Lectures for the course "Ergonomics applied to the usability of web pages and apps" held at the School of design of Politecnico di milano in the first semester of 2021-2022 academic year
Lectures for the course "Ergonomics applied to the usability of web pages and apps" held at the School of design of Politecnico di milano in the first semester of 2021-2022 academic year
Lectures for the course "Ergonomics applied to the usability of web pages and apps" held at the School of design of Politecnico di milano in the first semester of 2021-2022 academic year
Yu Yuan (IEEE Standards Association): The Road to the Ultimate VR/AR - Transf...AugmentedWorldExpo
A talk from the Work Track at AWE USA 2017 - the largest conference for AR+VR in Santa Clara, California May 31- June 2, 2017.
Yu Yuan (IEEE Standards Association): The Road to the Ultimate VR/AR - Transforming All The Industries in This "Real" World
Virtual Reality (VR) and Augmented Reality (AR) have been evolving significantly in every aspect since their births. What would be the ultimate experiences that VR and AR have to offer? When could we get there, in 5 years or 50 years? What enabling technologies are still missing or yet to be developed? In this session, VR/AR industry pioneers will share their insights and predictions.
http://AugmentedWorldExpo.com
Lectures for the course "Ergonomics applied to the usability of web pages and apps" held at the School of design of Politecnico di milano in the first semester of 2021-2022 academic year
IEEE Digital Senses Initiative - Standards Activities 3/30/2017yymedia
IEEE Digital Senses Initiative is an IEEE “future directions” initiative dedicated to hacking human senses for VR, AR and human augmentation.
IEEE P2048 Working Group is developing eight standards for virtual reality (VR) and augmented reality (AR). Having attracted participants from 194 companies and institutions all over the world, the working group now is one of the largest forces dedicated to VR/AR standardization. The working group participants already include device manufacturers, content providers, service providers, technology developers, government agencies and other parties relevant to VR/AR, constituting an excellent mixture for the standards to be widely adopted.
Lectures for the course "Ergonomics applied to the usability of web pages and apps" held at the School of design of Politecnico di milano in the first semester of 2021-2022 academic year
Lectures for the course "Ergonomics applied to the usability of web pages and apps" held at the School of design of Politecnico di milano in the first semester of 2021-2022 academic year
Lectures for the course "Ergonomics applied to the usability of web pages and apps" held at the School of design of Politecnico di milano in the first semester of 2021-2022 academic year
Yu Yuan (IEEE Standards Association): The Road to the Ultimate VR/AR - Transf...AugmentedWorldExpo
A talk from the Work Track at AWE USA 2017 - the largest conference for AR+VR in Santa Clara, California May 31- June 2, 2017.
Yu Yuan (IEEE Standards Association): The Road to the Ultimate VR/AR - Transforming All The Industries in This "Real" World
Virtual Reality (VR) and Augmented Reality (AR) have been evolving significantly in every aspect since their births. What would be the ultimate experiences that VR and AR have to offer? When could we get there, in 5 years or 50 years? What enabling technologies are still missing or yet to be developed? In this session, VR/AR industry pioneers will share their insights and predictions.
http://AugmentedWorldExpo.com
Lectures for the course "Ergonomics applied to the usability of web pages and apps" held at the School of design of Politecnico di milano in the first semester of 2021-2022 academic year
IEEE Digital Senses Initiative - Standards Activities 3/30/2017yymedia
IEEE Digital Senses Initiative is an IEEE “future directions” initiative dedicated to hacking human senses for VR, AR and human augmentation.
IEEE P2048 Working Group is developing eight standards for virtual reality (VR) and augmented reality (AR). Having attracted participants from 194 companies and institutions all over the world, the working group now is one of the largest forces dedicated to VR/AR standardization. The working group participants already include device manufacturers, content providers, service providers, technology developers, government agencies and other parties relevant to VR/AR, constituting an excellent mixture for the standards to be widely adopted.
