UFD

1. Integrated Waste Management
Office of Spent Fuel and Waste Disposition
Nuclear Energy
Highlights from
Integrated Waste
Management System
Analyses, Storage and
Transportation Activities
Rob Howard
Integrated Waste Management System Deputy NTD
Oak Ridge National Laboratory
SFWST Working Group Meeting
May 23, 2017
University of Nevada, Las Vegas

2. 2
Disclaimer
 This is a technical presentation that does not take into account contractual
limitations under the Standard Contract (10 CFR Part 961). To the extent the
discussions or recommendations in this presentation conflict with the
provisions of the Standard Contract, the Standard Contract provisions prevail.
This presentation reflects research and development efforts to explore technical
concepts which could support future decision making by DOE. No inferences
should be drawn from this presentation regarding future actions by DOE.
 Under the Standard Contract (10 CFR Part 961), DOE is obligated to accept only
bare spent nuclear fuel. Acceptance of canistered spent nuclear fuel would
require a mutual agreement to amend the contract.
NEI 2017

3. 3
Integrated Waste Management System
Analysis Tool Highlights

4. 4
UNF-ST&DARDS is being developed as
an integrating (storage, transportation,
and disposal) foundational resource
 Integrates data with analysis capabilities to simplify SNF
characterization process
 Collects and preserves data over long time frames
 Any SNF related activity starts with understanding the SNF characteristics
 Perform actual assembly-specific and cask-specific evaluations
 Objective is to develop a comprehensive system for analysis of the
SNF from the time it is discharged from the reactor to the time it is
disposed of in a geologic repository
 Developed to support the design, licensing,
safety, security, and eventual disposal of
SNF systems
Pu-239 and Pu-241 mass
(in metric ton)
from commercial SNF in
year 2020

5. 5
UNF-ST&DARDS Capabilities (and
potential application areas)
 Criticality evaluations
 As-loaded storage and transportation
 As-loaded direct disposal (Panel on Tuesday)
 Shielding/dose evaluations
 Transportation and Self Protection
 Storage Designs
 Repository or surface facility evaluations
 Fuel characterization
 Element/isotope predictions
 Source term for isotope transport in repository
 Data for future surface facilities (e.g., packaging, transfer)
 Fuel/package temperatures and thermal loads
 Long-term package performance
 Repository design
SFWST WG 2017

6. 6
Storage and System Analysis
Highlights
SFWST WG 2017
• ISF Economics
• Storage System Design and
Topical Safety Analysis
Report
• ASME Section XI Code
Case
• Standardization and
Packaging

7. 7
Are the economics of an ISF an
advantage or a disadvantage?
SFWST WG 2017
 ISF would have a near-term cost
 Would increase system-wide yearly expenditures in the next few decades
 However, costs in the future may be reduced
 Any system-wide cost avoidance (though potentially large) may not
offset the initial investment in an ISF for multiple decades.
 Assumptions on unit costs and economic environment will dominate
 Recent Work
 Cost Implications of an Interim Storage Facility in the Waste Management
System – 2016
– https://curie.ornl.gov/content/cost-implications-interim-storage-facility-waste-management-system-0
 Cost Sensitivity Analysis for Consolidated Interim Storage of Spent Fuel:
Evaluating the Effect of Economic Environment Parameters – 2016
– https://curie.ornl.gov/content/cost-sensitivity-analysis-consolidated-interim-storage-spent-fuel-evaluating-effect-economic
 Potential Cost Implications of an Interim Storage Facility for Commercial SNF
– 2017 Waste Management Symposia Paper
– https://curie.ornl.gov/content/potential-cost-implications-interim-storage-facility-commercial-snf

8. 8
2016 work showed an ISF could
reduce total system cost (used no
discounting, inflation, etc.)
SFWST WG 2017
 Assumptions
 $1B for ISF
deployment costs
 All fuel goes through
ISF
 3000 MTHM/year
 Oldest Fuel First
Allocation
 Shutdown sites as of
2011 were cleared
first
 Full-scale ISF
begins operation in
2025
Cost Implications of an Interim Storage Facility in the Waste Management System
(Jarrell et al., FCRD-NFST-2015-000648 Rev. 1 ORNL/TM-2015/18) Available at
https://curie.ornl.gov/content/cost-implications-interim-storage-facility-waste-
management-system-0

