- The study assessed awareness and use of mobile phone-based money transfer (MPMT) services among smallholder farmers in 3 Kenyan districts.
- It found that MPMT users had significantly higher education levels, were more likely to be male and literate, and belonged to more groups than non-users. Users also lived closer to banks on average.
- The results provide insight into how MPMT services could help reduce transaction costs and improve access to financial services for smallholder farmers in remote areas of Kenya.
The document provides an overview and acknowledgement of the author's 28-day training with Bharat Sanchar Nigam Limited (BSNL). It introduces some key concepts in telecommunications including basic communication systems, cellular networks, GSM, GPRS, CDMA, and optical fiber. The author thanks BSNL for providing the opportunity and their trainer for support during the training period.
The document summarizes findings from a global survey of researchers on their attitudes towards openly communicating agricultural research outputs. The survey found that while traditional scholarly publishing is still preferred, digital formats are growing in popularity. Researchers said the biggest factors encouraging open communication are institutional demands and opportunities for career enhancement. However, lack of resources, weak user links, and restrictive policies pose major barriers. The document concludes that both individual behaviors and institutional frameworks need to change to promote more open sharing of agricultural research outputs.
The document summarizes the National Agricultural Information Services' (NAIS) use of an SMS platform to connect farmers in Zambia to agricultural experts and information. NAIS developed an internet-based platform that allows farmers to send SMS questions and receive answers to address issues like lack of extension officers and poor information flow. The platform was piloted successfully with farmers in Kasama district. NAIS now aims to scale up the platform nationwide and make it available across all mobile networks to improve farmers' access to timely information and productivity. The Zambian government supports expanding ICT initiatives in agriculture.
The document discusses a USAID-funded project assessing the requirements for electronically linking farmers with markets in Ethiopia, Rwanda, and Bangladesh. The project aims to determine what marketing and distribution issues could be addressed by developing an SMS mobile platform. Researchers conducted meetings and concept mapping workshops with farmers, businesses, and extension specialists to identify issues and desired technology features. Concept mapping is described as a structured process that helps groups brainstorm, organize, and prioritize ideas to develop an interpretable view of interconnected concepts.
This document summarizes a study on linking farmers' access to rural radio, gender, and livelihoods among rice processors in Benin. [1] The majority of rural radio stations broadcast agriculture programs but lack sufficient knowledge on agriculture topics. [2] Men have greater access to radios than women, listening daily, while schedules prevent many from listening to agriculture programs. [3] Rice processors who listen to radio agriculture programs have better financial, social, and human capital than those who do not, showing the potential for rural radio to improve livelihoods. Future efforts should seek ways to increase relevant agricultural knowledge among radio stations and address accessibility issues.
FARA is an organization that aims to facilitate knowledge sharing in African agriculture through its RAILS program. RAILS has [1] brought together stakeholders through working groups and learning teams, [2] promoted ICT use through training and infrastructure support, and [3] developed knowledge sharing platforms including an online portal and discussion groups. Challenges include low funding and awareness of knowledge management, but RAILS has strengthened capacities and aims to scale out its platforms to link researchers and farmers.
The document discusses Ghana's agricultural library network and its use of radio programs to disseminate information to farmers. Several radio stations partnered with the network to produce weekly one-hour agricultural programs in local languages. Farmers could call or text to ask questions, which helped address their needs. The programs improved farmers' practices, livelihoods, and food security by providing timely information. However, some challenges remained regarding language, communication skills, and infrastructure. The network aims to further collaborate with other organizations to reach more farmers.
This study examined small-scale farmers' adoption and use of ICT in Gezira State, Sudan. It found that while radio and TV were commonly used, adoption of newer ICT like the internet was low at 3.3% due to factors like cost, availability, lack of localized content, and cultural inertia. The study identified challenges like low education levels, lack of skilled staff, and poor infrastructure like electricity. It recommends interventions like awareness campaigns, improving ICT skills, providing relevant content, lowering costs, and improving rural infrastructure to enhance ICT adoption among farmers.
The document provides an overview and acknowledgement of the author's 28-day training with Bharat Sanchar Nigam Limited (BSNL). It introduces some key concepts in telecommunications including basic communication systems, cellular networks, GSM, GPRS, CDMA, and optical fiber. The author thanks BSNL for providing the opportunity and their trainer for support during the training period.
The document summarizes findings from a global survey of researchers on their attitudes towards openly communicating agricultural research outputs. The survey found that while traditional scholarly publishing is still preferred, digital formats are growing in popularity. Researchers said the biggest factors encouraging open communication are institutional demands and opportunities for career enhancement. However, lack of resources, weak user links, and restrictive policies pose major barriers. The document concludes that both individual behaviors and institutional frameworks need to change to promote more open sharing of agricultural research outputs.
The document summarizes the National Agricultural Information Services' (NAIS) use of an SMS platform to connect farmers in Zambia to agricultural experts and information. NAIS developed an internet-based platform that allows farmers to send SMS questions and receive answers to address issues like lack of extension officers and poor information flow. The platform was piloted successfully with farmers in Kasama district. NAIS now aims to scale up the platform nationwide and make it available across all mobile networks to improve farmers' access to timely information and productivity. The Zambian government supports expanding ICT initiatives in agriculture.
The document discusses a USAID-funded project assessing the requirements for electronically linking farmers with markets in Ethiopia, Rwanda, and Bangladesh. The project aims to determine what marketing and distribution issues could be addressed by developing an SMS mobile platform. Researchers conducted meetings and concept mapping workshops with farmers, businesses, and extension specialists to identify issues and desired technology features. Concept mapping is described as a structured process that helps groups brainstorm, organize, and prioritize ideas to develop an interpretable view of interconnected concepts.
This document summarizes a study on linking farmers' access to rural radio, gender, and livelihoods among rice processors in Benin. [1] The majority of rural radio stations broadcast agriculture programs but lack sufficient knowledge on agriculture topics. [2] Men have greater access to radios than women, listening daily, while schedules prevent many from listening to agriculture programs. [3] Rice processors who listen to radio agriculture programs have better financial, social, and human capital than those who do not, showing the potential for rural radio to improve livelihoods. Future efforts should seek ways to increase relevant agricultural knowledge among radio stations and address accessibility issues.