Lectures for the course "Ergonomics applied to the usability of web pages and apps" held at the School of design of Politecnico di milano in the first semester of 2021-2022 academic year
Lectures for the course "Ergonomics applied to the usability of web pages and apps" held at the School of design of Politecnico di milano in the first semester of 2021-2022 academic year
Connecting Textual Requirements with Capella Models Obeo
SES ENGINEERING Studio: Achieving the perfect equilibrium between Textual Requirements and Models in Capella enhanced by Automatic Interoperability, Quality & Traceability operations
The importance of models is imperative in any Systems Engineering project. However, truth is not exclusively found within models. The need to describe external contracts, regulations, or non-functional requirements, for instance, can be more efficiently satisfied by using textual specifications. In order to achieve the desired “Common Source of Truth”, model and textual requirements must be connected and coexist, desirable enhanced by the automatization of the consistency checking, automatically modifying one side when changes are produced on the other end...
Within The REUSE Company, we have realised how crucial it is to facilitate this connection and provide Systems Engineers with the tools required for applying SE across the entire process as seamlessly as possible. This solution is the SES ENGINEERING Studio, and within this webinar, the following capabilities will be shown:
- The SES ENGINEERING Studio offers the capability to assess consistency between textual requirements and Capella models.
- Automatic generation of Capella models from Textual Requirements inside an RMS (Requirements Management System). This also involves the possibility to complete the exact opposite operation, generating textual requirements from Capella models.
- Seamless traceability management between textual requirements (in any RMS) and model elements in Capella; This includes the possibility to automatically suggest traces based on the semantic content of the textual requirement.
- If the preferred option is to maintain these textual requirements inside Capella, we offer the possibility to provide a round-trip process between any RMS and Requirements Viewpoint within Capella; thus, allowing that modification at either end, to be synchronized.
- Automatic quality assessment of Capella models following a number of pre-established rules or allowing the users to define tailored rules.
- Automatic interoperability between SysML and Arcadia models.
Presented by José Pereira and José Fuentes (The Reuse Company)
A11yTC MeetUp: Role-based Analysis of WCAG 2.2Bill Tyler
Role-based analysis of the eight new WCAG 2.2 proposed success criteria confirm the increasing need for – and the ability of – accessibility to “shift left.” Learn how the new requirements mean content authors, user experience and visual designers must learn more to conform to the new standard now and the future. This presentation also include review of all 10 new WCAG 2.2 success criteria including Level AAA with role-based analysis of each. Also included, a brief look beyond 2.2 to WCAG 3.0
Presented at A11y Twin Cities MeetUp, Monday, July 25, 2022
Sam George (Cisco Systems): Augmented Reality Solution for Hardware Product D...AugmentedWorldExpo
A talk from the Work Track at AWE USA 2017 - the largest conference for AR+VR in Santa Clara, California May 31- June 2, 2017.
Sam George (Cisco Systems): Augmented Reality Solution for Hardware Product Documentation
This session will cover how Cisco has implemented an augmented reality solution for its hardware documentation using Blippar. We've used Blippar to recognize Cisco products in the lab and provide the customer with the right information at the right time. End result: Better customer satisfaction and a significant reduction in support cases. The session will take the audience through the entire process followed at Cisco, so that it's easy for another large company to learn from our experience and replicate it in their organizations.
http://AugmentedWorldExpo.com
IDEA StatiCa Seel Connections - seminar Genk/Kortrijk nov 2016Jo Gijbels
Wat leert u tijdens dit IDEA Steel Connect 7 release show?
Wij gaan dieper in op de nieuwe mogelijkheden van release 7.0 en 7.1 vab IDEA Steel Connection rekensoftware voor het ontwerpen en controleren van staalverbindingen volgens de Eurocode 3.
De unieke CBFEM methode van IDEA Connection stelt de gebruiker in staat om willekeurige verbindingen - van zeer eenvoudig tot uitertst complex - te controleren volgens de Eurocode 3 en de Amerikaanse norm. Idea Connection kan worden gebruikt als een op zich zelf staand programma of gelinkt aan uw bestaande reken- en tekensoftware.
Graag nodigen wij u persoonlijk uit om verder kennis te maken met IDEA Connection versie 7.1. in Genk (wo. 23 november 9u-12u) of in Kortrijk (wo. 23 november 16u-19u).
