this PowerPoint is in class 12th geography book chapter tertiary and Quaternary activity .

1. MADE BY-
SIMIRAN AND MANSI WAD
XII E

2. ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES
SECONDARY
PRIMARY
TERTIARY
QUATERNARY
QUINARY

3. PRIMARY ACTIVITIES
AGRICULTURE LUMBERING MINING

4. SECONDARY ACTIVITIES
SMELTING TEXTILE
INDUSTRY
CHEMICAL INDUSTRY

5. TERTIARY ACTIVITIES
 TERTIARY ACTIVITIES ARE RELATED TO THE SERVICE SECTOR.
 MANPOWER IS AN IMPORTANT COMPONENT OF THE SERVICE
SECTOR.
 IN DEVELOPED ECONMY, MAJORITY OF THE WORKERS GET
EMPLOYMENT IN TERTIARY ACTIVITY AND A MODERATE
PRPORTION IS EMPLOYED IN THE SECONDARY SECTOR AND
PRIMARY SECTOR.
 TERTIARY ACTIVITY INCLUDE BOTH PRODUCTION AND
EXCHANGE .
 THE PRODUCTION INVOLVES THE ‘PROVISION’ OF SERVICES
THAT ARE ‘CONSUMED’ AND EXCHANGE, INVOLVES TRADE,
TRANSPORT AND COMMUNICATION FACILITIES THAT ARE
USED TO OVERCOME DISTANCE.

6. TERTIARY ACTIVITIES
TRSANSPORT TEACHING TIFFIN SERVICE

7. Types of tertiary activities
TERTIARY
ACTIVITY
TRADE AND
COMMERCE
TRANSPORT
COMMUNICATION
SERVICES

8. TYPES OF TETIARY ACTIVITIES
 TRADE AND COMMERCE
• TRADE IS ESSENTIALLY BUYING AND SELLING OF
ITEMS PRODUCED ELSEWHERE.
• THE TOWNS AND CITIES WHERE ALL THESE
WORKS TAKE PLACE ARE KNOWN AS TRADING
CENTRES.
TEADING CENTRES MAY BE DVIDED INTO RURAL
AND URBAN MARKETING CENTRES.

9. RURAL MARKETING CENTRES
 RURAL MARKETING CENTRES CATER TO NEARBY
SETTLEMENTS.
 THESE ARE QUASI-URBAN CENTRES WHERE THE
PERSONAL AND PROFESSIONAL SERVICES ARE NOT WELL
DEVELOPED.
 THEY ARE SIGNIFICANT CENTRES FOR MAKING
AVAILABLE GOODS AND SERVICES WHICH ARE MOST
FREQUENTLY DEMANDED BY RURAL FOLK.

10. PERIODIC MARKETS IN RURAL AREAS
• PERIODIC MARKETS IN RURRAL AREAS ARE FOUND
WHERE THERE ARE NO REGULAR MARKETS AND
LOCAL PERIODIC, MARKETS ARE ORGANISED AT
DIFFERENT TEMPORAL INTERVALS.
• THESE MAY BE WEEKLY OR BI-WEEKLY MARKETS.

11. PERIODIC MARKETS

12. URBAN MARKETING CENTRES
URBAN CENTRES, OFFER MANUFACTURED GOODS
AS WELL AS MANY SPECIALIZED MARKETS
DEVELOP, e.g. MARKETS FOR LABOUR, HOUSING,
SEMI OR FINISHED PRODUCTS.
SERVICES OF EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS AND
PROFESSIONALS SUCH AS TEACHERS, LAWYERS,
CONSULTANTS, PHYSICIANS, DENTIST AND
VERTINARY DOCTORS ARE AVAILABLE.