9. 9
Conclusion: An ISF makes sense if
advantages are judged to outweigh
disadvantages, but requires near-term
investment
 Advantages
 Would improve system reliability and flexibility
– Would avoid single-point system failures
– Would decouple at-reactor and repository operations
– Would add additional opportunity to explore technical challenges
 Earlier SNF acceptance from reactor sites and additional storage capacity
– Federal liability would be reduced as reactor sites are cleared of SNF
– Shutdown site land reutilization/repurposing
 Disadvantages
 ISF would increase near-term system cost
 Would require more SNF transportation and handling
 Could lose repository momentum
 Long term total system cost estimates increase or decrease based
on economic and schedule assumptions used
SFWST WG 2017

10. 10
Interim Storage of Spent Nuclear
Fuel: Facility Design & Topical
Safety Analysis Report
 Interim Storage Facility (ISF) for shutdown reactor SNF and GTCC-LLW receipt and storage
contained in Dual Purpose canisters (DPCs)
 Includes all canister Certificate of Compliance (CoC) used at shutdown reactor sites regardless of
canister vendor
 Can be referenced by any potential Federal or private ISF
 TSAR Contract Deliverables
 Generic (non-site specific) design for receipt and storage facilities
– Calculation of site boundary dose rates (influences site footprint)
– Supports development of the TSAR
 Topical Safety Analysis Report (TSAR) “suitable for submittal to the NRC for review and approval
without modification”:
– Path forward for resolution of the “72-71-72 issue” for restoring canisters to storage service
– Assessment of CoC amendments (loaded vs. current)
– Aging management program for canisters
– Program to handle canister acceptance records
• Part 71
• Part 72.212 storage information
• Part 72.48 changes
• Cask loading packages
• History of occurrences
• Chain of custody
– Development of canister acceptance criteria

11. 11
TSAR Schedule
 The schedule for the design and TSAR contract is:
 Contract awarded to a team led by CB&I on January 23, 2017
 Kickoff Meeting held January 27, 2017
 30% Generic Design Review held April 18, 2017
 20% TSAR Review scheduled for May 31 – June 1, 2017
 60% Project Review – schedule to de determined (TBD)
 90% Project Review – schedule TBD
 NRC Pre-Application Meetings – schedule for the three total
meetings TBD
 Base contract complete January 22, 2018 with three one year Time-
and-Material Option Periods for extension to January 22, 2021
C.1.3

12. 12
ASME Section XI Code Case
C.1.3
 NRC petitioned ASME to develop a Section XI code case for the
In-Service Inspection of SNF storage canisters.
 The NRC request was prompted by concerns over CISCC
 The task group was formed in Jan. 2015 and has completed
2 years of an expected 5 year project.
 The task group is made up of members from utilities, canister
vendors, EPRI, NEI, National Laboratories and the NRC.
 The task team has drafted inspection flow charts depicting the
ISI requirements and drafts of the code
 Given the wide range of interest from the participants,
specification of individual parameters for number of initial
canisters to be inspected, frequency of inspection, and extent
of inspection are not consensus values.

13. 13
Standardized canisters could be
deployed with little change to system-
wide cost while increasing system
flexibility
 Scenarios with standardized canisters reduced total system costs
by between 1 and 7% vs. continuing to use current systems
 ASSUMES direct disposal of DPCs is unfeasible (repackaging required)
 The total system costs would be relatively unchanged regardless
of the location at which standardized canisters are loaded
 The transportation costs were estimated at between 3 and 6% of total costs
SFWST WG Meeting 2017
 Repackaging and associated
impacts (dose, risk, LLW, costs)
could be minimized by
incorporating standardized
canisters
 It is estimated that LLW might be
reduced by up to ~60% if standardized
canisters were loaded starting in 2025