[2015/2016] Software systems engineering PRINCIPLESIvano Malavolta
This presentation is about a lecture I gave within the "Software systems and services" immigration course at the Gran Sasso Science Institute, L'Aquila (Italy): http://cs.gssi.infn.it/.
http://www.ivanomalavolta.com
Lloyd Green (IEEE): Standardization Needs and Efforts in VR/ARAugmentedWorldExpo
A talk from the Develop Track at AWE USA 2017 - the largest conference for AR+VR in Santa Clara, California May 31- June 2, 2017.
Lloyd Green (IEEE): Standardization Needs and Efforts in VR/AR
Standardization is a key to growing markets and healthy ecosystems in many industries (if not all of them). What needs to be standardized or is being standardized in today's Virtual Reality (VR) and Augmented Reality (AR) industry? What outcome can be expected from these standards activities? How can they change the industry? In this session, VR/AR standards developers will give you the latest update.
http://AugmentedWorldExpo.com
Federated learning trains a model on a centralized server using datasets distributed over a massive amount of edge devices. Since federated learning does not send local data from edge devices to the server, it preserves data privacy. It transfers the local models from edge devices instead of the local data. However, communication costs are frequently a problem in federated learning. This paper proposes a novel method to reduce the required communication cost for federated learning by transferring only top updated parameters in neural network models. The proposed method allows adjusting the criteria of updated parameters to trade-off the reduction of communication costs and the loss of model accuracy. We evaluated the proposed method using diverse models and datasets and found that it can achieve comparable performance to transfer original models for federated learning. As a result, the proposed method has achieved a reduction of the required communication costs around 90\% when compared to the conventional method for VGG16. Furthermore, we found out that the proposed method is able to reduce the communication cost of a large model more than of a small model due to the different threshold of updated parameters in each model architecture.
Lectures for the course "Ergonomics applied to the usability of web pages and apps" held at the School of design of Politecnico di milano in the first semester of 2021-2022 academic year
Lectures for the course "Ergonomics applied to the usability of web pages and apps" held at the School of design of Politecnico di milano in the first semester of 2021-2022 academic year
Lectures for the course "Ergonomics applied to the usability of web pages and apps" held at the School of design of Politecnico di milano in the first semester of 2021-2022 academic year
Connecting Textual Requirements with Capella Models Obeo
SES ENGINEERING Studio: Achieving the perfect equilibrium between Textual Requirements and Models in Capella enhanced by Automatic Interoperability, Quality & Traceability operations
The importance of models is imperative in any Systems Engineering project. However, truth is not exclusively found within models. The need to describe external contracts, regulations, or non-functional requirements, for instance, can be more efficiently satisfied by using textual specifications. In order to achieve the desired “Common Source of Truth”, model and textual requirements must be connected and coexist, desirable enhanced by the automatization of the consistency checking, automatically modifying one side when changes are produced on the other end...
Within The REUSE Company, we have realised how crucial it is to facilitate this connection and provide Systems Engineers with the tools required for applying SE across the entire process as seamlessly as possible. This solution is the SES ENGINEERING Studio, and within this webinar, the following capabilities will be shown:
- The SES ENGINEERING Studio offers the capability to assess consistency between textual requirements and Capella models.
- Automatic generation of Capella models from Textual Requirements inside an RMS (Requirements Management System). This also involves the possibility to complete the exact opposite operation, generating textual requirements from Capella models.
- Seamless traceability management between textual requirements (in any RMS) and model elements in Capella; This includes the possibility to automatically suggest traces based on the semantic content of the textual requirement.
- If the preferred option is to maintain these textual requirements inside Capella, we offer the possibility to provide a round-trip process between any RMS and Requirements Viewpoint within Capella; thus, allowing that modification at either end, to be synchronized.
- Automatic quality assessment of Capella models following a number of pre-established rules or allowing the users to define tailored rules.
- Automatic interoperability between SysML and Arcadia models.
Presented by José Pereira and José Fuentes (The Reuse Company)
A11yTC MeetUp: Role-based Analysis of WCAG 2.2Bill Tyler
Role-based analysis of the eight new WCAG 2.2 proposed success criteria confirm the increasing need for – and the ability of – accessibility to “shift left.” Learn how the new requirements mean content authors, user experience and visual designers must learn more to conform to the new standard now and the future. This presentation also include review of all 10 new WCAG 2.2 success criteria including Level AAA with role-based analysis of each. Also included, a brief look beyond 2.2 to WCAG 3.0
Presented at A11y Twin Cities MeetUp, Monday, July 25, 2022
Sam George (Cisco Systems): Augmented Reality Solution for Hardware Product D...AugmentedWorldExpo
A talk from the Work Track at AWE USA 2017 - the largest conference for AR+VR in Santa Clara, California May 31- June 2, 2017.
