The document discusses the sequence of tenses rule in English grammar. It explains that the tense used in a subordinate clause is determined by the tense in the main clause and should agree with it logically and grammatically. If the main clause is in the past tense, there are three possibilities for the tense in the subordinate clause: same time as the main clause, earlier than the main clause, or later than the main clause. Examples are provided to illustrate how to determine the correct tense to use in subordinate clauses based on the tense of the main clause.
This document discusses adjective clauses and their reduction to adjective phrases. It provides examples of adjective clauses with different pronoun types (who, which, that, whose, where, when) and shows how to join sentences using an adjective clause. It explains when relative pronouns can be omitted and how to reduce adjective clauses to phrases by removing the relative pronoun and verb. Key conclusions are that only subject pronoun clauses can reduce to phrases and how to handle be verbs and punctuation in reductions.
TDC 1 - Adjective Clauses and ReductionsFrank Couto
This document discusses adjective clauses and their reductions. It provides examples of adjective clauses with different pronoun types (who, which, that, whose, where, when, why) and shows how to join sentences using adjective clauses. It explains the differences between restrictive and non-restrictive clauses. It also demonstrates how to reduce adjective clauses to adjective phrases, noting the rules around omitting relative pronouns and verb forms. Commas are discussed in relation to reduced phrases. Finally, it identifies an appositive phrase in one of the example reductions.
TDC1 - Adjective Clauses and ReductionsFrank Couto
This document provides information about adjective clauses and pronouns that can be used in adjective clauses. It includes exercises matching pronouns to their uses and combining sentences using adjective clauses. The document covers pronoun uses for subject, object, object of prepositions, and modifiers like whose, where, when, why. It also discusses restrictive vs non-restrictive clauses and omitting relative pronouns.
TDC1 - Adjective Clauses and ReductionsFrank Couto
This document provides information on adjective clauses and pronouns. It includes exercises matching pronouns to their uses in adjective clauses and joining sentences to form adjective clauses. The document covers pronoun uses as subject, object, object of prepositions, and modifiers like whose, where, when, why. It also discusses restrictive vs non-restrictive clauses and omitting relative pronouns.
This document provides information about clause structure and adjective clauses in English grammar. It includes examples of:
- Subject and predicate clauses
- Direct and indirect objects
- Adjective pronouns like who, which, that and their uses for subjects, objects, and objects of prepositions
- Restrictive vs. non-restrictive adjective clauses
- Adjective pronouns whose, where, when and example sentences using them. Exercises are provided to practice these grammar points with answers explained.
The document discusses the sequence of tenses in English grammar theory, illustration, and practice. It provides examples of how to relate verb tenses when the main clause is in the future, present, or past tense. Specifically, it addresses which verb tenses to use in subordinate clauses for actions that occurred previously, are ongoing, or will occur in the future relative to the tense of the main clause verb. The document aims to explain these sequence of tenses rules clearly with examples for learners of English grammar.
The document discusses the changes that occur to verbs and other words when moving a statement from direct to indirect speech. It provides examples of how the tenses of verbs change, and how words like pronouns, adverbs, and modal verbs are altered in an indirect statement. It also notes that no change is needed for the modal verb "used to". The document concludes by listing some incorrect examples using indirect speech and asking the reader to correct them.
The sequence of_tenses and the reported speech - Natalija Stanković - Irena M...NašaŠkola.Net
Takmičenje na portalu www.nasaskola.net
"biramo najbolju lekciju"
februar 2012. godine,
The Sequence Of Tenses & The Reported Speech,
Engleski jezik,
Natalija Stanković,
Irena Matić-Todorović,
Gimnazija Aleksinac
This document discusses adjective clauses and their reduction to adjective phrases. It provides examples of adjective clauses with different pronoun types (who, which, that, whose, where, when) and shows how to join sentences using an adjective clause. It explains when relative pronouns can be omitted and how to reduce adjective clauses to phrases by removing the relative pronoun and verb. Key conclusions are that only subject pronoun clauses can reduce to phrases and how to handle be verbs and punctuation in reductions.
TDC 1 - Adjective Clauses and ReductionsFrank Couto
This document discusses adjective clauses and their reductions. It provides examples of adjective clauses with different pronoun types (who, which, that, whose, where, when, why) and shows how to join sentences using adjective clauses. It explains the differences between restrictive and non-restrictive clauses. It also demonstrates how to reduce adjective clauses to adjective phrases, noting the rules around omitting relative pronouns and verb forms. Commas are discussed in relation to reduced phrases. Finally, it identifies an appositive phrase in one of the example reductions.
