17 USC § 107 Limitations on Exclusive Rights – FAIR USE
IMPORTANT TO NOTE:
JUST AS EUROPEAN NATIONS WENT ABOUT
SETTING UP COMMISSIONS AND
HOLDING TRIALS FOR WAR CRIMES,
NATIONS-OF-COLOR CAN DO THE SAME
Jeffrey rogers hummel not just japanese americans - the untold story of u.s...RareBooksnRecords
This document summarizes the rise of government repression of civil liberties in the United States prior to Pearl Harbor through increased surveillance, legislation, and harassment of dissenters. It details how the government passed numerous laws restricting political activity like the Smith Act and Alien Registration Act. It also expanded the FBI's domestic surveillance powers through executive orders allowing it to monitor a wide range of groups for subversive or disloyal activities in the name of national security as tensions in Europe grew prior to US entry into World War 2. This set the stage for greater repression of Japanese Americans and others after Pearl Harbor.
The document summarizes the genesis and establishment of the United Nations. It describes how planning for a postwar international organization began during World War II by both government agencies and private organizations. The major Allied powers agreed to preliminary proposals at Dumbarton Oaks and Yalta to lay the groundwork. At the founding conference in San Francisco, smaller states pushed back against the power of the permanent Security Council members but ultimately had to accept their dominant role, while securing some concessions. The UN Charter was finalized and went into effect upon sufficient ratification.
George Washington was the first president of the United States and established many precedents for the office. He led the Continental Army to victory in the American Revolutionary War and was unanimously elected president in 1789. As president, he established the structure and leadership of the executive branch by creating the first presidential cabinet. Washington faced tensions between Alexander Hamilton and Thomas Jefferson over domestic and foreign policy which led to the formation of political parties. He issued the Proclamation of Neutrality to keep the U.S. out of conflicts between France and Britain and signed Jay's Treaty to normalize relations with Britain.
Ending the Occupation:Hawai‘i and the Baltic StatesAzeema Faizunnisa
The document discusses prolonged occupations in Hawaii and the Baltic states of Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania. It covers three key features: 1) Recognition of sovereignty - Hawaii and the Baltic states were recognized as independent nations in the 1800s/early 1900s. 2) Occupation begins - The Baltic states were occupied by the Soviet Union in 1940-1941 and again in 1944-1945, while Hawaii was illegally occupied by the US in 1893. 3) Ending the occupation - The Baltic states restored their independence in 1991 by consolidating issues, creating political groups, infiltrating the political system, and holding elections, while Hawaii remains occupied.
1) Logo and Polo were engaged in an international armed conflict over territorial disputes. Logo breached international humanitarian law through indiscriminate attacks, using chemical weapons and booby-traps, destroying civilian infrastructure without military necessity, mistreating women and child civilians, and torturing prisoners of war.
2) Specifically, Logo indiscriminately destroyed a dam, employed chemical weapons and booby-traps, demolished a civilian nuclear reactor without justification, raped women and recruited child soldiers, and tortured captured enemy combatants. All of these acts violated principles of distinction between combatants and civilians, prohibitions on unnecessary suffering, and humane treatment of non-combatants.
3) In conclusion,
The document summarizes the legal regulation of the use of force under international law. It discusses the basic rule prohibiting the use of force under Article 2(4) of the UN Charter, with exceptions for self-defense and Security Council enforcement actions. It examines debates around the interpretation of Article 2(4) and the requirements for a lawful use of force in self-defense, including that an armed attack must be in progress, the defense must be necessary and proportionate. It also discusses controversial uses of force like anticipatory self-defense and claims of self-defense against terrorist attacks.
Jurisdiction active and passive personality, protective principle andAbsar Aftab Absar
The document discusses different principles of jurisdiction that states can exercise, including territoriality, nationality (active and passive personality), protective principle, and universal jurisdiction. It provides examples of how different states have applied these principles in national courts. The principles evolved to address transnational crimes and situations where territoriality alone was insufficient. Universal jurisdiction in particular remains an evolving principle that requires state consent through treaties or custom to apply to specific offenses.
The document provides an overview of the evolution and key aspects of international criminal law. It discusses how international criminal law began with the Nuremberg trials after WWII, which established crimes like war crimes, crimes against humanity, and crimes of aggression. Since then, several ad hoc tribunals have been created to prosecute international crimes in conflicts like Rwanda and Yugoslavia. More recently, the permanent International Criminal Court was established in 2002 to prosecute genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity, and the crime of aggression, while respecting the principle of complementarity giving domestic courts priority.
Jeffrey rogers hummel not just japanese americans - the untold story of u.s...RareBooksnRecords
This document summarizes the rise of government repression of civil liberties in the United States prior to Pearl Harbor through increased surveillance, legislation, and harassment of dissenters. It details how the government passed numerous laws restricting political activity like the Smith Act and Alien Registration Act. It also expanded the FBI's domestic surveillance powers through executive orders allowing it to monitor a wide range of groups for subversive or disloyal activities in the name of national security as tensions in Europe grew prior to US entry into World War 2. This set the stage for greater repression of Japanese Americans and others after Pearl Harbor.
The document summarizes the genesis and establishment of the United Nations. It describes how planning for a postwar international organization began during World War II by both government agencies and private organizations. The major Allied powers agreed to preliminary proposals at Dumbarton Oaks and Yalta to lay the groundwork. At the founding conference in San Francisco, smaller states pushed back against the power of the permanent Security Council members but ultimately had to accept their dominant role, while securing some concessions. The UN Charter was finalized and went into effect upon sufficient ratification.
George Washington was the first president of the United States and established many precedents for the office. He led the Continental Army to victory in the American Revolutionary War and was unanimously elected president in 1789. As president, he established the structure and leadership of the executive branch by creating the first presidential cabinet. Washington faced tensions between Alexander Hamilton and Thomas Jefferson over domestic and foreign policy which led to the formation of political parties. He issued the Proclamation of Neutrality to keep the U.S. out of conflicts between France and Britain and signed Jay's Treaty to normalize relations with Britain.
Ending the Occupation:Hawai‘i and the Baltic StatesAzeema Faizunnisa
The document discusses prolonged occupations in Hawaii and the Baltic states of Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania. It covers three key features: 1) Recognition of sovereignty - Hawaii and the Baltic states were recognized as independent nations in the 1800s/early 1900s. 2) Occupation begins - The Baltic states were occupied by the Soviet Union in 1940-1941 and again in 1944-1945, while Hawaii was illegally occupied by the US in 1893. 3) Ending the occupation - The Baltic states restored their independence in 1991 by consolidating issues, creating political groups, infiltrating the political system, and holding elections, while Hawaii remains occupied.
