4. Kinds of Nouns
Common Nouns Proper Nouns
boy John
girl Mary
Singular Nouns Plural Nouns
boy boys
girl girls
5. VERB
A verb tells what the
noun does or is…
An action verb tells you
that “She dances.”
•A linking or state of
being verb tells you that
“The monster is ugly.”
7. Kinds of Verbs
Action verbs express
mental or physical action.
He rode the horse to victory.
8. PRONOUN
A pronoun is a short word that takes
the place of a noun.
Pronouns can be:
Subjects : He or She
Objects: Him or Her
Possessive: His or Hers
Indefinite: nobody or all
Demonstrative: this or those
9. The pronoun is a word used in place of one or more nouns.
It may stand for a person, place, thing, or idea.
Indefinite Pronouns
anybody
each
either
none
someone, one, etc.
10. ADJECTIVE
Adjectives are descriptive
words used to “modify” or
tell more about nouns and
Presenting a pronouns…
blue car, a red Without colorful and precise
car and a light adjectives, language would
brown car… be pretty blah!
11. ADVERB
An adverb modifies and describes a
verb,.
Adverbs frames questions like
how, where and when:
“Yesterday, she ran quickly to home.”
The most commonly used adverb in
English is “very.”
Many adverbs end in “ly”
E.g.: quickly, carefully, & slowly…
12. Interrogative
Adverbs How did you break your
introduce questions leg?
How often do
you run?
Where did you put the
mouse trap?
13. Answers the questions:
He ran quickly.
She left yesterday.
We went there.
It was too hot! To what degree or how much?
14. PREPOSITION
A preposition shows a position
relationship between two or more
nouns or pronouns.
“She walked through the door into
the room.”
15. Some Common Prepositions
aboard behind from throughout
about below in to
above beneath into toward
across beside like under
after between of underneath
against beyond off until
along by on up
among down over upon
around during past with
at except since within
before for through without
16. CONJUNCTION
A conjunction is a short joining
word, such as “and, or, but, for, so
& yet.”
The main function of a conjunction
is to join words, phrases and clauses
together:
E.g.. Slowly and carefully
A red hat and a white shirt
He had no ticket, but he went
anyway.
18. The Interjection
is an exclamatory word that expresses
emotion
Goodness! What a cute baby!
Wow! Look at that
Sunset.
19. INTERJECTION
An interjection is a word (or
words) of shock or surprise.
It is usually used by itself and
is followed by an exclamation
point.
Examples are:
“Watch out!
Wow!, Cool!, Awesome! and so
Where’d this on…
rocket come
from???”
22. 1) Simple Present Tense
It indicates exactly when an action or event takes
place in the present.
They talk everyday
S V
See how the sun shines.
S V
I have an idea.
S V
23. 1) Simple Present Tense
Simple present tensealso have general true
fact in which we should always add “S”
The sun rises in the east
S V
The water boils at 100 degree Celsius
S V
• The earth is round.
S V
24. 2) Present Perfect Tense
It indicates an event that began in the past and continues up
to the present and the action which has been completed.
They have arrived.
S V
The sun has set
S V
I have thought this idea before.
S V
25. 3) Present Continuous Tense
Present continuous tense have two parts:
• The present tense of the verb to be
(am; is ; are)
• The present participle of the main verb
(Verb + ing).
26. Examples:
They are talking to each other.
S V + ing
The sun is shining.
S V + ing
I am playing a computer.
S V + ing
He is thinking..
S V + ing
27. 4) Present Perfect Continuous Tense
Present perfect continuous tense have two parts:
• The present perfect of the verb ‘to be’
(have/has been)
+
• The present participle of the main verb
(Verb + ing).
28. 4) Present Perfect Continuous Tense
It shows that the action began in the past and continuing up
to the present time.
They have been waiting for two hours
S V
She has been studying grammar for an hour.
S V
30. 1) Simple Past Tense
It indicates exactly when an action or event takes place in the
past and ends with “ed”.
They talked yesterday
S V
I studied last night
S V
I had an idea.
S V
31. 2) Past Perfect Tense
It denote an event which had been completed in the past
before another action starts.
Ram had left before madan reached the place.
S V
I had finished my studies when ali came to see me
S V
32. 3) Past Continuous Tense
Past continuous tense have two parts:
• The past tense of the verb to be
(was / were)
• The base of the main verb
(Verb + ing).
33. Examples:
They were talking to each other.
S V + ing
The sun was shining.
S V + ing
I was playing computer yesterday.
S V + ing
He was thinking..
S V + ing
34. 4) Past Perfect Continuous Tense
Past perfect continuous tense have two parts:
• The past perfect of the verb ‘to be’
(had been)
and
• The present participle
(Verb + ing).
35. 4) Past Perfect Continuous Tense
It shows that the action had begun prior to the past time
They had been Dancing for two hours
S V
She had been studying grammar for an hour.
S V
38. Form: “Will”
Subject Will Verb
I will open the door.
Note:
You will finish before me.
When using the word
not, always put it He will not be at school tomorrow.
between the will and
She will help you.
the verb.
It will be there tomorrow.
They will not do their homework.
We will not leave yet.
The will always
comes first when
asking a question. Will you not arrive on time?
Will they want dinner?
39. When to use the “will” form
Use “will” to express a voluntary action.
• I will give you the phone number.
• Will you help me with my homework?
• The phone rings. “I will get it.”
Use “will” when there is no plan.
• We will see what happens.
• I think I will go to gym tomorrow.
Use “will” when making promises.
• I will call you when I arrive.
• I promise I will not tell anyone about the secret.
• Do not worry. I will be careful.
40. Form: “Be going to”
Subject am/is/are Going to Verb
I am not going to open the door.
You are going to meet Ram tonight.
He is going to be at school tomorrow.
She is not going to clean the floor.
It is going to be there tomorrow.
They are not going to make dinner.
We are going to make some sandwiches.
When asking a question
Are You going to meet Ram tonight?
Is he not going to do his homework?
41. “will” or “be going to”
We can use either of those forms when making a
prediction.
• This year will be an interesting year.
• This year is going to be an interesting year.
• Barack Obama will be the next president.
• Barack Obama is going to be the next president.
42. 2) Future Perfect Tense
It denote an event which will be completed in the future
Ram shall have reached the place before Hari.
S V
I shall have done my homework before you come.
S V
43. 3) Future Continuous Tense
Future continuous tense have two parts:
• The simple future of the verb to be
(will be)
• The present participle of the verb
(Verb + ing).
44. Examples:
They will be talking to each other.
S V + ing
I will be playing computer tomorrow.
S V + ing
He will be thinking deeply..
S V + ing
45. 4) Future Perfect Continuous Tense
Future perfect continuous tense have two parts:
• The future perfect of the verb ‘to be’
(will have been)
and
• The present participle of the main verb
(Verb + ing).
46. 4) Future Perfect Continuous Tense
It shows that the action whether finished or unfinished
They will have been Dancing for two hours
S V
She will have been learning grammar for an hour.
S V