TDC1 - Adjective Clauses and ReductionsFrank Couto
This document provides information about adjective clauses and pronouns that can be used in adjective clauses. It includes exercises matching pronouns to their uses and combining sentences using adjective clauses. The document covers pronoun uses for subject, object, object of prepositions, and modifiers like whose, where, when, why. It also discusses restrictive vs non-restrictive clauses and omitting relative pronouns.
TDC1 - Adjective Clauses and ReductionsFrank Couto
This document provides information on adjective clauses and pronouns. It includes exercises matching pronouns to their uses in adjective clauses and joining sentences to form adjective clauses. The document covers pronoun uses as subject, object, object of prepositions, and modifiers like whose, where, when, why. It also discusses restrictive vs non-restrictive clauses and omitting relative pronouns.
This document provides information about clause structure and adjective clauses in English grammar. It includes examples of:
- Subject and predicate clauses
- Direct and indirect objects
- Adjective pronouns like who, which, that and their uses for subjects, objects, and objects of prepositions
- Restrictive vs. non-restrictive adjective clauses
- Adjective pronouns whose, where, when and example sentences using them. Exercises are provided to practice these grammar points with answers explained.
The document discusses the sequence of tenses in English grammar theory, illustration, and practice. It provides examples of how to relate verb tenses when the main clause is in the future, present, or past tense. Specifically, it addresses which verb tenses to use in subordinate clauses for actions that occurred previously, are ongoing, or will occur in the future relative to the tense of the main clause verb. The document aims to explain these sequence of tenses rules clearly with examples for learners of English grammar.
The document discusses the changes that occur to verbs and other words when moving a statement from direct to indirect speech. It provides examples of how the tenses of verbs change, and how words like pronouns, adverbs, and modal verbs are altered in an indirect statement. It also notes that no change is needed for the modal verb "used to". The document concludes by listing some incorrect examples using indirect speech and asking the reader to correct them.
The sequence of_tenses and the reported speech - Natalija Stanković - Irena M...NašaŠkola.Net
Takmičenje na portalu www.nasaskola.net
"biramo najbolju lekciju"
februar 2012. godine,
The Sequence Of Tenses & The Reported Speech,
Engleski jezik,
Natalija Stanković,
Irena Matić-Todorović,
Gimnazija Aleksinac
The document discusses reported speech, also known as indirect speech. [1] Reported speech is used to talk about something someone else said in the past. [2] When using reported speech, the tenses of the original statement typically change backwards by one tense. [3] For example, "I am a teacher" would become "He said he was a teacher" in reported speech.
The document discusses the structure of an English exam and provides examples of question types. It covers the following sections:
I. Phonetics: Students identify words with similar sounds.
II. Grammar, vocabulary, and language functions: Question types include multiple choice, verb forms, sentence completion, and sentence combining.
III. Reading: Question types include gap fills, answering questions about passages, and multiple choice questions about passages.
IV. Writing: Question types include rearranging words to form sentences, sentence transformations, and writing sentences based on prompts.
The document also provides tables on irregular verbs and tenses in English. It discusses the differences between the present continuous, present perfect, past continuous
The document outlines the structure of an English exam, including sections on:
1. Phonetics: Students identify words with similar sounds.
2. Grammar, vocabulary, and language functions: Students complete sentences by choosing the correct option, conjugate verbs, and combine sentences.
3. Reading: Students fill in blanks in passages by choosing from provided words and answer questions about passages.
4. Writing: Students construct complete sentences from provided words and phrases and rewrite sentences maintaining the original meaning.
The document also provides details on English tenses including present, past, future and their uses as well as an irregular verbs table.
This document discusses various grammatical constructions in English that can be used to express future time. It notes that while English has no distinct future tense, there are a number of ways to denote futurity including the use of modal auxiliaries like will and shall, the present progressive, and the simple present tense under certain circumstances. Specific constructions like will/shall + infinitive, be going to + infinitive, and be to + infinitive are explained in terms of their meanings and appropriate uses for indicating future events, intentions, predictions and obligations. Contextual examples are provided to illustrate the different options for expressing future time in English.
The document provides information about a digital language circle lesson on reported speech and digital idioms. It includes objectives, a review of digital idioms, practice questions on the idioms, explanation and examples of reported speech and how to change direct to indirect speech, practice examples of changing direct to indirect speech, and homework on reported speech. It aims to teach reported speech and have students practice changing direct to indirect speech as well as reflect on their learning.
