its use as well as some of the reasons why so many patients relapse, in an attmpt to increase adherence to treatment programmes
A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW ON SELF-REPORTED QUESTIONNAIRES TO ASSESS MEDICATION ADH...Aji Wibowo
Adherence to pharmacological therapies are keys to effective treatments in diabetic patients. Previous reviews found that most adherence measurement studies on chronic diseases used a self-reported scale. However, there is no consensus on the best scale to measure adherence in diabetic patients. The purpose of this systematic review was to identify the potential self-reported scale that could be considered for measuring medication adherence in diabetic patients and to provide recommendations for researchers or clinicians to determine appropriate adherence selfreported scales in diabetic patients. This review follows general guidelines in the implementation of systematic reviews. After further review, it was found that 33 studies met all inclusion criteria from 4 databases (Wiley, Science Direct, Scopus, and PubMed). The articles were done by the PRISMA, while the keywords were determined by the PICO method. Most research was conducted in Asia (69.7%) and America (18.2%) on patients with type 2 diabetes (81.3%), patients in hospitals (54.5%), suffering for 1-6 months (54.5%), and using a cross-sectional study design (78.8%). HbA1c clinic data (57.6%) were used in most studies as biological markers of adherence. The measurement scales of medication adherence in diabetic patients are MMAS-8 (57,.5%), MMAS-4 (12.1%), BMQ (9%), MCQ (6%), ARMS (3%), ARMS-D (3%), GMAS (3%), LMAS-14 (3%), and MARS-5 (3%). This review provides information on the different self-reported scales most widely used in diabetic medication adherence research. Various aspects need to be considered before choosing the scale of adherence.
Study of medication appropriateness during hospital stay and revisits in medi...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Pharmacy and Biological Sciences(IOSR-JPBS) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of Pharmacy and Biological Science. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications in Pharmacy and Biological Science. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
Adherence therapy in psychiatric nursingMartin Ward
Increasingly Adherence Therapy (AT) is being encouraged for all types of mental health problems. Psychiatric nurses need to be aware both of its use as well as some of the reasons why so many patients relapse, in an attmpt to increase adherence to treatment programmes
A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW ON SELF-REPORTED QUESTIONNAIRES TO ASSESS MEDICATION ADH...Aji Wibowo
Adherence to pharmacological therapies are keys to effective treatments in diabetic patients. Previous reviews found that most adherence measurement studies on chronic diseases used a self-reported scale. However, there is no consensus on the best scale to measure adherence in diabetic patients. The purpose of this systematic review was to identify the potential self-reported scale that could be considered for measuring medication adherence in diabetic patients and to provide recommendations for researchers or clinicians to determine appropriate adherence selfreported scales in diabetic patients. This review follows general guidelines in the implementation of systematic reviews. After further review, it was found that 33 studies met all inclusion criteria from 4 databases (Wiley, Science Direct, Scopus, and PubMed). The articles were done by the PRISMA, while the keywords were determined by the PICO method. Most research was conducted in Asia (69.7%) and America (18.2%) on patients with type 2 diabetes (81.3%), patients in hospitals (54.5%), suffering for 1-6 months (54.5%), and using a cross-sectional study design (78.8%). HbA1c clinic data (57.6%) were used in most studies as biological markers of adherence. The measurement scales of medication adherence in diabetic patients are MMAS-8 (57,.5%), MMAS-4 (12.1%), BMQ (9%), MCQ (6%), ARMS (3%), ARMS-D (3%), GMAS (3%), LMAS-14 (3%), and MARS-5 (3%). This review provides information on the different self-reported scales most widely used in diabetic medication adherence research. Various aspects need to be considered before choosing the scale of adherence.
Study of medication appropriateness during hospital stay and revisits in medi...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Pharmacy and Biological Sciences(IOSR-JPBS) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of Pharmacy and Biological Science. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications in Pharmacy and Biological Science. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
BUSINESS83www.AHDBonline.com l American Health & Drug Ben.docxjasoninnes20
BUSINESS
83www.AHDBonline.com l American Health & Drug Benefits lVol 5, No 2 l March/April 2012
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic systemicautoimmune disorder and the most common formof inflammatory arthritis.1 RA affects 1% of the
population, most often adults aged 40 to 70 years.2
Recent epidemiologic data indicate that the incidence of
RA in women has risen in the past 10 years.3 Because RA
affects many individuals who are of working age and
remains a major cause of disability, the economic burden
of RA adds a significant cost not only to patients and
their families, but also to society as a whole.1,4 In addi-
tion, reduced quality of life, loss of work productivity,
and substantial healthcare utilization are factors that
must be considered in RA management.4,5
Because complications of RA may begin to develop
within months of disease onset, early and aggressive
treatment is considered clinically necessary to manage
immediate symptoms of pain associated with inflamma-
tion, but also to slow disease progression to prevent long-
term disability.1,6,7 Historically, estimates of work disabili-
Ms Greenapple is President, Reimbursement Intelligence,
LLC, Madison, NJ.
