Edward Jenner was born in 1749 in England and became interested in medicine and immunology. He observed that milkmaids who had previously caught cowpox did not catch the more deadly smallpox. In 1796, he conducted an experiment where he inoculated an 8-year old boy with cowpox pus which protected him from later smallpox exposure. Jenner published his findings in 1798, establishing the technique of vaccination to prevent smallpox. Vaccination was later made compulsory and led to the eradication of smallpox, saving millions of lives. Jenner is considered the father of immunology.