405.английский язык ч2 учебно познавательная сфера общенияivanov15548
This document provides methodological guidelines for the second part of the English language course "Foreign Language" at Samara State Agricultural Academy. It consists of two lessons on the topics of "Higher education in Russia", "Higher education in the country of the studied language", "My university", and "Student life". Each lesson includes vocabulary building, grammar explanations and exercises, reading texts and dialogues. Lesson 1 ends with an oral assignment and Lesson 2 concludes with a written assignment to write a short biography (CV). The active grammar includes the Past Simple Tense, modal verbs, pronouns such as 'much', 'many', 'little', 'few', comparatives of adjectives, and structures with '
Gramatika engleskog jezika dopunjena (1).pptJelena Šijan
Kratka i jednostavno objašnjena gramatika engleskog jezika za osnovnu školu sa tipičnim primerima.
Napravljena poput mapa uma tako da deca mogu logički da povežu gramatiku u jednu celinu.
The document describes the present progressive (present continuous) tense in Portuguese. It explains that the present progressive describes an action that is occurring now, at this moment, or has just finished occurring. It provides examples of how the present progressive is used to describe actions happening at the moment of speaking, ongoing actions whether occurring at the moment of speaking or not, changing situations, and planned future actions. It then explains the structure of the present progressive, showing how the -ing form is added to verbs. Finally, it provides exercises to practice forming and using the present progressive.
Reported speech is used to tell someone else what a person said earlier. When reporting speech, the tenses of the original verbs usually shift back one tense and pronouns and possessive adjectives change. Expressions of time and place, such as now/then or here/there, often change in reported speech. Common reporting verbs include say and tell, but other verbs like agree, decide, offer, and promise can also be used to report speech.
The document provides rules and examples for reported or indirect speech. It explains that if the reporting verb is in the past tense, the tense of the direct speech often changes to a past tense in the reported speech. However, if the reporting verb is in the present, the tense does not change. It also provides examples of how expressions of time, tense, and modal verbs shift in reported speech.
The document discusses the differences between direct and indirect speech. It explains that direct speech uses quotation marks and maintains the same verb tenses, while indirect speech does not use quotation marks and usually changes pronouns and verb tenses. The document also provides examples of converting direct speech to indirect speech by changing pronouns like "I" to "he" and changing verb tenses like "go" to "went".
This document provides information and exercises about the Past Perfect tense in English grammar. It begins with definitions and examples of how to use the Past Perfect to talk about actions that occurred before other past events or times. There are then controlling questions, examples, exercises and a checking task for learners to practice forming and using the Past Perfect tense correctly. Historical comments and Internet resources are also listed for additional information.
This presentation provides an overview of direct and indirect speech. It defines direct speech as using exact quotations and indirect speech as reporting someone's words without using quotations. The key differences are that indirect speech involves changing pronouns and verb tenses, as well as expressions of time. Rules for these changes are explained in detail, including examples to illustrate backshifting tenses, changing pronouns, and cases where backshifting does not apply. A review section summarizes the main points and includes practice examples to check understanding.
The document discusses English tenses and their usage. There are three main tenses - present, past, and future. Each tense has four forms - simple, continuous, perfect, and perfect continuous. The document provides examples of how to use each tense form correctly based on time and context. It also lists some common mistakes people make when using tenses in sentences.
This document discusses how to transform direct speech into reported or indirect speech in English. It provides examples of changing different types of statements, questions, requests and commands from direct to indirect speech. Key aspects covered include using introductory verbs, changing pronouns and verbs to the appropriate tense, and modifying words like demonstratives according to the context. Reported speech follows standard sentence structure rather than maintaining the original word order or punctuation of direct speech.
The document discusses English verb tenses, aspects, and moods. It explains that there are two main tenses in English - present and past tense. It also covers aspects like progressive, perfect, and perfect progressive. Aspect expresses the temporal structure of an action. Finally, it discusses moods like indicative, subjunctive, and imperative which convey attitude and manner of expression. Examples are provided for each category to illustrate their uses.
The document discusses the difference between the simple past and present perfect tenses in English grammar. It provides examples of each, explaining that the simple past is used for completed actions in the past, while the present perfect connects past actions or states to the present. It highlights time expressions typically used with each tense and offers practice sentences for students to identify whether simple past or present perfect is needed and why.
This document explains the difference between the simple past and present perfect tenses and provides examples of when to use each. The simple past is used for actions completed in the past, while the present perfect connects past actions to the present. Specific time words like "yesterday" require simple past, while unspecific times like "recently" or "ever" require present perfect. Practice exercises are included to reinforce using the correct tense based on meaning.
Relative clauses provide additional information about a person or thing mentioned in the main clause. There are defining relative clauses, which are essential to the meaning, and non-defining clauses, which provide extra context. Different relative pronouns like who, which, that are used depending on if the antecedent is a person or thing. The placement and omission of the pronoun also depends on whether it is the subject or object of the relative clause. Connective relative clauses refer back to a whole previous clause or use quantifiers like all, both to join ideas.
