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Moscow
Moscow holds…




8% of the Population
Moscow holds…




8% of the Population
10% of Employment
Moscow holds…




8% of the Population
10% of Employment
22% of the Russian Economy
Moscow holds…




8% of the Population
10% of Employment
22% of the Russian Economy
65% of Foreign Investments
Moscow




 +24%    -3.6%
MOSCOW   RUSSIA
 MOSCOW    RUSSIA
MOSCOW      RUSSIA


MOSCOW        RUSSIA
"Чтобы улучшить развитие московского мегаполиса с учетом целей создания финансового центра, и чтобы облегчить жизнь огромному
     числу людей, может быть также рассмотрен вопрос о расширении границ Москвы. То есть о создании столичного федерального округа,
     выходящего за традиционные границы Москвы", - сообщил глава государства. "Причем с переносом за эти границы значительной доли
     административных функций федерального уровня и, соответственно, государственных учреждений", - подчеркнул Дмитрий Медведев

     "To improve the development of the Moscow megacity considering the aim of making it a financial center, and to
     make life easier for the vast number of people, it may also be considered to expand the borders of Moscow. That
     is, to create a Federal District, which goes beyond the traditional boundaries of Moscow", - said the head of the
     state. "And with transfer over these boundaries a significant proportion of administrative functions of the federal
     level and, accordingly, public institutions" - said Dmitry Medvedev



http://www.vesti.ru/doc.html?id=480732
PLANNED NEW BORDERS OF MOSCOW
          August 13, 2011




                                                            Zvenigorod




                                                                                           Vnukovo
                                                                                           (airport)


                                                                                                       Kommunarka

                                                                         Aprelevka
                                                                                                              Scherbinka
                                                                                        Troitsk




                                                            Zvenigorod                                                Podolsk




                                                                                                                    Klimovsk

                                                                                                                                “Betonka”
                                                                                                                                Small Moscow
                                                                                                                                Ring Road




                                              Transport-                                                                                       Khovanskoe
                                               industrial                                                      Dump                            cementery
                                                  cluster                            Student
                                                                                     Campus



http://ria.ru/infografika/20110819/419624596.html
Paris vs Moscow Urban Density




http://marketurbanism.com/2010/10/19/the-economics-of-redevelopment-and-the-shape-of-socialist-cities/
There are some 15,000 hectares
of unused industrial zones along
the small Railroad Ring , much of
which located along the Moscow
River.

Unfortunately most of this land
has been privatized and not
immediately available, making it
of limited use for the accom-
modation of further growth of the
city.
?
City    11.5Million
CKAD     4.5Million
Oblast   2.5Million
Total 18.5Million
BUDGET SPENDINGS PER CAPITA IN 2011
                      MOSCOW         MOSCOW OBLAST



TRANSPORTATION




SOCIAL BENEFITS



EDUCATION



HEALTHCARE



HOUSING



OTHER
GAVRIIL POPOV (1936) In 1991-1992 mayor of Moscow.

“Moscow - a unique phenomenon. Ten million Muscovites are special people
who enjoy the privileges, of course relative, when compared with the rest of the
country, because the government has always cared about to be in the capital
surrounded by people who are least inclined to rebel, and more inclined to
support. “




                                                                          http://2000.net.ua/2000/svoboda-slova/istorija/47017
Exemptions Applicable to Various Categories of Muscovites


Moscow residents
1. Free travel on all modes of public transport
2. Free manufacture and repair of dental prothesises (except for the cost of paying the cost of precious metals and metal)
3. Exemption from payment of utility services and charges for removal and disposal of solid waste including family members
4. 50% discount for payment of utility services
5. 50% discount on the monthly phone service fee
6. Benefits of pensions and taxation
7. Free provision of medicines prescribed by doctors
8. Receipt of credit organizations occasional soft loans for construction (purchase) of houses, apartments, cottages, landscaping gardens
9. Priority for free accommodation in the homes of the municipal and state housing funds in need of better housing
10. The special (primary) free installation of a landline
11. Donation of dwellings in the case of eviction from office and residential premises
12. 50% payment for the services of private security
13. Free use of retirement departmental clinics, free medical service to an extraordinary provision in state and local health care
14. Advantage when joining the housing and construction, garage, gardening cooperatives, receive free land
15. The use of annual leave at a convenient time and a leave without pay for up to 30 working days a year
16. If there is medical evidence to ensure priority tickets to spa organization
17. Extraordinary admission to nursing homes for elderly and disabled
18. Extraordinary (priority) entry in the horticultural, gardening and chalet-for-profit association of citizens
19. The right to free travel by rail commuter transport
20. Receiving out of competition in the state institutions of higher and secondary professional education, payment of the relevant
scholarship, free training for new professions in the workplace, refresher courses while preserving 100% of salary for the last place of
employment during the study time
21. The preferential use of all types of communications services to institutions, cultural, educational, sporting and recreational facilities, the
extraordinary purchase of tickets to all types of transport
22. Free reception for use as a means of rehabilitation of vehicle (or financial compensation)
23. An extraordinary treatment in state or municipal health institutions, provision of paid annual leave at a convenient time, priority
purchase of concessionary vouchers for spa treatment
24. Preferential maintenance of prosthetic and orthopedic devices; reimbursement for travel once a year, long-distance rail transport on the
territory of the Russian Federation
25. Exemption from fees for garbage collection
26. Free training and treatment, provision of living space on a priority basis, unemployment benefits for 6 months (the first time job seekers)




