Early views of children saw them as property for labor and discipline through corporal punishment was common. Growing awareness in the late 19th century led to efforts to protect children, including the founding of organizations to prevent cruelty to children. Current child protection aims to rehabilitate families and uses trauma-informed interventions, risk assessment tools, and multidisciplinary teams rather than just removing children from homes.

1. Understanding Child Abuse and Neglect
Tenth Edition
Chapter 1
The Maltreatment of Children
Then and Now
PowerPoint Lecture
Slides prepared by
Piljoo Kang, Ph.D.
Toccoa Falls College
Copyright © 2021, 2014, 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved

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Learning Objectives (1 of 2)
After studying this chapter, you should be able to
1.1 discuss how children were viewed prior to the
twenty-first century.
1.2 explain how children were used as part of the
labor force.
1.3 outline the early efforts to protect abused and
neglected children.

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Learning Objectives (2 of 2)
1.4 describe how the study of trauma influences the current
view of child maltreatment and child protection.
1.5 describe the role of protective services today.

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Early Views of Children (1 of 2)
• As property
– Infanticides in ancient world
– Farm labor in feudal societies
• Matters of Discipline
– Corporal punishment
• Sexual exploitation
– Pederasty
– Awareness, not until 1500’s

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Early Views of Children (2 of 2)
• Contradictions in Victorian era
– Strict moral code
– Yet rampant pornography and child prostitution
• Child Labor
– During Industrial Revolution
– Slavery in the southern states

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Growing Concerns & Awareness
• Settlement Houses (late 1880’s)- provided refuge from
child labor, mostly for white children
• African American children were neglected by child welfare
system
• Native American children were removed from home and
sent to boarding schools to assimilate them into the White
culture

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Early Attempts (1 of 2)
• 1838. Dickens wrote Oliver Twist & campaigned for
child protection
• 1875. Mary Ellen Wilson: first child removed from her
home due to abuse
• 1875. Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to
Children (SPCC) was founded
• 1920. Child Welfare League of America

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Early Attempts (2 of 2)
• 1935. Social Security Act: established Aid for Dependent
Children (ADC)
• 1962. Dr. C. Henry Kempe published “The Battered-Child
Syndrome” in the Journal of the American Medical
Association.
• 1972. The National Center for the Prevention of Child
Abuse and Neglect was established.

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Further Efforts on Behalf of Children
• 1974. The Child Abuse Prevention Act
– Mandated reporting
– Funds for research
• 1978. The Indian Child Welfare Act
– Terminated the practice of removing children from
their parents and tribes
• 1993. Family Preservation and Support Services Act

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Emerging Influences
• Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACE) Study
– Significant correlation between child abuse and
household dysfunction
• Psychological Trauma Theory
• Neurological findings: insight into the causes of
behavioral and psychological problems correlated with
childhood maltreatment

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Child Protection Services Now
• From ‘taking kids away’ to Family Rehabilitation
• Trauma-informed intervention & treatment
• The search for risk assessment tools
• The development of child abuse registers
• The formation of multidisciplinary child protection teams

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