The document discusses present and past unreal conditionals in English. Present unreal conditionals are used to talk about conditions that are not true currently and express imagined results. They use the past tense in the "if" clause and would/could/might plus the base verb form in the result clause. Past unreal conditionals are used to talk about conditions that were not true in the past and express imagined past results. They use the past perfect tense in the "if" clause and would/could/might plus the past participle verb form in the result clause. The document provides examples of how to structure sentences using present and past unreal conditionals.
In the realm of cybersecurity, offensive security practices act as a critical shield. By simulating real-world attacks in a controlled environment, these techniques expose vulnerabilities before malicious actors can exploit them. This proactive approach allows manufacturers to identify and fix weaknesses, significantly enhancing system security.
This presentation delves into the development of a system designed to mimic Galileo's Open Service signal using software-defined radio (SDR) technology. We'll begin with a foundational overview of both Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) and the intricacies of digital signal processing.
The presentation culminates in a live demonstration. We'll showcase the manipulation of Galileo's Open Service pilot signal, simulating an attack on various software and hardware systems. This practical demonstration serves to highlight the potential consequences of unaddressed vulnerabilities, emphasizing the importance of offensive security practices in safeguarding critical infrastructure.
Northern Engraving | Nameplate Manufacturing Process - 2024Northern Engraving
Manufacturing custom quality metal nameplates and badges involves several standard operations. Processes include sheet prep, lithography, screening, coating, punch press and inspection. All decoration is completed in the flat sheet with adhesive and tooling operations following. The possibilities for creating unique durable nameplates are endless. How will you create your brand identity? We can help!
The document discusses reported speech, also known as indirect speech. [1] Reported speech is used to talk about something someone else said in the past. [2] When using reported speech, the tenses of the original statement typically change backwards by one tense. [3] For example, "I am a teacher" would become "He said he was a teacher" in reported speech.
The document discusses the structure of an English exam and provides examples of question types. It covers the following sections:
I. Phonetics: Students identify words with similar sounds.
II. Grammar, vocabulary, and language functions: Question types include multiple choice, verb forms, sentence completion, and sentence combining.
III. Reading: Question types include gap fills, answering questions about passages, and multiple choice questions about passages.
IV. Writing: Question types include rearranging words to form sentences, sentence transformations, and writing sentences based on prompts.
The document also provides tables on irregular verbs and tenses in English. It discusses the differences between the present continuous, present perfect, past continuous
The document outlines the structure of an English exam, including sections on:
1. Phonetics: Students identify words with similar sounds.
2. Grammar, vocabulary, and language functions: Students complete sentences by choosing the correct option, conjugate verbs, and combine sentences.
3. Reading: Students fill in blanks in passages by choosing from provided words and answer questions about passages.
4. Writing: Students construct complete sentences from provided words and phrases and rewrite sentences maintaining the original meaning.
The document also provides details on English tenses including present, past, future and their uses as well as an irregular verbs table.
This document discusses various grammatical constructions in English that can be used to express future time. It notes that while English has no distinct future tense, there are a number of ways to denote futurity including the use of modal auxiliaries like will and shall, the present progressive, and the simple present tense under certain circumstances. Specific constructions like will/shall + infinitive, be going to + infinitive, and be to + infinitive are explained in terms of their meanings and appropriate uses for indicating future events, intentions, predictions and obligations. Contextual examples are provided to illustrate the different options for expressing future time in English.
The document provides information about a digital language circle lesson on reported speech and digital idioms. It includes objectives, a review of digital idioms, practice questions on the idioms, explanation and examples of reported speech and how to change direct to indirect speech, practice examples of changing direct to indirect speech, and homework on reported speech. It aims to teach reported speech and have students practice changing direct to indirect speech as well as reflect on their learning.
405.английский язык ч2 учебно познавательная сфера общенияivanov15548
This document provides methodological guidelines for the second part of the English language course "Foreign Language" at Samara State Agricultural Academy. It consists of two lessons on the topics of "Higher education in Russia", "Higher education in the country of the studied language", "My university", and "Student life". Each lesson includes vocabulary building, grammar explanations and exercises, reading texts and dialogues. Lesson 1 ends with an oral assignment and Lesson 2 concludes with a written assignment to write a short biography (CV). The active grammar includes the Past Simple Tense, modal verbs, pronouns such as 'much', 'many', 'little', 'few', comparatives of adjectives, and structures with '
Gramatika engleskog jezika dopunjena (1).pptJelena Šijan
Kratka i jednostavno objašnjena gramatika engleskog jezika za osnovnu školu sa tipičnim primerima.