1) Logo and Polo were engaged in an international armed conflict over territorial disputes. Logo breached international humanitarian law through indiscriminate attacks, using chemical weapons and booby-traps, destroying civilian infrastructure without military necessity, mistreating women and child civilians, and torturing prisoners of war.
2) Specifically, Logo indiscriminately destroyed a dam, employed chemical weapons and booby-traps, demolished a civilian nuclear reactor without justification, raped women and recruited child soldiers, and tortured captured enemy combatants. All of these acts violated principles of distinction between combatants and civilians, prohibitions on unnecessary suffering, and humane treatment of non-combatants.
3) In conclusion,
The document summarizes the legal regulation of the use of force under international law. It discusses the basic rule prohibiting the use of force under Article 2(4) of the UN Charter, with exceptions for self-defense and Security Council enforcement actions. It examines debates around the interpretation of Article 2(4) and the requirements for a lawful use of force in self-defense, including that an armed attack must be in progress, the defense must be necessary and proportionate. It also discusses controversial uses of force like anticipatory self-defense and claims of self-defense against terrorist attacks.
Jurisdiction active and passive personality, protective principle andAbsar Aftab Absar
The document discusses different principles of jurisdiction that states can exercise, including territoriality, nationality (active and passive personality), protective principle, and universal jurisdiction. It provides examples of how different states have applied these principles in national courts. The principles evolved to address transnational crimes and situations where territoriality alone was insufficient. Universal jurisdiction in particular remains an evolving principle that requires state consent through treaties or custom to apply to specific offenses.
The document provides an overview of the evolution and key aspects of international criminal law. It discusses how international criminal law began with the Nuremberg trials after WWII, which established crimes like war crimes, crimes against humanity, and crimes of aggression. Since then, several ad hoc tribunals have been created to prosecute international crimes in conflicts like Rwanda and Yugoslavia. More recently, the permanent International Criminal Court was established in 2002 to prosecute genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity, and the crime of aggression, while respecting the principle of complementarity giving domestic courts priority.
A Critically Analysis of the Doctrine of Use of Force by States under Interna...Onyekachi Duru Esq
The purpose of this presentation is to provide a clear statement, assessment and critical analysis of the rules of international law governing the use of force by states.
This document discusses two mechanisms for enforcing international law - the International Court of Justice (ICJ) and the United Nations Security Council. It outlines the ICJ's jurisdiction over contentious cases between states and its ability to issue advisory opinions. It also describes the Security Council's role in peacefully settling disputes under Chapter VI of the UN Charter and its expanded powers under Chapter VII to address threats to international peace and security, including authorizing military force.
The Geneva Conventions establish rules for the ethical treatment of prisoners and civilians during war. They include four conventions protecting wounded/sick armed forces members, wounded/sick naval forces, prisoners of war, and civilians. Additional protocols were added in 1977. Signatories must abide by humane treatment rules even if enemies do not. Prisoners and civilians must not be subjected to torture, cruel treatment, hostage-taking, or humiliating/degrading acts.
2) international law and the use of force by statesilyana iskandar
This document provides notes on international law regarding the use of force by states. It discusses the prohibition on the use of force under the UN Charter and customary international law, with limited exceptions for self-defense and UN-authorized actions. It examines key cases like Nicaragua v. US that helped establish the restrictive interpretation of self-defense. While unilateral humanitarian intervention is generally prohibited, collective action authorized by the UN Security Council under Chapter VII is allowed. The principles of non-intervention and necessity/proportionality in self-defense are also summarized.
The law of state responsibility - international lawFAROUQ
The document discusses the law of state responsibility under international law. It covers the key elements of state responsibility, including attribution of conduct to a state, what constitutes an internationally wrongful act, and available defences. Specifically, it examines how the conduct of state organs, persons exercising governmental authority, and persons directed or controlled by a state can be attributed to the state. It also discusses circumstances that can preclude the wrongfulness of a state's actions, such as consent, self-defence, countermeasures, force majeure, and distress.
The document discusses the emergence of the United States and Soviet Union as the two dominant global superpowers following World War II and the beginning of the Cold War era. It outlines several key policies and events from this period, including the Truman Doctrine establishing the policy of communist containment in Europe, the Marshall Plan to rebuild Western Europe, the formation of NATO as a military alliance against the Soviet threat, and US intervention in the Korean War to prevent further communist expansion. Overall, the US sought to strengthen democratic allies, promote economic recovery and development, and contain Soviet influence around the world in the postwar period.
The document discusses trials held by international courts, including the trials of Saddam Hussein, Slobodan Milosevic, and cases handled by the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda. It provides background on the International Court of Justice and describes some of the major cases they have heard. Specifically, it outlines the charges against Saddam Hussein for crimes against humanity, the charges against Milosevic for genocide and crimes against humanity, and precedents set by the ICTR, including the first time rape was classified as genocide.
This document discusses the legal framework governing armed conflict under international law. It outlines the purpose and key principles of International Humanitarian Law (IHL), including the Geneva Conventions and their Additional Protocols. It also discusses the relationship between IHL and International Human Rights Law, and how both apply during armed conflict. Finally, it examines some of the challenges posed by contemporary armed conflicts, including issues around non-state armed groups and implementation of the law.
A Great Experiment The League of NationsAnıl Sural
The document summarizes the founding and structure of the League of Nations following World War I. It describes how the League was created to maintain peace but gave little real power to member states to enforce its decisions. The League's main organs were the Assembly, Council and Secretariat. The Assembly became the central focus through establishing precedents like annual meetings and reviewing the Council's activities. The League had some successes in resolving small disputes but failed to prevent major conflicts like Italy's invasion of Ethiopia due to lack of cooperation from powerful member states.
The document outlines the conditions under which temporarily rejecting liberalism and suppressing citizens' rights could be justified to preserve democracy. Specifically, it argues that rights may be suppressed temporarily during times of crisis that threaten the entire nation, like war or terrorism, as seen in examples from Canada. However, such suppression must be narrowly targeted and lifted once the threat ends to avoid open-ended dictatorship. More recent acts like Canada's Emergencies Act include safeguards to ensure suppression is temporary and limited in scope.
International humanitarian law (IHL) has its origins in the 19th century but is based on older principles of mitigating human suffering during armed conflict. IHL is derived from both historical sources like the 1864 Geneva Convention and 1907 Hague Regulations, as well as modern treaties like the 1949 Geneva Conventions and 1977 Additional Protocols. These sources aim to balance military necessity with humanitarian protections for civilians and combatants. IHL also includes customary international law derived from widespread and consistent state practice followed out of a sense of legal obligation.