http://www.vmdaily.ru/article/7103.html
BUDGET REQUIRED FOR POPULATION OF 4 500 000




   Moscow Budget:
                                Moscow Oblast Budget:
   RUR 669 613 500 000 =        RUR 217 251 000 000 =
                                EUR 5 600 000 000
EUR 17 000 000 000
City    11.5Million
CKAD     4.5Million
Oblast   2.5Million
Total 18.5Million



FEDERAL SUBSIDY
City    11.5Million
CKAD     4.5Million
Oblast   2.5Million
Total 18.5Million



FEDERAL SUBSIDY
City    11.5Million
SW       0.3Million
Oblast   7.2Million
Total 18.5Million
City    11.5Million
CKAD     4.5Million
Oblast   2.5Million
Total 18.5Million
IN REALITY DACHA OWNERS TURNED FROM
             SOVIET TEMPORARY DWELLERS TO
             CONTEMPORARY PERMANENT DWELLERS

             BUT BY AUTHORITIES THEY STILL TREATED AS SEASONAL TOURISTS FROM THE CITY
             “UNNOFICCIALLY” OCCUPYING NATURE ENVIRONS

             MOUSCOVITES LIVING OUTSIDE THE CITY PREFER TO HOLD THEIR REGISTRATION TIE
             THEIR CITY FLAT, FOR HIGHER SOCIAL BENEFITS.




ABINO 1987
‘Every year amount of pensioners in
Moscow increases by 28 000. Most of them
don’t even reside in Moscow, and apply for
Moscow propiska for social benefits and
additions to pensions.’ - Vladimir Petrosyan,
Head of the Department of Social Security of Moscow




http://vz.ru/economy/2011/7/29/511109.html
http://vz.ru/economy/2011/7/29/511109.html
MIGRANTS   BY UNOFFICIAL STATISTIC 10 MILLIONS OF UNREGISTERED MIGRANTS LIVED IN MOSCOW AND
           MOSCOW REGION




           http://www.ogoniok.com/common/4898/1/19-16-1b.jpg
Shoigu will start equalizing quality of life of Moscow Oblast residents and Muscovites

One of the priorities, Shoigu said, is the creation of the Moscow metropolitan area. He added
that over time quality of life in Moscow and Moscow Oblast should become equal “in terms of
social benefits, level of wages, fiscal capacity, and many other things“.
April 5, 2012




  http://interfax.ru/politics/news.asp?id=239576
Social Card of the Moscow Oblast Residents




http://voskresensk-rayon.ru/content/view/1713/220/
Social Card of the Muscovite




http://voskresensk-rayon.ru/content/view/1713/220/
TERRITORIAL DIVISION OF RUSSIA: SUBJECTS OF FEDERATION
TERRITORIAL DIVISION OF RUSSIA: SUBJECTS OF FEDERATION
TERRITORIAL DIVISION OF RUSSIA: SUBJECTS OF FEDERATION
TERRITORIAL DIVISION OF RUSSIA: SUBJECTS OF FEDERATION
TOTAL AREA




 Moscow:
                Moscow Oblast:
1 091 KM2
               45 799 KM2
AVERAGE LAND VALUE PER M2




                       Moscow Oblast:
                       RUR 102 / M2=
                       EUR 2.6 / M2
   Moscow:
RUR 6 058 / M2 =
EUR 156 / M2
TOTAL LAND VALUE AFTER MERGER