13. RETAIL TRADING AND WHOLESALE TRADING
RETAIL TRADING
• MOST OF THE RETAIL
TRADING TAKES PLACE IN
FIXED ESTABLISHMENTS OR
STORES SOLELY DEVOTED
TO SELLING.
• STREET PEDDLING,
HANDCARTS, TRUCKS, DOOR
TO DOOR, MAIL ORDER,
TELEPHONE, AUTOMATIC
VENDING MACHINE AND
INTERNET ARE EXAMPLES
OF NON-STORE RETAIL
TRADING.
WHOLESALE TRADING
• WHOLESALE TRADING
CONSTITUTE BULK BUSINESS
THROUGH NUMEROUS
INTERMEDIATORY MERCHANTS
AND SUPPLY HOUSES AND NOT
THROUH RETAIL STORES

14. RETAIL TRADING WHOLESALE TRADING

15. TRANSPORT
• TRANSPORT IS A SEVICE OR FACILITY BY WHICH PEOPLE,
MATERIALS AND MANUFACTURED GOODS ARE
PHYSICALLY CARRIED FROM ONE LOCATION TO
ANOTHER.
• IN SELECTING THE MODE OF TRANSPOERT, DISTANCE, IN
TERMS OF TIME OR COST, IS THE DETERMINING FACTOR.

16. FACTORS AFFECTING TRANSPORT
I. DEMAND FOR TRANSPORT IS INFLUENCED BY THE SIZE
OF POPULATION.
II. ROUTES DEPEND ON LOCATION OF CITIES, TOWNS,
VILLAGES, INDUSTRIAL CENTRES AND RAW MATERIALS,
PATTERN OF TRADE BETWEEN THEM, TYPE OF CLIMATE
AND FUNDS AVAILABLE FOR OVERCOMING OBSTACLES
ALONG THE LENGTH OF THE ROUTE.

17. COMMUNICATION
• COMMUNICATION SERVICES INVOLVE THE TRANSMISSION
OF WORDS AND MESSAGES, FACTS AND IDEAS.
• CERTAIN DEVELOPMENTS, SUCH AS MOBILE, TELEPHONY
AND SATELLITES, HAVE MADE COMMUNICATIONS
INDEPENDENT OF TRANSPORT.
• BUT DUE TO THE CHEAPNESS OF THE OLDER SYSTEMS,
VERY LARGE VOLUMESOF MAIL CONTINUE TO BE HANDED
BY POST OFFICES ALL OVER THE WORLD.

18. TELECOMMUNICATIONS
 IT HAS REVOLUTIONISED COMMUNICATIONS BECAUSE OF
THE SPEED WITH WHICH MESSAGE ARE SENT.
 RECENT ADVANCEMENTS LIKE MOBILE TELEPHONY HAVE
MADE COMMUNICATIONS DIRECT AND INSTANTANEOUS
AT ANY TIME AND FROM ANYWHERE.
 RADIO AND TELEVISION ALSO HELP TO RELAY NEWS,
PICTURES AND TELEPHONE CALLS TO THE VAST AUDIECES
AROUND THE WORLD AND HENCE THEY ARE TERMED AS
MASS MEDIA.
 NEWSPAPERS ARE ABLE TO COVER EVENTS IN ALL CORNERS
OF THE WORLD. SATELLITE COMMUNICATION RELAY
INFORMATION OF THE EARTH AND FROM SPACE.
 THE INTERNET HAS TRULY REVOLUTIONISED THE GLOBAL
COMMUNICATION SYSTEM.

20. SERVICES
• Services occur at many different levels. Some are geared to industry,
some to people; and some to both industry and people, e.g. the transport
systems.
• Low-order services, such as grocery, shops and laundries, are more
common and widespread than high-order services or more specialized
ones like those of accountants, consultants and physicians.
• Services are provided to individual consumers who can afford to pay for
them.
• For example the gardener, the launderers and the barber do primarily
physical labour. Teacher, lawyers, physicians, musicians and others
perform mental labour.