Trends in Biologic Therapies for
Rheumatoid Arthritis: Results from a
Survey of Payers and Providers
Rhonda Greenapple, MSPH
Background: Advances in therapies for rheumatoid arthritis (RA), particularly biologics,
have transformed the treatment paradigm for RA. However, the associated costs of these
therapies result in a significant economic burden on the healthcare system. As a chronic
disease requiring lifelong treatment, most health plans now position RA drugs as a high-
priority therapeutic category.
Objective: To identify provider and payer practices and perceptions regarding coverage
of RA biologics in the current marketplace, as well as emerging trends in reimbursement
practices.
Method: In November 2011, Reimbursement Intelligence, a healthcare research company,
collected and analyzed quantitative and qualitative data via parallel-structure online surveys
of 100 rheumatologists and 50 health plan payers (medical and pharmacy directors) who
represent more than 80 million covered lives. The surveys included approximately 150 ques-
tions, and the surveys were designed to force a response for each question.
Results: Payers reported using tier placement, prior authorization, and contracting in
determining coverage strategies for RA biologics. Among providers, experience with older
RA agents remains the key driver for the choice of a biologic agent. A majority of payers
and providers (68% and 54%, respectively) reported that they did not anticipate a change
in the way their plans would manage biologics over the next 2 to 4 years. Payers’ re -
sponses indicated uncertainty about how therapeutic positioning of newer, small-molecule
drugs at price parity to biologics would affect the current reimbursement landscape.
Survey responses show that approval of an indication f ...
Patient Reported Outcomes (PRO) - Challenge and potential solutions.
Why and how can medical device and pharmaceutical companies, as well as the entire healthcare sector, leverage patient engagement with next-generation ePRO solutions?
Discover our white paper...
Community Pharmacists and Medication Therapy ManagementDownlLynellBull52
Community Pharmacists and Medication Therapy Management
Download the strategy pdf icon[PDF - 775 KB].
Medication therapy management (MTM) is a distinct service or group of services provided by health care providers, including pharmacists, to ensure the best therapeutic outcomes for patients. MTM includes five core elements: medication therapy review, a personal medication record, a medication-related action plan, intervention or referral, and documentation and follow-up.
Within the context of cardiovascular disease (CVD) prevention, MTM can include a broad range of services, often centering on the following:
· Identifying uncontrolled hypertension
· Educating patients on CVD and medication therapies
· Advising patients on health behaviors and lifestyle modifications for better health outcomes
MTM is especially effective for patients with multiple chronic conditions, complex medication therapies, high prescription costs, and multiple prescribers. MTM can be performed by pharmacists with or without a collaborative practice agreement (CPA), and it is a strategy that can be considered to straddle Domain 3 (health care system interventions) and Domain 4 (community-clinical links).
· Evidence of Effectiveness
· Evidence of Impact
· Implementation Considerations
Strong evidence exists that the use of MTM by pharmacists is effective. Although the exact combination of MTM activities tends to vary between settings, studies examining MTM have generally found it to be effective and to have strong internal and external validity. MTM trials have been replicated in many different contexts with positive results. Implementation guidance on MTM is available from several sources, including the guidance provided under Medicare Part D.
MTM at Ohio Department of Health
In 2014, the Ohio Department of Health (ODH) teamed up with three Federally Qualified Health Center (FQHC) sites to assess the effect of MTM counseling sessions on patients with hypertension. This effort involved collaboration among the Ohio State University College of Pharmacy, Ohio Pharmacists Association, Ohio Association of Community Health Centers, and the Health Services Advisory Group. These partners helped plan and develop the assessment. Pharmacists administered MTM to 500 patients with hypertension who were receiving care at one of the three FQHC sites. After 6 months, assessments found that hypertension control had increased to 68.6% among these patients. There were key components related to the project’s achievement, which included maintaining relevant partnerships, implementing the pilot in one type of pharmacy setting, allowing FQHC sites to develop their own protocols for patient enrollment, using effective dissemination processes, and selecting data points that align with current pharmacy practices. Challenges included finding champions for the MTM model.
