Swine flu - Dr. S. Sivasankara Narayani

1. 17CY312 – MEDICAL
MICROBIOLOGY (UNIT –II)
Dr. S. SIVASANKARA NARAYANI
ASSISTANT PROFESSOR
DEPARTMENT OF MICROBIOLOGY
AYYA NADAR JANAKI AMMAL COLLEGE
SIVAKASI
28-08-2020Dr.SS
Swine flu

2. INTRO
• swine flu is also known as H1N1.
• Epidemics of swine flu Were in : 1918 and 1968
• The swine flu pandemic was in 2009. Total swine flu deaths from 2009
pandemic:14,286.
• Epidemic meaning: An outbreak of a contagious disease that spreads rapidly and
widely.
• Pandemic meaning: Epidemic over a wide geographic area and affecting a large
proportion of the population.
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3. SWINE FLU DISEASE
• Swine Influenza (swine flu) is a respiratory disease of pigs caused by Type A
influenza viruses that causes regular outbreaks in pigs.
• Swine flu viruses have been reported to spread from person-to- person, but in the
past, this transmission was limited and not sustained beyond three people
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4. WHAT IS H1N1?
• The “H1” (Hemagglutinin) and “N1” (Neuraminidases) .
• Influenza viruses are split up into three broad groups known as influenza A, B and
C.
• Influenza A is the most common type, and H1N1 is a type of influenza A.
• The designation “H1N1” indicates unique traits, which exhibit characteristics that
identify the virus to the immune system and allows for attachment and replication
of the virus.
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5. STRUCTURE
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6. STRUCTURE
• Hemagglutinin protein‐ the virus uses to attach to the host cells.
• Neuraminidase enables‐ the virus to be released from the host cell.
• M2 Ion Channel‐ allows protons to move through the viral envelope and is
essential for the virus replication process.
• RNP ‐ Ribonucleoprotein containing the virus RNA genome
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9. SYMPTOMS
• Fever, sore throat, vomiting, diarrhoea, runny nose, coughing and nausea are all
symptoms of swine flu in humans.
• Diarrhoea, coughing, sore throat, lack of appetite, fever, sneezing and weight loss
are the main symptoms of swine flu in pigs.
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10. CHILDREN
• Fast breathing or trouble breathing.
• Bluish skin colour .
• Not drinking enough fluids .
• Not waking up or not interacting .
• Being so irritable that the child does not want to be held.
• Flu-like symptoms improve but then return with fever and worse cough .
• Fever with a rash
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11. ADULTS
• Difficulty breathing or shortness of breath.
• Pain or pressure in the chest or abdomen .
• Sudden dizziness .
• Confusion .
• Severe or persistent vomiting .
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12. MODE OF TRANSMISSION
• The virus can be spread when a person touches something that is contaminated
with the virus and then touches his or her eyes, nose, or mouth.
• Droplets from a cough or sneeze of an infected person move through the air.
• The virus can then be spread when a person touches respiratory droplets from
another person on a surface like a desk, doorknob, child’s toy or phone handset
and then touches their own eyes, mouth or nose before washing their hands.
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13. DIAGNOSIS
• diagnose swine influenza A infection, a respiratory specimen would generally
need to be collected within the first 4 to 5 days of illness (when an infected person
is most likely to be shedding virus).
• However, some persons, especially children, may shed virus for 10 days or
longer.
• Identification as a swine flu influenza A virus requires sending the specimen to a
hospital laboratory for testing
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14. DIAGNOSIS
• Routiene blood test
• Chest X ray
• Nose or Throat swab
• Kit diagnose flu - Human Influenza Virus Real-Time RT-PCR Detection and
Characterization Panel (rRT-PCR Flu Panel). It gives results in 4 hours.
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15. TREATMENT
• The US CDC recommends the use of oseltamivir (Tamiflu®) or zanamivir
(Relenza®) for the treatment and/or prevention of infection with these swine
influenza viruses.
• Antiviral drugs are prescription medicines (pills, liquid or an inhaler) that fight
against the flu by keeping flu viruses from reproducing in your body.
• For treatment, antiviral drugs work best if started soon after getting sick (within 2
days of symptoms).
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17. PREVENTION
• Farmers should wear face masks and gloves when dealing with infected animals
to prevent swine flu.
• Cover your nose and mouth with a tissue when you cough or sneeze. Throw the
tissue in the trash after you use it.
• Wash your hands often with soap and water, especially after you cough or
sneeze. Alcohol-based hand cleaners are also effective.
• Try to avoid close contact with sick people.
• If you get sick with influenza, stay home from work or school and limit contact
with others to keep from infecting them.
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18. PREVENTION
• To prevent the spread of influenza virus it is important to keep surfaces
(especially bedside tables, surfaces in the bathroom, kitchen counters and toys
for children) clean by wiping them down with a household disinfectant according
to directions on the product label.
• HOUSEHOLD CLEANING TO PREVENT THE SPREAD OF INFLUENZA VIRUS
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19. CLARIFICATION
28-08-2020Dr.SS
sivasan91@gmail.com

20. QUESTIONS TO THINK
• Types of influenza virus
• Diagnostic methods of swine flu disease
• Structure of swine flu virus
• mechanism of swine flu infection
• Name the genes involved in the swine infection?
• Name the vaccine used for swine flu virus disease
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