       Moscow:
                             Moscow Oblast:
 RUR 6 610 000 000 000
EUR 170 700 000 000      RUR 277 450 342 000 000 =
                         EUR 7 165 000 000 000
Moscow Oblast vs. Switzerland




Moscow Oblast
17 Million Inhabitants
46 991 km2
Switzerland
7.9 Million Inhabitants
41 285 km2
WORLD    (MOSCOW       RUSSIA)

                        Before 1991




( WORLD   MOSCOW    )   RUSSIA

                         After 1991
Based on Forbes 2011, Moscow had 79
billionaires, displacing New York as the
city with the greatest number of
billionaires…




Ody, Elizabeth (2011-03-10). "Carlos Slim Tops Forbes List of Billionaires for Second Year". Bloomberg. http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2011-03-09/carlos-
slim-tops-forbes-list-of-billionaires-for-second-year.html. Retrieved 2011-06-01.
Moscow
Moscow minus Soviet
Post-Soviet
R U S S RA
R U S S RA
R U S S RA
Housing Construction (total floor area of housing 2006)
                                                            (Rosstat 2007)




              Moscow Construction:                                                        Moscow Oblast Construction:
              4.8 million sqm                                                                        6.4 million sqm




http://www.constructionukraine.com/46483/Moscow-Province-leads-the-way-in-residential-construction.shtml
MEGA-PROJECTS MOSCOW REGION
                              CURRENT DEVELOPMENT PROJECTS
1.4

Manhattan denigrates as “bridge-and-tunnel
people” those who need infrastructural
support to enter the city. Our present
insistence on the center makes us all bridge-
and-tunnel people, second-class citizens in
our own civilization, disenfranchised by the
dumb coincidence of our collective exile from
the center.


Rem Koolhaas, The Generic City, 1995
1.4

The recent discovery of the periphery as a
zone of potential value is only a disguised
insistence on the priority of and dependency
on the center: without center, no periphery;
the interest of the first presumably
compensates for the emptiness of the latter.




Rem Koolhaas, The Generic City, 1995
As the forces of production, most notably
technology, improve, existing forms of urban
organization become inefficient and stifle
further progress. These inefficiencies manifest
themselves as urban contradictions in the city
in the form of a territorial struggle. Under the
conditions of the free market, this struggle
materializes between the minority (the center)
who own the means of production, and the
vast majority of the population (the
periphery) who produce goods and services.
Taking the idea that urban change occurs
because of the struggle between different and
opposing territories within the city, the
Moscow analysis leads to the conclusion that
the free market oppresses the periphery,
which leads to a revolution of the periphery.
As the forces of production, most notably
technology, improve, existing forms of social
urban organization become inefficient and stifle
further progress. These inefficiencies manifest
themselves as social urban contradictions in
society the city in the form of class a territorial
struggle. Under the capitalist mode of
production conditions of the free market, this
struggle materializes between the minority (the
bourgeoisie center) who own the means of
production, and the vast majority of the
population (the proletariat periphery) who
produce goods and services. Taking the idea
that social urban change occurs because of the
struggle between different and opposing
classes territories within society the city, the
Marxistoscow analysis leads to the conclusion
that capitalism the free market oppresses the
proletariat periphery, which leads to a
proletarian revolution of the periphery.
As the forces of production, most notably
technology, improve, existing forms of social
organization become inefficient and stifle
further progress. These inefficiencies manifest
themselves as social contradictions in society
in the form of class struggle. Under the
capitalist mode of production, this struggle
materializes between the minority (the
bourgeoisie) who own the means of
production, and the vast majority of the
population (the proletariat) who produce
goods and services. Taking the idea that social
change occurs because of the struggle
between different classes, the Marxist analysis
leads to the conclusion that capitalism
oppresses the proletariat, which leads to a
proletarian revolution.

MARXISM
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Center   Periphery




Thesis
Periphery   Center




                 Antithesis
Multiple Centers




                   Synthesis
How does it work?
http://www.gradremstroy.ru/izvestnye_bunkery/metro_2




                     Brezhnev, Andropov and other officials presumed to be inspecting Metro-2
Metro-2 Map
                              (Military forces in transition. DOD. 1991)




http://www.metro.ru/metro2/
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07 oma