For more information:
Jen Rodis, Assistant Dean for Outreach and Engagement
Ohio State University College of Pharma ...
The use of patient-centred health information systems in type 2 diabetes mell...Liliana Laranjo
The use of patient-centred health information systems in type 2 diabetes mellitus (poster)
• 17th Wonca Europe conference, September 2011 (Warsaw, Poland)
• International conference on health technology assessment and quality management, February 2012 (Lisbon, Portugal)
AbstractBackground Hypertension is the most common non-.docxbartholomeocoombs
Abstract
Background:
Hypertension is the most common non-communicable disease and the leading cause of cardiovascular disease in the world. Current management of hypertension stressed the importance of salt and diet modifications. Unfortunately, many hypertensive patients do not have proper knowledge of this, which results to inadequate practice. Therefore, there is need to develop strategies that will help to improve knowledge and practice of salt and diet modifications among hypertensive.
Objective
: To determine the effect of nursing intervention on knowledge and practice of salt and diet modifications among hypertensive patients.
Materials and Methods
: A quasi experimental design was conducted using purposive sampling to select the sample size of 38 participants. A researcher-developed questionnaire derived from the literature review and Hypertension Self-Care Activity Level Effects (H-SCALE) adapted from Warren-Find low and Seymour (2011) was used to measure knowledge and practice of salt and diet modification among the participants. Data gathered from participants were expressed using tables and percentages while research questions were answered with descriptive statistics of mean and standard deviation through statistical package for the social science software version 21.
Results
: the study revealed that higher percentage of the participants (81.6%) had poor of knowledge of salt and diet modification pre-intervention, also 92.1% of the participants reported poor practice before intervention. Intervention was given to the participants and results showed a positive change in knowledge and practice of salt and diet practice post-intervention.
Conclusion
: regular training should be given to hypertensive patients by nurses to improve their knowledge and practice of salt and diet modification for effective blood pressure control.
Keywords
:
Hypertension, Knowledge, Practice, Salt and Diet modification, Nigeria
Introduction
The burden of hypertension and other noncommunicable diseases is rapidly increasing and this poses a serious threat to the economic development of many nations. Hypertension is a global public health challenge due to its high prevalence and the associated risk of stroke and cardiovascular diseases in adults.
Globally, hypertension is implicated to be responsible for 7.1 million deaths and about 12.8% of the total annual deaths (World Health
Organization (WHO), 2018). Africa, among other WHO regions was rated highest with increased prevalence of high blood pressure, estimated at 46% from age 25 years and above in which Nigeria contributes significantly to this increase (Okwuonu, Emmanuel, & Ojimadu 2014; Ekwunife, Udeogaranya, & Nwatu, 2018; WHO, 2018). This is so in spite of the availability to safe and potent drugs for hypertension and existence of clear treatment guidelines, hypertension is still grossly not controlled in a large proportion of.
New Directions in Targeted Therapeutic Approaches for Older Adults With Mantl...i3 Health
i3 Health is pleased to make the speaker slides from this activity available for use as a non-accredited self-study or teaching resource.
This slide deck presented by Dr. Kami Maddocks, Professor-Clinical in the Division of Hematology and
Associate Division Director for Ambulatory Operations
The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, will provide insight into new directions in targeted therapeutic approaches for older adults with mantle cell lymphoma.
STATEMENT OF NEED
Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a rare, aggressive B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) accounting for 5% to 7% of all lymphomas. Its prognosis ranges from indolent disease that does not require treatment for years to very aggressive disease, which is associated with poor survival (Silkenstedt et al, 2021). Typically, MCL is diagnosed at advanced stage and in older patients who cannot tolerate intensive therapy (NCCN, 2022). Although recent advances have slightly increased remission rates, recurrence and relapse remain very common, leading to a median overall survival between 3 and 6 years (LLS, 2021). Though there are several effective options, progress is still needed towards establishing an accepted frontline approach for MCL (Castellino et al, 2022). Treatment selection and management of MCL are complicated by the heterogeneity of prognosis, advanced age and comorbidities of patients, and lack of an established standard approach for treatment, making it vital that clinicians be familiar with the latest research and advances in this area. In this activity chaired by Michael Wang, MD, Professor in the Department of Lymphoma & Myeloma at MD Anderson Cancer Center, expert faculty will discuss prognostic factors informing treatment, the promising results of recent trials in new therapeutic approaches, and the implications of treatment resistance in therapeutic selection for MCL.
