Welcome to the presentation on An In-depth Analysis of Reported Speech: Comprehensive Examples and Guidelines. This presentation aims to provide a formal understanding of reported speech, including its definition, usage, and guidelines. We will explore various examples to illustrate the concept and delve into the intricacies of this important linguistic phenomenon. Reported speech, also known as indirect speech, is a way of conveying someone else's words or thoughts. It involves reporting what someone said, using verb tense changes and pronoun changes. The reported speech is typically introduced by reporting verbs such as 'said', 'told', or 'asked'. Understanding the rules and guidelines of reported speech is crucial for effective communication and accurate representation of others' statements.

1. AN IN-DEPTH ANALYSIS OF
REPORTED SPEECH:
COMPREHENSIVE
EXAMPLES AND GUIDELINES
BY
DR SHEELU SINGH BHATIA
AN IN-DEPTH ANALYSIS OF
REPORTED SPEECH:
COMPREHENSIVE
EXAMPLES AND GUIDELINES
BY
DR SHEELU SINGH BHATIA

2. INTRODUCTION
INTRODUCTION
Welcome to the presentation on An In-
depth Analysis of Reported Speech:
Comprehensive Examples and
Guidelines. This presentation aims to
provide a formal understanding of
reported speech, including its definition,
usage, and guidelines. We will explore
various examples to illustrate the concept
and delve into the intricacies of this
important linguistic phenomenon.
Welcome to the presentation on An In-
depth Analysis of Reported Speech:
Comprehensive Examples and
Guidelines. This presentation aims to
provide a formal understanding of
reported speech, including its definition,
usage, and guidelines. We will explore
various examples to illustrate the concept
and delve into the intricacies of this
important linguistic phenomenon.

3. DEFINITION OF REPORTED SPEECH
DEFINITION OF REPORTED SPEECH
Reported speech, also known as indirect
speech, is a way of conveying someone
else's words or thoughts. It involves
reporting what someone said, using verb
tense changes and pronoun changes.
The reported speech is typically
introduced by reporting verbs such as
'said', 'told', or 'asked'. Understanding the
rules and guidelines of reported speech
is crucial for effective communication
and accurate representation of others'
statements.
Reported speech, also known as indirect
speech, is a way of conveying someone
else's words or thoughts. It involves
reporting what someone said, using verb
tense changes and pronoun changes.
The reported speech is typically
introduced by reporting verbs such as
'said', 'told', or 'asked'. Understanding the
rules and guidelines of reported speech
is crucial for effective communication
and accurate representation of others'
statements.

4. In direct speech, the exact words spoken
by someone are quoted within quotation
marks. In contrast, reported speech
presents the reported words indirectly,
without using quotation marks. For
example, direct speech: 'I love this
presentation.' Reported speech: He said
he loves this presentation. Note the
necessary changes in verb tense,
pronouns, and other elements when
transforming direct speech into reported
speech.
In direct speech, the exact words spoken
by someone are quoted within quotation
marks. In contrast, reported speech
presents the reported words indirectly,
without using quotation marks. For
example, direct speech: 'I love this
presentation.' Reported speech: He said
he loves this presentation. Note the
necessary changes in verb tense,
pronouns, and other elements when
transforming direct speech into reported
speech.
DIRECT VS. REPORTED SPEECH
DIRECT VS. REPORTED SPEECH

5. When reporting speech, verb tense
changes are crucial. In general, the tense
of the reported speech is shifted back in
time. For example, present simple
becomes past simple, present
continuous becomes past continuous,
and so on. However, some tenses remain
unchanged, such as present perfect and
past perfect. Understanding these tense
changes is essential for accurately
conveying reported speech.
When reporting speech, verb tense
changes are crucial. In general, the tense
of the reported speech is shifted back in
time. For example, present simple
becomes past simple, present
continuous becomes past continuous,
and so on. However, some tenses remain
unchanged, such as present perfect and
past perfect. Understanding these tense
changes is essential for accurately
conveying reported speech.
VERB TENSE CHANGES
VERB TENSE CHANGES

6. PRONOUN CHANGES
PRONOUN CHANGES
Along with verb tense changes, pronoun
changes are necessary when reporting
speech. Pronouns referring to the speaker
may change to reflect the reported
speaker. For example, 'I' becomes 'he' or
'she'. Additionally, possessive pronouns
may also change. It is important to
consider these pronoun changes to
ensure clarity and accuracy in reported
speech.
Along with verb tense changes, pronoun
changes are necessary when reporting
speech. Pronouns referring to the speaker
may change to reflect the reported
speaker. For example, 'I' becomes 'he' or
'she'. Additionally, possessive pronouns
may also change. It is important to
consider these pronoun changes to
ensure clarity and accuracy in reported
speech.

7. REPORTING VERBS
REPORTING VERBS
Reporting verbs play a crucial role in
introducing reported speech. Common
reporting verbs include 'said', 'told',
'asked', 'explained', 'stated', and 'claimed'.
These verbs provide context and
attribution to the reported speech. It is
important to choose the appropriate
reporting verb based on the specific
situation and the intended meaning of
the reported speech.
Reporting verbs play a crucial role in
introducing reported speech. Common
reporting verbs include 'said', 'told',
'asked', 'explained', 'stated', and 'claimed'.
These verbs provide context and
attribution to the reported speech. It is
important to choose the appropriate
reporting verb based on the specific
situation and the intended meaning of
the reported speech.