  • 1.
  • 2.
  • 3.
  • 5. Moscow holds… 8% of the Population
  • 6. Moscow holds… 8% of the Population 10% of Employment
  • 7. Moscow holds… 8% of the Population 10% of Employment 22% of the Russian Economy
  • 8. Moscow holds… 8% of the Population 10% of Employment 22% of the Russian Economy 65% of Foreign Investments
  • 9. Moscow +24% -3.6%
  • 10. MOSCOW RUSSIA MOSCOW RUSSIA MOSCOW RUSSIA MOSCOW RUSSIA
  • 11. "Чтобы улучшить развитие московского мегаполиса с учетом целей создания финансового центра, и чтобы облегчить жизнь огромному числу людей, может быть также рассмотрен вопрос о расширении границ Москвы. То есть о создании столичного федерального округа, выходящего за традиционные границы Москвы", - сообщил глава государства. "Причем с переносом за эти границы значительной доли административных функций федерального уровня и, соответственно, государственных учреждений", - подчеркнул Дмитрий Медведев "To improve the development of the Moscow megacity considering the aim of making it a financial center, and to make life easier for the vast number of people, it may also be considered to expand the borders of Moscow. That is, to create a Federal District, which goes beyond the traditional boundaries of Moscow", - said the head of the state. "And with transfer over these boundaries a significant proportion of administrative functions of the federal level and, accordingly, public institutions" - said Dmitry Medvedev http://www.vesti.ru/doc.html?id=480732
  • 12. PLANNED NEW BORDERS OF MOSCOW August 13, 2011 Zvenigorod Vnukovo (airport) Kommunarka Aprelevka Scherbinka Troitsk Zvenigorod Podolsk Klimovsk “Betonka” Small Moscow Ring Road Transport- Khovanskoe industrial Dump cementery cluster Student Campus http://ria.ru/infografika/20110819/419624596.html
  • 13.
  • 14. Paris vs Moscow Urban Density http://marketurbanism.com/2010/10/19/the-economics-of-redevelopment-and-the-shape-of-socialist-cities/
  • 15. There are some 15,000 hectares of unused industrial zones along the small Railroad Ring , much of which located along the Moscow River. Unfortunately most of this land has been privatized and not immediately available, making it of limited use for the accom- modation of further growth of the city.
  • 16. ?
  • 17.
  • 18. City 11.5Million CKAD 4.5Million Oblast 2.5Million Total 18.5Million
  • 19. BUDGET SPENDINGS PER CAPITA IN 2011 MOSCOW MOSCOW OBLAST TRANSPORTATION SOCIAL BENEFITS EDUCATION HEALTHCARE HOUSING OTHER
  • 20. GAVRIIL POPOV (1936) In 1991-1992 mayor of Moscow. “Moscow - a unique phenomenon. Ten million Muscovites are special people who enjoy the privileges, of course relative, when compared with the rest of the country, because the government has always cared about to be in the capital surrounded by people who are least inclined to rebel, and more inclined to support. “ http://2000.net.ua/2000/svoboda-slova/istorija/47017
  • 21. Exemptions Applicable to Various Categories of Muscovites Moscow residents 1. Free travel on all modes of public transport 2. Free manufacture and repair of dental prothesises (except for the cost of paying the cost of precious metals and metal) 3. Exemption from payment of utility services and charges for removal and disposal of solid waste including family members 4. 50% discount for payment of utility services 5. 50% discount on the monthly phone service fee 6. Benefits of pensions and taxation 7. Free provision of medicines prescribed by doctors 8. Receipt of credit organizations occasional soft loans for construction (purchase) of houses, apartments, cottages, landscaping gardens 9. Priority for free accommodation in the homes of the municipal and state housing funds in need of better housing 10. The special (primary) free installation of a landline 11. Donation of dwellings in the case of eviction from office and residential premises 12. 