Napravljena poput mapa uma tako da deca mogu logički da povežu gramatiku u jednu celinu.
The document describes the present progressive (present continuous) tense in Portuguese. It explains that the present progressive describes an action that is occurring now, at this moment, or has just finished occurring. It provides examples of how the present progressive is used to describe actions happening at the moment of speaking, ongoing actions whether occurring at the moment of speaking or not, changing situations, and planned future actions. It then explains the structure of the present progressive, showing how the -ing form is added to verbs. Finally, it provides exercises to practice forming and using the present progressive.
Reported speech is used to tell someone else what a person said earlier. When reporting speech, the tenses of the original verbs usually shift back one tense and pronouns and possessive adjectives change. Expressions of time and place, such as now/then or here/there, often change in reported speech. Common reporting verbs include say and tell, but other verbs like agree, decide, offer, and promise can also be used to report speech.
The document provides rules and examples for reported or indirect speech. It explains that if the reporting verb is in the past tense, the tense of the direct speech often changes to a past tense in the reported speech. However, if the reporting verb is in the present, the tense does not change. It also provides examples of how expressions of time, tense, and modal verbs shift in reported speech.
The document discusses the differences between direct and indirect speech. It explains that direct speech uses quotation marks and maintains the same verb tenses, while indirect speech does not use quotation marks and usually changes pronouns and verb tenses. The document also provides examples of converting direct speech to indirect speech by changing pronouns like "I" to "he" and changing verb tenses like "go" to "went".
This document provides information and exercises about the Past Perfect tense in English grammar. It begins with definitions and examples of how to use the Past Perfect to talk about actions that occurred before other past events or times. There are then controlling questions, examples, exercises and a checking task for learners to practice forming and using the Past Perfect tense correctly. Historical comments and Internet resources are also listed for additional information.
This presentation provides an overview of direct and indirect speech. It defines direct speech as using exact quotations and indirect speech as reporting someone's words without using quotations. The key differences are that indirect speech involves changing pronouns and verb tenses, as well as expressions of time. Rules for these changes are explained in detail, including examples to illustrate backshifting tenses, changing pronouns, and cases where backshifting does not apply. A review section summarizes the main points and includes practice examples to check understanding.
The document discusses English tenses and their usage. There are three main tenses - present, past, and future. Each tense has four forms - simple, continuous, perfect, and perfect continuous. The document provides examples of how to use each tense form correctly based on time and context. It also lists some common mistakes people make when using tenses in sentences.
This document discusses how to transform direct speech into reported or indirect speech in English. It provides examples of changing different types of statements, questions, requests and commands from direct to indirect speech. Key aspects covered include using introductory verbs, changing pronouns and verbs to the appropriate tense, and modifying words like demonstratives according to the context. Reported speech follows standard sentence structure rather than maintaining the original word order or punctuation of direct speech.
The document discusses English verb tenses, aspects, and moods. It explains that there are two main tenses in English - present and past tense. It also covers aspects like progressive, perfect, and perfect progressive. Aspect expresses the temporal structure of an action. Finally, it discusses moods like indicative, subjunctive, and imperative which convey attitude and manner of expression. Examples are provided for each category to illustrate their uses.
The document discusses the difference between the simple past and present perfect tenses in English grammar. It provides examples of each, explaining that the simple past is used for completed actions in the past, while the present perfect connects past actions or states to the present. It highlights time expressions typically used with each tense and offers practice sentences for students to identify whether simple past or present perfect is needed and why.
This document explains the difference between the simple past and present perfect tenses and provides examples of when to use each. The simple past is used for actions completed in the past, while the present perfect connects past actions to the present. Specific time words like "yesterday" require simple past, while unspecific times like "recently" or "ever" require present perfect. Practice exercises are included to reinforce using the correct tense based on meaning.
Relative clauses provide additional information about a person or thing mentioned in the main clause. There are defining relative clauses, which are essential to the meaning, and non-defining clauses, which provide extra context. Different relative pronouns like who, which, that are used depending on if the antecedent is a person or thing. The placement and omission of the pronoun also depends on whether it is the subject or object of the relative clause. Connective relative clauses refer back to a whole previous clause or use quantifiers like all, both to join ideas.
The document discusses present and past unreal conditionals in English. Present unreal conditionals are used to talk about conditions that are not true currently and express imagined results. They use the past tense in the "if" clause and would/could/might plus the base verb form in the result clause. Past unreal conditionals are used to talk about conditions that were not true in the past and express imagined past results. They use the past perfect tense in the "if" clause and would/could/might plus the past participle verb form in the result clause. The document provides examples of how to structure sentences using present and past unreal conditionals.