FARA is an organization that aims to facilitate knowledge sharing in African agriculture through its RAILS program. RAILS has [1] brought together stakeholders through working groups and learning teams, [2] promoted ICT use through training and infrastructure support, and [3] developed knowledge sharing platforms including an online portal and discussion groups. Challenges include low funding and awareness of knowledge management, but RAILS has strengthened capacities and aims to scale out its platforms to link researchers and farmers.
The document discusses Ghana's agricultural library network and its use of radio programs to disseminate information to farmers. Several radio stations partnered with the network to produce weekly one-hour agricultural programs in local languages. Farmers could call or text to ask questions, which helped address their needs. The programs improved farmers' practices, livelihoods, and food security by providing timely information. However, some challenges remained regarding language, communication skills, and infrastructure. The network aims to further collaborate with other organizations to reach more farmers.
This study examined small-scale farmers' adoption and use of ICT in Gezira State, Sudan. It found that while radio and TV were commonly used, adoption of newer ICT like the internet was low at 3.3% due to factors like cost, availability, lack of localized content, and cultural inertia. The study identified challenges like low education levels, lack of skilled staff, and poor infrastructure like electricity. It recommends interventions like awareness campaigns, improving ICT skills, providing relevant content, lowering costs, and improving rural infrastructure to enhance ICT adoption among farmers.
This document discusses a study examining the determinants and intensity of use of mobile phone-based money transfer services among smallholder farmers in Kenya. The study finds that education level, distance to commercial banks, membership in farmer organizations, and access to physical and financial assets influence whether farmers use these money transfer services. The intensity of use, or number of transactions, is also conditioned by various socioeconomic factors. The study uses logistic and count regression models to analyze the factors affecting use and frequency of use of these important new financial services for smallholder agriculture.
This document discusses opportunities and challenges around ICT use in rural India. It outlines several successful case studies of ICT projects in rural areas, including eChoupal which provides farmers information and a marketing channel, reaching over 2 million farmers. However, most pilot projects have not scaled up due to narrow objectives, low user numbers, and lack of viability. Barriers to replication include poor infrastructure, lack of local capacity and funding. The document argues innovation is key, through creative uses of technology, adapted business models, and partnerships between public, private and nonprofit sectors.
Enhancing outreach of micro finance role of technologykrishna murthy
This document discusses enhancing outreach of microfinance through the role of technology. It argues that technology can help microfinance institutions (MFIs) improve efficiency and sustainability by better processing and analyzing the large amounts of data generated through economic activities. While MFIs have started using technology like mobile phones and the internet, there are still challenges to implementing technology fully, such as illiteracy, lack of infrastructure, and high costs. The document suggests that localized training programs, improved infrastructure, and customizable low-cost software can help MFIs overcome these challenges and allow technology to increase their reach and impact.
This document summarizes a presentation on leveling the playing field for mobile money and digital payments in Tanzania. The presentation discusses the goal of financial inclusion, identifies barriers like costs and lack of consumer awareness, and recommends multi-stakeholder engagement and accelerating interoperability to increase inclusion. Currently, 14% of Tanzanians use formal bank products while 26% remain financially excluded, compared to other countries in the region. The presentation calls for public-private partnerships to remove barriers and harness technology to connect more people financially.
ICT projects in Kenya provide farmers access to important agricultural information and services. Some key projects include:
1. NAFIS, a voice service that provides farmers agricultural extension information by phone in English or Swahili.
2. M-Farm, an app and SMS service that provides current market prices of crops to help farmers get better prices.
3. iCow, an SMS app that gives dairy farmers information on cow health, breeding, and record keeping.
4. Several other services provide soil analysis information, recommended seed varieties by SMS, livestock price data, and help farmers connect with markets.
Presentation from ICT4Agriculture: innovation and the 'last mile' - an event held by the Humanitarian Centre and ARM as part of the Global Food Futures Year and the "ICT4 . . ." series.
Webinar > Managing Liquidity and Cash-Out for Social Payments during COVID-19Better Than Cash Alliance
Around the world, governments are responding to the social and economic consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic through relief payments. The Better Than Cash Alliance and CGAP co-hosted a webinar on delivering these vital government-to-person (G2P) payments in a way that expands choice while managing liquidity and cash-out in innovative ways.
M banking workshop-presentation_jan28-2014_engVincent Wokmou
This document discusses mobile financial services and mobile banking. It provides an overview of electronic banking and mobile banking, explaining concepts like e-money, e-banking, m-money, and m-banking. It outlines the key players in mobile banking like banks, mobile network operators, agents/retail networks, payment service providers, and regulators. It also examines the mobile banking ecosystem and various product offerings like P2P transfers, bill payments, cash-in/cash-out, retail payments, and more. The document discusses factors for successful mobile banking like infrastructure, regulations, interoperability, partnerships, and value propositions. It also looks at business models, implementation costs and revenues, market evolution, and the
Empowering Financial Inclusion _How Micro ATM Are Reaching Rural India .pdfFintechInnovations
Financial inclusion, the accessibility, and availability of financial services to all individuals and businesses, plays a pivotal role in driving economic growth and reducing poverty. While urban areas have seen significant progress in digital financial services, rural communities often remain excluded due to limited access to banking infrastructure. However, technology is bridging this gap, and a key player in this transformation is the use of Micro ATM terminals. These devices are transforming the way financial transactions occur in rural India, enabling digital transactions and empowering financial inclusion.
Influence of Mobile Money on Transactions in Africa; Focus East AfricaKelvin Kizito Kiyingi
The rapid growth of mobile money in East Africa is a phenomenon which has few precedents in the region’s financial and banking history and has far reaching implications on transactions. Four main areas of focus: The history and growth of Mobile Money; The financial sector; Business; and Influence on transactions
Digital Financial Services for Cocoa Farmers in Côte d'IvoireCGAP
The document summarizes a project by Advans Côte d'Ivoire to develop a digital financial services solution for cocoa farmers in Côte d'Ivoire. It conducted a feasibility study which found farmers and cooperatives were interested in branchless banking. It then developed a USSD-based solution allowing farmers to save a portion of their cocoa payments digitally and withdraw cash. Over 7,000 farmers enrolled, with 2,770 making deposits. Key challenges included lack of USSD aggregators, registration difficulties, and literacy issues. Lessons included the need for training, USSD was essential, adaptive pricing, effective partnerships, and a progressive rollout approach.