8. REPORTING STATEMENTS
REPORTING STATEMENTS
When reporting statements, it is
important to consider the changes in
word order and punctuation. In
reported speech, the word order may
change, and certain punctuation
marks, such as question marks and
exclamation marks, may be replaced
with full stops or commas.
Understanding these changes ensures
accurate representation of reported
statements.
When reporting statements, it is
important to consider the changes in
word order and punctuation. In
reported speech, the word order may
change, and certain punctuation
marks, such as question marks and
exclamation marks, may be replaced
with full stops or commas.
Understanding these changes ensures
accurate representation of reported
statements.

9. Reporting questions involves changes
in word order, verb forms, and the use
of question words. When reporting
yes/no questions, the word order
changes to subject + reporting verb +
if/whether + reported clause. For
reporting wh-questions, the question
word is retained and the word order
changes accordingly. Understanding
these changes is essential for
accurately reporting questions.
Reporting questions involves changes
in word order, verb forms, and the use
of question words. When reporting
yes/no questions, the word order
changes to subject + reporting verb +
if/whether + reported clause. For
reporting wh-questions, the question
word is retained and the word order
changes accordingly. Understanding
these changes is essential for
accurately reporting questions.
REPORTING QUESTIONS
REPORTING QUESTIONS

10. REPORTED SPEECH IN WRITING
REPORTED SPEECH IN WRITING
When using reported speech in
writing, it is important to consider the
use of reporting verbs, verb tense
changes, and pronoun changes.
Additionally, the use of appropriate
punctuation marks and quotation
marks is crucial for clarity and
readability. By effectively incorporating
reported speech into writing, one can
enhance the authenticity and
credibility of the text.
When using reported speech in
writing, it is important to consider the
use of reporting verbs, verb tense
changes, and pronoun changes.
Additionally, the use of appropriate
punctuation marks and quotation
marks is crucial for clarity and
readability. By effectively incorporating
reported speech into writing, one can
enhance the authenticity and
credibility of the text.

11. REPORTED SPEECH IN SPEECHES
REPORTED SPEECH IN SPEECHES
In speeches, reported speech can be
used to convey the words or ideas of
others. By using appropriate
intonation and vocal cues, speakers
can effectively differentiate between
their own words and the reported
speech. Understanding the nuances of
reported speech in speeches allows
speakers to engage their audience
and deliver impactful messages.
In speeches, reported speech can be
used to convey the words or ideas of
others. By using appropriate
intonation and vocal cues, speakers
can effectively differentiate between
their own words and the reported
speech. Understanding the nuances of
reported speech in speeches allows
speakers to engage their audience
and deliver impactful messages.

12. COMMON MISTAKES TO AVOID
COMMON MISTAKES TO AVOID
While using reported speech, there are
common mistakes that should be
avoided. These include incorrect verb
tense changes, inaccurate pronoun
changes, improper use of reporting
verbs, and failure to adjust
punctuation and word order. By being
aware of these potential pitfalls, one
can ensure accurate and effective
communication through reported
speech.
While using reported speech, there are
common mistakes that should be
avoided. These include incorrect verb
tense changes, inaccurate pronoun
changes, improper use of reporting
verbs, and failure to adjust
punctuation and word order. By being
aware of these potential pitfalls, one
can ensure accurate and effective
communication through reported
speech.

13. Key Takeaways
Key Takeaways
In conclusion, reported speech is a vital aspect of
communication, allowing us to convey the words
and thoughts of others. By understanding the
rules and guidelines of reported speech,
including verb tense changes, pronoun changes,
and the use of appropriate reporting verbs, we
can accurately and effectively represent reported
speech. Incorporating reported speech in writing
and speeches enhances authenticity and
credibility. Avoiding common mistakes ensures
clarity and accuracy in reported speech.
In conclusion, reported speech is a vital aspect of
communication, allowing us to convey the words
and thoughts of others. By understanding the
rules and guidelines of reported speech,
including verb tense changes, pronoun changes,
and the use of appropriate reporting verbs, we
can accurately and effectively represent reported
speech. Incorporating reported speech in writing
and speeches enhances authenticity and
credibility. Avoiding common mistakes ensures
clarity and accuracy in reported speech.

14. Thank you for joining this presentation on An In-depth
Analysis of Reported Speech. We hope this
comprehensive exploration of reported speech,
including examples and guidelines, has provided you
with valuable insights. By mastering the intricacies of
reported speech, you can enhance your
communication skills and effectively convey the words
and thoughts of others. Stay tuned for more
informative presentations in the future!
Thank you for joining this presentation on An In-depth
Analysis of Reported Speech. We hope this
comprehensive exploration of reported speech,
including examples and guidelines, has provided you
with valuable insights. By mastering the intricacies of
reported speech, you can enhance your
communication skills and effectively convey the words
and thoughts of others. Stay tuned for more
informative presentations in the future!
CONCLUSION
CONCLUSION

15. Thanks!
Thanks!