50% payment for the services of private security 13. Free use of retirement departmental clinics, free medical service to an extraordinary provision in state and local health care 14. Advantage when joining the housing and construction, garage, gardening cooperatives, receive free land 15. The use of annual leave at a convenient time and a leave without pay for up to 30 working days a year 16. If there is medical evidence to ensure priority tickets to spa organization 17. Extraordinary admission to nursing homes for elderly and disabled 18. Extraordinary (priority) entry in the horticultural, gardening and chalet-for-profit association of citizens 19. The right to free travel by rail commuter transport 20. Receiving out of competition in the state institutions of higher and secondary professional education, payment of the relevant scholarship, free training for new professions in the workplace, refresher courses while preserving 100% of salary for the last place of employment during the study time 21. The preferential use of all types of communications services to institutions, cultural, educational, sporting and recreational facilities, the extraordinary purchase of tickets to all types of transport 22. Free reception for use as a means of rehabilitation of vehicle (or financial compensation) 23. An extraordinary treatment in state or municipal health institutions, provision of paid annual leave at a convenient time, priority purchase of concessionary vouchers for spa treatment 24. Preferential maintenance of prosthetic and orthopedic devices; reimbursement for travel once a year, long-distance rail transport on the territory of the Russian Federation 25. Exemption from fees for garbage collection 26. Free training and treatment, provision of living space on a priority basis, unemployment benefits for 6 months (the first time job seekers) http://www.vmdaily.ru/article/7103.html
  • 22. BUDGET REQUIRED FOR POPULATION OF 4 500 000 Moscow Budget: Moscow Oblast Budget: RUR 669 613 500 000 = RUR 217 251 000 000 = EUR 5 600 000 000 EUR 17 000 000 000
  • 23.
  • 24. City 11.5Million CKAD 4.5Million Oblast 2.5Million Total 18.5Million FEDERAL SUBSIDY
  • 25. City 11.5Million CKAD 4.5Million Oblast 2.5Million Total 18.5Million FEDERAL SUBSIDY
  • 26. City 11.5Million SW 0.3Million Oblast 7.2Million Total 18.5Million
  • 27. City 11.5Million CKAD 4.5Million Oblast 2.5Million Total 18.5Million
  • 28.
  • 29.
  • 30. IN REALITY DACHA OWNERS TURNED FROM SOVIET TEMPORARY DWELLERS TO CONTEMPORARY PERMANENT DWELLERS BUT BY AUTHORITIES THEY STILL TREATED AS SEASONAL TOURISTS FROM THE CITY “UNNOFICCIALLY” OCCUPYING NATURE ENVIRONS MOUSCOVITES LIVING OUTSIDE THE CITY PREFER TO HOLD THEIR REGISTRATION TIE THEIR CITY FLAT, FOR HIGHER SOCIAL BENEFITS. ABINO 1987
  • 31. ‘Every year amount of pensioners in Moscow increases by 28 000. Most of them don’t even reside in Moscow, and apply for Moscow propiska for social benefits and additions to pensions.’ - Vladimir Petrosyan, Head of the Department of Social Security of Moscow http://vz.ru/economy/2011/7/29/511109.html http://vz.ru/economy/2011/7/29/511109.html
  • 32. MIGRANTS BY UNOFFICIAL STATISTIC 10 MILLIONS OF UNREGISTERED MIGRANTS LIVED IN MOSCOW AND MOSCOW REGION http://www.ogoniok.com/common/4898/1/19-16-1b.jpg
  • 33. Shoigu will start equalizing quality of life of Moscow Oblast residents and Muscovites One of the priorities, Shoigu said, is the creation of the Moscow metropolitan area. He added that over time quality of life in Moscow and Moscow Oblast should become equal “in terms of social benefits, level of wages, fiscal capacity, and many other things“. April 5, 2012 http://interfax.ru/politics/news.asp?id=239576
  • 34.
  • 35.
  • 36.
  • 37.
  • 38. Social Card of the Moscow Oblast Residents http://voskresensk-rayon.ru/content/view/1713/220/
  • 39. Social Card of the Muscovite http://voskresensk-rayon.ru/content/view/1713/220/
  • 40.
  • 41.
  • 42.
  • 43.
  • 44.
  • 45.
  • 46.
  • 47.
  • 48.
  • 49.
  • 50.
  • 51. TERRITORIAL DIVISION OF RUSSIA: SUBJECTS OF FEDERATION
  • 52. TERRITORIAL DIVISION OF RUSSIA: SUBJECTS OF FEDERATION
  • 53. TERRITORIAL DIVISION OF RUSSIA: SUBJECTS OF FEDERATION
  • 54. TERRITORIAL DIVISION OF RUSSIA: SUBJECTS OF FEDERATION
  • 55.
  • 56.
  • 57.
  • 58.
  • 59.
  • 60. TOTAL AREA Moscow: Moscow Oblast: 1 091 KM2 45 799 KM2
  • 61. AVERAGE LAND VALUE PER M2 Moscow Oblast: RUR 102 / M2= EUR 2.6 / M2 Moscow: RUR 6 058 / M2 = EUR 156 / M2
  • 62. TOTAL LAND VALUE AFTER MERGER Moscow: Moscow Oblast: RUR 6 610 000 000 000 EUR 170 700 000 000 RUR 277 450 342 000 000 = EUR 7 165 000 000 000
  • 63. Moscow Oblast vs. Switzerland Moscow Oblast 17 Million Inhabitants 46 991 km2 Switzerland 7.9 Million Inhabitants 41 285 km2
  • 64.
  • 65.
  • 66.
  • 67. WORLD (MOSCOW RUSSIA) Before 1991 ( WORLD MOSCOW ) RUSSIA After 1991