Sam George (Cisco Systems): Augmented Reality Solution for Hardware Product Documentation
This session will cover how Cisco has implemented an augmented reality solution for its hardware documentation using Blippar. We've used Blippar to recognize Cisco products in the lab and provide the customer with the right information at the right time. End result: Better customer satisfaction and a significant reduction in support cases. The session will take the audience through the entire process followed at Cisco, so that it's easy for another large company to learn from our experience and replicate it in their organizations.
http://AugmentedWorldExpo.com
IDEA StatiCa Seel Connections - seminar Genk/Kortrijk nov 2016Jo Gijbels
Wat leert u tijdens dit IDEA Steel Connect 7 release show?
Wij gaan dieper in op de nieuwe mogelijkheden van release 7.0 en 7.1 vab IDEA Steel Connection rekensoftware voor het ontwerpen en controleren van staalverbindingen volgens de Eurocode 3.
De unieke CBFEM methode van IDEA Connection stelt de gebruiker in staat om willekeurige verbindingen - van zeer eenvoudig tot uitertst complex - te controleren volgens de Eurocode 3 en de Amerikaanse norm. Idea Connection kan worden gebruikt als een op zich zelf staand programma of gelinkt aan uw bestaande reken- en tekensoftware.
Graag nodigen wij u persoonlijk uit om verder kennis te maken met IDEA Connection versie 7.1. in Genk (wo. 23 november 9u-12u) of in Kortrijk (wo. 23 november 16u-19u).
[2015/2016] Software systems engineering PRINCIPLESIvano Malavolta
This presentation is about a lecture I gave within the "Software systems and services" immigration course at the Gran Sasso Science Institute, L'Aquila (Italy): http://cs.gssi.infn.it/.
http://www.ivanomalavolta.com
Lloyd Green (IEEE): Standardization Needs and Efforts in VR/ARAugmentedWorldExpo
A talk from the Develop Track at AWE USA 2017 - the largest conference for AR+VR in Santa Clara, California May 31- June 2, 2017.
Lloyd Green (IEEE): Standardization Needs and Efforts in VR/AR
Standardization is a key to growing markets and healthy ecosystems in many industries (if not all of them). What needs to be standardized or is being standardized in today's Virtual Reality (VR) and Augmented Reality (AR) industry? What outcome can be expected from these standards activities? How can they change the industry? In this session, VR/AR standards developers will give you the latest update.
http://AugmentedWorldExpo.com
Federated learning trains a model on a centralized server using datasets distributed over a massive amount of edge devices. Since federated learning does not send local data from edge devices to the server, it preserves data privacy. It transfers the local models from edge devices instead of the local data. However, communication costs are frequently a problem in federated learning. This paper proposes a novel method to reduce the required communication cost for federated learning by transferring only top updated parameters in neural network models. The proposed method allows adjusting the criteria of updated parameters to trade-off the reduction of communication costs and the loss of model accuracy. We evaluated the proposed method using diverse models and datasets and found that it can achieve comparable performance to transfer original models for federated learning. As a result, the proposed method has achieved a reduction of the required communication costs around 90\% when compared to the conventional method for VGG16. Furthermore, we found out that the proposed method is able to reduce the communication cost of a large model more than of a small model due to the different threshold of updated parameters in each model architecture.