Target Audience
Hematology/oncology fellows, attending faculty, and other health care professionals involved in the treatment of patients with mantle cell lymphoma (MCL).
Learning Objectives
1.) Identify clinical and biological prognostic factors that can guide treatment decision making for older adults with MCL
2.) Evaluate emerging data on targeted therapeutic approaches for treatment-naive and relapsed/refractory MCL and their applicability to older adults
3.) Assess mechanisms of resistance to targeted therapies for MCL and their implications for treatment selection
New Drug Discovery and Development .....NEHA GUPTA
The "New Drug Discovery and Development" process involves the identification, design, testing, and manufacturing of novel pharmaceutical compounds with the aim of introducing new and improved treatments for various medical conditions. This comprehensive endeavor encompasses various stages, including target identification, preclinical studies, clinical trials, regulatory approval, and post-market surveillance. It involves multidisciplinary collaboration among scientists, researchers, clinicians, regulatory experts, and pharmaceutical companies to bring innovative therapies to market and address unmet medical needs.
Explore natural remedies for syphilis treatment in Singapore. Discover alternative therapies, herbal remedies, and lifestyle changes that may complement conventional treatments. Learn about holistic approaches to managing syphilis symptoms and supporting overall health.
Knee anatomy and clinical tests 2024.pdfvimalpl1234
This includes all relevant anatomy and clinical tests compiled from standard textbooks, Campbell,netter etc..It is comprehensive and best suited for orthopaedicians and orthopaedic residents.
Recomendações da OMS sobre cuidados maternos e neonatais para uma experiência pós-natal positiva.
Em consonância com os ODS – Objetivos do Desenvolvimento Sustentável e a Estratégia Global para a Saúde das Mulheres, Crianças e Adolescentes, e aplicando uma abordagem baseada nos direitos humanos, os esforços de cuidados pós-natais devem expandir-se para além da cobertura e da simples sobrevivência, de modo a incluir cuidados de qualidade.
Estas diretrizes visam melhorar a qualidade dos cuidados pós-natais essenciais e de rotina prestados às mulheres e aos recém-nascidos, com o objetivo final de melhorar a saúde e o bem-estar materno e neonatal.
Uma “experiência pós-natal positiva” é um resultado importante para todas as mulheres que dão à luz e para os seus recém-nascidos, estabelecendo as bases para a melhoria da saúde e do bem-estar a curto e longo prazo. Uma experiência pós-natal positiva é definida como aquela em que as mulheres, pessoas que gestam, os recém-nascidos, os casais, os pais, os cuidadores e as famílias recebem informação consistente, garantia e apoio de profissionais de saúde motivados; e onde um sistema de saúde flexível e com recursos reconheça as necessidades das mulheres e dos bebês e respeite o seu contexto cultural.
Estas diretrizes consolidadas apresentam algumas recomendações novas e já bem fundamentadas sobre cuidados pós-natais de rotina para mulheres e neonatos que recebem cuidados no pós-parto em unidades de saúde ou na comunidade, independentemente dos recursos disponíveis.
É fornecido um conjunto abrangente de recomendações para cuidados durante o período puerperal, com ênfase nos cuidados essenciais que todas as mulheres e recém-nascidos devem receber, e com a devida atenção à qualidade dos cuidados; isto é, a entrega e a experiência do cuidado recebido. Estas diretrizes atualizam e ampliam as recomendações da OMS de 2014 sobre cuidados pós-natais da mãe e do recém-nascido e complementam as atuais diretrizes da OMS sobre a gestão de complicações pós-natais.
O estabelecimento da amamentação e o manejo das principais intercorrências é contemplada.
Recomendamos muito.
Vamos discutir essas recomendações no nosso curso de pós-graduação em Aleitamento no Instituto Ciclos.
Esta publicação só está disponível em inglês até o momento.