  • 68. Based on Forbes 2011, Moscow had 79 billionaires, displacing New York as the city with the greatest number of billionaires… Ody, Elizabeth (2011-03-10). "Carlos Slim Tops Forbes List of Billionaires for Second Year". Bloomberg. http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2011-03-09/carlos- slim-tops-forbes-list-of-billionaires-for-second-year.html. Retrieved 2011-06-01.
  • 69.
  • 70.
  • 71.
  • 72.
  • 76. R U S S RA
  • 77. R U S S RA
  • 78. R U S S RA
  • 79.
  • 80.
  • 81.
  • 82.
  • 83. Housing Construction (total floor area of housing 2006) (Rosstat 2007) Moscow Construction: Moscow Oblast Construction: 4.8 million sqm 6.4 million sqm http://www.constructionukraine.com/46483/Moscow-Province-leads-the-way-in-residential-construction.shtml
  • 84.
  • 85. MEGA-PROJECTS MOSCOW REGION CURRENT DEVELOPMENT PROJECTS
  • 86.
  • 87.
  • 88.
  • 89.
  • 90.
  • 91.
  • 92.
  • 93.
  • 94.
  • 95.
  • 96.
  • 97.
  • 98.
  • 99. 1.4 Manhattan denigrates as “bridge-and-tunnel people” those who need infrastructural support to enter the city. Our present insistence on the center makes us all bridge- and-tunnel people, second-class citizens in our own civilization, disenfranchised by the dumb coincidence of our collective exile from the center. Rem Koolhaas, The Generic City, 1995
  • 100. 1.4 The recent discovery of the periphery as a zone of potential value is only a disguised insistence on the priority of and dependency on the center: without center, no periphery; the interest of the first presumably compensates for the emptiness of the latter. Rem Koolhaas, The Generic City, 1995
  • 101. As the forces of production, most notably technology, improve, existing forms of urban organization become inefficient and stifle further progress. These inefficiencies manifest themselves as urban contradictions in the city in the form of a territorial struggle. Under the conditions of the free market, this struggle materializes between the minority (the center) who own the means of production, and the vast majority of the population (the periphery) who produce goods and services. Taking the idea that urban change occurs because of the struggle between different and opposing territories within the city, the Moscow analysis leads to the conclusion that the free market oppresses the periphery, which leads to a revolution of the periphery.
  • 102. As the forces of production, most notably technology, improve, existing forms of social urban organization become inefficient and stifle further progress. These inefficiencies manifest themselves as social urban contradictions in society the city in the form of class a territorial struggle. Under the capitalist mode of production conditions of the free market, this struggle materializes between the minority (the bourgeoisie center) who own the means of production, and the vast majority of the population (the proletariat periphery) who produce goods and services. Taking the idea that social urban change occurs because of the struggle between different and opposing classes territories within society the city, the Marxistoscow analysis leads to the conclusion that capitalism the free market oppresses the proletariat periphery, which leads to a proletarian revolution of the periphery.
  • 103. As the forces of production, most notably technology, improve, existing forms of social organization become inefficient and stifle further progress. These inefficiencies manifest themselves as social contradictions in society in the form of class struggle. Under the capitalist mode of production, this struggle materializes between the minority (the bourgeoisie) who own the means of production, and the vast majority of the population (the proletariat) who produce goods and services. Taking the idea that social change occurs because of the struggle between different classes, the Marxist analysis leads to the conclusion that capitalism oppresses the proletariat, which leads to a proletarian revolution. MARXISM From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
  • 104.
  • 105. Center Periphery Thesis
  • 106. Periphery Center Antithesis
  • 107. Multiple Centers Synthesis
  • 108.
  • 109.
  • 110.
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  • 122.
  • 123.
  • 124.
  • 125.
  • 126. How does it work?
  • 127.
  • 128.
  • 129.
  • 130.
  • 131.
  • 132.
  • 133. http://www.gradremstroy.ru/izvestnye_bunkery/metro_2 Brezhnev, Andropov and other officials presumed to be inspecting Metro-2
  • 134. Metro-2 Map (Military forces in transition. DOD. 1991) http://www.metro.ru/metro2/