1. MODERNIZATION AND
SOCIAL CHANGE
BY -
SAYEEDA HAJIRA

2. MEANS / CAUSES OF MODERNIZATION
 Industrialization
 Urbanization
 Secularization
 Rise of new social classes

3.  Social change
 Westernization
 Democratization

4. INSTRUMENTAL FACTORS OF MODERNIZATION
 Universalization of education
 Democratization of education

5.  Urbanization
 Industrialization
 Scientific and technological advancement

6. OBSTACLES IN THE WAY OF MODERNIZATION IN INDIA
 Lack of oneness of nation
 Communal type of the social organization
 Narrow religious beliefs which inhibit the
growth of nationality
 Closed system of hierarchical satisfaction
 Diffused system of expectations and rewards
 The drag of the cultural tradition
 The ascription versus achievement dilemma
 The gap between the ideals and the actuality