Nuremberg principles crimes against humanity (wikipedia information)VogelDenise
Crimes against humanity are serious offenses that violate fundamental human rights. They are part of a widespread or systematic attack directed at civilian populations. The concept emerged after World War II and was used at the Nuremberg trials to prosecute Nazi leaders for atrocities against German citizens. It was further defined by international agreements and tribunals. Today, crimes against humanity fall under the jurisdiction of the International Criminal Court.
Charter of U.N. Article 2(1,4,7) InterventionAshok Bala
This presentation discusses intervention, the Gulf War, and principles of international law. It begins with definitions of intervention and discusses the tension between state sovereignty and self-defense. It then covers the 1991 Gulf War when Iraq invaded Kuwait, violating the UN Charter, leading the UN Security Council to authorize force to remove Iraqi forces. The presentation also discusses the Monroe Doctrine of non-intervention in the Americas and the related Drago Doctrine protecting states from armed intervention over debt claims. In conclusion, it restates that Iraq violated international law by invading Kuwait.
During Truman's presidency from 1945-1953, he pursued a foreign policy of containing the spread of communism through the Truman Doctrine, Marshall Plan, NATO alliance, and development of nuclear weapons. Domestically, Truman failed to pass much of his ambitious Fair Deal agenda, but did integrate the military and make some progress on civil rights. The Red Scare led by Senator McCarthy led to investigations into communist activities and accusations against Americans.
The document discusses various means for the peaceful settlement of international disputes according to the UN Charter. It describes negotiation, enquiry, mediation, conciliation, arbitration, resort to regional arrangements, and judicial settlement. It provides details on the International Court of Justice, including its composition, functions, jurisdiction, and how states can accept its jurisdiction through special agreements, treaty clauses, or declarations.
Cause for ww ii, wartime conferences and peace treatiesAnjan Kumar Dahal
The document discusses the causes behind World War 2 and important wartime conferences between Allied powers. It outlines several long-term and immediate causes for WW2, including the Treaty of Versailles, rise of fascism, and failure of appeasement policies. It then summarizes some key conferences where Allied leaders coordinated strategy, like the Atlantic Charter which outlined post-war principles and the United Nations Declaration where 26 nations pledged cooperation against the Axis powers. The Casablanca Conference saw Churchill and Roosevelt agree to increase bombing of Germany and transfer resources to the Pacific once Italy was defeated.
Okany NR - State Responsibility in International Law for Acts of Private Enti...Nwamaka Okany
This presentation given at the Annual Research Day of the Netherlands School of Human Rights Research (2016) looks at the extent to which a State is responsible under international law for human rights violations committed by private entities. While underscoring that the growing power of corporate and other non-State actors on the international plane does not diminish the importance of State responsibility as a tool for safeguarding human rights in the private sphere, it points to the complementary role direct accountability of corporate entities in international law can play in strengthening the international system of human rights protection
This document discusses several economic challenges facing the US after WWII, including what to do with returning soldiers and high unemployment. It outlines Truman's domestic policies like expanding Social Security and fair employment laws. The GI Bill provided education and home/business loans for veterans. Executive Order 9981 desegregated the military. Railway strikes in 1946 disrupted freight and passenger lines. The Employment Act aimed to ensure full employment. The Taft-Hartley Act limited union power. Reasons for postwar prosperity included continued war spending, R&D, cheap energy, and increased productivity/wages.
Role of icj in solving internation disputegagan deep
The International Court of Justice (ICJ) helps resolve international disputes through binding judgments. It is the primary judicial branch of the United Nations, composed of 15 judges elected by the UN General Assembly and Security Council. Only states can bring cases to the ICJ, and its jurisdiction is based on state consent. One example is the 1986 case of Nicaragua v. United States, where the ICJ ruled the US violated international law by supporting Contra rebels against Nicaragua's government. While the decision was binding, the US refused to participate and blocked its enforcement, showing the limited power of the ICJ without state cooperation.
NUREMBERG - Crimes Against Humanity/Crimes Against Peace (For TRANSLATION)VogelDenise
The document discusses the United States' potential violations of international laws and treaties related to crimes against humanity and crimes against peace as defined by the Nuremberg Principles. It provides background information on the definitions and historical development of these concepts, including their incorporation into the Rome Statute and International Criminal Court. The document calls for holding US heads of state and officials accountable for their alleged criminal acts under international law.
A Question Left Unanswered - The Causes and Consequences of the Great Powers’...Juliet Davis
This document provides background information on the failed attempts to prosecute perpetrators of the Armenian Genocide during World War 1. It discusses how in 1915 the Ottoman government initiated deportations and massacres that killed over 1 million Armenians. After World War 1, there were both domestic and international efforts to prosecute Turkish officials responsible, but these all ultimately failed. The document argues that examining this historical failure can provide lessons for addressing the current situation regarding war crimes in Syria.
The United States can perfectly better serve its security interest.docxssusera34210
The United States can perfectly better serve its security interests, under the jurisdiction of the International Criminal Court (ICC) and subject itself to the constraints of international law, provided that the aggressions of the International Criminal Court are limited to cases approved by the Security Council of the United Nations. This would effectively protect the United States against a possible prosecution while it would allow to control, through its veto in the Security Council, other prosecutions. Otherwise the United States would fall under a double standard, when they seek to control the behavior of other Governments, without accepting the corresponding limitations of their own conduct.
Serious violations of human rights and war crimes committed during the Second World War demonstrated the need to implement mechanisms to prosecute those responsible for these atrocities. In this way, the international community decided back then to create tribunals in Nuremberg and Tokyo, formed by both in the first step towards the consolidation of international criminal justice. The Cold War prevented the establishment of an International Criminal Court of a permanent nature, a difficulty that would be extended until the end of the 1980's, with the fall of the Berlin wall, a possibility was newly opened by creating a court with universal jurisdiction for the most serious cases of violation of human rights and international humanitarian law, which was accentuated with the humanitarian crises that occurred by the civil wars in Rwanda and Yugoslavia.
The ICC formed by 120 States adopted in 1998, the Rome Statute, is the first international jurisdiction with universal vocation and aspiration; competent to prosecute individuals for crimes of war, genocide, crimes against humanity and the crime of aggression. Added to these serious crimes, at the request of the Court itself, were sexual offenses, torture as an illegal instrument of war and the elimination of "receiving a higher order", as a valid defense of criminal responsibility or liability. It should be emphasized that the ICC is a complementary body of the national jurisdiction, and is only competent in cases where the state cannot or does not want to prosecute the accused. However, the United States did not ratify it, and even withdrew its signature from the Rome Statute and proceeded to begin a campaign against the ICC. The ICC has jurisdiction only with respect to crimes committed after the entry into force of the Statute which was the first of July 2002, and the Court may only exercise its jurisdiction if the State on whose territory the crime in question has occurred, or the State of nationality of the accused of the crime, is part of the Rome Statute, and if not being so, agrees to accept such jurisdiction by expressing declaration. As we said ut supra the United States did not sign the Rome Statute, with which the ICC has no jurisdiction over its nationals. The signatory states pledged ...