Acceptance of M-pesa Service and its effect on Performance of Small and Micr...MUTURIPETERGITHAE
A lot of research has been done on the effect of mobile money on efficiency of and outreach of
micro-finance loans in developing countries. Yet to date, there has been limited quantitative tests done to show the factors
driving the acceptance of mobile- money service, and whether the level of acceptance has any significant effect
on the performance of small and micro-businesses in Kenya
In 2012, USAID announced its commitment to actively encourage the evaluation and use of electronic payments (e-payments) in development programs, including its own, as a member of The Better than Cash Alliance. USAID also has made the use of e-payments a priority in the Agency’s Implementation and Procurement Reform.
In fulfillment of these commitments, USAID actively is encouraging its development partners, contractors, subcontractors, grantees, sub-grantees and private sector alliance partners to consider incorporating e-payment systems into program design and implementation where feasible. Many USAID Missions have begun to request that procurement proposals include a suitability analysis on the use of e-payments for the funded program.
A citizen engagement MOOC 002 project proposing to make village government accountable by establishing and operating a mobile telephony based platform.
The document summarizes IFC's Access to Finance programs in Africa, which have three pillars: increasing access to financial services for individuals and small businesses, strengthening banks and financial institutions to serve SMEs and specific sectors, and strengthening financial systems through institutions, technologies, and standards. It provides details on IFC's focus on financial infrastructure like credit bureaus and collateral registries to address market failures in access to finance in Africa. The document outlines IFC's approach, including building stakeholder capacity, impact monitoring, and knowledge sharing. It highlights the positive impacts of IFC's financial infrastructure programs in countries/regions like West Africa, Ghana, Afghanistan, and others.
The document discusses the impact of telecommunication services, especially mobile phones, on rural and low-income populations in India. It provides examples of how telecom has helped provide access to information, generate income opportunities, and improve education and healthcare for those at the bottom of the economic pyramid. Specifically, telecom has enabled real-time access to market prices, weather information, job opportunities. It has reduced transaction costs and reliance on middlemen. Examples from projects in India and other countries illustrate how telecom is empowering rural communities and bridging the digital divide.
The document discusses electronic payments and mobile money models. It notes that the Payment Innovations Team at the Gates Foundation is seeking to increase adoption of electronic payments as an alternative to cash. Two major USAID/GBI initiatives in 2012 will benefit NetHope members: the Better Than Cash Alliance public-private partnership, and agency-wide support for increased use of electronic payments by program partners. The document outlines the benefits of non-cash payments like cost savings, transparency, security, financial access, and innovation. It describes mobile money models and provides examples from programs in countries like Kenya, Haiti, Afghanistan, and Ghana. It discusses the opportunity for NetHope to do more work in mobile money and electronic payments through information sharing
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive function. Exercise causes chemical changes in the brain that may help protect against developing mental illness and improve symptoms for those who already suffer from conditions like anxiety and depression.
The document announces the SME Best Business Plan Competition 2013 organized by the Small and Medium Enterprises Development Authority. Participants must submit an entry form by June 14th and a business plan by August 15th. Business plans will be assessed based on innovation, research, management, viability, and social impact. The winner of the competition will receive Rs. 100,000, while the first and second runners up will receive Rs. 60,000 and Rs. 40,000 respectively. The objectives are to promote entrepreneurship and reward innovative business plans.
This document discusses a study examining the determinants and intensity of use of mobile phone-based money transfer services among smallholder farmers in Kenya. The study finds that education level, distance to commercial banks, membership in farmer organizations, and access to physical and financial assets influence whether farmers use these money transfer services. The intensity of use, or number of transactions, is also conditioned by various socioeconomic factors. The study uses logistic and count regression models to analyze the factors affecting use and frequency of use of these important new financial services for smallholder agriculture.
This document discusses opportunities and challenges around ICT use in rural India. It outlines several successful case studies of ICT projects in rural areas, including eChoupal which provides farmers information and a marketing channel, reaching over 2 million farmers. However, most pilot projects have not scaled up due to narrow objectives, low user numbers, and lack of viability. Barriers to replication include poor infrastructure, lack of local capacity and funding. The document argues innovation is key, through creative uses of technology, adapted business models, and partnerships between public, private and nonprofit sectors.
Enhancing outreach of micro finance role of technologykrishna murthy
This document discusses enhancing outreach of microfinance through the role of technology. It argues that technology can help microfinance institutions (MFIs) improve efficiency and sustainability by better processing and analyzing the large amounts of data generated through economic activities. While MFIs have started using technology like mobile phones and the internet, there are still challenges to implementing technology fully, such as illiteracy, lack of infrastructure, and high costs. The document suggests that localized training programs, improved infrastructure, and customizable low-cost software can help MFIs overcome these challenges and allow technology to increase their reach and impact.
This document summarizes a presentation on leveling the playing field for mobile money and digital payments in Tanzania. The presentation discusses the goal of financial inclusion, identifies barriers like costs and lack of consumer awareness, and recommends multi-stakeholder engagement and accelerating interoperability to increase inclusion. Currently, 14% of Tanzanians use formal bank products while 26% remain financially excluded, compared to other countries in the region. The presentation calls for public-private partnerships to remove barriers and harness technology to connect more people financially.
ICT projects in Kenya provide farmers access to important agricultural information and services. Some key projects include:
1. NAFIS, a voice service that provides farmers agricultural extension information by phone in English or Swahili.
2. M-Farm, an app and SMS service that provides current market prices of crops to help farmers get better prices.
3. iCow, an SMS app that gives dairy farmers information on cow health, breeding, and record keeping.
4. Several other services provide soil analysis information, recommended seed varieties by SMS, livestock price data, and help farmers connect with markets.