14. 14
Task Order 2 – Simultaneous Welding of
Multiple Standardized Transportation
Aging and Disposal (STAD) Canisters
Team Partners
March 2, 2017 3
Exelon Generating Company operates 23 nuclear units, with 11
ISFSIs at both BWR and PWR sites. Maintains over 10,000 MTU of
SNF in pool storage and has moved over 5,700 MTU of SNF into
approximately 400 dry cask systems since the year 2000
One of the world’s leading nuclear service providers, with hubs in
Europe, Middle East, North America and Asia-Pacific. Atkins North
America has interests in nuclear, oil, gas and renewables energy,
with particular interests in Federal and Commercial nuclear waste
and SNF treatment, storage and disposition, and in SNF recycling
NAC is a major designer and supplier of certified transfer, transport
and storage casks, and storage & transport canisters for SNF, fuel
debris and high level radioactive waste. NAC has safely completed
more than 3,600 SNF shipments from over 60 nuclear facilities
worldwide
Liburdi is an industry leader in the development of automated,
vision based welding systems for nuclear power generation,
aerospace and industrial applications. Liburdi has extensive
metallurgical, engineering, robotics, controls and machine vision
experience. More details on their expertise is provided in the next
four slides.
Footer
 Purpose: To gain information on simultaneously welding multiple simulated small
STAD canisters to better evaluate the capability, requirements, and attributes of
performing such an operation
 Phase 1: System design, engineering, & integration services to develop a working prototype of a
parallel welding system
 Phase 2: Providing test and evaluation services in the simultaneous welding of multiple
canisters. Inspection/evaluation of test specimens for weld quality shall be performed and data on
welding duration/completion times for the various welds shall be collected

15. 15
Packaging Facility Designs
 Preliminary Wet and Dry Packaging Facility design concept
developed for system analysis
 Wet Facility cost estimates were lower than dry facility (~$1.5B vs
~$2.2B), but throughput is also lower (20-40%)
 Operational bottlenecks and high cost dollar elements considered when
developing design concept
Footer

16. 16
Transportation Highlights
 Integrated Waste Management continues efforts to develop an integrated transportation
system
 IWM transportation is divided into three main categories
 Hardware
 Operational
 Intergovernmental and External Engagement
– Called Institutional prior to FY17
SFWST WG 2017
Photo Courtesy of Portland General
Electric Company
 Transportation areas must be fully integrated with each other as well as
all other facets of the waste management system
 Emphasis on developing an accelerated transportation plan that could
be responsive to private initiatives and/or near term deployment of ISF

17. 17
Hardware Planning Package is currently
focused on Railcar development and asset
needs assessments
 AAR S-2043 Compliant Railcars are being developed
 Atlas cask railcar and buffer railcar conceptual design activities are complete
(contract phase 1)
– 12-axle Atlas railcar
• Carries all 17 transportation casks associated with dry cask storage systems currently in use at
shutdown and operating sites
 MOU with Navy signed for delivery of 2nd rail escort vehicle (REV)
– Buffer car design based on chassis of REV
 Modeling and Analysis segment of development is nearing completion (phase 2)
 Prototype manufacture to begin this summer (phase 3)
– 1 Atlas cask car and 2 buffer cars
– Delivery March 2019
 IWM is working to place a contract for phases 4 and 5 for the prototype in FY17
– Instrumented wheel sets are long-lead item (16-20 months)
 Assessment of Alternatives for acquiring hardware is underway
 Lease, buy, turn-key contract, etc.
 Hardware Asset requirements Analysis
 How many casks, railcars and when to acquire
SFWST WG 2017

18. 18
Operational Planning Package is focused
on shutdown sites
Preliminary Evaluation of Removing Used Nuclear Fuel from Shutdown Sites (FY13,
FY14, FY15, FY16 Revisions)
 AKA Shutdown Sites Report or Maheras Report
 Added Fort Calhoun in FY16
 Initial Site-Specific De-Inventory Reports
 Maine Yankee, Trojan, Connecticut
Yankee, Big Rock Point and Humboldt
Bay reports are complete and Kewaunee
is under way
 Focus on technical logistics of removing fuel and GTCC
from shutdown sites
 Multi-attribute Utility Analysis (MUA) used to find
recommended route
 START – Stakeholder Tool for Assessing Radioactive Transport
 Transportation System Project Planning
 Conduct of Operations report
 Transportation Incident Database
 Data integration and feeds to UNF-ST&ARDS

19. 19
Intergovernmental and External
Engagement is a key to a successful
transportation system
 Continual and consistent engagement is a hallmark of successful
transportation systems
 Cooperative agreements with 4 SRGs and NCSL to support Federally
recognized Tribes
 WIPP, FRR are examples of transportation activities that have been
successful in part because of their engagement activities
 Integrated Waste Management has three specific areas of
engagement
 Transportation Planning
– Transportation Core Group Meetings (2 per year)
– National Transportation Stakeholders Forum (NTSF)
– START training
 NWPA Section 180(c) Proposed Policy Development
– Evaluation of Funding Formula and Shipment Scenario Modeling
– Work with State and Regional Groups (SRG) and Tribes to update policy
 Transportation Route Methodology/Application
SFWST WG 2017

20. 20
Questions & Discussion