Lectures for the course "Ergonomics applied to the usability of web pages and apps" held at the School of design of Politecnico di milano in the first semester of 2021-2022 academic year
Lectures for the course "Ergonomics applied to the usability of web pages and apps" held at the School of design of Politecnico di milano in the first semester of 2021-2022 academic year
Lectures for the course "Ergonomics applied to the usability of web pages and apps" held at the School of design of Politecnico di milano in the first semester of 2021-2022 academic year
Lectures for the course "Ergonomics applied to the usability of web pages and apps" held at the School of design of Politecnico di milano in the first semester of 2021-2022 academic year
Lectures for the course "Ergonomics applied to the usability of web pages and apps" held at the School of design of Politecnico di milano in the first semester of 2021-2022 academic year
Lectures for the course "Ergonomics applied to the usability of web pages and apps" held at the School of design of Politecnico di milano in the first semester of 2021-2022 academic year
Lectures for the course "Ergonomics applied to the usability of web pages and apps" held at the School of design of Politecnico di milano in the first semester of 2021-2022 academic year
Lectures for the course "Ergonomics applied to the usability of web pages and apps" held at the School of design of Politecnico di milano in the first semester of 2021-2022 academic year
Lectures for the course "Ergonomics applied to the usability of web pages and apps" held at the School of design of Politecnico di milano in the first semester of 2021-2022 academic year
White wonder, Work developed by Eva TschoppMansi Shah
White Wonder by Eva Tschopp
A tale about our culture around the use of fertilizers and pesticides visiting small farms around Ahmedabad in Matar and Shilaj.
Dive into the innovative world of smart garages with our insightful presentation, "Exploring the Future of Smart Garages." This comprehensive guide covers the latest advancements in garage technology, including automated systems, smart security features, energy efficiency solutions, and seamless integration with smart home ecosystems. Learn how these technologies are transforming traditional garages into high-tech, efficient spaces that enhance convenience, safety, and sustainability.
Ideal for homeowners, tech enthusiasts, and industry professionals, this presentation provides valuable insights into the trends, benefits, and future developments in smart garage technology. Stay ahead of the curve with our expert analysis and practical tips on implementing smart garage solutions.
Between Filth and Fortune- Urban Cattle Foraging Realities by Devi S Nair, An...Mansi Shah
This study examines cattle rearing in urban and rural settings, focusing on milk production and consumption. By exploring a case in Ahmedabad, it highlights the challenges and processes in dairy farming across different environments, emphasising the need for sustainable practices and the essential role of milk in daily consumption.
Transforming Brand Perception and Boosting Profitabilityaaryangarg12
In today's digital era, the dynamics of brand perception, consumer behavior, and profitability have been profoundly reshaped by the synergy of branding, social media, and website design. This research paper investigates the transformative power of these elements in influencing how individuals perceive brands and products and how this transformation can be harnessed to drive sales and profitability for businesses.
Through an exploration of brand psychology and consumer behavior, this study sheds light on the intricate ways in which effective branding strategies, strategic social media engagement, and user-centric website design contribute to altering consumers' perceptions. We delve into the principles that underlie successful brand transformations, examining how visual identity, messaging, and storytelling can captivate and resonate with target audiences.
Methodologically, this research employs a comprehensive approach, combining qualitative and quantitative analyses. Real-world case studies illustrate the impact of branding, social media campaigns, and website redesigns on consumer perception, sales figures, and profitability. We assess the various metrics, including brand awareness, customer engagement, conversion rates, and revenue growth, to measure the effectiveness of these strategies.
The results underscore the pivotal role of cohesive branding, social media influence, and website usability in shaping positive brand perceptions, influencing consumer decisions, and ultimately bolstering sales and profitability. This paper provides actionable insights and strategic recommendations for businesses seeking to leverage branding, social media, and website design as potent tools to enhance their market position and financial success.
Expert Accessory Dwelling Unit (ADU) Drafting ServicesResDraft
Whether you’re looking to create a guest house, a rental unit, or a private retreat, our experienced team will design a space that complements your existing home and maximizes your investment. We provide personalized, comprehensive expert accessory dwelling unit (ADU)drafting solutions tailored to your needs, ensuring a seamless process from concept to completion.
1. www.dadda.it roberto@dadda.it Excellence in usability 1st semester 2021-2022 1
ERGONOMICS APPLIED TO THE DESIGN OF USABLE WEB
PAGES AND APPS
Roberto DADDA and Paolo NEGRI
5. www.dadda.it roberto@dadda.it Excellence in usability 1st semester 2021-2022 5
Terms and definitions
Principles
General principles for the design of usable user interfaces, based on scientific evidence or general consensus.