A Critically Analysis of the Doctrine of Use of Force by States under Interna...Onyekachi Duru Esq
The purpose of this presentation is to provide a clear statement, assessment and critical analysis of the rules of international law governing the use of force by states.
This document discusses two mechanisms for enforcing international law - the International Court of Justice (ICJ) and the United Nations Security Council. It outlines the ICJ's jurisdiction over contentious cases between states and its ability to issue advisory opinions. It also describes the Security Council's role in peacefully settling disputes under Chapter VI of the UN Charter and its expanded powers under Chapter VII to address threats to international peace and security, including authorizing military force.
The Geneva Conventions establish rules for the ethical treatment of prisoners and civilians during war. They include four conventions protecting wounded/sick armed forces members, wounded/sick naval forces, prisoners of war, and civilians. Additional protocols were added in 1977. Signatories must abide by humane treatment rules even if enemies do not. Prisoners and civilians must not be subjected to torture, cruel treatment, hostage-taking, or humiliating/degrading acts.
2) international law and the use of force by statesilyana iskandar
This document provides notes on international law regarding the use of force by states. It discusses the prohibition on the use of force under the UN Charter and customary international law, with limited exceptions for self-defense and UN-authorized actions. It examines key cases like Nicaragua v. US that helped establish the restrictive interpretation of self-defense. While unilateral humanitarian intervention is generally prohibited, collective action authorized by the UN Security Council under Chapter VII is allowed. The principles of non-intervention and necessity/proportionality in self-defense are also summarized.
The law of state responsibility - international lawFAROUQ
The document discusses the law of state responsibility under international law. It covers the key elements of state responsibility, including attribution of conduct to a state, what constitutes an internationally wrongful act, and available defences. Specifically, it examines how the conduct of state organs, persons exercising governmental authority, and persons directed or controlled by a state can be attributed to the state. It also discusses circumstances that can preclude the wrongfulness of a state's actions, such as consent, self-defence, countermeasures, force majeure, and distress.
The document discusses the emergence of the United States and Soviet Union as the two dominant global superpowers following World War II and the beginning of the Cold War era. It outlines several key policies and events from this period, including the Truman Doctrine establishing the policy of communist containment in Europe, the Marshall Plan to rebuild Western Europe, the formation of NATO as a military alliance against the Soviet threat, and US intervention in the Korean War to prevent further communist expansion. Overall, the US sought to strengthen democratic allies, promote economic recovery and development, and contain Soviet influence around the world in the postwar period.
The document discusses trials held by international courts, including the trials of Saddam Hussein, Slobodan Milosevic, and cases handled by the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda. It provides background on the International Court of Justice and describes some of the major cases they have heard. Specifically, it outlines the charges against Saddam Hussein for crimes against humanity, the charges against Milosevic for genocide and crimes against humanity, and precedents set by the ICTR, including the first time rape was classified as genocide.
This document discusses the legal framework governing armed conflict under international law. It outlines the purpose and key principles of International Humanitarian Law (IHL), including the Geneva Conventions and their Additional Protocols. It also discusses the relationship between IHL and International Human Rights Law, and how both apply during armed conflict. Finally, it examines some of the challenges posed by contemporary armed conflicts, including issues around non-state armed groups and implementation of the law.
A Great Experiment The League of NationsAnıl Sural
The document summarizes the founding and structure of the League of Nations following World War I. It describes how the League was created to maintain peace but gave little real power to member states to enforce its decisions. The League's main organs were the Assembly, Council and Secretariat. The Assembly became the central focus through establishing precedents like annual meetings and reviewing the Council's activities. The League had some successes in resolving small disputes but failed to prevent major conflicts like Italy's invasion of Ethiopia due to lack of cooperation from powerful member states.
The document outlines the conditions under which temporarily rejecting liberalism and suppressing citizens' rights could be justified to preserve democracy. Specifically, it argues that rights may be suppressed temporarily during times of crisis that threaten the entire nation, like war or terrorism, as seen in examples from Canada. However, such suppression must be narrowly targeted and lifted once the threat ends to avoid open-ended dictatorship. More recent acts like Canada's Emergencies Act include safeguards to ensure suppression is temporary and limited in scope.
International humanitarian law (IHL) has its origins in the 19th century but is based on older principles of mitigating human suffering during armed conflict. IHL is derived from both historical sources like the 1864 Geneva Convention and 1907 Hague Regulations, as well as modern treaties like the 1949 Geneva Conventions and 1977 Additional Protocols. These sources aim to balance military necessity with humanitarian protections for civilians and combatants. IHL also includes customary international law derived from widespread and consistent state practice followed out of a sense of legal obligation.
Nuremberg principles crimes against humanity (wikipedia information)VogelDenise
Crimes against humanity are serious offenses that violate fundamental human rights. They are part of a widespread or systematic attack directed at civilian populations. The concept emerged after World War II and was used at the Nuremberg trials to prosecute Nazi leaders for atrocities against German citizens. It was further defined by international agreements and tribunals. Today, crimes against humanity fall under the jurisdiction of the International Criminal Court.
Charter of U.N. Article 2(1,4,7) InterventionAshok Bala
This presentation discusses intervention, the Gulf War, and principles of international law. It begins with definitions of intervention and discusses the tension between state sovereignty and self-defense. It then covers the 1991 Gulf War when Iraq invaded Kuwait, violating the UN Charter, leading the UN Security Council to authorize force to remove Iraqi forces. The presentation also discusses the Monroe Doctrine of non-intervention in the Americas and the related Drago Doctrine protecting states from armed intervention over debt claims. In conclusion, it restates that Iraq violated international law by invading Kuwait.
During Truman's presidency from 1945-1953, he pursued a foreign policy of containing the spread of communism through the Truman Doctrine, Marshall Plan, NATO alliance, and development of nuclear weapons. Domestically, Truman failed to pass much of his ambitious Fair Deal agenda, but did integrate the military and make some progress on civil rights. The Red Scare led by Senator McCarthy led to investigations into communist activities and accusations against Americans.
The document discusses various means for the peaceful settlement of international disputes according to the UN Charter. It describes negotiation, enquiry, mediation, conciliation, arbitration, resort to regional arrangements, and judicial settlement. It provides details on the International Court of Justice, including its composition, functions, jurisdiction, and how states can accept its jurisdiction through special agreements, treaty clauses, or declarations.
