4. Plants that produce flowers are called
angiosperms. All angiosperms have the flowers
as reproductive organs and produce seeds that
are stored and protected by the fruit.
Sexual Reproduction of Plants
5. Learn about it!
Parts of a Flower
● Petals are structures that
are colored and attract
pollinators that carry
pollen. The color of petal
varies from plant to plant.
● Sepals are leaf-like
structures that enclose
the unopened flower.
Parts of a flower
Sexual Reproduction of Plants
6. Learn about it!
Parts of a Flowers
● The stamen refers to the
male parts like the anther
and filament.
● The pistil refers to the
female parts like the
stigma, style, and ovary. Parts of a flower
Sexual Reproduction of Plants
7. Learn about it!
Female Reproductive Parts of a Flower
● The ovule becomes the seed,
while the ovary becomes the
fruit, after fertilization.
● The style is a tubular structure
that connects the ovary to the
stigma.
● The stigma is a sticky structure
which collects the male pollen
carried by pollinators during
pollination.
Sexual Reproduction of Plants
8. Learn about it!
Male Reproductive Parts of a Flower
● The anther produces the
pollen.
● The filament holds up
the anther.
Sexual Reproduction of Plants
9. Learn about it!
Perfect and Imperfect Flowers
● Perfect flowers are where
the male and female parts
can be found in a single
flower.
● In imperfect flowers, the
male and female
reproductive parts are
found on separate flowers.
Sexual Reproduction of Plants
11. Learn about it!
● Pollination is when the
pollen produced in a
flower’s anther come into
contact with the stigma of
the same or another
flower.
Pollination
Sexual Reproduction of Plants
12. Learn about it!
Pollination
● Self-pollination is when
the pollen is transferred
to the stigma on the same
flower or plant.
● Cross- pollination occurs
when this happens on
different plants.
Sexual Reproduction of Plants
13. Learn about it!
Fertilization
● After the pollen reaches the stigma,
it travels through the style to the
ovary, which is where fertilization
of the female gametes occurs.
● After fertilization, the ovules develop
into seeds, while the ovary becomes
the fruit.
Sexual Reproduction of Plants
14. Learn about it!
Seeds
● The seed is the fertilized egg cell in plants and contains
the embryo.
● The three major parts of the
seed are:
○ the embryo which has all the
parts for a new plant,
○ the seed coat which protects
the embryo, and
○ the endosperm, the ‘food’
that nourishes the embryo.
Sexual Reproduction of Plants
15. Types of Cotyledon
• Dicotyledons (dicots), which have two
cotyledons and develop a taproot system and
leaves with webbed veins.
• Monocotyledons (also monocots) have only one
cotyledon and develop a fibrous root system, as
well as leaves with parallel venation.
19. Examples of Nonflowering Plants
Conifers
● Conifers are a group of woody
plants mostly with long, thin
and needle-like leaves.
● The reproductive organs are
called cones, which bear the
seeds.
Conifer leaves
20. Examples of Nonflowering Plants
Conifer Cones
● Male cones have structures
called microsporangia (sing.
microsporangium) that produce
the pollen.
● In the female cone, pollen pass
through the micropyle, a tiny
opening in the ovule. Pine cones
21. Examples of Nonflowering Plants
Ferns
● Ferns produce spores, and have
two types of leaves.
○ Trophophylls are vegetative
leaves that do not produce
spores.
○ Sporophylls are fertile leaves
that where spores are
produced.
22. The Reproduction of Nonflowering Plants
Life Cycle of Ferns
● The sporophyte stage is
the asexual stage which
produces the spores.
● Gametophyte is the phase
that produces both male
and female gametes which
for sexual reproduction.
23. The Reproduction of Nonflowering Plants
Mosses
● Mosses are small, seedless,
non-vascular plants that
produce no flowers.
● These plants are usually much
smaller than ferns.
Moss
24. What Do You Think?
How do non flowering plants reproduce?
25. Asexual Reproduction of Plants
Asexual reproduction is when a plant
propagates itself without the production
and mating of gametes.
26. Asexual Reproduction of Plants
Apomixis
● Apomixis is where seeds are
produced without the
fertilization of gametes.
● Dandelions are examples of
plants that undergo apomixis.
Dandelions can reproduce
through apomixis
27. Asexual Reproduction of Plants
Vegetative Reproduction
● A plant part, typically the
stem and the roots, and
sometimes the leaves, is
structurally modified to
give rise to new individuals.
Potatoes can undergo vegetative
reproduction
28. Asexual Reproduction of Plants
Structural Modifications for
Vegetative Reproduction
● A rhizome is a mass
modified underground stem
that grows shoots and root.
● Stolons (also called runners)
are horizontal stems that
grow at the soil surface and
form new plants.
29. Asexual Reproduction of Plants
Structural Modifications for
Vegetative Reproduction
● Tubers are the swollen tip of
an underground lateral stem
(stolon).
● Bulbs reproduce by dividing
their underground bulbs into
more bulbs.
30. Asexual Reproduction of Plants
Structural Modifications for Vegetative
Reproduction
● Corms are similar to
bulbs and modified
into a storage tissue.
31. Artificial Asexual Reproduction of Plants
● Grafting involves the holding
together and connecting two
plant parts.
Grafting
● Cutting involves planting
stem cuttings in healthy
soil.
Cutting
