Human Exceptionality Chapter 14
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by Michael Hardman (c) Cengage Learning 2010
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Human Exceptionality Chapter 14
- 1. ©2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. PHYSICAL DISABILITIES, HEALTH DISORDERS, AND TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURY CHAPTER FOURTEEN
- 2. CHAPTER FOCUS POINTS Focus 1 Identify the disabilities that may accompany cerebral palsy. Focus 2 What is spina bifida myelomeningocele? Focus 3 Identify specific treatments for individuals with spinal cord injuries. Focus 4 Describe the physical limitations associated with muscular dystrophy. ©2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.
- 3. CHAPTER FOCUS POINTS Focus 5 What are some of the key elements of treating adolescents with HIV and AIDS? Focus 6 What are the basic interventions in treating individuals with asthma? Focus 7 Describe the immediate treatment for a person who is experiencing a tonic/clonic seizure. Focus 8 Identify three problems that individuals with diabetes may experience later in life. ©2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.
- 4. CHAPTER FOCUS POINTS Focus 9 Identify present and future interventions for the treatment of children and youth with cystic fibrosis. Focus 10 Describe the impact on body tissues of the sickling of red blood cells. Focus 11 Describe the focus of educational interventions for individuals with traumatic brain injuries. ©2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.
- 5. INTRODUCTION IDEA Students with physical disabilities = orthopedic impairment Students with health disorders = other health impaired Medically fragile Technologically dependent Individuals often require a diverse array of highly specialized services to realize their maximum potential. ©2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.
- 6. INTRODUCTION Types of Disabilities: Physical HealthDisorders Trauma ©2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.
- 7. CEREBRAL PALSY A group of chronic conditions that affect muscle coordination & body movement Notcurable Carefully targeted interventions & therapies can help There are three basic types: Diplegia Hemiplegia Quadriplegia ©2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.
- 8. CEREBRAL PALSY Individuals with cerebral palsy are considered to be multi-disabled Hearing deficits Speech & language problems Intellectual deficits Visual disabilities & general perceptual problems ©2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.
- 9. SPINA BIFIDA Abnormal opening in spinal column frequently causes some form of paralysis May/may not affect intellectual functioning Spina bifida occulta - mild condition in which a small slit is present in one or more of the vertebral structures Little impact on a developing infant ©2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.
- 10. SPINA BIFIDA Subdivisions of spina bifida cystica Spina bifida meningocele - a tumor‑like sac on the back of infant which can be open or closed Contains spinal fluid but no nerve tissue Spina bifida myelomeningocele - sac does contain nerve tissue Paralysis or partial paralysis Lack of bowel & bladder control ©2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.
- 11. SPINAL CORD INJURY Spinal cord is traumatized or severed Site& nature of the insult Other serious damage to other parts of body Paraplegia Quadriplegia Hemiplegia ©2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.
- 12. MUSCULAR DYSTROPHY Group of inherited & progressive conditions & characterized by loss of ability to use arms & to walk effectively due to fatty tissues that gradually replaces muscle tissue Degree of seriousness influenced by heredity, age of onset, physical location, nature of onset & rate of progression Duchenne-type muscular dystrophy (DMD) is most severe form of muscular degeneration ©2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.
- 13. AIDS & HIV-1 AIDS is an impaired cellular immunity due to infection with human immunodeficiency virus type 1(HIV-1) & recurrent bacterial diseases Series of stages of disease: Transmission Production of antibodies Immune system decline Symptoms of damaged immune system Recurrent &chronic: immune system fails Patterns of disease development in children ©2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.
- 14. ASTHMA Swelling and inflammation of the air passages that transport air from the mouth and nose to the lungs – Diminished breathing capacity – Coughing – Wheezing – Tightness in chest – Excessive sputum ©2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.
- 15. SEIZURE DISORDERS (EPILEPSY) “Brain disorder in which clusters of nerve cells, or neurons, signal abnormally… causing strange sensations, emotions, and behavior or sometimes convulsions, muscle spasms, and loss of consciousness” (National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, 2009a, p. 1) Types of seizures: Tonic/clonic Absence ©2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.
- 16. DIABETES Developmental or hereditary disorder characterized by inadequate secretion of insulin There are two types: Insulindependant diabetes mellitus, type 1, or juvenile diabetes Non-insulin-dependant diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) or adult onset diabetes ©2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.
- 17. DIABETES Process Glucose builds up in blood, causing extreme hunger, thirst, & frequent urination Accompanying complications Blindness Cardiovascular disease Kidney disease ©2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.
- 18. CYSTIC FIBROSIS Inherited, systemic, generalized disorder of secretion glands that begins at conception Abnormal secretions obstruct the functions of lungs, pancreas, & sweat glands ©2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.
- 19. SICKLE CELL ANEMIA Abnormality of hemoglobin molecule found within red blood cells Blood oxygen level decreases, red blood cells go through a distortion process called sickling Anemia: Sickled cells block microvascular channels, which can cause extreme pain May affect any organ system in body Significant negative effects on physical growth & development ©2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.
- 20. TRAUMATIC & ACQUIRED BRAIN INJURY IDEA definition: An acquired injury to the brain Caused by an external force Total or partial functional disability, psychosocial impairment, or both Adversely affects educational performance ©2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.
- 21. TRAUMATIC & ACQUIRED BRAIN INJURY Impacts: Informationprocessing Social behaviors Memory capacities Reasoning & thinking Speech & language skills Sensory & motor abilities ©2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.
- 22. TRAUMATIC & ACQUIRED BRAIN INJURY Acquired Brain Injury (ABI) Traumatic brain injuries Non-traumatic brain injuries: Strokes, vascular accidents, infectious diseases, anoxic injuries, illegal drug use, poisoning ©2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.
- 23. TRAUMATIC & ACQUIRED BRAIN INJURY TBI/Closed Head Injury Rapid acceleration & deceleration of brain Tearing of nerve fibers Bruising of brain tissue against skull Brain stem injuries, & swelling Primarydamage: direct outcome of initial impact Secondary damage: may occur with passage of time ©2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.
- 24. CHARACTERISTICS • Cognition Speech Language Social and behavioral aspects Neuromotor and physical disabilities Vision and hearing may be impaired Physical functioning ©2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.
- 25. EDUCATIONAL SUPPORTS & SERVICES Appropriate teaching activities High expectations Positive behavioral support Precise feedback Organizational strategies & practice Educational services Problem solving Social behaviors Expressive &receptive language skills Writing skills Assistive technology ©2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.
- 26. EDUCATIONAL SUPPORTS & SERVICES Short IEPs Flexibility & responsiveness are essential Interdisciplinary transition teams Post-secondary education Employment ©2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.