Cause for ww ii, wartime conferences and peace treatiesAnjan Kumar Dahal
The document discusses the causes behind World War 2 and important wartime conferences between Allied powers. It outlines several long-term and immediate causes for WW2, including the Treaty of Versailles, rise of fascism, and failure of appeasement policies. It then summarizes some key conferences where Allied leaders coordinated strategy, like the Atlantic Charter which outlined post-war principles and the United Nations Declaration where 26 nations pledged cooperation against the Axis powers. The Casablanca Conference saw Churchill and Roosevelt agree to increase bombing of Germany and transfer resources to the Pacific once Italy was defeated.
Okany NR - State Responsibility in International Law for Acts of Private Enti...Nwamaka Okany
This presentation given at the Annual Research Day of the Netherlands School of Human Rights Research (2016) looks at the extent to which a State is responsible under international law for human rights violations committed by private entities. While underscoring that the growing power of corporate and other non-State actors on the international plane does not diminish the importance of State responsibility as a tool for safeguarding human rights in the private sphere, it points to the complementary role direct accountability of corporate entities in international law can play in strengthening the international system of human rights protection
This document discusses several economic challenges facing the US after WWII, including what to do with returning soldiers and high unemployment. It outlines Truman's domestic policies like expanding Social Security and fair employment laws. The GI Bill provided education and home/business loans for veterans. Executive Order 9981 desegregated the military. Railway strikes in 1946 disrupted freight and passenger lines. The Employment Act aimed to ensure full employment. The Taft-Hartley Act limited union power. Reasons for postwar prosperity included continued war spending, R&D, cheap energy, and increased productivity/wages.
Role of icj in solving internation disputegagan deep
The International Court of Justice (ICJ) helps resolve international disputes through binding judgments. It is the primary judicial branch of the United Nations, composed of 15 judges elected by the UN General Assembly and Security Council. Only states can bring cases to the ICJ, and its jurisdiction is based on state consent. One example is the 1986 case of Nicaragua v. United States, where the ICJ ruled the US violated international law by supporting Contra rebels against Nicaragua's government. While the decision was binding, the US refused to participate and blocked its enforcement, showing the limited power of the ICJ without state cooperation.
NUREMBERG - Crimes Against Humanity/Crimes Against Peace (For TRANSLATION)VogelDenise
The document discusses the United States' potential violations of international laws and treaties related to crimes against humanity and crimes against peace as defined by the Nuremberg Principles. It provides background information on the definitions and historical development of these concepts, including their incorporation into the Rome Statute and International Criminal Court. The document calls for holding US heads of state and officials accountable for their alleged criminal acts under international law.
A Question Left Unanswered - The Causes and Consequences of the Great Powers’...Juliet Davis
This document provides background information on the failed attempts to prosecute perpetrators of the Armenian Genocide during World War 1. It discusses how in 1915 the Ottoman government initiated deportations and massacres that killed over 1 million Armenians. After World War 1, there were both domestic and international efforts to prosecute Turkish officials responsible, but these all ultimately failed. The document argues that examining this historical failure can provide lessons for addressing the current situation regarding war crimes in Syria.
The United States can perfectly better serve its security interest.docxssusera34210
The United States can perfectly better serve its security interests, under the jurisdiction of the International Criminal Court (ICC) and subject itself to the constraints of international law, provided that the aggressions of the International Criminal Court are limited to cases approved by the Security Council of the United Nations. This would effectively protect the United States against a possible prosecution while it would allow to control, through its veto in the Security Council, other prosecutions. Otherwise the United States would fall under a double standard, when they seek to control the behavior of other Governments, without accepting the corresponding limitations of their own conduct.
Serious violations of human rights and war crimes committed during the Second World War demonstrated the need to implement mechanisms to prosecute those responsible for these atrocities. In this way, the international community decided back then to create tribunals in Nuremberg and Tokyo, formed by both in the first step towards the consolidation of international criminal justice. The Cold War prevented the establishment of an International Criminal Court of a permanent nature, a difficulty that would be extended until the end of the 1980's, with the fall of the Berlin wall, a possibility was newly opened by creating a court with universal jurisdiction for the most serious cases of violation of human rights and international humanitarian law, which was accentuated with the humanitarian crises that occurred by the civil wars in Rwanda and Yugoslavia.
The ICC formed by 120 States adopted in 1998, the Rome Statute, is the first international jurisdiction with universal vocation and aspiration; competent to prosecute individuals for crimes of war, genocide, crimes against humanity and the crime of aggression. Added to these serious crimes, at the request of the Court itself, were sexual offenses, torture as an illegal instrument of war and the elimination of "receiving a higher order", as a valid defense of criminal responsibility or liability. It should be emphasized that the ICC is a complementary body of the national jurisdiction, and is only competent in cases where the state cannot or does not want to prosecute the accused. However, the United States did not ratify it, and even withdrew its signature from the Rome Statute and proceeded to begin a campaign against the ICC. The ICC has jurisdiction only with respect to crimes committed after the entry into force of the Statute which was the first of July 2002, and the Court may only exercise its jurisdiction if the State on whose territory the crime in question has occurred, or the State of nationality of the accused of the crime, is part of the Rome Statute, and if not being so, agrees to accept such jurisdiction by expressing declaration. As we said ut supra the United States did not sign the Rome Statute, with which the ICC has no jurisdiction over its nationals. The signatory states pledged ...
1. President William McKinley, letter to Congress, April 25, 1898.SantosConleyha
1. President William McKinley, letter to Congress, April 25, 1898.
[I took action] under the joint resolution approved April 20, 1898, "for the recognition of the independence of the people of Cuba, demanding that the Government of Spain relinquish its authority and Government in the island of Cuba, and to withdraw its land and naval forces from Cuba and Cuban waters…"
…The Government of Spain…responds by treating the reasonable demands of this Government as measures of hostility, following with that instant and complete severance of relations by its action which by the usage of nations accompanies an existent state of war between sovereign powers.
I now recommend the adoption of a joint resolution declaring that a state of war exists between the United States of America and the Kingdom of Spain…
2. Teller Amendment, Adopted by the Senate, April 19, 1898
[The United States] hereby disclaims any disposition of intention to exercise sovereignty, jurisdiction, or control over said island except for pacification thereof, and asserts its determination, when that is accomplished, to leave the government and control of the island to its people.
3. Senator Alfred Beveridge (R-Indiana), in Congress, January 9, 1900.
. . . [J]ust beyond the Philippines are China's illimitable markets. . . We will not renounce our part in the mission of our race, trustee of God, of the civilization of the world. . . Where shall we turn for consumers of our surplus?. . . China is our natural customer. . . [England, Germany and Russia] have moved nearer to China by securing permanent bases on her borders. The Philippines gives us a base at the door of all the East. . .
They [the Filipinos] are a barbarous race, modified by three centuries of contact with a decadent race [the Spanish]. . . It is barely possible that 1,000 men in all the archipelago are capable of self-government in the Anglo-Saxon sense. . .
