Viruses can be extremely simple in design, consisting of nuclei acid surrounded by the protein coat as a capsid. The capsid is composed of smaller protein components referred to as capsomeres. The capsid along with genome combination is called a nucleocapsid. The viruses can also posses additional components, with most common being an additional membranous layer that surrounds nucleocapsid called an envelope. This envelope is actually acquired from the nuclear or plasma membrane of the infected host cell and then Modified with viral protein called peplomere. A complete virus, with all the components needed for host cell to cause infection is referred to as virions. Viruses come in many shapes and sizes, but these are consistent and distinct for each viral family. The morphology of virus include size, shapes, genetic constituents, and the nuclear envelope An infective agent that typically consist of a nuclei acid molecule In protein coat, it is too small can not visible through naked eyes and even by light microscopy, and is able to multiply only within the living cells of a host. These are about 100 times smaller than bacteria and can only be observed by electron microscope. These are small obligate intracellular parasites, which Contain either a RNA or DNA genome surrounded by a protective, virus protein coat. These are acellular, so they are neither prokaryotes nor eukaryotes because they lack the characters of living beings except the ability to replicate. And they infect all types of cells :- humans, animals, plants, bacteria, yeast, protozoa, etc. VIRAL SIZE:- These are much smaller than bacteria for a time they were know as’filterable agents’ as they can pass through filters that can hold back bacteria. They can not be seen under light microscope hence called as'ultramicroscopic‘. These viral particles seen in this manner are know as ‘elementary bodies’. The size ranges:- 5-300nanometer. In recent years a number of viruses including mimivirus length of virus up to 600nm,and Pandoravirus Ranges from 50-100nm In length have been identified. Most viruses vary in diameter from 250-400nm;the largest, however measure about 500nm in diameter and are about 700-1,000nm in length. Paramyxoviruses can be up to 14,000nm long, Rotavirus particles measures 76.5nm in diameter. Viruses, VIRAL STRUCTURE, MORPHOLOGY

1.  MORPHOLOGY OF VIRUS
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Shylesh Murthy I A ( RESEARCHER)
Passion About
Genomics

2. HISTORY:-
 In 1897 Matinus Beijerinck coined the
Latin name “VIRUS” meaning poison
So he is considered as one of the founders
of Virology.
 He studied filtered plant juice and
found they caused healthy plants
to become sick.
 They couldn’t be seen untill the electron
microscope was invented in the 20th century

3.  Wendell Stanley in 1935 crystallized sap from sick
tobacco plant. He discovered viruses were made up
of nuclei acid and protein.
 He stated that viruses were demonstrated to be
a needle Shape crystalline particles, rather than a fluid.

4. INTRODUCTION:-
 An infective agent that typically consist of a nuclei acid molecule In protein coat, it is too small can not visible through
naked eyes and even by light microscopy, and is able to multiply only within the living cells of a host.
 These are about 100 times smaller than bacteria and can only be observed by electron microscope.
 These are small obligate intracellular parasites, which Contain either a RNA or DNA genome surrounded by a protective,
virus protein coat.
 These are acellular, so they are neither prokaryotes nor eukaryotes because they lack the characters of living beings except
the ability to replicate. And they infect all types of cells :- humans, animals, plants, bacteria, yeast, protozoa, etc.

6. PROPERTIES:-
 Viruses can be extremely simple in design, consisting of nuclei acid
surrounded by the protein coat as a capsid.
 The capsid is composed of smaller protein components
referred to as capsomeres.
 The capsid along with genome combination
is called a nucleocapsid.
 The viruses can also posses additional components,
with most common being an additional membranous layer
that surrounds nucleocapsid called an envelope.
 This envelope is actually acquired from the nuclear or
plasma membrane of the infected host cell and then
Modified with viral protein called peplomere.
 A complete virus, with all the components needed for
host cell to cause infection is referred to as virions.
 Viruses comes in many shapes and sizes, but these are consistent
and distinct for each viral family.
 The morphology of virus include size, shapes, the genetic constituents,
and the nuclear envelope.

7. * VIRAL SIZE:-
 These are much smaller than bacteria for a time
they were know as’filterable agents’ as they can pass through
filters that can hold back bacteria.
 They can not be seen under light microscope hence
called as'ultramicroscopic‘. These viral particles seen in this
manner are know as ‘elementary bodies’.
 The size ranges:- 5-300nanometer.
 In recent years a number of viruses including mimivirus length of
virus up to 600nm,and Pandoravirus Ranges from 50-100nm
In length have been identified.
 Most viruses vary in diameter from 250-400nm;the largest,
however measure about 500nm in diameter and are about 700-1,000nm in length.
 Paramyxoviruses can be up to 14,000nm long, Rotavirus particles measures 76.5nm in diameter.

13. REFERENCE:-
1. Medical virology by mishra b
2. Websites:- biology libre textbook
3. A textbook of biology ,by m. Sudhakar rao,
cell biology and molecular biology
4. By Dr. Arumugam, saras publication. Seventh edition.
5. Www.Quantamagazine.Org/broadband-networks-of-viruses

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