Presentation from ICT4Agriculture: innovation and the 'last mile' - an event held by the Humanitarian Centre and ARM as part of the Global Food Futures Year and the "ICT4 . . ." series.
Webinar > Managing Liquidity and Cash-Out for Social Payments during COVID-19Better Than Cash Alliance
Around the world, governments are responding to the social and economic consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic through relief payments. The Better Than Cash Alliance and CGAP co-hosted a webinar on delivering these vital government-to-person (G2P) payments in a way that expands choice while managing liquidity and cash-out in innovative ways.
M banking workshop-presentation_jan28-2014_engVincent Wokmou
This document discusses mobile financial services and mobile banking. It provides an overview of electronic banking and mobile banking, explaining concepts like e-money, e-banking, m-money, and m-banking. It outlines the key players in mobile banking like banks, mobile network operators, agents/retail networks, payment service providers, and regulators. It also examines the mobile banking ecosystem and various product offerings like P2P transfers, bill payments, cash-in/cash-out, retail payments, and more. The document discusses factors for successful mobile banking like infrastructure, regulations, interoperability, partnerships, and value propositions. It also looks at business models, implementation costs and revenues, market evolution, and the
Empowering Financial Inclusion _How Micro ATM Are Reaching Rural India .pdfFintechInnovations
Financial inclusion, the accessibility, and availability of financial services to all individuals and businesses, plays a pivotal role in driving economic growth and reducing poverty. While urban areas have seen significant progress in digital financial services, rural communities often remain excluded due to limited access to banking infrastructure. However, technology is bridging this gap, and a key player in this transformation is the use of Micro ATM terminals. These devices are transforming the way financial transactions occur in rural India, enabling digital transactions and empowering financial inclusion.
Influence of Mobile Money on Transactions in Africa; Focus East AfricaKelvin Kizito Kiyingi
The rapid growth of mobile money in East Africa is a phenomenon which has few precedents in the region’s financial and banking history and has far reaching implications on transactions. Four main areas of focus: The history and growth of Mobile Money; The financial sector; Business; and Influence on transactions
Digital Financial Services for Cocoa Farmers in Côte d'IvoireCGAP
The document summarizes a project by Advans Côte d'Ivoire to develop a digital financial services solution for cocoa farmers in Côte d'Ivoire. It conducted a feasibility study which found farmers and cooperatives were interested in branchless banking. It then developed a USSD-based solution allowing farmers to save a portion of their cocoa payments digitally and withdraw cash. Over 7,000 farmers enrolled, with 2,770 making deposits. Key challenges included lack of USSD aggregators, registration difficulties, and literacy issues. Lessons included the need for training, USSD was essential, adaptive pricing, effective partnerships, and a progressive rollout approach.
Acceptance of M-pesa Service and its effect on Performance of Small and Micr...MUTURIPETERGITHAE
A lot of research has been done on the effect of mobile money on efficiency of and outreach of
micro-finance loans in developing countries. Yet to date, there has been limited quantitative tests done to show the factors
driving the acceptance of mobile- money service, and whether the level of acceptance has any significant effect
on the performance of small and micro-businesses in Kenya
In 2012, USAID announced its commitment to actively encourage the evaluation and use of electronic payments (e-payments) in development programs, including its own, as a member of The Better than Cash Alliance. USAID also has made the use of e-payments a priority in the Agency’s Implementation and Procurement Reform.
In fulfillment of these commitments, USAID actively is encouraging its development partners, contractors, subcontractors, grantees, sub-grantees and private sector alliance partners to consider incorporating e-payment systems into program design and implementation where feasible. Many USAID Missions have begun to request that procurement proposals include a suitability analysis on the use of e-payments for the funded program.
A citizen engagement MOOC 002 project proposing to make village government accountable by establishing and operating a mobile telephony based platform.
The document summarizes IFC's Access to Finance programs in Africa, which have three pillars: increasing access to financial services for individuals and small businesses, strengthening banks and financial institutions to serve SMEs and specific sectors, and strengthening financial systems through institutions, technologies, and standards. It provides details on IFC's focus on financial infrastructure like credit bureaus and collateral registries to address market failures in access to finance in Africa. The document outlines IFC's approach, including building stakeholder capacity, impact monitoring, and knowledge sharing. It highlights the positive impacts of IFC's financial infrastructure programs in countries/regions like West Africa, Ghana, Afghanistan, and others.
The document discusses the impact of telecommunication services, especially mobile phones, on rural and low-income populations in India. It provides examples of how telecom has helped provide access to information, generate income opportunities, and improve education and healthcare for those at the bottom of the economic pyramid. Specifically, telecom has enabled real-time access to market prices, weather information, job opportunities. It has reduced transaction costs and reliance on middlemen. Examples from projects in India and other countries illustrate how telecom is empowering rural communities and bridging the digital divide.
The document discusses electronic payments and mobile money models. It notes that the Payment Innovations Team at the Gates Foundation is seeking to increase adoption of electronic payments as an alternative to cash. Two major USAID/GBI initiatives in 2012 will benefit NetHope members: the Better Than Cash Alliance public-private partnership, and agency-wide support for increased use of electronic payments by program partners. The document outlines the benefits of non-cash payments like cost savings, transparency, security, financial access, and innovation. It describes mobile money models and provides examples from programs in countries like Kenya, Haiti, Afghanistan, and Ghana. It discusses the opportunity for NetHope to do more work in mobile money and electronic payments through information sharing
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive function. Exercise causes chemical changes in the brain that may help protect against developing mental illness and improve symptoms for those who already suffer from conditions like anxiety and depression.
The document announces the SME Best Business Plan Competition 2013 organized by the Small and Medium Enterprises Development Authority. Participants must submit an entry form by June 14th and a business plan by August 15th. Business plans will be assessed based on innovation, research, management, viability, and social impact. The winner of the competition will receive Rs. 100,000, while the first and second runners up will receive Rs. 60,000 and Rs. 40,000 respectively. The objectives are to promote entrepreneurship and reward innovative business plans.