The Declaration [of Independence] applies only to people capable of self-government. How dare any man prostitute this expression of the very elect of self-government peoples to a race of Malay children of barbarism, schooled in Spanish methods and ideas? And you, who say the Declaration applies to all men, how dare you deny its application to the American Indian? And if you deny it to the Indian at home, how dare you grant it to the Malay abroad.
4. President Woodrow Wilson, War Message to Congress, 1917
The Imperial German Government [announced that] it was its purpose to put aside all restraints of law or of humanity and use its submarines to sink every vessel that sought to approach either the ports of Great Britain and Ireland or the western coasts of Europe or any of the ports controlled by the enemies of Germany within the Mediterranean.…
It is a war against all nations. American ships have been sunk, American lives taken, in ways which it has stirred us very deeply to learn of, but the ships and people of other neutral and friendly nations have been sunk and ...
1. President William McKinley, letter to Congress, April 25, 1898.AbbyWhyte974
1. President William McKinley, letter to Congress, April 25, 1898.
[I took action] under the joint resolution approved April 20, 1898, "for the recognition of the independence of the people of Cuba, demanding that the Government of Spain relinquish its authority and Government in the island of Cuba, and to withdraw its land and naval forces from Cuba and Cuban waters…"
…The Government of Spain…responds by treating the reasonable demands of this Government as measures of hostility, following with that instant and complete severance of relations by its action which by the usage of nations accompanies an existent state of war between sovereign powers.
I now recommend the adoption of a joint resolution declaring that a state of war exists between the United States of America and the Kingdom of Spain…
2. Teller Amendment, Adopted by the Senate, April 19, 1898
[The United States] hereby disclaims any disposition of intention to exercise sovereignty, jurisdiction, or control over said island except for pacification thereof, and asserts its determination, when that is accomplished, to leave the government and control of the island to its people.
3. Senator Alfred Beveridge (R-Indiana), in Congress, January 9, 1900.
. . . [J]ust beyond the Philippines are China's illimitable markets. . . We will not renounce our part in the mission of our race, trustee of God, of the civilization of the world. . . Where shall we turn for consumers of our surplus?. . . China is our natural customer. . . [England, Germany and Russia] have moved nearer to China by securing permanent bases on her borders. The Philippines gives us a base at the door of all the East. . .
They [the Filipinos] are a barbarous race, modified by three centuries of contact with a decadent race [the Spanish]. . . It is barely possible that 1,000 men in all the archipelago are capable of self-government in the Anglo-Saxon sense. . .
The Declaration [of Independence] applies only to people capable of self-government. How dare any man prostitute this expression of the very elect of self-government peoples to a race of Malay children of barbarism, schooled in Spanish methods and ideas? And you, who say the Declaration applies to all men, how dare you deny its application to the American Indian? And if you deny it to the Indian at home, how dare you grant it to the Malay abroad.
4. President Woodrow Wilson, War Message to Congress, 1917
The Imperial German Government [announced that] it was its purpose to put aside all restraints of law or of humanity and use its submarines to sink every vessel that sought to approach either the ports of Great Britain and Ireland or the western coasts of Europe or any of the ports controlled by the enemies of Germany within the Mediterranean.…
It is a war against all nations. American ships have been sunk, American lives taken, in ways which it has stirred us very deeply to learn of, but the ships and people of other neutral and friendly nations have been sunk and ...
This document provides a summary of key events related to human rights violations and progress from 1933 to 1953. It describes:
1) The rise of Nazi Germany and the passage of discriminatory laws excluding and persecuting Jewish people, as well as the murder of disabled individuals.
2) The Nuremberg laws of 1935 which codified racial anti-Semitism and stripped Jewish people of their German citizenship.
3) Joseph Stalin's "Great Purge" in the Soviet Union from the 1930s-1950s, in which millions of innocent Soviet citizens were arrested and killed or died in gulags based on fabricated charges.
4) The Holocaust during WWII in which approximately 6 million European Jews were ex
1933-1939 saw the rise of discriminatory laws in Germany that progressively excluded and deprived Jews of their rights and livelihoods. This culminated in the Nuremberg Laws of 1935 which defined Jews by ancestry and stripped them of German citizenship. During World War 2, the Nazi regime systematically exterminated approximately 6 million European Jews in concentration camps and killing centers.
This document discusses how the concept of human rights challenges state sovereignty in international relations. It provides examples from the 1990s onward of how international human rights law has continued developing, such as the establishment of international criminal courts and rulings that former heads of state can be prosecuted for human rights abuses. Mass migration across borders is also discussed as a challenge to sovereignty. The document explores debates around addressing issues like refugees and balancing human rights, border control, and cultural values.
The People's Right to Self-Determination - A New Challenge for the ICJDamon72
This document discusses the peoples' right to self-determination and how it presents a challenge for international organizations like the International Commission of Jurists. It notes that nationalism has reemerged in destructive ways recently. The author considers how international law has advanced in establishing frameworks to protect human and peoples' rights, but that new institutions may still be needed. There is no consensus on who constitutes a "people" for purposes of self-determination. The document explores debates on this issue and potential criteria to define peoples' right to self-determination in the modern context.
The document provides background information on several international criminal tribunals and courts:
1. The Tokyo and Nuremberg tribunals established after World War II to prosecute war criminals from Japan and Germany. They set precedents for international prosecution and defined war crimes, crimes against humanity, and crimes against peace.
2. The European Court of Human Rights ensures states comply with the European Convention on Human Rights. It decides complaints of human rights violations against states.
3. The Special Court for Sierra Leone prosecuted those bearing greatest responsibility for serious crimes during Sierra Leone's civil war. It had jurisdiction over international crimes and some domestic laws.
4. Other courts discussed include the International Criminal
International criminal law is a branch of public international law that deals with individual criminal responsibility for international crimes such as war crimes, crimes against humanity, and genocide. It developed from prohibitions on piracy and slavery, and gained new relevance after World War I and World War II due to widespread atrocities. International criminal law shares sources and principles with international humanitarian law, and enforcement has evolved from early state responsibility to individual criminal liability under international and domestic courts.
The document provides background information on several international criminal tribunals and courts:
1. The Tokyo and Nuremberg tribunals prosecuted war crimes after World War II. The Tokyo tribunal tried Japanese leaders and had broader temporal jurisdiction than Nuremberg.
2. Other courts discussed include the International Criminal Court (ICC), European Court of Human Rights, Special Court for Sierra Leone (SCSL), and Extraordinary Chambers in the Courts of Cambodia (ECCC). These have jurisdiction over crimes against humanity, war crimes, and genocide.
3. Punishments vary by court but can include imprisonment, with some like the ICC unable to impose the death penalty. Jurisdiction and procedures
This document provides an overview of public international law, including definitions, the distinction between international law and national legal systems, theories of international law, and methods of enforcement.
