3. The
Protestant
Reforma8on
1517
–
Mar8n
Luther
nailed
his
95
theses
to
the
door
of
the
Castle
Church
in
WiCenberg,
Germany.
4. New
approach
to
Chris8anity
• Path
to
salva8on
=
Faith
alone
(can’t
be
purchased)
• Only
authority
=
Bible
(transla8on
in
German)
• All
Chris8ans
are
equal
• Honest
work
was
part
of
serving
God
• Clergy
could
marry
and
have
families
5.
6. Consequence
for
Art
• Images
=
blasphemous
and
idolatrous
for
Protestants
(especially
Calvinists)
• Iconoclasm
• New
way
to
create
without
appearing
to
create
pagan
idols
• New
subjects
maCer
(portraits,
genre…)
13. Woodcut
Printmaking
process
by
which
a
wooden
tablet
is
gouged
into
with
a
tool,
leaving
the
design
raised
and
the
background
cut
away.
Ink
is
rolled
onto
the
raised
por8ons,
and
an
impression
is
made
when
paper
is
applied
to
the
surface.
Woodcuts
have
strong
angular
surfaces
with
sharply
delineated
lines.
17. Engraving
A
printmaking
process
by
which
a
tool
called
a
burin
is
used
to
carve
into
a
metal
plate,
causing
the
impressions
to
be
made
in
the
surface.
Ink
is
passed
into
the
crevices
of
the
plate,
and
the
paper
is
applied.
The
result
is
a
print
with
remarkable
details
and
finely
shaded
contours.
39. Bosch,
Garden
of
Earthly
Delights,
c.1510-‐1515
-‐ Rela8on
between
the
3
panels
-‐ Figures
are
light
and
nonsubstan8al
-‐ No
individuality
of
the
figures
-‐ High
Horizon
pack
many
details
-‐ Unknown
meaning
Warning
against
lust
and
the
transience
of
worldly
pleasure?
Four
stage
of
alchemy?
1)
Bringing
together
the
opposite
elements
2)
Mixing
3)
Purifica8on
process
by
fire
Cleansing
of
the
elements
(not
illustrated)
49. Pieter
Brueghel
• Northern
Renaissance
style
• Peasants
=
new
humanism
of
the
Renaissance
• Life
of
ordinary
people
=
genre
painFng
• Naturalism
for
the
landscape
• Importance
of
details
• Knowledge
of
linear
perspec8ve
and
Italian
landscape
composi8on
59. Mouse
-‐
Satan
Cat
–
choleric
or
angry
Rabbit
–
sanguine
or
energe8c
Ox
–
Phlegma8c
or
lethargic
Elk
–
melancholic
or
sad
Parrot
-‐
cleverness
4
humors
=
body
fluids
that
medieval
physiologists
believed
dictated
human
personality
They
were
kept
in
balance
before
the
Fall
of
Man
60.
61. Fusion
between
Italian
massive
form
and
Northern
devo8on
to
detailed
pain8ngs
62. Albrecht
Dürer,
Four
Horsemen
of
the
Apocalypse,
c.1497-‐98
From
the
book
Apocalypse,
full
text
of
the
Book
of
RevelaGon
in
La8n
and
German
64. MaChias
Grünewald,
Isenheim
Alterpiece
For
the
hospital
chapel
of
the
monastery
of
Saint
Anthony
in
Isenheim
Specialized
in
skin
diseases,
parFcularly
ergoFsm
–
“Saint
Anthony’s
fire”
ErgoFsm:
disease
caused
by
ea8ng
a
fungus
that
grows
on
rye
floor
65.
66. MaChias
Grünewlad,
Crucifixion
with
Saint
Sebas8an
and
Saint
Anthony,
1510-‐1515
1st
view:
altarpiece
closed
during
the
week
Saint
Sebas8an
(plague)
Saint
Anthony
67.
68.
69. MaChias
Grünewald,
AnnunciaGon,
Virgin
and
Child
with
Angels,
and
ResurrecGon,
Isenheim,
1510-‐1515
2nd
view:
Sunday
and
Holidays
78. Hans
Holbein
the
Younger,
Erasmus
of
RoCerdam,
c.1523
Erasmus
recommended
Holbein
to
Sir
Thomas
More,
chancellor
of
England
and
an
associate
of
King
Henry
VIII
85. Anamorphic
image:
image
that
must
be
viewed
by
a
special
means,
such
as
a
mirror,
in
order
to
be
recognized
86. Characteris8cs
of
16th
century
pain8ng
• Many
Northern
ar8sts
traveled
in
Italy
• Assimila8on
of
the
Italian
Renaissance
(especially
Michelangelo)
• Influence
of
the
use
of
massiveness
and
size
• Influence
of
mannerism
(elonga8on
and
stylized
figures)
• Importance
of
the
minute
details
• Importance
of
symbols
• Love
for
landscape
87. Sculpture
Very
few
sculpture
produced
in
the
Northern
countries
-‐
Idolatry