Tweets FARA Regional Youth Workshop on CAADP implementation - Day 2Nawsheen Hosenally
This document summarizes tweets from Day 2 of the FARA Regional Youth Workshop on CAADP. It includes tweets discussing the event, trends from the event (#farayouth, #youth, etc.), and presentations/discussions around engaging youth in agriculture and the CAADP process. Key points included recognizing the potential role of youth, challenges like negative perceptions of agriculture and lack of support, and a draft communiqué calling for full youth empowerment in CAADP implementation.
Tweets FARA Regional Youth Workshop on CAADP implementation - Day 1Nawsheen Hosenally
This document provides a summary of tweets from Day 1 of the FARA Regional Youth Workshop on CAADP in Accra. Key discussion points included:
- Whether youth issues should be cross-cutting or focused on a particular theme
- Recommendations that youth participate in national CAADP task teams
- The need to build youth capacities and skills for agricultural leadership
- Gaps in national youth policies regarding agriculture in various countries
This document describes YPARD, a global platform for young agricultural professionals under age 40. Its goals are to 1) facilitate knowledge exchange among members from different disciplines, professions, ages and regions, 2) broaden opportunities for members to contribute to agricultural policy debates, and 3) promote agriculture among youth. YPARD has over 5,000 members from 146 countries and coordination offices in several African and Asian countries. Benefits of membership include access to funding/job opportunities, networking, and participation in capacity building activities. YPARD works to achieve its goals through online platforms, enabling members' participation in events, and conducting research on declining youth interest in agriculture.
This document summarizes a regional workshop on engaging youth in the implementation of CAADP (Comprehensive Africa Agriculture Development Programme). The workshop objectives were to define the best role for youth and propose a strategy for enabling their participation. Participants discussed questions around youth involvement and desired outcomes. Presentations covered developing effective strategies and establishing the youth's fit within the agricultural value chain. Groups then analyzed country policies, gaps in attracting youth, and recommendations to incorporate youth engagement in CAADP and FARA plans and objectives. The workshop aimed to define a strategy for preparing and equipping African youth to contribute to agricultural development goals.
1. The document proposes an organic poultry farming method that was successfully tested on chickens, with no mortalities.
2. The method involves giving the chickens adequate space to roam and forage on a diet of organic feed, herbs, green foliage, and insects.
3. Based on the successful test, the document outlines plans to develop a large-scale organic and eco-friendly farm in Namibia that will produce eggs, citrus, olives, and poultry through organic and sustainable practices.
This document outlines the Forum for Agricultural Research in Africa's (FARA) new strategic plan and medium-term operational plan (MTOP) for 2014-2018. The plan was developed in response to changes in FARA's operating environment and the ending of its previous MTOP in 2013. The new strategy prioritizes visioning Africa's agricultural transformation, developing capacities for change, and creating an enabling policy environment. It defines FARA's core functions and outlines key results around stakeholder engagement, capacity strengthening, and policy support to achieve its goals of reducing food insecurity and poverty through agricultural growth in Africa.
The document discusses the Comprehensive Africa Agriculture Development Programme (CAADP) framework and country implementation process. It provides an overview of CAADP's vision and goals to improve agricultural productivity, integrate farmers into markets, and improve livelihoods through evidence-based country strategies and investments. It outlines the key steps in the country implementation process, including stakeholder engagement, analysis, development of investment programs, and monitoring. It describes FARA's role in providing technical support through human and institutional capacity building, advocacy, and partnerships to ensure countries benefit from agricultural research and innovation under CAADP.
Summary of findings - e-agriculture strategies in the ACPNawsheen Hosenally
This document summarizes the findings of a study on e-Agriculture policies and strategies in selected ACP and non-ACP countries. The study found that while a few countries like Ghana, Ivory Coast, Rwanda, Mali, Burkina Faso, and Bolivia have initiated e-Agriculture strategies or policies, most ACP countries have not developed or do not understand the need for such strategies. It identifies challenges around stakeholder engagement, infrastructure, and capacity. The document recommends that CTA and partners create task forces, develop policy toolkits, provide awareness and capacity building support, and ensure local leadership and relevance to farmers to help more ACP countries develop effective national e-Agriculture policies
The document summarizes an upcoming meeting organized by CTA to discuss strengthening e-Agriculture strategies in ACP countries. The meeting will bring together participants from government, farmers organizations, private sector, and international organizations to review the need for ICT strategies in agriculture and identify actions to strengthen their formulation and implementation. It will also discuss innovative tools and projects supporting the implementation of these strategies. A preparatory online discussion will identify issues regarding developing inclusive and efficient ICT strategies for agriculture and review existing processes in ACP countries.
Final background report - e-agriculture strategies in ACPNawsheen Hosenally
The document provides a background report on e-Agriculture policies and strategies in selected ACP and non-ACP countries. Some key findings include:
1) Most ACP countries have not developed e-Agriculture strategies, though some initiatives exist in Ghana, Rwanda, Ivory Coast, Mali, and Burkina Faso.
2) Ghana and Rwanda have developed or are developing e-Agriculture strategies, while Ivory Coast recently approved an e-Agriculture policy.
3) Challenges faced include lack of stakeholder involvement, understanding of ICT's role in agriculture, interest in e-Agriculture policies, and collaboration between agriculture and ICT
This document outlines the agenda for a two-day workshop on strengthening e-agriculture strategies in African, Caribbean, and Pacific countries. The workshop included presentations on current ICT policies and initiatives in agriculture, case studies from various countries, and discussions on tools, infrastructure needs, and multi-stakeholder collaboration. Participants also engaged in breakout sessions to discuss how to strengthen the formulation, implementation and evaluation of e-agriculture strategies to ensure inclusion of smallholder farmers, women and youth. The workshop concluded with discussions on challenges, next steps, and identifying potential collaborative actions going forward.
M-Farm provides price information, group selling, and group buying services to farmers in Kenya. However, providing price information faces several challenges, including being underfunded, expensive to deliver, competing with the government, issues with non-standard units, perishability of market data, and difficulty measuring impact. M-Farm also facilitates collective marketing and collective buying to help farmers sell and purchase goods as a group.