In the realm of cybersecurity, offensive security practices act as a critical shield. By simulating real-world attacks in a controlled environment, these techniques expose vulnerabilities before malicious actors can exploit them. This proactive approach allows manufacturers to identify and fix weaknesses, significantly enhancing system security.
This presentation delves into the development of a system designed to mimic Galileo's Open Service signal using software-defined radio (SDR) technology. We'll begin with a foundational overview of both Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) and the intricacies of digital signal processing.
The presentation culminates in a live demonstration. We'll showcase the manipulation of Galileo's Open Service pilot signal, simulating an attack on various software and hardware systems. This practical demonstration serves to highlight the potential consequences of unaddressed vulnerabilities, emphasizing the importance of offensive security practices in safeguarding critical infrastructure.
Northern Engraving | Nameplate Manufacturing Process - 2024Northern Engraving
Manufacturing custom quality metal nameplates and badges involves several standard operations. Processes include sheet prep, lithography, screening, coating, punch press and inspection. All decoration is completed in the flat sheet with adhesive and tooling operations following. The possibilities for creating unique durable nameplates are endless. How will you create your brand identity? We can help!
"$10 thousand per minute of downtime: architecture, queues, streaming and fin...Fwdays
Direct losses from downtime in 1 minute = $5-$10 thousand dollars. Reputation is priceless.
As part of the talk, we will consider the architectural strategies necessary for the development of highly loaded fintech solutions. We will focus on using queues and streaming to efficiently work and manage large amounts of data in real-time and to minimize latency.
We will focus special attention on the architectural patterns used in the design of the fintech system, microservices and event-driven architecture, which ensure scalability, fault tolerance, and consistency of the entire system.
The Microsoft 365 Migration Tutorial For Beginner.pptxoperationspcvita
This presentation will help you understand the power of Microsoft 365. However, we have mentioned every productivity app included in Office 365. Additionally, we have suggested the migration situation related to Office 365 and how we can help you.
You can also read: https://www.systoolsgroup.com/updates/office-365-tenant-to-tenant-migration-step-by-step-complete-guide/
zkStudyClub - LatticeFold: A Lattice-based Folding Scheme and its Application...Alex Pruden
Folding is a recent technique for building efficient recursive SNARKs. Several elegant folding protocols have been proposed, such as Nova, Supernova, Hypernova, Protostar, and others. However, all of them rely on an additively homomorphic commitment scheme based on discrete log, and are therefore not post-quantum secure. In this work we present LatticeFold, the first lattice-based folding protocol based on the Module SIS problem. This folding protocol naturally leads to an efficient recursive lattice-based SNARK and an efficient PCD scheme. LatticeFold supports folding low-degree relations, such as R1CS, as well as high-degree relations, such as CCS. The key challenge is to construct a secure folding protocol that works with the Ajtai commitment scheme. The difficulty, is ensuring that extracted witnesses are low norm through many rounds of folding. We present a novel technique using the sumcheck protocol to ensure that extracted witnesses are always low norm no matter how many rounds of folding are used. Our evaluation of the final proof system suggests that it is as performant as Hypernova, while providing post-quantum security.
Paper Link: https://eprint.iacr.org/2024/257
This talk will cover ScyllaDB Architecture from the cluster-level view and zoom in on data distribution and internal node architecture. In the process, we will learn the secret sauce used to get ScyllaDB's high availability and superior performance. We will also touch on the upcoming changes to ScyllaDB architecture, moving to strongly consistent metadata and tablets.
[OReilly Superstream] Occupy the Space: A grassroots guide to engineering (an...Jason Yip
The typical problem in product engineering is not bad strategy, so much as “no strategy”. This leads to confusion, lack of motivation, and incoherent action. The next time you look for a strategy and find an empty space, instead of waiting for it to be filled, I will show you how to fill it in yourself. If you’re wrong, it forces a correction. If you’re right, it helps create focus. I’ll share how I’ve approached this in the past, both what works and lessons for what didn’t work so well.
From Natural Language to Structured Solr Queries using LLMsSease
This talk draws on experimentation to enable AI applications with Solr. One important use case is to use AI for better accessibility and discoverability of the data: while User eXperience techniques, lexical search improvements, and data harmonization can take organizations to a good level of accessibility, a structural (or “cognitive” gap) remains between the data user needs and the data producer constraints.
That is where AI – and most importantly, Natural Language Processing and Large Language Model techniques – could make a difference. This natural language, conversational engine could facilitate access and usage of the data leveraging the semantics of any data source.