The key points covered are:
1) International law governs relations between states and other international actors, and is decentralized with no central authority, in contrast to national legal systems.
2) There are various theories regarding whether international law can truly be considered law due to its lack of centralized institutions and enforcement mechanisms.
3) Methods of enforcing international law include self-help measures such as retorsion and reprisals between states.
The document discusses the geopolitical landscape following the collapse of the Soviet Union. It describes how the United States emerged as the world's sole superpower and took on an interventionist foreign policy. It also discusses the formation of international organizations like NATO, the European Union, and the International Criminal Court that have shaped global politics. The challenges of securing Russia's stockpiles of weapons of mass destruction after the fall of the USSR are also summarized.
Excited to share Module 2 of my lecture series on International Criminal Law, where we dive deep into the historic Nuremberg Trials and their profound impact on shaping the foundations of international criminal law. 🌍
Join me as we uncover Nuremberg's principal contribution towards the criminalization of aggression in international law, a milestone that continues to shape the global legal landscape.
Stay tuned for a fascinating exploration of how history has shaped the course of international justice! 📚
The communist program_for_world_government-gen_albert_c_wedemeyer_us_army-195...RareBooksnRecords
General Wedemeyer warned the committee that the Soviet Union is pursuing world domination through economic and psychological means rather than direct military conflict. If he were advising Soviet leaders, he would recommend continuing this strategy of gaining influence over other nations through aid while avoiding major war. While some incidents during the Cold War could have escalated into global conflict, the Soviets have shown no desire for full-scale war according to Wedemeyer. He expressed concern that the West is now too late to counter the Soviet timetable, but maintained optimism that a coordinated strategy utilizing all of America's strengths could still succeed against international communism.
Andreas r. wesserle allied war crimes trials - journal of historical review...RareBooksnRecords
This document summarizes the major Allied war crimes trials that took place after World War II. It describes the International Military Tribunal at Nuremberg which tried high-ranking Nazi officials for crimes against peace, war crimes, and crimes against humanity from 1945-1946. It also discusses the International Military Tribunal for the Far East in Tokyo which tried Japanese officials from 1946-1948 for war crimes and crimes against peace. Additionally, it outlines other war crimes trials conducted by individual Allied powers in Europe and the Far East against lower-level German and Japanese officials.
Eichmann was charged in Israel under their Nazi Collaborators Law for his role in the Holocaust. His defense argued that his kidnapping from Argentina was illegal, he was following superior orders, and that Israel did not have jurisdiction. He was ultimately found guilty and hanged in 1962. The document then provides background on the Nuremberg trials after WWII where German officials were prosecuted for war crimes. It notes some of the logistical and symbolic reasons for holding the trials in Nuremberg.
The document provides perspectives from various individuals on why the US entered World War 1. It includes the views of Woodrow Wilson, a Latin American citizen, an American citizen, and a German citizen on the case that the US entered to make the world safe for democracy. It also covers the perspectives of a family member of a Lusitania victim, an American citizen, and a businessman on the case that the US was under attack despite its neutrality. Readers are prompted to consider these perspectives and form their own opinion on why the US joined the war.
Similar to 011220 N.A.Z.I. Trials and WAR Crimes Commission-Draft (20)
About Potato, The scientific name of the plant is Solanum tuberosum (L).Christina Parmionova
The potato is a starchy root vegetable native to the Americas that is consumed as a staple food in many parts of the world. Potatoes are tubers of the plant Solanum tuberosum, a perennial in the nightshade family Solanaceae. Wild potato species can be found from the southern United States to southern Chile
Synopsis (short abstract) In December 2023, the UN General Assembly proclaimed 30 May as the International Day of Potato.
Preliminary findings _OECD field visits to ten regions in the TSI EU mining r...OECDregions
Preliminary findings from OECD field visits for the project: Enhancing EU Mining Regional Ecosystems to Support the Green Transition and Secure Mineral Raw Materials Supply.
Working with data is a challenge for many organizations. Nonprofits in particular may need to collect and analyze sensitive, incomplete, and/or biased historical data about people. In this talk, Dr. Cori Faklaris of UNC Charlotte provides an overview of current AI capabilities and weaknesses to consider when integrating current AI technologies into the data workflow. The talk is organized around three takeaways: (1) For better or sometimes worse, AI provides you with “infinite interns.” (2) Give people permission & guardrails to learn what works with these “interns” and what doesn’t. (3) Create a roadmap for adding in more AI to assist nonprofit work, along with strategies for bias mitigation.
Donate to charity during this holiday seasonSERUDS INDIA
For people who have money and are philanthropic, there are infinite opportunities to gift a needy person or child a Merry Christmas. Even if you are living on a shoestring budget, you will be surprised at how much you can do.
Donate Us
https://serudsindia.org/how-to-donate-to-charity-during-this-holiday-season/
#charityforchildren, #donateforchildren, #donateclothesforchildren, #donatebooksforchildren, #donatetoysforchildren, #sponsorforchildren, #sponsorclothesforchildren, #sponsorbooksforchildren, #sponsortoysforchildren, #seruds, #kurnool
Food safety, prepare for the unexpected - So what can be done in order to be ready to address food safety, food Consumers, food producers and manufacturers, food transporters, food businesses, food retailers can ...