This document summarizes CARDI's activities and strategic plans. CARDI is an agricultural research institution established in 1975 serving 12 Caribbean member states. It uses three strategic axes: sustainable science and technology innovation, strategic partnerships, and institutional capacity building. The document discusses how ICTs can enhance agricultural research and knowledge sharing. It outlines CARDI's ICT challenges and early initiatives. Current projects use ICTs like Google Docs and Dgroups to engage stakeholders. CARDI's plans include strengthening ICT infrastructure, policies, and monitoring impact. A project will study ICT uses in roots/tubers and small ruminants value chains to identify models that can be shared across regions.
The document discusses agricultural extension in Jamaica. It notes that Jamaica's agriculture is diverse, with 80% of farmers occupying less than 2 hectares of land. The agriculture sector contributes 5.9% to GDP. There are 120 extension officers. RADA is trying to increase use of ICT like mobile phones and tablets to provide farmers real-time information on topics like weather and best practices. However, there are challenges like the age of farmers and high internet costs. The presentation recommends targeting women and youth to adopt technology and increasing private sector support and ICT infrastructure to drive e-agriculture.
ICT access needs and challenges for agricultural stakeholdersICT access needs and challenges for agricultural stakeholders by Stella Kamuyu Wanjau - EAFF
5 Compelling Reasons to Invest in Cryptocurrency NowDaniel
In recent years, cryptocurrencies have emerged as more than just a niche fascination; they have become a transformative force in global finance and technology. Initially propelled by the enigmatic Bitcoin, cryptocurrencies have evolved into a diverse ecosystem of digital assets with the potential to reshape how we perceive and interact with money.
Navigating Your Financial Future: Comprehensive Planning with Mike Baumannmikebaumannfinancial
Learn how financial planner Mike Baumann helps individuals and families articulate their financial aspirations and develop tailored plans. This presentation delves into budgeting, investment strategies, retirement planning, tax optimization, and the importance of ongoing plan adjustments.
13 Jun 24 ILC Retirement Income Summit - slides.pptxILC- UK
ILC's Retirement Income Summit was hosted by M&G and supported by Canada Life. The event brought together key policymakers, influencers and experts to help identify policy priorities for the next Government and ensure more of us have access to a decent income in retirement.
Contributors included:
Jo Blanden, Professor in Economics, University of Surrey
Clive Bolton, CEO, Life Insurance M&G Plc
Jim Boyd, CEO, Equity Release Council
Molly Broome, Economist, Resolution Foundation
Nida Broughton, Co-Director of Economic Policy, Behavioural Insights Team
Jonathan Cribb, Associate Director and Head of Retirement, Savings, and Ageing, Institute for Fiscal Studies
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1. Adoption and Impact of Mobile
Phone- based Money Transfer Services
in Agriculture: Case of Smallholder
Farmers in Kenyan
Kirui, Oliver, Okello J. & Nyikal R.
University of Nairobi, Kenya
3rd IAALD Africa Chapter Conference
Emperors Palace Hotel, Johannesburg,
South Africa
May 21st - 23rd, 2012 1
2. Outline
Introduction
Background Information
Purpose & Objectives
Justification
Methodology
Sampling Procedure
Empirical Models
Results and Discussion
Conclusions and Implications
2
3. Introduction
One of the factors limiting agric. productivity enhancement
is lack of agric. finance
Access to financial services by smallholder farmers has the
potential to alleviate the extreme rural poverty
Dev. of rural financial systems is hampered by the high cost of
delivering services to smallholder farmers. These farmers are:
widely dispersed customers,
Reside in difficult financial terrain,
Subject to high covariant risks,
lack of suitable collateral
3
4. Introduction cont’d…
Lack of appropriate financial services is exacerbated by
Poor access to and the cost of rural financial services are major contributing
factors to the decline in agric. productivity & commercialization
Rural coverage of financial services estimated at just 10%
Financial services operated by formal financial orgs. are usually
inaccessible to farmers, particularly in the more remote areas
Under-represented banking infrastructure and poor infrastructure
High fixed commission costs charged
Consequently, there have been efforts to find alternative means of
promoting farmer access to agric. finance
4
5. Mobile Phone-based Money Transfer (MPMT)
The leading mobile phone service provider (Safaricom)
introduced MPMT service to mediate money transfer among
the largely unbanked individuals in Kenya
The service ( known as M-PESA) was officially launched in
Kenya 2007 (M=mobile Pesa=money)
Subsequently, other mobile phone service providers have
introducing competing services. These include:
Airtell-Money
YU-Cash
Orange Money
5
6. MPMT Facts and Figures
Launched in March 2007 by Safaricom
19,671 users in December 2007
15 million users by April 2012 vs 28 Million Phone users (72% penetration)
The number of authorised transaction agents
355 in December 2007 (in some specific urban centres)
37,000 by April 2012 – now countrywide
Transactions
Ksh: 10% of Kenyan GDP per month
Ksh: 1.4 Trillion in 2011 financial year
Amount that one can transact
Minimum: Reduced from Ksh.100 in 2007 to Ksh.10 in 2012
Maximum: Maximum daily value of transaction increased from Ksh.35,000 in
2007 to Ksh.140,000 in 2012
6
7. Facts and Figures cont’d…
Cost per transaction
Free: Purchase of airtime, pay utility bills (water, electricity)
Send money: range from Ksh.5 to max of Ksh.175
Withdraw from an agent: range from Ksh.5 to max of Ksh.200
MPMT is now becoming an everyday tool
Purchase of airtime (self and other- across networks in Kenya)
Payment of utility bills
Payment of goods and services e.g. in supermarkets
Flight tickets (KQ) and many more…….