Prof. Marcus Renato de Carvalho
www.agostodourado.com
Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex System Analysis, S...Oleg Kshivets
RESULTS: Overall life span (LS) was 2252.1±1742.5 days and cumulative 5-year survival (5YS) reached 73.2%, 10 years – 64.8%, 20 years – 42.5%. 513 LCP lived more than 5 years (LS=3124.6±1525.6 days), 148 LCP – more than 10 years (LS=5054.4±1504.1 days).199 LCP died because of LC (LS=562.7±374.5 days). 5YS of LCP after bi/lobectomies was significantly superior in comparison with LCP after pneumonectomies (78.1% vs.63.7%, P=0.00001 by log-rank test). AT significantly improved 5YS (66.3% vs. 34.8%) (P=0.00000 by log-rank test) only for LCP with N1-2. Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: phase transition (PT) early-invasive LC in terms of synergetics, PT N0—N12, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells- CC and blood cells subpopulations), G1-3, histology, glucose, AT, blood cell circuit, prothrombin index, heparin tolerance, recalcification time (P=0.000-0.038). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and PT early-invasive LC (rank=1), PT N0—N12 (rank=2), thrombocytes/CC (3), erythrocytes/CC (4), eosinophils/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), segmented neutrophils/CC (8), stick neutrophils/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10); leucocytes/CC (11). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (area under ROC curve=1.0; error=0.0).
CONCLUSIONS: 5YS of LCP after radical procedures significantly depended on: 1) PT early-invasive cancer; 2) PT N0--N12; 3) cell ratio factors; 4) blood cell circuit; 5) biochemical factors; 6) hemostasis system; 7) AT; 8) LC characteristics; 9) LC cell dynamics; 10) surgery type: lobectomy/pneumonectomy; 11) anthropometric data. Optimal diagnosis and treatment strategies for LC are: 1) screening and early detection of LC; 2) availability of experienced thoracic surgeons because of complexity of radical procedures; 3) aggressive en block surgery and adequate lymph node dissection for completeness; 4) precise prediction; 5) adjuvant chemoimmunoradiotherapy for LCP with unfavorable prognosis.
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Ve...kevinkariuki227
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
micro teaching on communication m.sc nursing.pdfAnurag Sharma
Microteaching is a unique model of practice teaching. It is a viable instrument for the. desired change in the teaching behavior or the behavior potential which, in specified types of real. classroom situations, tends to facilitate the achievement of specified types of objectives.
Ozempic: Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists Saeid Safari
Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists like Ozempic and Semiglutide
ASA GUIDELINE
NYSORA Guideline
2 Case Reports of Gastric Ultrasound
Report Back from SGO 2024: What’s the Latest in Cervical Cancer?bkling
Are you curious about what’s new in cervical cancer research or unsure what the findings mean? Join Dr. Emily Ko, a gynecologic oncologist at Penn Medicine, to learn about the latest updates from the Society of Gynecologic Oncology (SGO) 2024 Annual Meeting on Women’s Cancer. Dr. Ko will discuss what the research presented at the conference means for you and answer your questions about the new developments.
![SHORT-TERM OUTCOMES FOR AN EMPLOYER SPONSORED PHARMACIST-PROVIDED MULTI CENTER DIABETES MANAGEMENT PROGRAM Sharrel L. Pinto, B.S Pharm, Ph.D, Assistant Professor and Director 1 , Jinender Kumar, B. Pharm, PGDBM, Research Assistant 2 1,2 The Pharmaceutical Care and Outcomes Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy Health Care Administration, College of Pharmacy, University of Toledo, Ohio, USA Introduction Objective Methods Results Discussion and Study Implications References Results Cont….. Clinical, Social and Process Measures Humanistic Outcomes Economic Outcomes Table 2: Quality of life (Using SF – 36 v.2) Table 3: Disease-Specific Knowledge Surveys Table 4: Patient Satisfaction and Self-Reported Patient Adherence Conclusion Table1 : Changes in Clinical, Social, And Process Measures Table 5: Economic Outcomes PDB53 Goal Methods Cont….. Medication Therapy Management (MTM) programs are an innovative approach to optimize patient health outcomes for ongoing disease states through integrative care. 1 In last few years, there is a strong emphasis for employer sponsored MTM programs to develop across the country. These programs encourage employees to take advantage of MTM programs at the cost of their employer. Previous work in this area has demonstrated a positive impact of pharmacists’ interventions but has lacked the foundation of a conceptually coherent framework to track outcomes. 