21. • Service sector is well developed in regions where there is high technological
and educational know how, There is an increase in international trade of
services.
• Services once generated can be easily availed by many and provide high
monetary value in terms of wages, service charges etc.
• As a country develops, more and more people shift to tertiary activities and
the share of tertiary activities in the GDP is even faster.
• Service sector provides the most lump some amount of foreign exchange
and income for the country. Therefore service sector is a major contributor
in the modern economic development.

24. PEOPLE ENGAGED IN TERTIARY ACTIVITIES
• Most of the people are engaged in tertiary activities.
• Higher percentage of workers engaged in tertiary activities can be found
in developed countries of the world than less developed countries.
• Employment in this sector keeps increasing while it is the same or
decreasing in the primary and secondary activities.

25. Tourism
• Tourism is part of service sector that refers to travel undertaken for
purpose of recreation rather than business. This industry generates jobs
as people are engaged in providing accommodation, meals, transport,
entertainment, infrastructure retail trading and crafts.
• It has become the world’s single largest tertiary activity in total
registered jobs (250 million) and total revenue (40 per cent of the total
GDP)

26. Tourist Regions
• Tourism can be seasonal or throughout the year like warmer places
around the Mediterranean coast, West coast of India during winters,
mountains in summers or winter spots regions found mainly in
mountainous areas.
• Historic towns, religious places, heritage sites offer tourism
throughout the year. Factors Affecting Tourism
• The rise in tourism industry is due to increased demand for it which
is thus influenced by improvement in standard of living and increased
leisure time.
• Another factor is improvement in transportation that has made travel
easier and destinations reachable.

27. Factors affecting tourism
1. Demand - Since the last century, the demand for holidays has increased
rapidly. Improvements in the standard of living and increased leisure
time, permit many more people to go on holidays for leisure.
2. Transport - The opening-up of tourist areas has been aided by
improvement in transport facilities.

28. Medical Services for Overseas Patients in India
• Medical services or tourism takes place when medical treatment is
combined with international tourism activity.
• People from developed countries like US are visiting India for medical
tourism or services.
- This brings economic benefits to India and other countries where
medical tourism is taking place like Thailand, Singapore and Malaysia.
• Other medical related activities such as outsourcing of medical tests, data
interpretation, reading radiology images, interpreting Magnetic
Resonance Images (MRIs) and ultrasound tests are taking place in India,
Australia and Switzerland.

30. QUATERNARY ACTIVITIES
• The activities related to knowledge oriented, involving collection,
production and dissemination of information come under quaternary
activities.
• They center around research development and may involve specialized
knowledge and technical skills.
Software developers, mutual fund managers, doctors, accounting,
brokerage firms are some examples of quaternary activities.
• They can be outsourced even as these are not tied to resources or
affected by the environment or markets. This sector has replaced primary
and secondary sector and absorbs half of the population in developed
economies.

31. QUINARY ACTIVITIES
• The activities that are highly specific and specialized are placed under it.
• These include high level decision-makers, administrators, government
officials, research scientists, etc.
• They are also known as gold collar professions.

32. Outsourcing
• It means contracting out or giving work to an outside agency to improve
efficiency and to reduce cost. It is termed as off-shoring when work is
transferred to overseas location.
• Outsourcing provides employment in developing Countries of India,
China, Botswana, etc. Information technology, human resources,
customer support, call centers, data processing and other IT related
services are examples of outsourcing.

33. BPO
• BPO stands for Business Process Outsourcing which involves customer
support services, call centres and similar other processes.
• The developed countries transfer these jobs as overhead costs are much
lower making it profitable to get job work carried out.
KPO
KPO stands for a Knowledge Process Outsourcing which involves skilled
workers and enables companies to create additional business opportunities,
e.g. e-leaming, business research, etc.

35. THE DIGITAL DIVIDE
• Development emerging from the information and communication
technology is unevenly spread across the globe. Some regions have
prospered while others are lagged behind. This is known as digital divide.
• In developing countries, this kind of divide is seen more than developed
countries. Here, the metropolitan cities are developed more than rural
areas.