‘Temporary’ savings – money can be transferred thru’ phone to
bank account and vice versa
More recently: Micro-loans to SMEs and agro-enterprises by
Airtel-Money
7
8. Facts and Figures cont’d…
Mpesa agents now available in all the EAC states
Kenya, Uganda, Tanzania and Rwanda
Also in the UK and the USA
Partnerships
25 banks in the M-PESA network with a coverage of 700+ ATMs
Further, through Western Union, money can now be received from over 70
countries worldwide via MPesa
Recognition: Both Regional and global
Group System for Mobile Communication Association (GSMA): Best
Mobile Transfer Service
Africom: Innovative Technology and Life Changing Solutions
Kenyan success now emulated globally: (Indonesia, Philippines, Afghanistan,
Tanzania)
8
10. Can MPMT Offer Answers?
Theoretically, MPMT can resolve the constraints by reducing the
transaction costs farmers face in using banking services
Easy, instant and cost effective way to transfer money
The large network of MPMT agents in the rural areas - reduce the
time and cash expense in accessing the funds
Include the hitherto excluded farmers into the banking services by
reducing the costs of accessing funds and/or depositing savings
It attracts no ledger fees and minimum balances, very modest
withdrawal fee that is affordable to farmers
10
11. Purpose and Objectives
The purpose of the study was to assess the level of awareness,
determinants of use and intensity of use and impact of MPMT services
on smallholder agriculture in Kenya
The specific objectives of this study were :
To assess the level of awareness of MPMT services among
smallholder farmers in Kenya
To examine the use of MPMT services in smallholder agriculture
To assess the impact of MPMT services on smallholder farmers
- Use of agricultural inputs,
- Household income and
- Household agric. commercialization
11
12. Justification
Provides some baseline info on the effect of m-banking among
the farming communities in Kenya
Contributes to the pioneering literature especially in agriculture
Emphasizes the importance of new generation ICT tools in
revolutionizing agric. communities
Harnessing the benefits of ICT to improved rural financial system
that is key to addressing the low equilibrium poverty trap (MDG 1)
Findings help in guiding future efforts to out-scale the
electronic money transfer services especially amongst rural
communities
12
13. Study Area and Sampling procedure
Study carried out in 3 districts (3 provinces) of Kenya:
Kirinyaga, Bungoma and Migori:
Kirinyaga: considered a high potential area - export oriented crops
(French beans, baby-corn and Asian vegetables)
Bungoma: considered medium potential - maize and sugarcane
Migori: considered low potential area - maize and tobacco
Diverse agro-ecological zones, socio-economic environment,
cultural diversity and varying production systems and differing levels
of agric. commercialization
All the three districts were characterized by:
Poor access to markets
Reliance on agriculture
13
14. Sampling Procedure cont’d…
3-stage sampling technique used:
1st - identified and purposely selected the three districts were
2nd – randomly selected one location > three sub-locations randomly
selected. In the selected sub-locations, lists of all households obtained
from the local admin (chiefs)
3rd – sampling of respondents from the three lists using probability
proportionate to size sampling method
Data then collection: personal interviews using pre-tested
questionnaire
Entered and analysed in SPSS and STATA packages
14
16. Characteristics of Respondents
Characteristic Users Non-Users Difference t -values
3.71 3.73 -0.02 -0.62
Natural log of age in years
7.43 7.47 -0.04 -0.66
Natural log of age squared
9.78 6.99 2.78*** 7.95
Education (years)
Years of experience in 16.49 20.25 -3.76*** -2.82
farming
5.64 5.85 0.21 0.93
Household size
0.57 0.44 0.13*** 2.58
Gender
0.85 0.33 2.71*** 2.58
Literacy
0.92 0.89 0.24 1.28
Occupation
0.69 0.34 0.14*** 2.84
Group membership
1.00 0.92 0.08 1.28
Awareness of MPMT services
16
17. Characteristics of Respondents cont’d…
Characteristic Users Non-Users Difference t -values
Distance to bank (km) 8.61 11.75 -3.13*** -4.17
Distance to the nearest market (km) 6.54 5.60 0.93 1.11
Distance to agric extension agent (km) 6.66 8.59 -1.93 -1.41
Distance to MPMT agent (km) 2.17 4.29 7.31*** 3.54
Number of enterprises 6.31 3.20 3.03** 1.92
Natural log of agric. Income (KSh.) 9.09 6.56 2.53*** 6.02
Natural log of other income 9.79 9.10 0.69** 1.97
Natural log of current value of assets 10.59 9.79 0.79*** 3.04
Number of farmers 197 182
NB: Significance of mean difference is at the *10%, **5% and ***1% levels
17
19. Awareness by Region of Survey
M-PESA = the most widely known method in all the districts
Postapay (Orange-money) = largely unknown by the respondents
19
20. Learning about MPMT
Majority of the respondents learnt from the radio, friends and relatives
Low usage of newspapers, TV and billboards/posters
20
21. Uses of Money Received via MPMT
Agric-related purposes (purchase of seed, fertilizer, farm equipment/
implements, leasing of farming land, paying of farm workers) = 32%
21
23. Reverse money transfer – How much is
from agric. to other uses?