Contributi dei parlamentari del PD - Contributi L. 3/2019Partito democratico
DI SEGUITO SONO PUBBLICATI, AI SENSI DELL'ART. 11 DELLA LEGGE N. 3/2019, GLI IMPORTI RICEVUTI DALL'ENTRATA IN VIGORE DELLA SUDDETTA NORMA (31/01/2019) E FINO AL MESE SOLARE ANTECEDENTE QUELLO DELLA PUBBLICAZIONE SUL PRESENTE SITO
Contributi dei parlamentari del PD - Contributi L. 3/2019
011220 N.A.Z.I. Trials and WAR Crimes Commission-Draft
1. 17 USC § 107 Limitations on Exclusive Rights – FAIR USE
[NOTE: This document is merely a DRAFT of lawful instrument(s) being created for implementation]
Page 1 of 3
As of 01/12/20 MODEL Document: https://www.slideshare.net/VogelDenise/nuremberg-principles-war-crime-wikipedia-information
IMPORTANT TO NOTE:
JUST AS EUROPEAN NATIONS WENT ABOUT
SETTING UP COMMISSIONS AND
HOLDING TRIALS FOR WAR CRIMES,
NATIONS-OF-COLOR CAN DO THE SAME
NUREMBERG TRIALS:
Were a series of military tribunals held after World War II by the Allied forces under international law
and the laws of war. The trials were most notable for the prosecution of prominent members of the political,
military, judicial, and economic leadership of Nazi Germany, who planned, carried out, or otherwise
participated in the Holocaust and other war crimes. The trials were held in Nuremberg, Germany, and their
decisions marked a turning point between classical and contemporary international law. - - - As of 01/12/20:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuremberg_trials
N.A.Z.I. TRIALS – NAZIS and ZIONISTS INTERNATIONAL TRIALS:
Will be a series of military tribunals held after the United States of America’s DESPOTISM
Corporation Empire’s Nazis/Zionists on January 3, 2020, had Iran’s Lieutenant General Qassem Soleiman
(of the Islamic Revolution Guards Corp [IRGC]) and Iraq’s Commander Abu Mahdi al-Muhandis (of the
Popular Mobilization Units [PMU]) ASSASSINATED without just cause and will be held by the Allied Forces
(UNIFIED Forces of Nations-Of-Color [UFoNOC]) under INTERNATIONAL Laws and the LAWS OF
WAR. The N.A.Z.I. Trials will be most notable for the prosecution of prominent Members of the political,
military, judicial and economic leadership of the Nazis/Zionists from United States of America/Great Britain
and their Allies who have been KNOWINGLY engaging in War Crimes in their QUEST to fulfill the “NEW”
World Order Agenda of Adolf Hitler. Moreover, who Planned, Orchestrated and Carried Out or otherwise
participated in “OPERATION GENOCIDE” – i.e. which have specifically targeted Nations-Of-Color for
purposes of ENSLAVEMENT under the WHITE Supremacy narrative, etc. The trials will be held in a place
to be determined as we reach out to SOVEREIGN Nations as Iran’s, Iraq’s, Venezuela’s, Nicaragua’ and North
Korea’s and others Government Officials as well as to Non-Aligned Movement Member Nations in such an
HISTORICAL undertaking! The trials will be held (in a determined location), and their decisions will mark a
TURNING Point in the CHANGE in the COURSE of History and will be BASED upon TRUTH in the
application of INTERNATIONAL Laws!
2. 17 USC § 107 Limitations on Exclusive Rights – FAIR USE
[NOTE: This document is merely a DRAFT of lawful instrument(s) being created for implementation]
Page 2 of 3
As of 01/12/20 MODEL Document: https://www.slideshare.net/VogelDenise/united-nations-war-crimes-commission
UNITED NATIONS WAR CRIMES COMMISSION:
Initially called the United Nations Commission for the Investigation of War Crimes, was a
commission of the United Nations that investigated allegations of war crimes committed by Nazi Germany
and the other Axis powers in World War II.[1]
The Commission began its work at the behest of the British government[2]
and the other Allied nations
in 1943, prior to the formal establishment of the United Nations itself, in October, 1945.[3]
The announcement
of the establishment of the Commission was made by the Lord Chancellor John Simon in the House of Lords
on October 7, 1942:
The proposal is to set up with the least possible delay a United Nations Commission for the
Investigation of War Crimes. The Commission will be composed of nationals of the United Nations, selected
by their Governments. The Commission will investigate war crimes committed against nationals of the United
Nations recording the testimony available, and the Commission will report from time to time to the
Governments of those nations cases in which such crimes appear to have been committed, naming and
identifying wherever possible the persons responsible. The Commission should direct its attention in particular
to organized atrocities. Atrocities perpetrated by or on the orders of Germany in Occupied France should be
included. The investigation should cover war crimes of offenders irrespective of rank, and the aim will be to
collect material, supported wherever possible by depositions or by other documents, to establish such crimes,
especially where they are systematically perpetrated, and to name and identify those responsible for their
perpetration. - - As of 01/12/20: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations_War_Crimes_Commission
N.A.Z.I. WAR CRIMES COMMISSION (“NaziWCC”)
Is a commission of the “UNIFIED Forces of Nations-Of-Color” that is being created to investigate
allegations of War Crimes committed by the United States of America – a privately held company – a
Despotism Empire – and other Axis powers in War On Terrorism and/or applicable Global/International
Warfare across the world.
The NaziWCC was birthed from the feedback and cries heard around the World demanding Peace, etc.
and seeking solutions and resolutions for the United States of America’s DESPOTISM Corporation Empire’s
Nazis/Zionists active and ongoing engagement in War Crimes and other Atrocities, etc. around the World in
their QUEST to promote Adolf Hitler’s “NEW” World Order Agenda to make the WHITE Race “SUPREME”
over “ALL” other Races/Nations…
The announcement of the formation of the N.A.Z.I. War Crimes Commission began about
August/September 2019, and was made through the Utica International Embassy and its Interim Prime
Minister Vogel Denise Newsome via Twitter and the use of other Social Forums during the time when the
United States of America’s DESPOTISM Empire’s Nazis/Zionists sought to UNLAWFULY invade the
Sovereign Nation of the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela - - As of 01/12/20:
https://www.slideshare.net/VogelDenise/090319-excerpt-from-international-criminal-courts-092003-paper-
on-some-policy-issues-before-the-office-of-the-prosecutor
3. 17 USC § 107 Limitations on Exclusive Rights – FAIR USE
[NOTE: This document is merely a DRAFT of lawful instrument(s) being created for implementation]
Page 3 of 3
The NaziWCC is being sought to be set up to provide lawful solutions and options
for the deficiency, conflict-of-interest, failure-to-act, etc. from the United Nations
as well as the International Criminal Court due, to what appears to be, their role
and/or interests in the Nazis/Zionists “NEW” World Order Agenda which has
adversely impacted Nations-Of-Color. Lawful recourse set up with the least
possible delay in the United Nations’ Commission and the International Criminal
Court’s failure to investigate, failure to act, failure to prosecute, etc. for the blatant
War Crimes of the United States of America – a privately held company – that is
NOT even a Government!
The NaziWCC will be composed of nationals from Nations-Of-Color,
selected by their Governments. The NaziWCC will investigate War Crimes
committed against nationals of the United Nations and this newly formed entity
recording the testimony available, and the NaziWCC will report from time to time
to the Governments of those Nations cases in which such crimes appear to have
been committed, naming and identifying wherever possible the persons
responsible. The Commission should direct its attention in particular to
“ORGANIZED” Atrocities/Crimes, Racketeering, etc. Atrocities perpetrated by or
on the orders of the United States of America’s DESPOTISM Corporation Empire
in “OCCUPIED” Territories where they presently reside and/or are refusing to
leave, etc. The Investigation(s) should cover War Crimes of offenders irrespective
of rank, those knowing of the War Crimes, etc. and FAILING TO ACT, and the
aim will be to collect material, supported wherever possible by depositions or by
other documents, to establish such crimes, especially where they are systematically
perpetrated, and to name and identify those responsible for their perpetration, etc.