The objective of the presentation is to propose a technical approach and a way forward to achieve this goal.
The key concept is to enable users to express their search queries in natural language, which the LLM then enriches, interprets, and translates into structured queries based on the Solr index’s metadata.
This approach leverages the LLM’s ability to understand the nuances of natural language and the structure of documents within Apache Solr.
The LLM acts as an intermediary agent, offering a transparent experience to users automatically and potentially uncovering relevant documents that conventional search methods might overlook. The presentation will include the results of this experimental work, lessons learned, best practices, and the scope of future work that should improve the approach and make it production-ready.
"What does it really mean for your system to be available, or how to define w...Fwdays
We will talk about system monitoring from a few different angles. We will start by covering the basics, then discuss SLOs, how to define them, and why understanding the business well is crucial for success in this exercise.
How to Interpret Trends in the Kalyan Rajdhani Mix Chart.pdfChart Kalyan
A Mix Chart displays historical data of numbers in a graphical or tabular form. The Kalyan Rajdhani Mix Chart specifically shows the results of a sequence of numbers over different periods.
For the full video of this presentation, please visit: https://www.edge-ai-vision.com/2024/06/temporal-event-neural-networks-a-more-efficient-alternative-to-the-transformer-a-presentation-from-brainchip/
Chris Jones, Director of Product Management at BrainChip , presents the “Temporal Event Neural Networks: A More Efficient Alternative to the Transformer” tutorial at the May 2024 Embedded Vision Summit.
The expansion of AI services necessitates enhanced computational capabilities on edge devices. Temporal Event Neural Networks (TENNs), developed by BrainChip, represent a novel and highly efficient state-space network. TENNs demonstrate exceptional proficiency in handling multi-dimensional streaming data, facilitating advancements in object detection, action recognition, speech enhancement and language model/sequence generation. Through the utilization of polynomial-based continuous convolutions, TENNs streamline models, expedite training processes and significantly diminish memory requirements, achieving notable reductions of up to 50x in parameters and 5,000x in energy consumption compared to prevailing methodologies like transformers.
Integration with BrainChip’s Akida neuromorphic hardware IP further enhances TENNs’ capabilities, enabling the realization of highly capable, portable and passively cooled edge devices. This presentation delves into the technical innovations underlying TENNs, presents real-world benchmarks, and elucidates how this cutting-edge approach is positioned to revolutionize edge AI across diverse applications.
"Scaling RAG Applications to serve millions of users", Kevin GoedeckeFwdays
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ScyllaDB is making a major architecture shift. We’re moving from vNode replication to tablets – fragments of tables that are distributed independently, enabling dynamic data distribution and extreme elasticity. In this keynote, ScyllaDB co-founder and CTO Avi Kivity explains the reason for this shift, provides a look at the implementation and roadmap, and shares how this shift benefits ScyllaDB users.
Connector Corner: Seamlessly power UiPath Apps, GenAI with prebuilt connectorsDianaGray10
Join us to learn how UiPath Apps can directly and easily interact with prebuilt connectors via Integration Service--including Salesforce, ServiceNow, Open GenAI, and more.
The best part is you can achieve this without building a custom workflow! Say goodbye to the hassle of using separate automations to call APIs. By seamlessly integrating within App Studio, you can now easily streamline your workflow, while gaining direct access to our Connector Catalog of popular applications.
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Creating a compelling user experience for any software, without the limitations of APIs.
Accelerating the app creation process, saving time and effort
Enjoying high-performance CRUD (create, read, update, delete) operations, for
seamless data management.
Speakers:
Russell Alfeche, Technology Leader, RPA at qBotic and UiPath MVP
Charlie Greenberg, host
2. 1. The Indefinite Tense
2. The Continuous Tense
3. The Perfect Tense
4. The Perfect Continuous Tense
5. The Sequence of Tenses
6. The Grammar test
7. Questions
8. Terminology
9. Historical commentary
10. The Internet resources.
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3. 1. Theory
2. Examples
3. Questions
4. Exercises
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4. The term "sequence of tenses" refers to the choice of the verb
tense in the subordinate clause depending on the tense of the verb
in the main clause. The rule of the sequence of tenses means that
the tense in the subordinate clause is determined by the tense in
the main clause and should agree with it both logically and
grammatically. The term "sequence of tenses" is often translated
into Russian as "agreement of tenses".
Generally, in complex sentences with all types of subordinate
clauses, except the object clause, the sequence of the tenses in
the pair "verb in the main clause – verb in the subordinate clause"
is logical and based on sense and general rules of the use of
tenses. The verb in the subordinate clause may be in any tense
that reflects the actual time of the action and conveys the meaning
correctly in the pair with the verb in the main clause.