2-4 This study has utilized a theoretical framework to examine effects of pharmacists’ interventions on patient health outcomes using economic, clinical, and humanistic outcomes (ECHO) model. To measure the impact of a pharmacist-provided MTMP on the economic, clinical, and humanistic outcomes for the City of Toledo employees and their dependents for a period of six months ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],1. Bennett M, Bertram C, Chater R, et al. Medication Therapy Management in Community Pharmacy Practice: Core Elements of an MTM Service Version 1.0. April 25, 2005. 2. Cranor C.W., Bunting B.A., Christensen D.B. The Asheville Project:Long-Term Clinical and Economic Outcomes of a Community Pharmacy Diabetes Care Program. J Am Pharm Assoc.2003;43:173-84. 3. Fera T, Bluml B.M. et a., The Diabetes Ten City Challenge: Interim clinicaland humanistic outcomes of a multisite community pharmacy diabetes care program. J Am Pharm Assoc.2008;48:181-190. 4. Garrett D.G, Bluml B.M, Patient Self-Management Program for Diabetes : First-Year Clinical, Humanistic, and Economic Outcomes. J Am Pharm Assoc.2005;45:130-137 5. Larson, LN, Rovers, JP, MacKeigan, LD. Patient satisfaction with pharmaceutical care: update of a validated instrument. J Am Pharm Assoc. 2002; 42(1): 44-50. 6. Doucette, WR, McDonough, RP. Beyond the 4Ps: using relationship marketing to build value and demand for pharmacy services. J Am Pharm Assoc. 2002; 42: 183-93. 7. Hooker, RS, Potts, R, Ray, W. Patient satisfaction: comparing physician assistants, nurse practitioners, and physicians. The Permanente Journal. 1997; 1(1): 38-42. 8. Ragucci K.R., Fermo J.D. et al. Effectiveness of pharmacist-adminstered diabetes mellitus education and management services. Pharmacotherapy. 2005;25(12):1809-1816. 9. Wagner e, Sandhu N, Newton K et al. Effect of improved glycemic control on health care cost ad utilization. JAMA.2001;285:182-9. 10. Kimmel PL, Patel SS. Quality of life in patients with chronic kidney disease: focus on end-stage renal disease treated with hemodialysis. Semin Nephrol. 2006; 26(1):68-79. 11. Bultman DC, Svarstad BL. Effects of pharmacist monitoring on patient satisfaction with antidepressant medication therapy. J Am Pharm Assoc. 2002; 42(1):36-43. 12. Ried LD, Wang F, Young H, Awiphan R. Patients' satisfaction and their perception of the pharmacist. J Am Pharm Assoc. 1999; 39(6):835-842. 13. Lau, C., Qureshi, A., & Scott, S. (2004). Association between glycaemic control and quality of life in diabetes mellitus. Journal of Postgraduate Medicine, 50(3), 189-93; discussion 194. 14. Hill-Briggs, F., Gary, T., Baptiste-Roberts, K., & Brancati, F. (2005). Thirty-six-item short-form outcomes following a randomized controlled trial in type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care , 28 (2), 443-4. 15. Mayer B. Davidson, MD SF-36 and Diabetes Outcome Measures Diabetes Care 28:1536-1537, 2005 16. Mann DM, Ponieman D, Leventhal H, Halm EA. Predictors of adherence to diabetes medications: the role of disease and medication beliefs J Behav Med. 2009 Jan 30. Epub ahead of print. 17. Viviam E.M., Improving Blood Pressure Control in a Pharmacists-Managed Hypertension Clinic. Pharmacotherapy.2002;22(12):1553-1540 . Available Data: 92 Patients Available data: Baseline - 98 Patients 3 Months – 73 Patients 6 Months – 50 Patients The six month evaluation of the pharmacist-provided MTM program for diabetes has shown to be successful in improving clinical, humanistic, and economic outcomes of City of Toledo employees and their dependents. # - Friedman Test for Paired Data (significance at α = 0.05) * - Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test for Paired Data (Baseline to 3 months) (significance at α = 0.05) The mean norm based score for US general population with diabetes are 41.10 ± 11.16 for Physical component Summary and 47.75 ± 11.49 for Mental Component Summary. A higher score at follow up visit indicates improved quality of life. Each domain have separate minimum and maximum scores. The details about the meaning of each domain scores can be found in the User Manual for SF-36 v2 Survey by Quality Metrics. Knowledge tests are scored on a scale of 1-10 (1 – Low Knowledge, 10 – High Knowledge) Patient satisfaction and patient adherence are scored on a scale of 1-5. The higher the score, the more improved was the satisfaction or adherence. Funding: This study was funded by a seed grant from The National Business Coalition on Health Acknowledgements: City of Toledo, FrontPath Health Coalition, Toledo Area Network of Independent Pharmacies To measure the short term outcomes of an employer sponsored pharmacists- provided MTM program in a community pharmacy setting ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Presented at the ISPOR 14th Annual International Meeting, Orlando, Florida, May 16-20, 2009](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/1-124339458528-phpapp01/85/ISPOR-1-320.jpg)