Some farmers now transfer the money to the input dealers who in turn
send inputs without the farmer going to the markets physically,
23
24. Reverse money transfer by region
School fees is the most important reason for sending money out
from agric communities
24
25. Determinants of Use and Intensity of Use
of MPMT – The Double Hurdle Model
25
26. Determinants of Use and Intensity of Use
of MPMT – The Double Hurdle Model
1st Hurdle (Use of MPMT):
Logit Regression Model
2nd Hurdle (Intensity of use of MPMT):
The Poisson Regression Models (PRM) &
The Negative Binomial Regression Models (NBRM)
26
27. Determinants of Use of MPMT
Logit Reg. Marginal Effects
Dependent variable = Use of MPMT Coeff p-value Coeff p-value
Gender (dummy) 0.54 0.041 0.12 0.036
Age (years) 0.03 0.118 0.06 0.118
Education (years of formal education) 0.19 0.000 0.05 0.000
Distance to MPMT agent (km) -0.31 0.001 -0.09 0.001
Distance to nearest bank (km) 0.51 0.009 0.02 0.005
Household size -0.09 0.159 -0.02 0.149
Years of experience in farming (years) -0.03 0.064 -0.01 0.064
Distance to agric extension agent (km) -0.01 0.642 -0.03 0.642
Group membership (dummy) 0.71 0.007 0.16 0.003
Natural log of current value of assets 0.11 0.028 0.09 0.022
Natural log of household income 0.24 0.005 0.06 0.002
Region of Survey 1.22 0.435 1.08 0.476
Constant -1.13 0.000
Likelihood ratio shows that the model fits the data well (p-value = 0.001)
27
28. Determinants of intensity of use of MPMT
Definition of variables Poisson Negative Binomial
Dep. Variable: number of times of Coeff p-value Coeff p-value
using MPMT
Age 0.25 0.011 0.22 0.019
Age2 -0.01 0.014 -0.01 0.024
Education 0.16 0.000 0.19 0.000
Gender 0.73 0.563 0.62 0.633
Group membership 0.32 0.121 0.55 0.017
Household size -0.13 0.134 -0.32 0.144
Distance to MPMT agent -0.06 0.029 -0.04 0.016
Distance to the bank -0.15 0.480 0.06 0.002
Natural log of household assets 0.03 0.549 0.06 0.190
Natural log of agric income 0.06 0.886 0.08 0.017
Natural log of other income 0.02 0.383 0.03 0.028
Number of enterprises -0.21 0.112 -0.15 0.078
Region of Survey 2.28 0.222 1.78 0.276
Constant -2.71 0.041 -4.31 0.000
28
29. Impact of MPMT on input use, household
income and smallholder household
agricultural commercialization
- Results of the PSM Model
29
30. Measuring Impact
There are at least 3 methods of measuring impact
Heckman method
The instrumental variable methods
Difference in difference methods
However, these methods have major limitations
The Heckman imposes a strong assumption of linearity
The IV technique is simple to use, but its often an difficult task finding the
instrument
The difference-in-difference method requires panel data that captures
situation before and after
Unfortunately finding such data for most interventions such as the MPMT
services is hard
30
31. Measuring impact: Propensity Score Matching
Recent attempts in the literature to control for selection bias has
focused on the use of propensity score matching technique
Propensity score matching is suitable for addressing the problem of
possible occurrence of selection bias
This problem occurs when one wants to determine the difference between
the participant’s outcome with and without the program
Unfortunately it is not possible to observe both outcomes for a given
individual simultaneously using cross-sectional data
Propensity score matching technique allows one to match the
treatment with comparison units that are similar in terms of their
observable characteristics
That is, it takes two individuals that are exactly similar in all characteristics
EXCEPT the treatment and computes the difference in the outcome
between them
31
32. Propensity Score Matching cont’d…
The expected value of ATT is defined as the difference
between expected outcome values with and without treatment
for those who actually participated in treatment
τ ATT = E (τ | D = 1) = E[Y (1) | D = 1] − E[Y (0) | D = 1]
In the sense that this parameter focuses directly on actual
treatment participants
32
33. Impact of Use of MPMT
Matching Av. Treatment
Algorithm Outcome Variables Effect on treated t-value
Nearest (ATT)
Commercialization Index 0.378** 2.27
Neighbor
Matching HH per capita input use 3379.69* 1.83
HH per-capita income 17,727.62*** 3.36
Kernel Based Commercialization Index 0.377*** 2.91
Matching
HH per capita input use 3323.11** 1.99
HH per-capita income 17,720.61*** 3.19
Radius Matching Commercialization Index 0.377*** 3.24
HH per capita input use 3355.22* 1.88
HH per-capita income 17,724.21*** 3.03
t-values level of significance are: ***1%, **5% and *10% level. Treated=197,controls=182
33
34. Sensitivity analysis & test for hidden bias
Median Critical
Median p-value of
Matching bias % Bias Pseudo R2 Pseudo R2 p-value of LR level of
Outcome bias after LR
Algorithm before Reduction (unmatched) (matched) (unmatched) hidden
matching (matched)
matching bias (┌ )
Comm Index 32.4 16.5 73.6 0.167 0.091 0.000 0.607 1.80-1.85
Nearest
HH per capita
Neighbor
input use (Ksh) 27.2 15.5 35.9 0.188 0.111 0.024 0.884 1.45-1.50
Matching
HH per-capita
income (Ksh) 28.5 6.5 36.2 0.171 0.124 0.000 0.636 1.30-1.35
Comm Index 26.3 9.8 30.8 0.108 0.015 0.000 0.343 1.75-1.85
Kernel
HH per capita
Based
input use (Ksh) 20.5 12.1 45.6 0.117 0.026 0.000 0.763 1.40-1.50
Matching
HH per-capita
income (Ksh) 38.9 10.4 21.0 0.126 0.019 0.000 0.873 1.35-1.40
Comm Index 32.4 12.8 44.8 0.203 0.122 0.000 0.440 1.60-1.75
Radius HH per capita
Matching input use (Ksh) 24.2 11.9 29.8 0.191 0.116 0.004 0.911 1.45-1.55
HH per-capita
income (Ksh) 48.8 16.4 40.8 0.222 0.127 0.001 0.719 1.35-1.45
34
35. Conclusion
Level awareness of MPMT is very high (96%),
Level of adoption of MPMT is average (62 %)
Largest proportion of money received via mobile phone (32%) is
used on agricultural related purposes
Paying farm workers, buying agricultural inputs, leasing farm land
Determinants of use:
Education, distance to a commercial bank, membership to farmer organization,
distance to the MPMT agent, endowment with physical & financial assets
Determinants of intensity of use:
Distance to MPMT agent, age, education, social capital, experience in farming and
income endowment financial capital (income level)
35
36. Conclusion cont’d…
Use of m-banking services has a significant effect on
Level of household commercialization - by 37%
Household per-capita income - by Ksh. 17,700
Household per-capita input use - by Ksh. 3,300
Results were consistent with the 3 matching algorithm
Sensitivity test and test for hidden bias:
Lowest critical value of 1.30-1.35 while highest value is 1.80-1.85
Hence, even large amounts of unobserved heterogeneity would not
alter the inference about the estimated impact of use of MPMT
36
37. Implications
Findings imply that development strategy that embodies ICT-based
MPMT resolves farmer idiosyncratic market failure that arises from
high TCs
Hence ICT-based innovations can to help smallholder farmers escape
the low-equilibrium poverty trap characterized by limited use of
agricultural inputs, low participation in agricultural markets, low
incomes and subsequently low input use again
Attention should be given to constraints facing rural areas
Infrastructural: like lack of electricity
Human capita: Education and literacy as well as gender
Other countries should follow the Kenyan model and provide
favourable policies that would ensure entry and survival of such
initiatives
37