1. Computer Organization
and Architecture
Background and
Logistics
Yanmin Zhu
yzhu@cs.sjtu.edu.cn

2. Top 10 Significant Inventions in the
Recent Half Century
• 1. Computer • 6. Color TV
• 2. Internet • 7. Credit Card
• 3. Mobile Phone • 8. Email
• 4. Satellite • 9. Prophylactic
• 5. Rice • 10. Laser
Source: 中新网

3. Variety of Computers
Mobile Phone
Server Desktop
Notebook Pad
Printer Router Supercomputer
Plane Cluster
Car Wireless Router

4. Classes of Computers
• Desktop computers
—General purpose, variety of software
—Subject to cost/performance tradeoff
• Server computers
—Network based
—High capacity, performance, reliability
—Range from small servers to building sized
• Embedded computers
—Hidden as components of systems
—Stringent power/performance/cost constraints

5. The Processor Market
embedded growth >> desktop growth

6. Evolvement of computer systems
Petaflop
Teraflop
Gigaflop
6

7. TOP500, Nov. 2010

8. Tian-He, No 1
• Ranked No. 1 in
Nov. 2010.
• Peak
performance:4.7
Petaflops
• 1-day’s
Computation
equals 620-year’s
computation of an
average desktop
computer
• 2PB storage
• 4000 KW
• size
— 140 Racks,
1.45m*1.2m*2m
— Line up in 13 rows
— 700 square meters
— Weighing 160 tons

9. Jaguar, No. 2
• Peak performance: 2.33 Petaflops
• # of Processors: 37,376
• Total memory: 299 TB
• Storage: 10 Petabytes

10. Roadrunner “走鹊”
新墨西哥州州鸟
Los Alamos National Laboratory
No 1 as of November 2009 133 Million US Dollars

11. Performance Development

12. 1999-2009 Performance
Development
1200000
1000000
Spped (G Flops)
800000
600000
400000
200000
0
1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010
时间

13. Architectures

14. Chip Technology

15. Installation Types

16. TOP500, 2009

17. TOP500

18. Supercomputing in China
“天河”、“银河”
“曙光”、“神威”、“深腾”等
2009, TOP500, Drowning 5000A
is Ranked No. 15

19. Sensor Node
• Three Radio
capabilities
Processor
—Information
sensing
—Data Sensing
Interface
processing
—Packet
transmission Light
• Resource
constrained
Power Supply Unit
—Limited
memory
Accelerator
—Powered by Temperature Humidity
battery

20. Wireless Sensor Networks
Gateway
Sensor Node
Users
Internet
A network of tiny sensor nodes
closely coupled with the
physical world
20

21. Deployment in coal mine tunnels
Reliable Routing
Multi-Sink
Deployment
Energy Geocasting
Efficiency
Data
Location Sensing Aggregation
WSN Prototype
ID Assignment Compression
Event Detection

22. Internet of Things (物联网)
通过射频识别（RFID）、红外感应器、全球定
位系统、激光扫描器等信息传感设备，按约定的
协议，把任何物品与互联网连接起来，进行信息
交换和通讯，以实现智能化识别、定位、跟踪、
监控和管理的一种网络。

23. 感知中国
• 2009年8月7日，温家宝总理视察无锡，提出
“在激烈的国际竞争中，在无锡加快建立中国
的感知中国中心”
• 物联网在工业、农业、电力、交通、物流、环
保、水利、安保、家居、教育、医疗、园区等
领域“感知”系列物联网应用示范项目

24. Reflection
• What do different
computers share and differ
in?
• How can we continuously
improve computer
performance?
• How do different
components work
together?
• What are tradeoffs between
performance and cost?
24

25. Course Description and Goal
Capacity Speed Price
(memory) (CPU)
IBM7030 128KB 1.2 MIPS US$13,500,000
(Stretch)1961
Desktop 2G (typical) 3000 MIPS US$800
2010
Understand the unprecedented innovations in computers!
What have been making computers faster and cheaper? And how
to continue the innovations?
50 years of non-stop innovation – a technological
miracle!

26. Course Information
Computer
Organization and
Architecture
—Credits: 4 Venue and Time
—Hours: 68
• Wedesday
—1st week to 17th week
•Course Website: • Friday
—http://grid.sjtu.edu.cn/yz • 3 -4 class
rd th
hu/courses/orgarc_11sprin
g/
• 下院109

27. Instructor
• Yanmin Zhu: Associate Professor
—Wireless Sensor Networks, Ad Hoc Networks,
Vehicle Ad Hoc Networks, Pervasive and
Ubiquitous Computing
—Distributed and Parallel Systems,, and Policy-
based Management for Distributed Systems
• Contact
—Web: http://grid.sjtu.edu.cn/yzhu
—Email: yzhu@cs.sjtu.edu.cn
—Mobile: 135 2442 1842
—电院5号楼东A303“973 WSN Research Lab”

28. Textbook
• Computer Organization and
Architecture Designing for
Performance (7th ed.)
• 计算机组织与结构—性能设计（
第七版 影印版）
—William Stallings
• 高等教育出版社
• Price: ￥55.00
• Available at the
Department. You can
borrow one from there

29. Internet Resources
• http://WilliamStallings.com
/COA/COA7e.html
— links to sites of interest
— links to sites for courses that
use the book
— errata list for book
— information on other books
by W. Stallings
• http://WilliamStallings.com
/StudentSupport.html
— Math
— How-to
— Research resources
— Misc

30. Reference Books
• Computer Organization and
Design: The
Hardware/Software Interface,
4th Edition, David A.
Patterson, John L. Hennessy
• Computer Architecture: A
Quantitative Approach, 4th
Edition, John L. Hennessy,
David A. Patterson

31. Course Grading
• Examinations
—Mid-term exam (20%)
—Final exam (40%)
• Quizzes (20%)
• Project (10%)
• Homeworks (10%)