Derived from knowledge of the psychological, computational, and social aspects and are independent of the
technology. They are often expressed in a very general form.
Guidelines
Set of recommendations for the design of the user interface for a particular class of systems, expressed in a
general way but less abstract than standards, with examples and motivations. They are not binding, it’s up to the
designer to decide whether to apply them to a scenario.
Standards
Set of rules to be applied in the design of a class of systems. They are binding: designers must apply them. They
are usually issued by a institute of standardization. It must be possible to accurately assess compliance with
standards.
Design Rules
Set of rules to be applied in the design of a particular system. They are binding,
7. www.dadda.it roberto@dadda.it Excellence in usability 1st semester 2021-2022 7
Usability Standards
• Complex situation: the standards are evolving continuously
(www.iso.org ; www.uninfo.it)
• The process is very slow, and passes through several stages
• There are standards of product and standards of process
8. www.dadda.it roberto@dadda.it Excellence in usability 1st semester 2021-2022 8
ISO 9241:
Ergonomics of human system interaction
It’s a standard consisting of the following series (each
consisting of different documents), and in different stages of
evolution (currently about twenty documents) belonging to
the following series:
100 series: Software ergonomics
200 series: Human system interaction processes
300 series: Displays and display related hardware
400 series: Physical input devices – ergonomics principles
500 series: Workplace ergonomics
600 series: Environment ergonomics
700 series: Application domains - Control rooms
900 series: Tactile and haptic interactions
ἴσος
Equal, similar
9. www.dadda.it roberto@dadda.it Excellence in usability 1st semester 2021-2022 9
ISO 9241 documents
Part 1: General introduction
Part 2: Guidance on task requirements
Part 4: Keyboard requirements
Part 5: Workstation layout and postural requirements
Part 6: Guidance on the work environment
Part 9: Requirements for non-keyboard input devices
Part 11: Guidance on usability
Part 12: Presentation of information
Part 13: User guidance
Part 14: Menu dialogues
Part 15: Command dialogues
Part 16: Direct manipulation dialogues
Part 17: Form filling dialogues
Part 20: Accessibility guidelines for ICT equipment and services
Part 100: Introduction to standards related to software ergonomics
Part 110: Dialogue principles
Part 129: (DIS) Guidance on software individualization
Part 151: Guidance on World Wide Web user interfaces
Part 171: Guidance on software accessibility
Part 210: Human-centred design for interactive systems
Part 300: Introduction to electronic visual display requirements
Part 302: Terminology for electronic visual displays
Part 303: Requirements for electronic visual displays
Part 304: User performance test methods for electronic visual displays
Part 305: Optical laboratory test methods for electronic visual displays
Part 306: Field assessment methods for electronic visual displays
Part 307: Analysis and compliance test methods for electronic visual
displays
Part 308: Surface-conduction electron-emitter displays (SED)
Part 309: Organic light-emitting diode (OLED) displays
Part 400: Principles and requirements for physical input devices
Part 410: Design criteria for physical input devices
Part 420: (DIS) Selection procedures for physical input devices
Part 910: (DIS) Framework for tactile and haptic interaction
Part 920: Guidance on tactile and haptic interactions
10. www.dadda.it roberto@dadda.it Excellence in usability 1st semester 2021-2022 10
Usability framework
The official ISO
9241-11 definition of
usability is: “the
extent to which a
product can be used
by specified users to
achieve specified
goals with
effectiveness,
efficiency and
satisfaction in a
specified context of
use.”
15. www.dadda.it roberto@dadda.it Excellence in usability 1st semester 2021-2022 15
Design patterns
A design pattern is a general solution to a design
problem that recurs in many situations, even very
different.
Not a “conclusive” solution, but rather a model, a
template to be adapted to the specific situation.
The concept originated in architecture at the end of the
70's (Christopher Alexander), and was applied to
software engineering from the late 80s.
illustration
of
Christopher
Alexander's
'Positive
Outdoor
Space'
by
Matt
Noiseux
19. www.dadda.it roberto@dadda.it Excellence in usability 1st semester 2021-2022 19
Mobile design patterns, examples
http://www.mobile-patterns.com
http://http://pttrns.com
http://inspired-ui.com (iPhone)
http://www.sitepoint.com/examples-mobile-design-patterns/
A book:
http://www.mobiledesignpatterngallery.com
20. www.dadda.it roberto@dadda.it Excellence in usability 1st semester 2021-2022 20
Patterns: how and why?