Note: According to the rules of the use of tenses, the Simple
Present is used instead of the Simple Future in adverbial clauses of
time and condition referring to the future.
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5. If the verb in the main clause is in the past tense (usually, in
the Simple Past), there are three possible variants of the action in
the subordinate clause: at the same time as the action in the main
clause; earlier than the action in the main clause; later than the
action in the main clause.
If the action in the subordinate clause took place at the same
time as the action in the main clause, the Simple Past (or the Past
Continuous if required by the context) is used in the subordinate
clause.
If the action in the subordinate clause took place earlier than
the action in the main clause, the Past Perfect (or the Past Perfect
Continuous if required by the context) is used in the subordinate
clause.
If the action in the subordinate clause took place later than the
action in the main clause, the Future in the Past is used in the
subordinate clause ("would" is used instead of "will").
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6. 1. She goes for a walk in the park when the weather is good.
She went for a walk in the park when the weather was good.
2. I think (that) he lives on Rose Street.
I thought (that) he lived on Rose Street.
3. I wonder whether she will buy this house.
I wondered whether she would buy that house.
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7. Complete the sentences.
1. They noticed they_____ (fly) for three hours already.
2. Tom said that it _____(take) him an hour to get to the station.
3. She asked them if they ______(play) tennis in the afternoon.
4. Mary asked her brother if he ___(can) tell her the way to the shop.
5. Peter and John told me they ____(go) to the Kremlin the day before
yesterday.
6. Mother said she _____ (have) a bad headache. Don't bother her.
7. Dorothy asked Margaret if she _____(be) going to buy a new dress
in the nearest future.
8. They told us they _____(visit) the Tretyakovskaya gallery next
Sunday.
9. Jack said that he already______ (write) the letter.
10. They asked if the work ______(finish) by tomorrow.
Help
Check
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8. 1. What does the term “sequence of tense” mean?
2. What determine the tense in the subordinate clause?
3. Which tense is used instead of the Simple Future in
adverbial clauses of time and condition referring to the
future?
4. In which cases does the verb in the object subordinate
clause may be in any tense?
5. Why should the verb in the subordinate
clause be used in one of the past tenses?
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9. Choose the correct form.
1. She asked me about my schedule for the next week
and I answered that I ..... it yet.
o hadn't known
o didn't know
o wouldn't know
2. Nina said Lucy complained that her friends never ..... any attention to what she told them.
o would pay
o paid
o had paid
3. Mary warned his parents that ..... home late that night.
o she would come
o came
o had come
4. Did you say ..... very early the following morning?
o you would have to get up
o would you have to get up
o will you have to get up
Help
5. Mary begged me not to tell her father what ..... earlier that day.
o happen
o had happened Check
o would happen
Rules
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10. 1. What does the term “sequence of tense” mean?
2. What determines the tense in the subordinate clause?
3. Which tense is used instead of the Simple Future in adverbial
clauses of time and condition referring to the future?
4. In which cases does the verb in the object subordinate clause
may be in any tense?
5. Why should the verb in the object subordinate clause be used in
one of the past tenses?
6. Which tense is used instead of the Simple Future in adverbial
clauses of time and condition referring to the future?
7. In which cases does the verb in the object subordinate clause
may be in any tense?
8. Why should the verb in the object subordinate clause be used in
one of the past tenses?
Answers
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12. to prove, to ague, to demonstrate, to give evidence - доказывать
proof, argument, demonstration, - доказательство
Q.E.D = which was to be demonstrated
Phrase, sentence, statement, expression - утверждение,
высказывание,
суждение
to make, to be, to be equal to - равняться, равно
to add - добавлять
to divide - делить
to multiply - умножать
to subtract - вычитать
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14. it is interesting (now).
Jim says (that) it was interesting (yesterday).
it will be interesting (tomorrow).
it was interesting (now).
Jim said (that) it had been interesting (yesterday).
it would be interesting (tomorrow).
Direct Speech Indirect Speech
this, these that, those
now then, at that moment
here there
today that day
tomorrow the next day
the day after tomorrow two days later
in two days
yesterday the day before
the day before yesterday two days before
ago before
Back
15. it is interesting (now).
Jim says (that) it was interesting (yesterday).
it will be interesting (tomorrow).
it was interesting (now).
Jim said (that) it had been interesting (yesterday).
it would be interesting (tomorrow).
Direct Speech Indirect Speech
this, these that, those
now then, at that moment
here there
today that day
tomorrow the next day
the day after tomorrow two days later
in two days
yesterday the day before
the day before yesterday two days before
ago before
Back