The formalism of description
are different, but normally each
pattern is described in a sheet
providing:
• the problem in question
• the pattern that solves the
problem
• The motivations
• The scope/limitations of
application
• Examples of use
ADVANTAGES
• Suggest solutions to designers
• Creation of a common language
• Spread the "de facto standard"
• Avoid "reinventing the wheel"
22. www.dadda.it roberto@dadda.it Excellence in usability 1st semester 2021-2022 22
Principles
• The "moral principles" are the principles
driving the "good" human behavior.
• In system design, we can seek those "moral
principles" that should guide us, especially
when we have to choose between different
solutions.
• Are all the more valid as practice shows that
derogate from these principles creates,
sooner or later, difficulties.
23. www.dadda.it roberto@dadda.it Excellence in usability 1st semester 2021-2022 23
9241-110: 7 principles
It deals 7 principles about the dialogue
between humans and information
systems:
1. Suitability for the task
2. Self descriptiveness
3. Conformity with user expectations
4. Suitability for learning
5. Controllability
6. Error tolerance
7. Suitability for individualization
26. www.dadda.it roberto@dadda.it Excellence in usability 1st semester 2021-2022 26
7 dialogue principles in ISO 9241-110:2006
1. Suitability for the task
2. Self descriptiveness
3. Conformity with user expectations
4. Suitability for learning
5. Controllability
6. Error tolerance
7. Suitability for individualization
system functionality and
dialogue are based on the
characteristics of the task,
rather than the technology
chosen to solve it
27. www.dadda.it roberto@dadda.it Excellence in usability 1st semester 2021-2022 27
Suitability for the task: how
This principle is declined as…
... "spasmodic" attention to the identification of
the use cases, and the definition of the use
case diagram, document-level requirements in
order to guide the design; also…
...the definition of typical usage scenarios
helped us to refine the analysis
28. www.dadda.it roberto@dadda.it Excellence in usability 1st semester 2021-2022 28
Suitability for the task: aspects
Phases of interaction adequate to the task
Information and formats adequate to the task
I/O devices adequate to the task
Interaction techniques adequate to the task
Typical Defaults
But...
Essential dialogue (no unnecessary redundancy for the task)
31. www.dadda.it roberto@dadda.it Excellence in usability 1st semester 2021-2022 31
Essential dialogue
Thoroughly analyze the
redundancies:
Are they needed?
What are they needed for?
Who needs them?
Are there any disadvantages
in eliminating them?
32. www.dadda.it roberto@dadda.it Excellence in usability 1st semester 2021-2022 32
7 dialogue principles in ISO 9241-110:2006
1. Suitability for the task
2. Self descriptiveness
3. Conformity with user expectations
4. Suitability for learning
5. Controllability
6. Error tolerance
7. Suitability for individualization
It is clear to users, at all times, in
which dialogue they are, where
they are in the dialogue, which
actions they can do and how
these can be made
35. www.dadda.it roberto@dadda.it Excellence in usability 1st semester 2021-2022 35
7 dialogue principles in ISO 9241-110:2006
1. Suitability for the task
2. Self descriptiveness
3. Conformity with user
expectations
4. Suitability for learning
5. Controllability
6. Error tolerance
7. Suitability for individualization
The dialogue corresponds to the
user's needs, predictable
because of the context and
commonly accepted conventions
36. www.dadda.it roberto@dadda.it Excellence in usability 1st semester 2021-2022 36
The words “conformity with user
expectations" is very general,
and it includes many particular aspects,
including the "coherence" between the
various aspects of interaction.
Adherence to this design principle must
be very, very carefully analyzed
37. www.dadda.it roberto@dadda.it Excellence in usability 1st semester 2021-2022 37
Conformity with user expectations
implemented
This principle is about:
...examining used terms and phrases carefully
...using the same pattern of interaction in all phases of the
application (consistency)
...following the guidelines of the particular device used
...using fonts, graphic shapes and colors in a consistent way
throughout the application
41. www.dadda.it roberto@dadda.it Excellence in usability 1st semester 2021-2022 41
7 dialogue principles in ISO 9241-110:2006
1. Suitability for the task
2. Self descriptiveness
3. Conformity with user expectations
4. Suitability for learning
5. Controllability
6. Error tolerance
7. Suitability for individualization
Dialogue supports and guides
you in learning the system
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User evolves, the system must evolve with him
All
users
are
…
Newbee
Most
of
them
will
be…
Goog users
Some
of
them
will
become…
Competent
Few
of
them
will
become
Experts
43. www.dadda.it roberto@dadda.it Excellence in usability 1st semester 2021-2022 43
Suitability for learning: aspects
• Aided familiarization
• Low threshold of learning
• Intermediate feedback
• Guaranteed and secure test
• Evident conceptual model
• Facilitated re-learning
45. www.dadda.it roberto@dadda.it Excellence in usability 1st semester 2021-2022 45
Help online: help types
• What it this and what is its purpose?
• Where is this command?
• Explain this topic?
• How do I accomplish this?
46. www.dadda.it roberto@dadda.it Excellence in usability 1st semester 2021-2022 46
7 dialogue principles in ISO 9241-110:2006
1. Suitability for the task
2. Self descriptiveness
3. Conformity with user expectations
4. Suitability for learning
5. Controllability
6. Error tolerance
7. Suitability for individualization
The user is able to begin and
keep under control the direction
and timing of the interaction up
to achieving the objective
47. www.dadda.it roberto@dadda.it Excellence in usability 1st semester 2021-2022 47
Controllability, implemented
This principle is about:
..."spasmodic" attention to navigation fluidity (back
command always present, home page as "safe haven")
...eliminating phases of dialogue that can be done only
once, at its beginning only (!)
...eliminating Q & A controlled by the system
48. www.dadda.it roberto@dadda.it Excellence in usability 1st semester 2021-2022 48
7 dialogue principles in ISO 9241-110:2006
1. Suitability for the task
2. Self descriptiveness
3. Conformity with user expectations
4. Suitability for learning
5. Controllability
6. Error tolerance
7. Suitability for individualization
Despite obvious errors in the
input, the desired results can be
achieved with little or no
corrective action
49. www.dadda.it roberto@dadda.it Excellence in usability 1st semester 2021-2022 49
Error tolerance: aspects
• User help
• Prevention of illicit actions
• Explanation of the error
• Error recovery
• Automatic corrections
• Possibility of deferred correction
• Additional explanations
• Verification and validation of data
• Minimum correction effort
• Confirmation requests
50. www.dadda.it roberto@dadda.it Excellence in usability 1st semester 2021-2022 50
7 dialogue principles in ISO 9241-110:2006
1. Suitability for the task
2. Self descriptiveness
3. Conformity with user expectations
4. Suitability for learning
5. Controllability
6. Error tolerance
7. Suitability for
individualization
The user can change the
interaction and presentation of
information to suit his personal
needs and individual skills
51. www.dadda.it roberto@dadda.it Excellence in usability 1st semester 2021-2022 51
Suitability for individualization: aspects
• Adaptation to the user's profile
• Choice of alternative representations
• Choice of the level of explanations
• Customizable vocabulary
• Customizable response times
• Choice of the method of interaction
• Customizable dialogue
• Versioning and recoverability of previous values
52. www.dadda.it roberto@dadda.it Excellence in usability 1st semester 2021-2022 52
Meaning that users can adapt the product to their own
needs. For example, a beginner has different expectations
of a product than an expert.
56. www.dadda.it roberto@dadda.it Excellence in usability 1st semester 2021-2022 56
Another point of view of the same
concepts
10 Usability Heuristics for User Interface Design
By Jakob Nielsen
1. Visibility of system status
2. Match between system and the real world
3. User control and freedom
4. Consistency and standards
5. Error prevention
6. Recognition rather than recall
7. Flexibility and efficiency of use
8. Aesthetic and minimalist design
9. Help users recognize, diagnose, and recover from errors
10. Help and documentation
(J.Nielsen, How to conduct a Heuristi Evaluation, in
http://www.useit.com/papers/heuristic/heuristic_evaluation.html )